1
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Wang RP, Huang MJ, Hariki A, Okamoto J, Huang HY, Singh A, Huang DJ, Nagel P, Schuppler S, Haarman T, Liu B, de Groot FMF. Analyzing the Local Electronic Structure of Co 3O 4 Using 2p3d Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2022; 126:8752-8759. [PMID: 35655938 PMCID: PMC9150098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present the cobalt 2p3d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of Co3O4. Guided by multiplet simulation, the excited states at 0.5 and 1.3 eV can be identified as the 4 T 2 excited state of the tetrahedral Co2+ and the 3 T 2g excited state of the octahedral Co3+, respectively. The ground states of Co2+ and Co3+ sites are determined to be high-spin 4 A 2(T d ) and low-spin 1 A 1g (Oh ), respectively. It indicates that the high-spin Co2+ is the magnetically active site in Co3O4. Additionally, the ligand-to-metal charge transfer analysis shows strong orbital hybridization between the cobalt and oxygen ions at the Co3+ site, while the hybridization is weak at the Co2+ site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Pan Wang
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, G610, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meng-Jie Huang
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Atsushi Hariki
- Department
of Physics and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Jun Okamoto
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, No. 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Huang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, No. 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Amol Singh
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, No. 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Di-Jing Huang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, No. 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Peter Nagel
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Schuppler
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ties Haarman
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boyang Liu
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Zhou KJ, Walters A, Garcia-Fernandez M, Rice T, Hand M, Nag A, Li J, Agrestini S, Garland P, Wang H, Alcock S, Nistea I, Nutter B, Rubies N, Knap G, Gaughran M, Yuan F, Chang P, Emmins J, Howell G. I21: an advanced high-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering beamline at Diamond Light Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:563-580. [PMID: 35254322 PMCID: PMC8900866 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The I21 beamline at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to advanced resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) for probing charge, orbital, spin and lattice excitations in materials across condensed matter physics, applied sciences and chemistry. Both the beamline and the RIXS spectrometer employ divergent variable-line-spacing gratings covering a broad energy range of 280-3000 eV. A combined energy resolution of ∼35 meV (16 meV) is readily achieved at 930 eV (530 eV) owing to the optimized optics and the mechanics. Considerable efforts have been paid to the design of the entire beamline, particularly the implementation of the collection mirrors, to maximize the X-ray photon throughput. The continuous rotation of the spectrometer over 150° under ultra high vacuum and a cryogenic manipulator with six degrees of freedom allow accurate mappings of low-energy excitations from solid state materials in momentum space. Most importantly, the facility features a unique combination of the high energy resolution and the high photon throughput vital for advanced RIXS applications. Together with its stability and user friendliness, I21 has become one of the most sought after RIXS beamlines in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jin Zhou
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Walters
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Rice
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hand
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Jiemin Li
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Agrestini
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Garland
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Hongchang Wang
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Alcock
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Ioana Nistea
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Nutter
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Rubies
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Knap
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Gaughran
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Fajin Yuan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Chang
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - John Emmins
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - George Howell
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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3
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Singh A, Huang HY, Chu YY, Hua CY, Lin SW, Fung HS, Shiu HW, Chang J, Li JH, Okamoto J, Chiu CC, Chang CH, Wu WB, Perng SY, Chung SC, Kao KY, Yeh SC, Chao HY, Chen JH, Huang DJ, Chen CT. Development of the Soft X-ray AGM-AGS RIXS beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:977-986. [PMID: 33950006 PMCID: PMC8127366 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a high-resolution and highly efficient beamline for soft X-ray resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) located at the Taiwan Photon Source. This beamline adopts an optical design that uses an active grating monochromator (AGM) and an active grating spectrometer (AGS) to implement the energy compensation principle of grating dispersion. Active gratings are utilized to diminish defocus, coma and higher-order aberrations, as well as to decrease the slope errors caused by thermal deformation and optical polishing. The AGS is mounted on a rotatable granite platform to enable momentum-resolved RIXS measurements with scattering angles over a wide range. Several high-precision instruments developed in-house for this beamline are described briefly. The best energy resolution obtained from this AGM-AGS beamline was 12.4 meV at 530 eV, achieving a resolving power of 4.2 × 104, while the bandwidth of the incident soft X-rays was kept at 0.5 eV. To demonstrate the scientific impact of high-resolution RIXS, we present an example of momentum-resolved RIXS measurements on a high-temperature superconducting cuprate, i.e. La2-xSrxCuO4. The measurements reveal the A1g buckling phonons in superconducting cuprates, opening a new opportunity to investigate the coupling between these phonons and charge-density waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Singh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H. Y. Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Y. Y. Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C. Y. Hua
