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Hederström V, Ekroos J, Friberg M, Krausl T, Opedal ØH, Persson AS, Petrén H, Quan Y, Smith HG, Clough Y. Pollinator-mediated effects of landscape-scale land use on grassland plant community composition and ecosystem functioning - seven hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:675-698. [PMID: 38118437 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change is disrupting mutualisms between organisms worldwide. Reported declines in insect populations and changes in pollinator community compositions in response to land use and other environmental drivers have put the spotlight on the need to conserve pollinators. While this is often motivated by their role in supporting crop yields, the role of pollinators for reproduction and resulting taxonomic and functional assembly in wild plant communities has received less attention. Recent findings suggest that observed and experimental gradients in pollinator availability can affect plant community composition, but we know little about when such shifts are to be expected, or the impact they have on ecosystem functioning. Correlations between plant traits related to pollination and plant traits related to other important ecosystem functions, such as productivity, nitrogen uptake or palatability to herbivores, lead us to expect non-random shifts in ecosystem functioning in response to changes in pollinator communities. At the same time, ecological and evolutionary processes may counteract these effects of pollinator declines, limiting changes in plant community composition, and in ecosystem functioning. Despite calls to investigate community- and ecosystem-level impacts of reduced pollination, the study of pollinator effects on plants has largely been confined to impacts on plant individuals or single-species populations. With this review we aim to break new ground by bringing together aspects of landscape ecology, ecological and evolutionary plant-insect interactions, and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research, to generate new ideas and hypotheses about the ecosystem-level consequences of pollinator declines in response to land-use change, using grasslands as a focal system. Based on an integrated set of seven hypotheses, we call for more research investigating the putative pollinator-mediated links between landscape-scale land use and ecosystem functioning. In particular, future research should use combinations of experimental and observational approaches to assess the effects of changes in pollinator communities over multiple years and across species on plant communities and on trait distributions both within and among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hederström
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Theresia Krausl
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Øystein H Opedal
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anna S Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Hampus Petrén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Quan
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
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Chai M, Li R, Li B, Wu H, Yu L. Responses of mangrove (Kandelia obovata) growth, photosynthesis, and rhizosphere soil properties to microplastic pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114827. [PMID: 36931158 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used Kandelia obovata to explore the toxicities of three typical MPs in mangroves: polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinylchloride. MPs were mixed into soils at 5 % (w/w) for cultivation in mangrove tide-tank system. Plant growth and soil characteristics were determined after 12 months. The results showed that MPs multiply restricted root growth, leaf ionome, chlorophyll concentration, and photosynthetic efficiency, changed leaf photochemical efficiency and excited energy distribution. Polyethylene and polypropylene MPs with 150 μm sizes significantly reduced leaf and root biomass. As for soil properties, all MPs mainly reduced bulk density but improved porosity, with 600 μm polyethylene resulting in 1.4 g cm-3 bulk density and 55.1 % porosity. This study represent the first paper highlighting that MPs negatively affect mangrove plants by affecting plant growth, leaf ionome, and photosynthesis, which may be related with the changed soil properties, especially reduced bulk density and improved porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Chai
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ruili Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Hailun Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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3
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Neff F, Lehmann MM, Moretti M, Pellissier L, Gossner MM. Tracking sucking herbivory with nitrogen isotope labelling: Lessons from an individual trait-based approach. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chai M, Li R, Shen X, Yu L, Han J. Multiple heavy metals affect root response, iron plaque formation, and metal bioaccumulation of Kandelia obovata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14389. [PMID: 35999231 PMCID: PMC9399144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple heavy metal pollution in mangrove wetlands is serious. Kandelia obovata seedlings were cultured in pots in which lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were added separately and in combinations. The results showed that heavy metal stress improved the rate of root oxygen leakage, enhanced root activity, and reduced root porosity. The root under single heavy metal stress was impacted by the addition of other heavy metals, demonstrating antagonistic or synergistic effects. Iron plaque (IP) formation was improved under single Zn or Cu stress, and inhibited in binary stress of Pb + Cu. The adsorptions of IP on heavy metals in combined stress (Pb, 62–116 μg g−1; Zn, 194–207 μg g−1; Cu, 35–52 μg g−1) were higher than that in single stress (Pb, 18 μg g−1; Zn, 163 μg g−1; Cu, 22 μg g−1). K. obovata accumulated higher levels of heavy metals in root (Pb, 7–200 μg g−1; Cu, 4–78 μg g−1), compared with IP (Pb, 18–116 μg g−1; Cu, 22–52 μg g−1), stem (Pb, 3–7 μg g−1; Cu, 9–17 μg g−1), and leaf (Pb, 2–4 μg g−1; Cu, 4–7 μg g−1). Correlation analysis showed that single and binary stresses affected K. obovata, with more significant effect of trinary stress. Regression path analysis showed that multiple heavy metal stress firstly affected root, then indirectly contributed to IP formation, as well as heavy metal in IP and root; at last, heavy metal in IP directly contributed to heavy metal bioaccumulations in root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Chai
