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Levis C, Flores BM, Campos-Silva JV, Peroni N, Staal A, Padgurschi MCG, Dorshow W, Moraes B, Schmidt M, Kuikuro TW, Kuikuro H, Wauja K, Kuikuro K, Kuikuro A, Fausto C, Franchetto B, Watling J, Lima H, Heckenberger M, Clement CR. Contributions of human cultures to biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:866-879. [PMID: 38503867 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of globalized industrial societies is causing global warming, ecosystem degradation, and species and language extinctions worldwide. Mainstream conservation efforts still focus on nature protection strategies to revert this crisis, often overlooking the essential roles of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP&LC) in protecting biodiversity and ecosystems globally. Here we assess the scientific literature to identify relationships between biodiversity (including ecosystem diversity) and cultural diversity, and investigate how these connections may affect conservation outcomes in tropical lowland South America. Our assessment reveals a network of interactions and feedbacks between biodiversity and diverse IP&LC, suggesting interconnectedness and interdependencies from which multiple benefits to nature and societies emerge. We illustrate our findings with five case studies of successful conservation models, described as consolidated or promising 'social-ecological hope spots', that show how engagement with IP&LC of various cultures may be the best hope for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, particularly when aligned with science and technology. In light of these five inspiring cases, we argue that conservation science and policies need to recognize that protecting and promoting both biological and cultural diversities can provide additional co-benefits and solutions to maintain ecosystems resilient in the face of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Levis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Affiliated scholar, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Bernardo M Flores
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maíra C G Padgurschi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas aplicadas à Agricultura, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wetherbee Dorshow
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Bruno Moraes
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | - Morgan Schmidt
- Laboratório de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taku Wate Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Huke Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kumessi Wauja
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kalutata Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Afukaka Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fausto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Visiting Research Scholar, Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bruna Franchetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Watling
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Charles R Clement
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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Moura CC, Fonseca SN, Costa TR, Pereira IM, Farnezi MMDM, Milani JEDF, Fonseca DDC, Castro GC, Gonzaga APD, Moura LC, Machado ELM. Does the degradation of histosols due to recurrent fire affect the establishment of a hygrophilal autochthonous tree species? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121012. [PMID: 38718601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Forest Islands and their adjacent natural grasslands are vulnerable and sensitive ecosystems to the actions of severe fires, which result in losses of their resilience, which makes the potential of passive restoration of these environments unfeasible after such events. This study aims to verify, through an autochthonous species exclusive to these Forest Islands, whether it can develop in Histosols around a Forest Island that has been degraded by fire for years. The place of study and collection of the material tested was in the Sempre-Vivas National Park. Histosols samples were collected for analysis of chemical and physical attributes and experimental conduction in a seedling nursery. The performance of Richeria grandis was evaluated in these Histosols from seed vigor tests, initial plant growth in a greenhouse. R. grandis manages to develop in Histosols around the degraded Forest Island, disregarding possible interspecific field competitions. The physical and chemical characteristics of the Histosols around the island do not prevent the effective restoration of this phytocenosis. R. grandis showed the same seed vigor for all Histosols tested and all seedlings survived until the end of the experiment. It was observed that the seedlings grown in the Histosols of the island of the forest, showed a behavior of greater height, number of leaves and moisture content, and the place with exposed Histosols, with the highest fire severity, provided the lowest development in height, diameter and number of leaves. According to ecophysiological analyses, the species is under some environmental stress regardless of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Coelho Moura
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences - Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Gov. Lindemberg, nº 316 - Centro, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, CEP 29550-000, Brazil.
| | - Simone Nunes Fonseca
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), Beco da Paciência, 166 - Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís Ribeiro Costa
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Forest Science - Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Israel Marinho Pereira
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Forest Science - Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Múcio Magno de Melo Farnezi
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Forest Science - Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Jaçanan Eloisa de Freitas Milani
- Faculty of Forestry Engineering - Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº 2367 - Bairro Boa Esperança. Cuiabá, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Darliana da Costa Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences - Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM). Address: Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Gislene Carvalho Castro
- Department of Natural Sciences - Federal University of São João del Rei (UFSJ), Rodovia MG 424, Km 47, Caixa Postal 56, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, CEP 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Anne Priscila Dias Gonzaga
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Forest Science - Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Coelho Moura
- Faculty of Forestry Engineering - Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº 2367 - Bairro Boa Esperança. Cuiabá, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Forest Science - Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
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Flores BM, Staal A. Feedback in tropical forests of the Anthropocene. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5041-5061. [PMID: 35770837 PMCID: PMC9542052 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are complex systems containing myriad interactions and feedbacks with their biotic and abiotic environments, but as the world changes fast, the future of these ecosystems becomes increasingly uncertain. In particular, global stressors may unbalance the feedbacks that stabilize tropical forests, allowing other feedbacks to propel undesired changes in the whole ecosystem. Here, we review the scientific literature across various fields, compiling known interactions of tropical forests with their environment, including the global climate, rainfall, aerosols, fire, soils, fauna, and human activities. We identify 170 individual interactions among 32 elements that we present as a global tropical forest network, including countless feedback loops that may emerge from different combinations of interactions. We illustrate our findings with three cases involving urgent sustainability issues: (1) wildfires in wetlands of South America; (2) forest encroachment in African savanna landscapes; and (3) synergistic threats to the peatland forests of Borneo. Our findings reveal an unexplored world of feedbacks that shape the dynamics of tropical forests. The interactions and feedbacks identified here can guide future qualitative and quantitative research on the complexities of tropical forests, allowing societies to manage the nonlinear responses of these ecosystems in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M. Flores
- Graduate Program in EcologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisBrazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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