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S. W. Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H. S. Fung
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H. W. Shiu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - J. Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - J. H. Li
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - J. Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C. C. Chiu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C. H. Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - W. B. Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S. Y. Perng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S. C. Chung
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - K. Y. Kao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S. C. Yeh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H. Y. Chao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - J. H. Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - D. J. Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - C. T. Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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4
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Zhou KJ, Matsuyama S, Strocov VN. hv 2-concept breaks the photon-count limit of RIXS instrumentation. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1235-1239. [PMID: 32876598 PMCID: PMC7467335 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520008607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Upon progressive refinement of energy resolution, the conventional resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) instrumentation reaches the limit where the bandwidth of incident photons becomes insufficient to deliver an acceptable photon-count rate. Here it is shown that RIXS spectra as a function of energy loss are essentially invariant to their integration over incident energies within the core-hole lifetime. This fact permits RIXS instrumentation based on the hv2-concept to utilize incident synchrotron radiation over the whole core-hole lifetime window without any compromise on the much finer energy-loss resolution, thereby breaking the photon-count limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jin Zhou
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Matsuyama
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Shvyd'ko Y. Diffraction gratings with two-orders-of-magnitude-enhanced dispersion rates for sub-meV resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1227-1234. [PMID: 32876597 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520008292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction gratings with large angular dispersion rates are central to obtaining high spectral resolution in grating spectrometers operating over a broad spectral range from infrared to soft X-ray domains. The greatest challenge is of course to achieve large dispersion rates in the short-wavelength X-ray domain. Here it is shown that crystals in non-coplanar asymmetric X-ray Bragg diffraction can function as high-reflectance broadband soft X-ray diffraction gratings with dispersion rates that are at least two orders of magnitude larger than those that are possible with state-of-the-art man-made gratings. This opens new opportunities to design and implement soft X-ray resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS) spectrometers with spectral resolutions that are up to two orders of magnitude higher than what is currently possible, to further advance a very dynamic field of RIXS spectroscopy, and to make it competitive with inelastic neutron scattering. Examples of large-dispersion-rate crystal diffraction gratings operating near the 930 eV L3 absorption edge in Cu and of the 2.838 keV L3-edge in Ru are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Shvyd'ko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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6
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Wang RP, Elnaggar H, Titus CJ, Tomiyasu K, Geessinck J, Koster G, Frati F, Okamoto J, Huang DJ, de Groot FMF. Saturation and self-absorption effects in the angle-dependent 2p3d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra of Co 3. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:979-987. [PMID: 33566007 PMCID: PMC7336173 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520005123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Angle-dependent 2p3d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra of a LaCoO3 single crystal and a 55 nm LaCoO3 film on a SrTiO3 substrate are presented. Theoretical calculation shows that, with ∼20 meV resolved Co 2p3d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), the excited states of the isotropic 1A1g(Oh) ground state are split by 3d spin-orbit coupling, which can be distinguished via their angular dependence. However, strong self-absorption and saturation effects distort the spectra of the LaCoO3 single crystal and limit the observation of small angular dependence. In contrast, the RIXS on 55 nm LaCoO3 shows less self-absorption effects and preserves the angular dependence of the excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Pan Wang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hebatalla Elnaggar
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles J. Titus