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruili Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Shen
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Lemoine NP. Phenology dictates the impact of climate change on geographic distributions of six co-occurring North American grasshoppers. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18575-18590. [PMID: 35003694 PMCID: PMC8717342 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the last century, climate change has altered the geographic distributions of many species. Insects, in particular, vary in their ability to track changing climates, and it is likely that phenology is an important determinant of how well insects can either expand or shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change. Grasshoppers are an ideal group to test the hypothesis that phenology correlates with range expansion, given that co-occurring confamilial, and even congeneric, species can differ in phenology. Here, I tested the hypothesis that early- and late-season species should possess different range expansion potentials, as estimated by habitat suitability from ecological niche models. I used nine different modeling techniques to estimate habitat suitability of six grasshopper species of varying phenology under two climate scenarios for the year 2050. My results suggest that, of the six species examined here, early-season species were more sensitive to climate change than late-season species. The three early-season species examined here might shift northward during the spring, while the modeled geographic distributions of the three late-season species were generally constant under climate change, likely because they were pre-adapted to hot and dry conditions. Phenology might therefore be a good predictor of how insect distributions might change in the future, but this hypothesis remains to be tested at a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Lemoine
- Department of Biological SciencesMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Department of ZoologyMilwaukee Public MuseumMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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Descombes P, Pitteloud C, Glauser G, Defossez E, Kergunteuil A, Allard PM, Rasmann S, Pellissier L. Novel trophic interactions under climate change promote alpine plant coexistence. Science 2020; 370:1469-1473. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Descombes
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Unit of Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Defossez
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alan Kergunteuil
- UMR 1121 UL-INRAE Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, 54518 Vandoeuvre‐lès‐Nancy, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSW), University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Schmitz OJ, Leroux SJ. Food Webs and Ecosystems: Linking Species Interactions to the Carbon Cycle. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All species within ecosystems contribute to regulating carbon cycling because of their functional integration into food webs. Yet carbon modeling and accounting still assumes that only plants, microbes, and invertebrate decomposer species are relevant to the carbon cycle. Our multifaceted review develops a case for considering a wider range of species, especially herbivorous and carnivorous wild animals. Animal control over carbon cycling is shaped by the animals’ stoichiometric needs and functional traits in relation to the stoichiometry and functional traits of their resources. Quantitative synthesis reveals that failing to consider these mechanisms can lead to serious inaccuracies in the carbon budget. Newer carbon-cycle models that consider food-web structure based on organismal functional traits and stoichiometry can offer mechanistically informed predictions about the magnitudes of animal effects that will help guide new empirical research aimed at developing a coherent understanding of the interactions and importance of all species within food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswald J. Schmitz
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Shawn J. Leroux
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
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Le Provost G, Badenhausser I, Violle C, Requier F, D’Ottavio M, Roncoroni M, Gross L, Gross N. Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2020; 36:281-295. [PMID: 33505122 PMCID: PMC7810634 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-020-01141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. OBJECTIVES We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. METHODS We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant-bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. RESULTS Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of land-use history on bee communities were as strong as those of current land use, such as grassland or mass-flowering crop cover in the landscape. CONCLUSIONS Habitat loss that occurred long ago in agricultural landscapes alters the relationship between plants and bees over time. The retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive agricultural landscapes can offset bee decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtane Le Provost
