1
|
Chazdon RL, Norden N, Colwell RK, Chao A. Monitoring recovery of tree diversity during tropical forest restoration: lessons from long-term trajectories of natural regeneration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210069. [PMID: 36373917 PMCID: PMC9661944 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of species diversity as a tool for assessing recovery during forest regeneration and active restoration, robust approaches for assessing changes in tree species diversity over time are urgently needed. We assessed changes in tree species diversity during natural regeneration over 12-20 years in eight 1-ha monitoring plots in NE Costa Rica, six second-growth forests and two old-growth reference forests. We used diversity profiles to show successional trajectories in measures of observed, asymptotic and standardized tree diversity and evenness as well as sample completeness. We randomly subsampled 1-ha plot data to evaluate how well smaller spatial subsamples would have captured temporal trajectories. Annual surveys in eight 1-ha plots were missing substantial numbers of rare or infrequent species. Older second-growth sites showed consistent declines in tree diversity, whereas younger sites showed fluctuating patterns or increases. Subsample areas of 0.5 ha or greater were sufficient to infer the diversity of abundant species, but smaller subsamples failed to capture temporal trajectories of species richness and yielded positively biased estimates of evenness. In tropical forest regions with high levels of diversity, species diversity from small sample plots should be assessed using methods that incorporate abundance information and that standardize for sample coverage. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Chazdon
- Tropical Forest and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, 4556 Queensland, Australia,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CO 06269, USA
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CO 06269, USA,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, 30043
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cavalcante RBL, Nunes S, Viademonte S, Rodrigues CMF, Gomes WC, Ferreira JDS, Pontes PRM, Giannini TC, Awade M, de S Miranda L, Nascimento WR. Multicriteria approach to prioritize forest restoration areas for biodiversity conservation in the eastern Amazon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115590. [PMID: 35949080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the global magnitude of forest degradation and deforestation and the high cost of ecological restoration, several approaches have been used to prioritize conservation or restoration areas based on different objectives and criteria. The present work aims to develop a multicriteria approach to defining forest restoration priority areas in the Itacaiúnas River basin, eastern Amazon, that maximizes the criteria equitably. The selected criteria were: improve forest connectivity, provide climatic refuges for biodiversity, mitigate the impacts of deforestation on streamflow, and improve the probability of natural regeneration. A strong difference between selected areas was observed when the criteria of forest connectivity and mitigate the impact on streamflow were considered separately, but greater equity among the criteria was achieved using the multicriteria approach. The most priority areas were concentrated near protected areas. The method used provides a flexible framework, and different criteria or subarea selections can be applied for different purposes to facilitate adaptive management. Analyzing forest restoration prioritization on rural properties can provide guidance for conserving and restoring biodiversity at the landscape scale while complying with legal requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sâmia Nunes
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 255, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sergio Viademonte
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 255, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Awade
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 255, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de S Miranda
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 255, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, 66040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Wilson R Nascimento
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 255, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of landscape structure on restoration success in tropical premontane forest. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13452. [PMID: 35927554 PMCID: PMC9352795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversing large-scale habitat degradation and deforestation goes beyond what can be achieved by site-level ecological restoration and a landscape ecology perspective is fundamental. Here we assess the relative importance of tree cover and its configuration on forest-dependent birds and late-successional tree seedlings in restoration sites in southern Costa Rica. The abundance and species richness of birds increased in landscapes with more corridors, higher tree cover, and lower levels of fragmentation, highlighting the importance of riparian corridors for connectivity, and continuous tree cover as suitable habitat. Landscape variables affected abundance and species richness of seedlings similarly, but effects were weaker, possibly because seedlings face establishment limitation in addition to dispersal limitation. Moreover, the scale of landscape effects on seedlings was small, likely because proximal individual trees can significantly influence recruitment in restoration plots. Results underscore the importance of incorporating landscape-level metrics to restoration projects, as knowing the extent, and how the landscape may affect restoration outcomes can help to infer what kind of species will arrive to restoration plots.