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keisuke Tomiyasu
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- NISSAN ARC Ltd, 1 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Jaap Geessinck
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Koster
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Frati
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Okamoto
- Condensed Matter Physics Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Di-Jing Huang
- Condensed Matter Physics Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Chuang YD, Feng X, Glans-Suzuki PA, Yang W, Padmore H, Guo J. A design of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrometer for spatial- and time-resolved spectroscopy. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:695-707. [PMID: 32381770 PMCID: PMC7206552 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520004440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The optical design of a Hettrick-Underwood-style soft X-ray spectrometer with Wolter type 1 mirrors is presented. The spectrometer with a nominal length of 3.1 m can achieve a high resolving power (resolving power higher than 10000) in the soft X-ray regime when a small source beam (<3 µm in the grating dispersion direction) and small pixel detector (5 µm effective pixel size) are used. Adding Wolter mirrors to the spectrometer before its dispersive elements can realize the spatial imaging capability, which finds applications in the spectroscopic studies of spatially dependent electronic structures in tandem catalysts, heterostructures, etc. In the pump-probe experiments where the pump beam perturbs the materials followed by the time-delayed probe beam to reveal the transient evolution of electronic structures, the imaging capability of the Wolter mirrors can offer the pixel-equivalent femtosecond time delay between the pump and probe beams when their wavefronts are not collinear. In combination with some special sample handing systems, such as liquid jets and droplets, the imaging capability can also be used to study the time-dependent electronic structure of chemical transformation spanning multiple time domains from microseconds to nanoseconds. The proposed Wolter mirrors can also be adopted to the existing soft X-ray spectrometers that use the Hettrick-Underwood optical scheme, expanding their capabilities in materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-De Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Per-Anders Glans-Suzuki
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Howard Padmore
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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Lebert BW, Kim S, Bisogni V, Jarrige I, Barbour AM, Kim YJ. Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of [Formula: see text]-RuCl 3: a progress report. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:144001. [PMID: 31703223 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ru M3-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements of [Formula: see text] with 27 meV resolution reveals a spin-orbit exciton without noticeable splitting. We extract values for the spin-orbit coupling constant ([Formula: see text] meV) and trigonal distortion field energy ([Formula: see text] meV) which support the [Formula: see text] nature of [Formula: see text]. We demonstrate the feasibility of M-edge RIXS for 4d systems, which allows ultra high-resolution RIXS of 4d systems until instrumentation for L-edge RIXS improves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair W Lebert
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Subin Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Valentina Bisogni
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States of America
| | - Ignace Jarrige
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States of America
| | - Andi M Barbour
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States of America
| | - Young-June Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
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9
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Rossi M, Henriquet C, Jacobs J, Donnerer C, Boseggia S, Al-Zein A, Fumagalli R, Yao Y, Vale JG, Hunter EC, Perry RS, Kantor I, Garbarino G, Crichton W, Monaco G, McMorrow DF, Krisch M, Moretti Sala M. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering of magnetic excitations under pressure. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1725-1732. [PMID: 31490164 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519008877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is an extremely valuable tool for the study of elementary, including magnetic, excitations in matter. The latest developments of this technique have mostly been aimed at improving the energy resolution and performing polarization analysis of the scattered radiation, with a great impact on the interpretation and applicability of RIXS. Instead, this article focuses on the sample environment and presents a setup for high-pressure low-temperature RIXS measurements of low-energy excitations. The feasibility of these experiments is proved by probing the magnetic excitations of the bilayer iridate Sr3Ir2O7 at pressures up to 12 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rossi
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Henriquet
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Jeroen Jacobs
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Donnerer
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stefano Boseggia
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ali Al-Zein
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberto Fumagalli
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Yi Yao
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - James G Vale
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Emily C Hunter
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
| | - Robin S Perry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Innokenty Kantor
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaston Garbarino
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Wilson Crichton