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- INRAE, USC 1339, Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBIK-F, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- INRAE, USC 1339, Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- INRAE, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies Plantes Fourragères, 86600 Lusignan, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry 3, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Requier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie D’Ottavio
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- INRAE, USC 1339, Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC C.P. 8888 Canada
| | - Marilyn Roncoroni
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- INRAE, USC 1339, Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Louis Gross
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- INRAE, USC 1339, Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- INRAE, UR 0633, URZF Unité de Recherche Zoologie Forestière, 45075 Orléans, France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Ostandie N, Muneret L, Giffard B, Thiéry D, Rusch A. The shape of the predator biomass distribution affects biological pest control services in agricultural landscapes. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Ostandie
- INRAE ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Lucile Muneret
- INRAE ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble Villenave d'Ornon France
- INRAE UMR 1347 Agroécologie Agro Sup Dijon Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Brice Giffard
- INRAE ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRAE ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Adrien Rusch
- INRAE ISVV UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble Villenave d'Ornon France
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Brousseau PM, Gravel D, Handa IT. Traits of litter-dwelling forest arthropod predators and detritivores covary spatially with traits of their resources. Ecology 2019; 100:e02815. [PMID: 31287928 PMCID: PMC6852231 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The functional trait approach proposes that relating traits of organisms within a community to variation in abiotic and biotic characteristics of their environment will provide insight on the mechanisms of community assembly. As traits at a given trophic level might act as filters for the selection of traits at another trophic level, we hypothesized that traits of consumers and of their resources covary in space. We evaluated complementary predictions about top‐down (negative) and bottom‐up (positive) trait covariation in a detrital food web. Additionally, we tested whether positive trait covariation was better explained by the Resource Concentration Hypothesis (i.e., most commonly represented trait values attract abundant consumers) or the Resource Specialization Hypothesis (i.e., resource diversity increases niche availability for the consumers). Macroarthopods were collected with pitfall traps over two summers in three forested sites of southern Quebec in 110 plots that varied in tree species composition. Six feeding traits of consumers (detritivores and predators) and six palatability traits of their resources (leaf litter and prey) were matched to assess spatial covariation. Trait matches included consumer biting force/resource toughness, detritivore mandibular gape/leaf thickness, predator/prey body size ratio, etc. Our results demonstrate for the first time a covariation between feeding traits of detritivores and palatability traits of leaf litter (31–34%), and between feeding traits of litter‐dwelling predators and palatability traits of potential prey (38–44%). The observed positive covariation supports both the Resource Concentration Hypothesis and Resource Specialization Hypothesis. Spatial covariation of consumer and resource traits provides a new tool to partially predict the structure of the detrital food web. Nonetheless, top‐down regulation remains difficult to confirm. Further research on top‐down processes will be undoubtedly necessary to refine our capacity to interpret the effect of biotic interactions on co‐distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Marc Brousseau
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Canada Research Chair in Integrative Ecology, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2X9, Canada
| | - I Tanya Handa
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, H2X 1Y4, Canada
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Wong MKL, Guénard B, Lewis OT. Trait-based ecology of terrestrial arthropods. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:999-1022. [PMID: 30548743 PMCID: PMC6849530 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In focusing on how organisms' generalizable functional properties (traits) interact mechanistically with environments across spatial scales and levels of biological organization, trait-based approaches provide a powerful framework for attaining synthesis, generality and prediction. Trait-based research has considerably improved understanding of the assembly, structure and functioning of plant communities. Further advances in ecology may be achieved by exploring the trait-environment relationships of non-sessile, heterotrophic organisms such as terrestrial arthropods, which are geographically ubiquitous, ecologically diverse, and often important functional components of ecosystems. Trait-based studies and trait databases have recently been compiled for groups such as ants, bees, beetles, butterflies, spiders and many others; however, the explicit justification, conceptual framework, and primary-evidence base for the