Collapse
|
4
|
Holl KD, Luong JC, Brancalion PHS. Overcoming biotic homogenization in ecological restoration. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:777-788. [PMID: 35660115 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence shows that regional (gamma) diversity is often lower across restored landscapes than in reference landscapes, in part due to common restoration practices that favor widespread species through selection of easily-grown species with high survival and propagation practices that reduce genetic diversity. We discuss approaches to counteract biotic homogenization, such as reintroducing species that are adapted to localized habitat conditions and are unlikely to colonize naturally; periodically reintroducing propagules from remnant populations to increase genetic diversity; and reintroducing higher trophic level fauna to restore interaction networks and processes that promote habitat heterogeneity. Several policy changes would also increase regional diversity; these include regional coordination amongst restoration groups, financial incentives to organizations producing conservation-valued species, and experimental designations for rare species introductions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Holl
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Justin C Luong
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoenle PO, Donoso DA, Argoti A, Staab M, von Beeren C, Blüthgen N. Rapid ant community reassembly in a Neotropical forest: Recovery dynamics and land-use legacy. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2559. [PMID: 35112764 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regrowing secondary forests dominate tropical regions today, and a mechanistic understanding of their recovery dynamics provides important insights for conservation. In particular, land-use legacy effects on the fauna have rarely been investigated. One of the most ecologically dominant and functionally important animal groups in tropical forests are the ants. Here, we investigated the recovery of ant communities in a forest-agricultural habitat mosaic in the Ecuadorian Chocó region. We used a replicated chronosequence of previously used cacao plantations and pastures with 1-34 years of regeneration time to study the recovery dynamics of species communities and functional diversity across the two land-use legacies. We compared two independent components of responses on these community properties: resistance, which is measured as the proportion of an initial property that remains following the disturbance; and resilience, which is the rate of recovery relative to its loss. We found that compositional and trait structure similarity to old-growth forest communities increased with regeneration age, whereas ant species richness remained always at a high level along the chronosequence. Land-use legacies influenced species composition, with former cacao plantations showing higher resemblance to old-growth forests than former pastures along the chronosequence. While resistance was low for species composition and high for species richness and traits, all community properties had similarly high resilience. In essence, our results show that ant communities of the Chocó recovery rapidly, with former cacao reaching predicted old-growth forest community levels after 21 years and pastures after 29 years. Recovery in this community was faster than reported from other ecosystems and was likely facilitated by the low-intensity farming in agricultural sites and their proximity to old-growth forest remnants. Our study indicates the great recovery potential for this otherwise highly threatened biodiversity hotspot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Hoenle
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - David A Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adriana Argoti
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christoph von Beeren
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prieto PV, Bukoski JJ, Barros FSM, Beyer HL, Iribarrem A, Brancalion PHS, Chazdon RL, Lindenmayer DB, Strassburg BBN, Guariguata MR, Crouzeilles R. Predicting landscape-scale biodiversity recovery by natural tropical forest regrowth. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13842. [PMID: 34705299 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural forest regrowth is a cost-effective, nature-based solution for biodiversity recovery, yet different socioenvironmental factors can lead to variable outcomes. A critical knowledge gap in forest restoration planning is how to predict where natural forest regrowth is likely to lead to high levels of biodiversity recovery, which is an indicator of conservation value and the potential provisioning of diverse ecosystem services. We sought to predict and map landscape-scale recovery of species richness and total abundance of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in tropical and subtropical second-growth forests to inform spatial restoration planning. First, we conducted a global meta-analysis to quantify the extent to which recovery of species richness and total abundance in second-growth forests deviated from biodiversity values in reference old-growth forests in the same landscape. Second, we employed a machine-learning algorithm and a comprehensive set of socioenvironmental factors to spatially predict landscape-scale deviation and map it. Models explained on average 34% of observed variance in recovery (range 9-51%). Landscape-scale biodiversity recovery in second-growth forests was spatially predicted based on socioenvironmental landscape factors (human demography, land use and cover, anthropogenic and natural disturbance, ecosystem productivity, and topography and soil chemistry); was significantly higher for species richness than for total abundance for vertebrates (median range-adjusted predicted deviation 0.09 vs. 0.34) and invertebrates (0.2 vs. 0.35) but not for plants (which showed a similar recovery for both metrics [0.24 vs. 0.25]); and was positively correlated for total abundance of plant and vertebrate species (Pearson r = 0.45, p = 0.001). Our approach can help identify tropical and subtropical forest landscapes with high potential for biodiversity recovery through natural forest regrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Prieto