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Giulio Monaco
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Desmond F McMorrow
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael Krisch
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Moretti Sala
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
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10
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Kim T, Lim S, Hong J, Kwon SG, Okamoto J, Chen ZY, Jeong J, Kang S, Leiner JC, Lim JT, Kim CS, Huang DJ, Hyeon T, Lee S, Park JG. Giant thermal hysteresis in Verwey transition of single domain Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5092. [PMID: 29572467 PMCID: PMC5865112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Most interesting phenomena of condensed matter physics originate from interactions among different degrees of freedom, making it a very intriguing yet challenging question how certain ground states emerge from only a limited number of atoms in assembly. This is especially the case for strongly correlated electron systems with overwhelming complexity. The Verwey transition of Fe3O4 is a classic example of this category, of which the origin is still elusive 80 years after the first report. Here we report, for the first time, that the Verwey transition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibits size-dependent thermal hysteresis in magnetization, 57Fe NMR, and XRD measurements. The hysteresis width passes a maximum of 11 K when the size is 120 nm while dropping to only 1 K for the bulk sample. This behavior is very similar to that of magnetic coercivity and the critical sizes of the hysteresis and the magnetic single domain are identical. We interpret it as a manifestation of charge ordering and spin ordering correlation in a single domain. This work paves a new way of undertaking researches in the vibrant field of strongly correlated electron physics combined with nanoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehun Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sumin Lim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soon Gu Kwon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jun Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Zhi Ying Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jaehong Jeong
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soonmin Kang
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jonathan C Leiner
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jung Tae Lim
- Department of Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02703, Korea
| | - Chul Sung Kim
- Department of Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02703, Korea
| | - Di Jing Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soonchil Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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11
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Liu B, Glass EN, Wang RP, Cui YT, Harada Y, Huang DJ, Schuppler S, Hill CL, de Groot FMF. Cobalt-to-vanadium charge transfer in polyoxometalate water oxidation catalysts revealed by 2p3d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4554-4562. [PMID: 29376165 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
2p3d RIXS spectra reveal electronic structures ofCo4V2WOC, which offers insights into its enhanced catalytic activity thanCo4P2WOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Liu
- Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Ru-Pan Wang
- Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- The Netherlands
| | - Yi-Tao Cui
- Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8581
- Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8581
- Japan
| | - Di-Jing Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- Hsinchu 30076
- Taiwan
| | - Stefan Schuppler
- Institut fuer Festkorperphysik
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Karlsruhe 76021
- Germany
| | | | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- The Netherlands
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12
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Niwa H, Takachi M, Okamoto J, Wu WB, Chu YY, Singh A, Huang DJ, Moritomo Y. Strong localization of oxidized Co 3+ state in cobalt-hexacyanoferrate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16579. [PMID: 29185485 PMCID: PMC5707369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary batteries are important energy storage devices for a mobile equipment, an electric car, and a large-scale energy storage. Nevertheless, variation of the local electronic state of the battery materials in the charge (or oxidization) process are still unclear. Here, we investigated the local electronic state of cobalt-hexacyanoferrate (Na x Co[Fe(CN)6]0.9), by means of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) with high energy resolution (~100 meV). The L-edge RIXS is one of the most powerful spectroscopic technique with element- and valence-selectivity. We found that the local electronic state around Co2+ in the partially-charged Na1.1Co2+0.5Co3+0.5[Fe2+(CN)6]0.9 film (x = 1.1) is the same as that of the discharged Na1.6Co2+[Fe2+(CN)6]0.9 film (x = 1.6) within the energy resolution, indicating that the local electronic state around Co2+ is invariant against the partial oxidization. In addition, the local electronic state around the oxidized Co3+ is essentially the same as that of the fully-charged film Co3+[Fe2+(CN)6]0.3[Fe3+(CN)6]0.6 (x = 0.0) film. Such a strong localization of the oxidized Co3+ state is advantageous for the reversibility of the redox process, since the localization reduces extra reaction within the materials and resultant deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Niwa
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Takachi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Jun Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Amol Singh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Di-Jing Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yutaka Moritomo
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan. .,Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan.