burgeoning field of 'terrestrial arthropod trait-based ecology' have not been well established. Consequently, there is some confusion over the scope and relevance of this field, as well as a tendency for studies to overlook important assumptions of the trait-based approach. Here we aim to provide a broad and accessible overview of the trait-based ecology of terrestrial arthropods. We first define and illustrate foundational concepts in trait-based ecology with respect to terrestrial arthropods, and justify the application of trait-based approaches to the study of their ecology. Next, we review studies in community ecology where trait-based approaches have been used to elucidate how assembly processes for terrestrial arthropod communities are influenced by niche filtering along environmental gradients (e.g. climatic, structural, and land-use gradients) and by abiotic and biotic disturbances (e.g. fire, floods, and biological invasions). We also review studies in ecosystem ecology where trait-based approaches have been used to investigate biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships: how the functional diversity of arthropod communities relates to a host of ecosystem functions and services that they mediate, such as decomposition, pollination and predation. We then suggest how future work can address fundamental assumptions and limitations by investigating trait functionality and the effects of intraspecific variation, assessing the potential for sampling methods to bias the traits and trait values observed, and enhancing the quality and consolidation of trait information in databases. A roadmap to guide observational trait-based studies is also presented. Lastly, we highlight new areas where trait-based studies on terrestrial arthropods are well positioned to advance ecological understanding and application. These include examining the roles of competitive, non-competitive and (multi-)trophic interactions in shaping coexistence, and macro-scaling trait-environment relationships to explain and predict patterns in biodiversity and ecosystem functions across space and time. We hope this review will spur and guide future applications of the trait-based framework to advance ecological insights from the most diverse eukaryotic organisms on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K. L. Wong
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxford, OX1 3PSU.K.
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences BuildingHong KongSARChina
| | - Owen T. Lewis
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxford, OX1 3PSU.K.
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12
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Speed JDM, Austrheim G, Kolstad AL, Solberg EJ. Long-term changes in northern large-herbivore communities reveal differential rewilding rates in space and time. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217166. [PMID: 31112579 PMCID: PMC6528981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivores have important impacts on ecological and ecosystem dynamics. Population density and species composition are both important determinants of these impacts. Large herbivore communities are shifting in many parts of the world driven by changes in livestock management and exploitation of wild populations. In this study, we analyse changes in large herbivore community structure over 66 years in Norway, with a focus on the contribution of wildlife and livestock. We calculate metabolic biomass of all large-herbivore species across the whole region between 1949 and 2015. Temporal and spatial patterns in herbivore community change are investigated and we test hypotheses that changes in wildlife biomass are driven by competition with livestock. We find that total herbivore biomass decreased from 1949 to a minimum in 1969 due to decreases in livestock biomass. Increasing wild herbivore populations lead to an increase in total herbivore biomass by 2009. Herbivore communities have thus reverted from a livestock dominated state in 1949 (2% of large herbivore metabolic biomass comprised of wildlife species) to a state with roughly equal wildlife and livestock (48% of metabolic biomass comprised of wildlife species). Declines in livestock biomass were a modest predictor of wildlife increases, suggesting that competition with livestock has not been a major limiting factor of wild herbivore populations over the past decades. Instead there was strong geographic variation in herbivore community change, with milder lowland regions becoming more dominated by wild species, but colder mountain and northern regions remaining dominated by livestock. Our findings indicate that there has been notable rewilding of herbivore communities and herbivore-ecosystem interactions in Norway, particularly in milder lowland regions. However, Norwegian herbivores remain mostly regulated by management, and our findings call for integrated management of wild and domestic herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. M. Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Gunnar Austrheim
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Lorentzen Kolstad
