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Pětrošová H, Mikhael A, Culos S, Giraud-Gatineau A, Gomez AM, Sherman ME, Ernst RK, Cameron CE, Picardeau M, Goodlett DR. Lipid A structural diversity among members of the genus Leptospira. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1181034. [PMID: 37303810 PMCID: PMC10248169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1181034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid A is the hydrophobic component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and an activator of the host immune system. Bacteria modify their lipid A structure to adapt to the surrounding environment and, in some cases, to evade recognition by host immune cells. In this study, lipid A structural diversity within the Leptospira genus was explored. The individual Leptospira species have dramatically different pathogenic potential that ranges from non-infectious to life-threatening disease (leptospirosis). Ten distinct lipid A profiles, denoted L1-L10, were discovered across 31 Leptospira reference species, laying a foundation for lipid A-based molecular typing. Tandem MS analysis revealed structural features of Leptospira membrane lipids that might alter recognition of its lipid A by the host innate immune receptors. Results of this study will aid development of strategies to improve diagnosis and surveillance of leptospirosis, as well as guide functional studies on Leptospira lipid A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pětrošová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- University of Victoria Genome British Columbia Proteomics Center, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Abanoub Mikhael
- University of Victoria Genome British Columbia Proteomics Center, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sophie Culos
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Alloysius M. Gomez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Sherman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Caroline E. Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, Paris, France
| | - David R. Goodlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- University of Victoria Genome British Columbia Proteomics Center, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Beltrán OG, Torres Higuera LD, Rodríguez Bautista JL, Patiño Burbano RE. Evaluation of the genetic stability of Leptospira reference strains maintained under two conservation methods. NOVA 2022. [DOI: 10.22490/24629448.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The genetic stability of Strains of Leptospira spp., maintained under two conservation systems, was evaluated. Methodology. The degree of conservation of the 16S rRNA and ompL1 genes of 10 reference serovars from the Leptospira spp. collection, belonging to the Sistema de Bancos de Germoplasma de la Nación para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (SBGNAA), was determined. Results. It was corroborated that the genes evaluated these have not undergone considerable changes, since similarities greater than 99.69 % were evidenced for 16S rRNA and 99.02% for ompL1, in the paired alignments. Conclusion. The genetic stability and purity of the reference strains of Leptospira spp. were verified. spp., kept in cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C and at room temperature for approximately eight years.
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Korba AA, Lounici H, Kainiu M, Vincent AT, Mariet JF, Veyrier FJ, Goarant C, Picardeau M. Leptospira ainlahdjerensis sp. nov., Leptospira ainazelensis sp. nov., Leptospira abararensis sp. nov. and Leptospira chreensis sp. nov., four new species isolated from water sources in Algeria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34914572 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospira strains were isolated from freshwater sampled at four sites in Algeria and characterized by whole-genome sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The cells were spiral-shaped and motile. Phylogenetic and MALDI-TOF MS analyses showed that the strains can be clearly distinguished from the other described species in the genus Leptospira, therefore representing two novel species of the pathogen subclade P1 and two novel species of the saprophyte subclade S1. The names Leptospira ainlahdjerensis sp. nov. (type strain 201903070T=KIT0297T=CIP111912T), Leptospira ainazelensis sp. nov. (201903071T=KIT0298T=CIP111913T), Leptospira abararensis sp. nov. (201903074T=KIT0299T=CIP111914T) and Leptospira chreensis (201903075T=KIT0300T=CIP111915T) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malia Kainiu
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Antony T Vincent
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé-Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fréderic J Veyrier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé-Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cyrille Goarant
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Piredda I, Bertoldi L, Benvenuto G, Palmas B, Pedditzi A, Pintore P, Chisu V. First Isolation and Molecular Typing of Pathogenic and Intermediate Leptospira Species from Urine of Symptomatic Dogs. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120304. [PMID: 34941830 PMCID: PMC8706502 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of this study was to evaluate, the presence and diversity of Leptospira spp. in blood and urine samples collected from 175 owned-dogs from Sardinia, Italy. After determination of leptospiral infection by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), urine from MAT-positive dogs were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipL32 rt-PCR) and then isolated by culture. In order to characterize obtained serovars, positive cultures were then subjected to 16S rRNA and secY sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Results showed that seven dogs (4%; 95% CI: 0-55) had Leptospira DNAs in their urine and five strains were isolated from urine cultures. The three different sequence types (ST17, ST198 and ST24) belonging to Leptospira interrogans genomospecies identified by MLST analyses in this study, confirmed that the leptospiral infection was widespread in Sardinian dogs. We also reported the first characterization of a new Leptospira spp. isolated from urine of one dog living in the study area. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, confirmed that this genospecies was closely related to Leptospira hovindhougenii, an intermediate Leptospira spp. with unknown pathogenicity previously isolated from a rat in Denmark. Further studies are required to clarify whether healthy dogs that shed leptospires in their urine could represent a zoonotic risk for humans in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Piredda
- Laboratory of Seroimmunology, Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (B.P.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0792892329
| | - Loris Bertoldi
- BMR Genomics s.r.l., 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Bruna Palmas
- Laboratory of Seroimmunology, Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (B.P.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Aureliana Pedditzi
- Laboratory of Seroimmunology, Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (B.P.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Pierangela Pintore
- Laboratory of Seroimmunology, Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (B.P.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentina Chisu
- Laboratory of Seroimmunology, Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (B.P.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (V.C.)