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13
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Tomiyasu K, Okamoto J, Huang HY, Chen ZY, Sinaga EP, Wu WB, Chu YY, Singh A, Wang RP, de Groot FMF, Chainani A, Ishihara S, Chen CT, Huang DJ. Coulomb Correlations Intertwined with Spin and Orbital Excitations in LaCoO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:196402. [PMID: 29219525 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.196402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We carried out temperature-dependent (20-550 K) measurements of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering on LaCoO_{3} to investigate the evolution of its electronic structure across the spin-state crossover. In combination with charge-transfer multiplet calculations, we accurately quantified the renomalized crystal-field excitation energies and spin-state populations. We show that the screening of the effective on-site Coulomb interaction of 3d electrons is orbital selective and coupled to the spin-state crossover in LaCoO_{3}. The results establish that the gradual spin-state crossover is associated with a relative change of Coulomb energy versus bandwidth, leading to a Mott-type insulator-to-metal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tomiyasu
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - J Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H Y Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Z Y Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - E P Sinaga
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - W B Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Y Y Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - A Singh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - R-P Wang
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - F M F de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A Chainani
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S Ishihara
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - C T Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - D J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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14
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Huang HY, Chen ZY, Wang RP, de Groot FMF, Wu WB, Okamoto J, Chainani A, Singh A, Li ZY, Zhou JS, Jeng HT, Guo GY, Park JG, Tjeng LH, Chen CT, Huang DJ. Jahn-Teller distortion driven magnetic polarons in magnetite. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15929. [PMID: 28660878 PMCID: PMC5493765 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first known magnetic mineral, magnetite, has unusual properties, which have fascinated mankind for centuries; it undergoes the Verwey transition around 120 K with an abrupt change in structure and electrical conductivity. The mechanism of the Verwey transition, however, remains contentious. Here we use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering over a wide temperature range across the Verwey transition to identify and separate out the magnetic excitations derived from nominal Fe2+ and Fe3+ states. Comparison of the experimental results with crystal-field multiplet calculations shows that the spin–orbital dd excitons of the Fe2+ sites arise from a tetragonal Jahn-Teller active polaronic distortion of the Fe2+O6 octahedra. These low-energy excitations, which get weakened for temperatures above 350 K but persist at least up to 550 K, are distinct from optical excitations and are best explained as magnetic polarons. The Verwey transition of magnetite is complex due to the coexistence of strong correlations and electron-phonon coupling. Here, the authors use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to show evidence for magnetic polarons in magnetite and provide insight into the nature of the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.,Program of Science and Technology of Synchrotron Light Source, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Z Y Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - R-P Wang
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F M F de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W B Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - J Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - A Chainani
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - A Singh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Z-Y Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Material Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J-S Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Material Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H-T Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - G Y Guo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Division of Physics, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - L H Tjeng
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzerstr. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - C T Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - D J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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15
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Yin Z, Rehanek J, Löchel H, Braig C, Buck J, Firsov A, Viefhaus J, Erko A, Techert S. Highly efficient soft X-ray spectrometer based on a reflection zone plate for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements. Opt Express 2017; 25:10984-10996. [PMID: 28788785 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a newly designed compact and flexible soft X-ray spectrometer for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) studies within an energy range from 380 eV to 410 eV, which would include the K alpha emission lines of vital elements like nitrogen. We utilized an off-axis reflection zone plate (RZP) as the wavelength selective element with a maximum line density of 10000 l/mm. A higher energy resolution over a broader range of ± 15 eV around the designed energy was achieved by displacing the RZP. Additionally, for the first time, an actual optical side effect, the so-called comatic aberration was exploited to increase the energy resolution. First results show a resolving power in the order of 1300 for photon energy of 395 eV, which is comparable to a commercial varied line spacing grating (VLS).
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16
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Fabbris G, Meyers D, Xu L, Katukuri VM, Hozoi L, Liu X, Chen ZY, Okamoto J, Schmitt T, Uldry A, Delley B, Gu GD, Prabhakaran D, Boothroyd AT, van den Brink J, Huang DJ, Dean MPM. Doping Dependence of Collective Spin and Orbital Excitations in the Spin-1 Quantum Antiferromagnet La_{2-x}Sr_{x}NiO_{4} Observed by X Rays. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:156402. [PMID: 28452512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.156402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the first empirical demonstration that resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is sensitive to collective magnetic excitations in S=1 systems by probing the Ni L_{3} edge of La_{2-x}Sr_{x}NiO_{4} (x=0, 0.33, 0.45). The magnetic excitation peak is asymmetric, indicating the presence of single and multi-spin-flip excitations. As the hole doping level is increased, the zone boundary magnon energy is suppressed at a much larger rate than that in hole doped cuprates. Based on the analysis of the orbital and charge excitations observed by RIXS, we argue that this difference is related to the orbital character of the doped holes in these two families. This work establishes RIXS as a probe of fundamental magnetic interactions in nickelates opening the way towards studies of heterostructures and ultrafast pump-probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fabbris