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Kissick AL, Dunning JB, Fernandez-Juricic E, Holland JD. Different responses of predator and prey functional diversity to fragmentation. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1853-1866. [PMID: 30007101 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of functional diversity, or the range of species' ecological roles in a community, is a rapidly expanding area in ecology. Given the extent that ecosystems are being altered, effort should shift toward assessing variation in functional diversity across landscapes with the goal of improving land use management decisions. We construct a workflow that creates three-dimensional surfaces and maps of functional diversity to examine changes in beetle functional diversity across an Indiana, USA landscape. We sampled 105 prey wood-borer and predator beetle species along a gradient of forest fragmentation across Indiana and used a number of functional traits from literature sources to capture their functional roles. We developed newly measured functional traits to estimate several traits relevant to beetles' ecological function that was unknown and not easily measured. Functional diversity indices (FRic, FDis, FDiv, and FEve) were calculated from species abundance and functional traits and used to assess changes in functional diversity along the fragmentation gradient. We predicted that habitat fragmentation would have a greater negative impact on predator beetle functional diversity than prey wood-borer functional diversity. Landscape metrics most important to the functional diversity of both wood-borer and predator beetle communities were landscape division index (LDI, an assessment of landscape subdivision) and mean shape index (MSI, a measure of patch shape complexity). Overall, three-dimensional surfaces of functional diversity and functional diversity maps across the Indiana landscape revealed that beetle functional diversity was greatest with minimal landscape subdivision. Opposite to what we predicted, we found that the prey wood-borer functional diversity was more negatively impacted by LDI than the predator beetle functional diversity. Furthermore, predator beetle functional diversity was greater with increasing MSI. The map predicted predator FRic to be highest in forested areas with intact habitat and also less sensitive to habitat fragmentation adjacent to more continuous forest. We propose that land management may be guided by revealing landscapes that are most appropriate for maximizing functional diversity of multiple communities or shifting the relative abundance within prey and beneficial predator beetle functional groups with the use of three-dimensional plots or maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Kissick
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - John B Dunning
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Holland
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
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Laws AN, Prather CM, Branson DH, Pennings SC. Effects of grasshoppers on prairies: Herbivore composition matters more than richness in three grassland ecosystems. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1727-1737. [PMID: 30102785 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how biodiversity affects ecosystem processes is a key question in ecology. Previous research has found that increasing plant diversity often enhances many ecosystem processes, but less is known about the role of consumer diversity to ecosystem processes, especially in terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, we do not know how general biodiversity responses are among ecosystem types. We examined the role of insect herbivore (Orthoptera) diversity on plant production using parallel field experiments in three grassland ecosystems (mixed grass prairie, tallgrass prairie and coastal tallgrass prairie) to determine whether the effects of grasshopper diversity were consistent among sites. Using mesocosms, we manipulated orthopteran species richness (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 species), functional richness (number of functional feeding groups present; 0, 1 or 2 functional groups) and functional composition (composition of functional groups present; mixed-feeders only, grass-feeders only, both mixed-feeders and grass-feeders). Diversity treatments were maintained throughout the experiment by replacing dead individuals. Plant biomass was destructively sampled at the end of the experiment. We found no effect of species richness or functional richness on plant biomass. However, herbivore functional composition was important, and effects were qualitatively similar across sites: The presence of only grass-feeding species reduced plant biomass more than either mixed-feeding species alone or both groups together. Orthopterans had consistent effects across a range of abiotic conditions, as well as different plant community and orthopteran community compositions. Our results suggest that functional composition of insect herbivores affects plant communities in grasslands more than herbivore species richness or functional richness, and this pattern was robust among grassland types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Laws
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chelse M Prather
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - David H Branson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, Montana
| | - Steven C Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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15
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Brousseau PM, Gravel D, Handa IT. On the development of a predictive functional trait approach for studying terrestrial arthropods. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1209-1220. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Marc Brousseau
- Département des Sciences Biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie; Canada Research Chair on Integrative Ecology; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Ira Tanya Handa
- Département des Sciences Biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
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Brousseau P, Gravel D, Handa IT. Trait matching and phylogeny as predictors of predator–prey interactions involving ground beetles. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre‐Marc Brousseau
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal Montreal QC Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Canada Research Chair in Integrative EcologyDépartement de biologieUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - I. Tanya Handa