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Nakao R, Masuzawa T, Nakamura S, Koizumi N. Complete Genome Sequence of Leptospira kobayashii Strain E30, Isolated from Soil in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0090721. [PMID: 34761960 PMCID: PMC8582313 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00907-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spirochete bacterium Leptospira kobayashii is a recently designated species of the genus Leptospira. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of L. kobayashii strain E30, consisting of two circular chromosomes and two plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Masuzawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Levett PN, Picardeau M. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Leptospiraceae Minutes of the closed meeting, 10 July 2019, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34424834 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Levett
- BC Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Piredda I, Ponti MN, Palmas B, Noworol M, Pedditzi A, Rebechesu L, Chisu V. Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Leptospira Species Isolated from Wild Mammal Reservoirs in Sardinia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041109. [PMID: 33924303 PMCID: PMC8069414 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. Humans can become infected with these bacteria through direct contact with urine from infected animals or indirectly through interaction with a urine contaminated environment. Among wildlife species, rodents are considered the primary reservoir hosts for leptospirosis in rural and urban environments. Epidemiological data, regarding leptospirosis in various wild species in Europe, suggest that these animals play a different role in leptospiral persistence. Unfortunately, studies on the presence and typing of Leptospira species in wild mammals are lacking in Sardinia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira species in wild mammals. Kidneys collected from carcasses were analyzed by culture and molecular testing. Greater positivity was found in hedgehogs, followed by weasels and rodents. The results obtained suggest that Sardinian fauna may play a possible sentinel role in the transmission cycle of leptospirosis to humans. Gathering this information in different wildlife species is crucial for better understanding of the epidemiology of leptospirosis and for the development of appropriate prevention measures. Abstract Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of Leptospira that infect a large spectrum of domestic and wild animals. This study is the first molecular identification, characterization, and phylogeny of Leptospira strains with veterinary and zoonotic impact in Sardinian wild hosts. All samples collected were cultured and analyzed by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Sequencing, phylogenetic analyses (based on rrs and secY sequences), and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) based on the analysis of seven concatenated loci were also performed. Results revealed the detection of Leptospira DNA and cultured isolates in 21% and 4% of the samples examined, respectively. Sequence analysis of Leptospira positive samples highlighted the presence of the interrogans and borgpetersenii genospecies that grouped in strongly supported monophyletic clades. MLST analyses identified six different Sequence Types (ST) that clustered in two monophyletic groups specific for Leptospirainterrogans, and L. borgpetersenii. This study provided about the prevalence of leptospires in wild mammals in Sardinia, and increased our knowledge of this pathogen on the island. Monitoring Leptospira strains circulating in Sardinia will help clinicians and veterinarians develop strategic plans for the prevention and control of leptospiral infections.