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Meyers
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Xu
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße, 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - V M Katukuri
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße, 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Hozoi
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße, 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - X Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Z-Y Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - J Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - T Schmitt
- Research Department "Synchotron Radiation and Nanotechnology", Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Uldry
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Delley
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G D Gu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A T Boothroyd
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J van den Brink
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße, 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - D J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - M P M Dean
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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17
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Chuang YD, Shao YC, Cruz A, Hanzel K, Brown A, Frano A, Qiao R, Smith B, Domning E, Huang SW, Wray LA, Lee WS, Shen ZX, Devereaux TP, Chiou JW, Pong WF, Yashchuk VV, Gullikson E, Reininger R, Yang W, Guo J, Duarte R, Hussain Z. Modular soft x-ray spectrometer for applications in energy sciences and quantum materials. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:013110. [PMID: 28147697 DOI: 10.1063/1.4974356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the advances in grating-based soft X-ray spectrometers have revolutionized the soft X-ray spectroscopies in materials research. However, these novel spectrometers are mostly dedicated designs, which cannot be easily adopted for applications with diverging demands. Here we present a versatile spectrometer design concept based on the Hettrick-Underwood optical scheme that uses modular mechanical components. The spectrometer's optics chamber can be used with gratings operated in either inside or outside orders, and the detector assembly can be reconfigured accordingly. The spectrometer can be designed to have high spectral resolution, exceeding 10 000 resolving power when using small source (∼1μm) and detector pixels (∼5μm) with high line density gratings (∼3000 lines/mm), or high throughput at moderate resolution. We report two such spectrometers with slightly different design goals and optical parameters in this paper. We show that the spectrometer with high throughput and large energy window is particularly useful for studying the sustainable energy materials. We demonstrate that the extensive resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) map of battery cathode material LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 can be produced in few hours using such a spectrometer. Unlike analyzing only a handful of RIXS spectra taken at selected excitation photon energies across the elemental absorption edges to determine various spectral features like the localized dd excitations and non-resonant fluorescence emissions, these features can be easily identified in the RIXS maps. Studying such RIXS maps could reveal novel transition metal redox in battery compounds that are sometimes hard to be unambiguously identified in X-ray absorption and emission spectra. We propose that this modular spectrometer design can serve as the platform for further customization to meet specific scientific demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-De Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Shao
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kelly Hanzel
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adam Brown
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alex Frano
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Brian Smith
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Edward Domning
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shih-Wen Huang
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE221-00 Lund, Sweden
| | - L Andrew Wray
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Wei-Sheng Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jaw-Wern Chiou
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Way-Faung Pong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Valeriy V Yashchuk
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Eric Gullikson
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ruben Reininger
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Robert Duarte
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Dvorak J, Jarrige I, Bisogni V, Coburn S, Leonhardt W. Towards 10 meV resolution: The design of an ultrahigh resolution soft X-ray RIXS spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:115109. [PMID: 27910402 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present the optical design of the Centurion soft X-ray resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrometer to be located on the SIX beamline at NSLS-II. The spectrometer is designed to reach a resolving power of 100 000 at 1000 eV at its best resolution. It is also designed to have continuously variable 2θ motion over a range of 112° using a custom triple rotating flange. We have analyzed several possible spectrometer designs capable of reaching the target resolution. After careful analysis, we have adopted a Hettrick-Underwood spectrometer design, with an additional plane mirror to maintain a fixed direction for the outgoing beam. The spectrometer can cancel defocus and coma aberrations at all energies, has an erect focal plane, and minimizes mechanical motions of the detector. When the beamline resolution is accounted for, the net spectral resolution will be 14 meV at 1000 eV. This will open up many low energy excitations to study and will expand greatly the power of soft X-ray RIXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dvorak
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Ignace Jarrige
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Valentina Bisogni
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Scott Coburn
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - William Leonhardt
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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19