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacob J Bukoski
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Felipe S M Barros
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centro de Referencia en Tecnologías de la Información para la Gestión con Software Libre (CeRTIG+SoL), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Misiones, Argentina
- Departamento de Geografía, Instituto Superior Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, Misiones, Argentina
- Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Hawthorne L Beyer
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alvaro Iribarrem
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Crouzeilles
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Romanelli JP, Meli P, Santos JPB, Jacob IN, Souza LR, Rodrigues AV, Trevisan DP, Huang C, Almeida DRA, Silva LGM, Lopes Assad MLRC, Cadotte MW, Rodrigues RR. Biodiversity responses to restoration across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153403. [PMID: 35101503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration is focussing attention and resources on restoration globally. Nowhere is this more crucial than in tropical forests that harbor immense biodiversity, but have also undergone widespread deforestation over the past few decades. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate how biodiversity features respond to forest restoration across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots in the world. We assembled biodiversity in different metrics of structure and diversity features of three taxonomic groups (vascular plants, soil microorganisms, and invertebrates), generating a dataset with 2370 observations from 76 primary studies. We quantified the incomplete recovery of biodiversity (i.e., the rate of recovery to a pre-disturbance state) occurring during the restoration process, which we called the 'recovery gap'. Our results revealed that forests undergoing restoration in the BAF show a recovery gap of 34% for structure features and 22% for diversity features in comparison to reference reforests, considering all taxonomic groups investigated. For vascular plants, soil microorganisms, and invertebrates the recovery gap ranged between 46 and 47%, 16-26%, and 4-7%, respectively. Overall, the recovery gap was influenced by the interaction of restoration actions (i.e., the past land use, restoration age and restoration approach - active and passive restoration), however, structure features responded more sensitively to the time elapsed since restoration started, while the recovery gap for diversity features depended more on the past land-use. Our study can help guide the prioritization of the aforenamed taxonomic groups in restoration, the regulation of potential biodiversity offsetting policies in the BAF, and understanding how coupled biodiversity features respond to the interaction of environmental conditions and restoration actions in a high fragmented tropical landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Romanelli
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Paula Meli
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - João Paulo Bispo Santos
- Postgraduate in Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Zeferino Vaz University City, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Igor Nogueira Jacob
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lukas Rodrigues Souza
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - André Vieira Rodrigues
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, no 101, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Peruchi Trevisan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luiz Road, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chunbo Huang
- Research Center of Spatial Planning and Human-Environmental System Simulation, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Danilo R A Almeida
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz G M Silva
- Stocker Lab, Institute for Environmental Engineering (IfU), Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering (D-BAUG), ETH-Zurich, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Leonor R C Lopes Assad
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, Federal University of São Carlos, Anhanguera Highway, km 174, 13600-970 Araras, Brazil
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jakovac CC, Junqueira AB, Crouzeilles R, Peña-Claros M, Mesquita RCG, Bongers F. The role of land-use history in driving successional pathways and its implications for the restoration of tropical forests. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1114-1134. [PMID: 33709566 PMCID: PMC8360101 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary forests are increasingly important components of human‐modified landscapes in the tropics. Successional pathways, however, can vary enormously across and within landscapes, with divergent regrowth rates, vegetation structure and species composition. While climatic and edaphic conditions drive variations across regions, land‐use history plays a central role in driving alternative successional pathways within human‐modified landscapes. How land use affects succession depends on its intensity, spatial extent, frequency, duration and management practices, and is mediated by a complex combination of mechanisms acting on different ecosystem components and at different spatial and temporal scales. We review the literature aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the long‐lasting effects of land use on tropical forest succession and to discuss its implications for forest restoration. We organize it following a framework based on the hierarchical model of succession and ecological filtering theory. This review shows that our knowledge is mostly derived from studies in Neotropical forests regenerating after abandonment of shifting cultivation or pasture systems. Vegetation is the ecological component assessed most often. Little is known regarding how the recovery of belowground processes and microbiota communities is affected by previous land‐use history. In published studies, land‐use history has been mostly characterized by type, without discrimination of intensity, extent, duration or frequency. We compile and discuss the metrics used to describe land‐use history, aiming to facilitate future studies. The literature shows that (i) species availability to succession is affected by transformations in the landscape that affect dispersal, and by management practices and seed predation, which affect the composition and diversity of propagules on site. Once a species successfully reaches an abandoned field, its establishment and performance are dependent on resistance to management practices, tolerance to (modified) soil conditions, herbivory, competition with weeds and invasive species, and facilitation by remnant trees. (ii) Structural and compositional divergences at early stages of succession remain for decades, suggesting that early communities play an important role in governing further ecosystem functioning and processes during succession. Management interventions at early stages could help enhance recovery rates and manipulate successional pathways. (iii) The combination of local and landscape conditions defines the limitations to succession and therefore the potential for natural regeneration to restore ecosystem properties effectively. The knowledge summarized here could enable the identification of conditions in which natural regeneration could efficiently promote forest restoration, and where specific management practices are required to foster succession. Finally, characterization of the landscape context and previous land‐use history is essential to understand the limitations to succession and therefore to define cost‐effective restoration strategies. Advancing knowledge on these two aspects is key for finding generalizable relations that will increase the predictability of succession and the efficiency of forest restoration under different landscape contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Jakovac
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - André B Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, ACT, 2602, Australia.,Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, 20271-901, Brazil
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Rita C G Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, 69083-000, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
César RG, Moreno VDS, Coletta GD, Schweizer D, Chazdon RL, Barlow J, Ferraz SFB, Crouzeilles R, Brancalion PHS. It is not just about time: Agricultural practices and surrounding forest cover affect secondary forest recovery in agricultural landscapes. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G. César
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Vanessa de S. Moreno
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Gabriel D. Coletta
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, Biology Institute University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Daniella Schweizer
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Silvio F. B. Ferraz
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia Canberra ACT Australia
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente Universidade Veiga de Almeida Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rosa MR, Brancalion PHS, Crouzeilles R, Tambosi LR, Piffer PR, Lenti FEB, Hirota M, Santiami E, Metzger JP. Hidden destruction of older forests threatens Brazil's Atlantic Forest and challenges restoration programs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/4/eabc4547. [PMID: 33523918 PMCID: PMC7817092 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of native forest loss and gain is critical for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services, especially in regions experiencing intense forest transformations. We quantified native forest cover dynamics on an annual basis from 1990 to 2017 in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Despite the relative stability of native forest cover during this period (~28 Mha), the ongoing loss of older native forests, mostly on flatter terrains, have been hidden by the increasing gain of younger native forest cover, mostly on marginal lands for mechanized agriculture. Changes in native forest cover and its spatial distribution increased forest isolation in 36.4% of the landscapes. The clearance of older forests associated with the recut of 27% of younger forests has resulted in a progressive rejuvenation of the native forest cover. We highlight the need to include native forest spatiotemporal dynamics into restoration programs to better estimate their expected benefits and unexpected problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Rosa
- Department of Geography, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia
- Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro R Tambosi
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro R Piffer
- Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Edson Santiami
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Metzger