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal Montreal QC Canada
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18
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Le Provost G, Gross N, Börger L, Deraison H, Roncoroni M, Badenhausser I. Trait‐matching and mass effect determine the functional response of herbivore communities to land‐use intensification. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtane Le Provost
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Departamento de Ciencias Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología Universidad Rey Juan Carlos C/ Tulipán s/n 28933 Móstoles Spain
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Singleton Park SwanseaSA2 8PP UK
| | - Hélène Deraison
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
| | - Marilyn Roncoroni
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- INRA USC 1339 (Station d'Ecologie de Chizé – La Rochelle – CNRS) F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
- LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre CNRS F‐79360 Villiers en Bois France
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19
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Food Preference in Relation to Resource Toughness and Protein Level in a Pond Dwelling Tadpole. J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1670/15-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Borgström P, Strengbom J, Marini L, Viketoft M, Bommarco R. Above- and belowground insect herbivory modifies the response of a grassland plant community to nitrogen eutrophication. Ecology 2017; 98:545-554. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Borgström
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- DAFNAE; University of Padova; Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro Padua Italy
| | - Maria Viketoft
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
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Xu M, Dick JTA, Ricciardi A, Fang M, Zhang C, Gu D, Mu X, Luo D, Wei H, Hu Y. Warming mediates the relationship between plant nutritional properties and herbivore functional responses. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8777-8784. [PMID: 28035268 PMCID: PMC5192962 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the per capita effects of invasive alien species is crucial for assessing their ecological impact. A major challenge to risk assessment of invasive species was to understand the factors that cause per capita effects to vary in different ecological contexts, particularly in a warming world. By conducting functional response experiments, we estimated the per capita effects (attack rate and maximum feeding rate) of an invasive herbivorous snail, Pomacea canaliculata, toward ten host plant species. We tested whether variation in these effects is related to plant nutritional and physical properties (total N and dry matter content (DMC)) and examined how increasing temperature can shift these relationships. We observed stronger per capita effects (i.e., higher attack rate and maximum feeding rate) by the snail on plants with higher total N, but no direct relationship was found with DMC. A significant interaction effect of total N and DMC on the attack rate indicated that DMC probably adjusted the feeding indirectly. Warmer temperatures reduced correlations between snail functional responses and host plant nutritional properties (total N) by increasing maximum feeding rate for plants of low nutrition, but there was no such effect on attack rates. However, given the nonreplacement design used in our study, the nonsignificant effect of temperature on the attack rate should be caveated. Our result suggests that characterizing the per capita effects of herbivores using functional responses can reveal the mechanisms by which climate change may alter herbivore-plant interactions and, thus, the ecological impacts of introduced herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesKey Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and CultivationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Jaimie T. A. Dick
- Institute for Global Food SecuritySchool of Biological SciencesQueen's University Belfast, MBCBelfastUK
| | | | - Miao Fang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesKey Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and CultivationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Canyu Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesKey Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and CultivationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dangen Gu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesKey Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and CultivationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Xidong Mu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesKey Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and CultivationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Du Luo
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesKey Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and CultivationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Wei
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesKey Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and CultivationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Yinchang Hu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesKey Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and CultivationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