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Fabbris G, Meyers D, Okamoto J, Pelliciari J, Disa AS, Huang Y, Chen ZY, Wu WB, Chen CT, Ismail-Beigi S, Ahn CH, Walker FJ, Huang DJ, Schmitt T, Dean MPM. Orbital Engineering in Nickelate Heterostructures Driven by Anisotropic Oxygen Hybridization rather than Orbital Energy Levels. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:147401. [PMID: 27740843 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.147401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering is used to investigate the electronic origin of orbital polarization in nickelate heterostructures taking LaTiO_{3}-LaNiO_{3}-3×(LaAlO_{3}), a system with exceptionally large polarization, as a model system. We find that heterostructuring generates only minor changes in the Ni 3d orbital energy levels, contradicting the often-invoked picture in which changes in orbital energy levels generate orbital polarization. Instead, O K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that orbital polarization is caused by an anisotropic reconstruction of the oxygen ligand hole states. This provides an explanation for the limited success of theoretical predictions based on tuning orbital energy levels and implies that future theories should focus on anisotropic hybridization as the most effective means to drive large changes in electronic structure and realize novel emergent phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fabbris
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Meyers
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - J Pelliciari
- Research Department "Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology", Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A S Disa
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Research Department "Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology", Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Z-Y Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - W B Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C T Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - C H Ahn
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - F J Walker
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - T Schmitt
- Research Department "Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology", Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M P M Dean
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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20
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Liu B, Wang RP, Glass EN, Hill CL, Cuk T, Okamoto J, Huang DJ, van Schooneveld MM, de Groot FMF. Distorted Tetrahedral CoII in K5H[CoW12O40]·xH2O Probed by 2p3d Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10152-10160. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Liu
- Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ru-Pan Wang
- Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elliot N. Glass
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Craig L. Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tanja Cuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, 419 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jun Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Di-Jing Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Matti M. van Schooneveld
- Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Shvyd'ko Y. X-ray Echo Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:080801. [PMID: 26967404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
X-ray echo spectroscopy, a counterpart of neutron spin echo, is being introduced here to overcome limitations in spectral resolution and weak signals of the traditional inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) probes. An image of a pointlike x-ray source is defocused by a dispersing system comprised of asymmetrically cut specially arranged Bragg diffracting crystals. The defocused image is refocused into a point (echo) in a time-reversal dispersing system. If the defocused beam is inelastically scattered from a sample, the echo signal acquires a spatial distribution, which is a map of the inelastic scattering spectrum. The spectral resolution of the echo spectroscopy does not rely on the monochromaticity of the x rays, ensuring strong signals along with a very high spectral resolution. Particular schemes of x-ray echo spectrometers for 0.1-0.02 meV ultrahigh-resolution IXS applications (resolving power >10^{8}) with broadband ≃5-13 meV dispersing systems are introduced featuring more than 10^{3} signal enhancement. The technique is general, applicable in different photon frequency domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Shvyd'ko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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22
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Huang HY, Jia CJ, Chen ZY, Wohlfeld K, Moritz B, Devereaux TP, Wu WB, Okamoto J, Lee WS, Hashimoto M, He Y, Shen ZX, Yoshida Y, Eisaki H, Mou CY, Chen CT, Huang DJ. Raman and fluorescence characteristics of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering from doped superconducting cuprates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19657. [PMID: 26794437 PMCID: PMC4726252 DOI: 10.1038/srep19657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of spin excitations are essential for an understanding of spin-mediated pairing for superconductivity; and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) provides a considerable opportunity to probe high-energy spin excitations. However, whether RIXS correctly measures the collective spin excitations of doped superconducting cuprates remains under debate. Here we demonstrate distinct Raman- and fluorescence-like RIXS excitations of Bi1.5Pb0.6Sr1.54CaCu2O8+δ. Combining photon-energy and momentum dependent RIXS measurements with theoretical calculations using exact diagonalization provides conclusive evidence that the Raman-like RIXS excitations correspond to collective spin excitations, which are magnons in the undoped Mott insulators and evolve into paramagnons in doped superconducting compounds. In contrast, the fluorescence-like shifts are due primarily to the continuum of particle-hole excitations in the charge channel. Our results show that under the proper experimental conditions RIXS indeed can be used to probe paramagnons in doped high-Tc cuprate superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.,Program of Science and Technology of Synchrotron Light Source, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - C J Jia
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z Y Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - K Wohlfeld
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Moritz
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T P Devereaux
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W B Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - J Okamoto
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - W S Lee
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Hashimoto
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y He
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Z X Shen
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Yoshida
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - H Eisaki
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - C Y Mou
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - C T Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - D J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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