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maximizing the value of forest restoration for tropical mammals by detecting three-dimensional habitat associations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26254-26262. [PMID: 32989143 PMCID: PMC7584909 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001823117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forest ecosystems are facing unprecedented levels of degradation, severely compromising habitat suitability for wildlife. Despite the fundamental role biodiversity plays in forest regeneration, identifying and prioritizing degraded forests for restoration or conservation, based on their wildlife value, remains a significant challenge. Efforts to characterize habitat selection are also weakened by simple classifications of human-modified tropical forests as intact vs. degraded, which ignore the influence that three-dimensional (3D) forest structure may have on species distributions. Here, we develop a framework to identify conservation and restoration opportunities across logged forests in Borneo. We couple high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and camera trap data to characterize the response of a tropical mammal community to changes in 3D forest structure across a degradation gradient. Mammals were most responsive to covariates that accounted explicitly for the vertical and horizontal characteristics of the forest and actively selected structurally complex environments comprising tall canopies, increased plant area index throughout the vertical column, and the availability of a greater diversity of niches. We show that mammals are sensitive to structural simplification through disturbance, emphasizing the importance of maintaining and enhancing structurally intact forests. By calculating occurrence thresholds of species in response to forest structural change, we identify areas of degraded forest that would provide maximum benefit for multiple high-conservation value species if restored. The study demonstrates the advantages of using LiDAR to map forest structure, rather than relying on overly simplistic classifications of human-modified tropical forests, for prioritizing regions for restoration.
Collapse
|
12
|
Crouzeilles R, Maurenza D, Prieto PV, Barros FSM, Jakovac C, Ferreira MS, Chazdon RL, Lindenmayer DB, Brancalion PHS, Ceccon E, Adams C, Lazos‐Chavero E, Monteiro L, Junqueira AB, Strassburg BBN, Guariguata MR. Associations between socio‐environmental factors and landscape‐scale biodiversity recovery in naturally regenerating tropical and subtropical forests. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia Canberra Australia
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente Universidade Veiga de Almeida Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Daniel Maurenza
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Pablo V. Prieto
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Felipe S. M. Barros
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia Canberra Australia
- Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad Posadas Misiones Argentina
- Departamento de Geografía Instituto Superior Antonio Ruiz de Montoya Posadas Misiones Argentina
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Mariana S. Ferreira
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente Universidade Veiga de Almeida Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia Canberra Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Center University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Eliane Ceccon
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelos Mexico
| | - Cristina Adams
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades e Instituto de Energia e Ambiente Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elena Lazos‐Chavero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
| | - Lara Monteiro
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - André B. Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Bernardo B. N. Strassburg
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia Canberra Australia
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Camargo PHSA, Pizo MA, Brancalion PHS, Carlo TA. Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: Implications for restoration. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H. S. A. Camargo
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
- Biology Department The Pennsylvania State University State College PA USA
| | - Marco A. Pizo
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Tomás A. Carlo
- Biology Department The Pennsylvania State University State College PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crouzeilles R, Barros FSM, Molin PG, Ferreira MS, Junqueira AB, Chazdon RL, Lindenmayer DB, Tymus JRC, Strassburg BBN, Brancalion PHS. A new approach to map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre Department of Geography and the Environment Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Felipe S. M. Barros
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Reference Center on Technological Information and Management System with Free Software (CeRTIG + SoL) National University of Misiones Posadas Argentina
| | - Paulo G. Molin
- Center for Nature Sciences Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Ferreira
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente Universidade Veiga de Almeida Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - André B. Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre Department of Geography and the Environment Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast QLD Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Sustainable Farms Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | | | - Bernardo B. N. Strassburg
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre Department of Geography and the Environment Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| |
Collapse
|