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Fournier B, Mouly A, Gillet F. Multiple Assembly Rules Drive the Co-occurrence of Orthopteran and Plant Species in Grasslands: Combining Network, Functional and Phylogenetic Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1224. [PMID: 27582754 PMCID: PMC4987333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors underlying the co-occurrence of multiple species remains a challenge in ecology. Biotic interactions, environmental filtering and neutral processes are among the main mechanisms evoked to explain species co-occurrence. However, they are most often studied separately or even considered as mutually exclusive. This likely hampers a more global understanding of species assembly. Here, we investigate the general hypothesis that the structure of co-occurrence networks results from multiple assembly rules and its potential implications for grassland ecosystems. We surveyed orthopteran and plant communities in 48 permanent grasslands of the French Jura Mountains and gathered functional and phylogenetic data for all species. We constructed a network of plant and orthopteran species co-occurrences and verified whether its structure was modular or nested. We investigated the role of all species in the structure of the network (modularity and nestedness). We also investigated the assembly rules driving the structure of the plant-orthopteran co-occurrence network by using null models on species functional traits, phylogenetic relatedness and environmental conditions. We finally compared our results to abundance-based approaches. We found that the plant-orthopteran co-occurrence network had a modular organization. Community assembly rules differed among modules for plants while interactions with plants best explained the distribution of orthopterans into modules. Few species had a disproportionately high positive contribution to this modular organization and are likely to have a key importance to modulate future changes. The impact of agricultural practices was restricted to some modules (3 out of 5) suggesting that shifts in agricultural practices might not impact the entire plant-orthopteran co-occurrence network. These findings support our hypothesis that multiple assembly rules drive the modular structure of the plant-orthopteran network. This modular structure is likely to play a key role in the response of grassland ecosystems to future changes by limiting the impact of changes in agricultural practices such as intensification to some modules leaving species from other modules poorly impacted. The next step is to understand the importance of this modular structure for the long-term maintenance of grassland ecosystem structure and functions as well as to develop tools to integrate network structure into models to improve their capacity to predict future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Fournier
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BesançonFrance
| | - Arnaud Mouly
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BesançonFrance
- Jardin botanique de la ville de Besançon et de l’Université de Franche-Comté, BesançonFrance
| | - François Gillet
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BesançonFrance
- Ecological Systems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneSwitzerland
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Ramamonjisoa N, Rakotonoely H, Natuhara Y. Animal or Algal Materials: Food Toughness, Food Concentration, and Competitor Density Influence Food Choice in an Omnivorous Tadpole. HERPETOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-15-00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Loranger J, Blonder B, Garnier É, Shipley B, Vile D, Violle C. Occupancy and overlap in trait space along a successional gradient in Mediterranean old fields. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1050-1060. [PMID: 27307209 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Secondary succession is a worldwide phenomenon affecting plant communities. Studying functional variation during succession aids in understanding the mechanisms through which environmental shifts drive succession. We investigated changes in the functional space occupied by herbaceous communities during succession. Furthermore, since different traits are differently affected by environmental conditions, we asked how considering different sets of plant traits impacts those changes. METHODS Using a chronosequence of Mediterranean old fields (2-42 yr after abandonment), we analyzed shifts of the occupied functional space during succession, how the volume of occupied functional space varies compared with null expectations, and the functional overlap between communities of different successional status. We repeated these analyses considering (1) the leaf-height-seed functional dimensions separately and together and (2) different sets of traits representing those dimensions. KEY RESULTS From early to late succession, a shift toward nutrient conservative-light competitive species occurred. Functional strategies of mid-successional communities appeared more diverse than expected by chance and less diverse than expected for early and late communities. Early and middle stages overlapped the most. These patterns were generally robust to the choice of functional axes, though important trait-specific exceptions occurred. CONCLUSIONS We showed evidence for a well-defined history of successive dominance of different assembly mechanisms along succession, resulting in a generally stronger functional diversification in mid-succession. We also demonstrated that different traits typically grouped under one functional dimension can substantially affect the results, discouraging the use of surrogate traits from the same dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Loranger
- CNRS, Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR 5175), 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 blv. de l'Université, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Éric Garnier
- CNRS, Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR 5175), 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bill Shipley
- Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 blv. de l'Université, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Denis Vile