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Detection and modeling of anti- Leptospira IgG prevalence in cats from Lisbon area and its correlation to retroviral infections, lifestyle, clinical and hematologic changes. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100144. [PMID: 33204894 PMCID: PMC7648175 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of global importance caused by Leptospira species. Rodents are the main reservoirs, known to shed the bacteria in urine, thus contaminating water and soil and infecting other animals and people. Leptospirosis has been re-emerging in both developing and developed countries including Europe. It has been hypothesized that cats could be asymptomatic carriers of Leptospira. This study aims to evaluate cats' exposure to Leptospira in Lisbon, Portugal, by measuring IgG titres and correlating them with possible factors that may increase the risk of exposure in urban cats. Two hundred and forty-three samples were collected from the biobank. An ELISA test followed by a seroprevalence analysis using a finite mixture model was performed to detect and measure anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies titres. In parallel, a survey was conducted to identify possible risk factors for seropositivity. According to the ELISA test protocol, only twenty-three cats (9.5%; 95% CI =(6.1%;13.9%)) could be considered as seropositive to Leptospira antigens. However, when the same data were analysed by the best different mixture models, one hundred and forty-four cats (59.3%; 95%CI = (52.8%; 65.5%)) could be classified as intermediate and high antibody responders to Leptospira antigens. Seropositivity to Feline Immunodeficiency Virus infection (FIV) was found to be the only significant risk factor associated with anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies. In conclusion, the present studies raises the possibility of a higher exposure of cats to Leptospira than previously thought due to the identification of a subpopulation of cats with intermediate antibody levels.
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Key Words
- ALP, serum alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CBC, complete blood count
- CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FIV positive
- FIV, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus infection
- FeLV, Feline Leukemia Virus
- Free-roaming cats
- IDIU, Infectious Diseases Isolation Unit
- IgG
- IgG, Immunoglobulin G
- Leptospirosis
- MAT, microscopic agglutination tests
- One Health
- PAHO, Pan American Health organization
- USG, Urine Specific Gravity
- VTH, Veterinary Teaching Hospital
- WHO, World Health organization
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Masuzawa T, Uno R, Matsuhashi N, Yamaguchi M, Xu J, Nakamura S. Comparison of Leptospira species isolated from environmental water and soil in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:469-473. [PMID: 31444810 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptospira was isolated from environmental water in central Japan using selective medium comprising five antibiotics, namely sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amphotericin B, fosfomycin, and 5-fluorouracil. Of 100 water samples 57 (57%) were culture-positive and 50 pure cultures were isolated. Of the 50 cultures isolated from water 48 were classified into a saprophytic clade on the basis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. However, it was previously reported that isolates from soil in Japan belonged to pathogenic, intermediate, and saprophytic clades, the current findings suggest less diversity of Leptospira species in environmental water than that in soil in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Masuzawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science (CIS), Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rurika Uno
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science (CIS), Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nana Matsuhashi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science (CIS), Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science (CIS), Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Oren A, Garrity G. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:2627-2629. [PMID: 31478825 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George Garrity
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA
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Azhari NN, Abdul Manaf R, Ng SW, Shakeeb Arsalaan Bajunid SFB, Mohd Gobil AR, Saad WZ, Amin Nordin S. Gamification, a Successful Method to Foster Leptospirosis Knowledge among University Students: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122108. [PMID: 31207881 PMCID: PMC6616438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that has been reported in Malaysia and has been associated with a recent trend of recreational activities among the youth. Thus, efforts such as educational interventions among high-risk populations, especially the youth, are key to increasing public awareness regarding leptospirosis. This paper presents the findings of a pilot study wherein an educational intervention using a gamification intervention method was used to determine changes in leptospirosis knowledge among youth. On this note, students from a public university in Seremban district, Malaysia, were recruited and were asked to complete questionnaires before and after gamification activities. Baseline and immediate post-intervention data on leptospirosis knowledge were obtained. The total knowledge score was calculated, and differences in the mean pre- and post-intervention knowledge score were determined. Of the total 185 questionnaires that were completed at baseline and immediately post-intervention, only 168 that belonged to respondents who had heard of leptospirosis were analysed in this paper. A significant increase in leptospirosis knowledge was observed for the students following health education by gamification (p < 0.01). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of an educational intervention using gamification in improving leptospirosis knowledge among youth and suggest that gamification could become an efficient tool to prevent the disease within university-age demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Natasya Azhari
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosliza Abdul Manaf
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shing Wei Ng
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Abdul Rahman Mohd Gobil
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, Seremban 70300, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Zuhainis Saad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Syafinaz Amin Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Medical Education Research and Innovation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
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