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), UMR759, INRA-SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CNRS, Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR 5175), 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Bartomeus I, Gravel D, Tylianakis JM, Aizen MA, Dickie IA, Bernard‐Verdier M. A common framework for identifying linkage rules across different types of interactions. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Bartomeus
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Avda. Américo Vespucio s⁄n, Isla de la Cartuja E‐41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie Faculté des Sciences Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard Université Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Jason M. Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
| | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Laboratorio Ecotono‐CRUB Universidad Nacional del Comahue and INIBIOMA Quintral 1250 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- Bio‐protection Research Centre Lincoln University PO Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand
| | - Maud Bernard‐Verdier
- Bio‐protection Research Centre Lincoln University PO Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand
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Duncan C, Thompson JR, Pettorelli N. The quest for a mechanistic understanding of biodiversity-ecosystem services relationships. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20151348. [PMID: 26468240 PMCID: PMC4633867 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem services (ES) approaches to biodiversity conservation are currently high on the ecological research and policy agendas. However, despite a wealth of studies into biodiversity's role in maintaining ES (B-ES relationships) across landscapes, we still lack generalities in the nature and strengths of these linkages. Reasons for this are manifold, but can largely be attributed to (i) a lack of adherence to definitions and thus a confusion between final ES and the ecosystem functions (EFs) underpinning them, (ii) a focus on uninformative biodiversity indices and singular hypotheses and (iii) top-down analyses across large spatial scales and overlooking of context-dependency. The biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (B-EF) field provides an alternate context for examining biodiversity's mechanistic role in shaping ES, focusing on species' characteristics that may drive EFs via multiple mechanisms across contexts. Despite acknowledgements of a need for B-ES research to look towards underlying B-EF linkages, the connections between these areas of research remains weak. With this review, we pull together recent B-EF findings to identify key areas for future developments in B-ES research. We highlight a means by which B-ES research may begin to identify how and when multiple underlying B-EF relationships may scale to final ES delivery and trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Duncan
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Julian R Thompson
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
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Deraison H, Badenhausser I, Loeuille N, Scherber C, Gross N. Functional trait diversity across trophic levels determines herbivore impact on plant community biomass. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1346-55. [PMID: 26439435 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the consequences of trophic interactions for ecosystem functioning is challenging, as contrasting effects of species and functional diversity can be expected across trophic levels. We experimentally manipulated functional identity and diversity of grassland insect herbivores and tested their impact on plant community biomass. Herbivore resource acquisition traits, i.e. mandible strength and the diversity of mandibular traits, had more important effects on plant biomass than body size. Higher herbivore functional diversity increased overall impact on plant biomass due to feeding niche complementarity. Higher plant functional diversity limited biomass pre-emption by herbivores. The functional diversity within and across trophic levels therefore regulates the impact of functionally contrasting consumers on primary producers. By experimentally manipulating the functional diversity across trophic levels, our study illustrates how trait-based approaches constitute a promising way to tackle existing links between trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Deraison
- UMR7372, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.,USC1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.,LTER, ZA Plaine & Val de Sèvre, CNRS, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- UMR7372, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.,USC1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.,LTER, ZA Plaine & Val de Sèvre, CNRS, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (UPMC-CNRS-IRD-INRA-UPEC-Paris Diderot), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7618, 7 quai St Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christoph Scherber
- DNPW, Agroecology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gross
- UMR7372, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.,USC1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, Villiers en Bois, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.,LTER, ZA Plaine & Val de Sèvre, CNRS, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
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Hines J, van der Putten WH, De Deyn GB, Wagg C, Voigt W, Mulder C, Weisser WW, Engel J, Melian C, Scheu S, Birkhofer K, Ebeling A, Scherber C, Eisenhauer N. Towards an Integration of Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning and Food Web Theory to Evaluate Relationships between Multiple Ecosystem Services. ADV ECOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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