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Weitzman ER, Pierce SE, Blakemore LM, Murdock A, Angelidou A, Dowling DJ, Levy O, Levy S. Need for strategic communications and stakeholder engagement to advance acceptability of an overdose preventing vaccine targeting fentanyl. Vaccine 2024; 42:126082. [PMID: 38991914 PMCID: PMC11401752 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid, exposure to which has led to hundreds of thousands of overdose deaths. Novel vaccines are being developed that might protect against fentanyl overdose. Proactive attention to strategic communications and stakeholder engagement may smooth uptake of a novel vaccine given known challenges around vaccine hesitancy and concern for stigma related to substance use. METHODS Qualitative interviews (N = 74) with a purposive sample of adolescents/young adults with opioid use disorder (OUD), family members of persons with OUD, experts in substance use treatment and harm reduction, and community members were conducted and thematically analyzed to discern attitudes toward a fentanyl vaccine, and directions for communications and engagement. RESULTS Major themes reflected personal concerns for biomedical risk and system-level concerns for alignment and integration of an overdose preventing vaccine with prevailing beliefs about addiction and associated frameworks and philosophies for treatment and response. CONCLUSION Acceptability and implementation of a novel fentanyl vaccine targeting overdose will need precision communications that address biomedical, moral/spiritual, and structural perspectives about the nature of addiction. Education about the purpose and limits of a fentanyl vaccine, partnerships with diverse stakeholders from throughout the opioid response ecosystem and interweaving of a vaccine strategy into comprehensive prevention and treatment are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa R Weitzman
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Sydney E Pierce
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Laura M Blakemore
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Andrew Murdock
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Asimenia Angelidou
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - David J Dowling
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Ofer Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
| | - Sharon Levy
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Song MY, Blake-Hepburn D, Karbasi A, Fadel SA, Allin S, Ataullahjan A, Ruggiero ED. Public health partnerships with faith-based organizations to support vaccination uptake among minoritized communities: A scoping review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002765. [PMID: 38837963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Faith-based vaccine initiatives are of growing interest to public health agencies who are looking to increase vaccine confidence among ethnoracially minoritized populations. Despite evidence that support faith-based organizations' (FBOs) partnerships with public health agencies (PHAs) to increase vaccine confidence, reviews on the scope and efforts to ensure equitable vaccination delivery for ethnoracially minoritized populations are scarce. We aimed to understand how public health agencies collaborate with FBOs or faith communities to improve vaccine confidence among minoritized communities in high-, low- and middle- income countries. We conducted a scoping review by searching OVID MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, and PROQUEST from 2011 to 2023. We included case studies, news reports, observational studies, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies and multimedia content that describes PHA-FBO partnerships that created vaccine initiatives for marginalized and minoritized communities. The data was extracted, summarized, and results were described narratively. We included 167 initiatives reported in 160 publications; 83.8% of the included articles were published between 2019 to 2023. The interventions carried out by PHA-FBO partnerships attempted to increase vaccine uptake using any or all the following methods. First, the initiatives provided digital and in-person platforms for interfaith learning and established training programs to empower faith leaders to become vaccine ambassadors. Second, the initiatives designed and disseminated education and awareness materials that aimed to be sensitive to religious and gender norms. Third, PHA-FBO partnered to apply equity and faith-based frameworks and provided wrap-around support to enable equitable vaccine access. Majority of the initiatives reported that PHA-FBO partnerships improved vaccine confidence and uptake (71.3%). About 22.2% of the initiatives reported quantitative outcomes post-intervention. PHA-FBO initiatives over the past decade increased vaccine uptake and acceptance among diverse ethnoracially minoritized populations. Reporting of faith-based initiatives are subject to publication bias and can be strengthened by examining more evaluation studies and establishment of key outcome indicators to critically appraise intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodie Yunju Song
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Anna Karbasi
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shaza A Fadel
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Clinical Public Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Allin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anushka Ataullahjan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Erica Di Ruggiero
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Social and Behavioural Health Sciences Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Koks-Leensen MC, Menko A, Raaijmakers F, Fransen-Kuppens GA, Bevelander KE. An Accessible Web-Based Survey to Monitor the Mental Health of People With Mild Intellectual Disability or Low Literacy Skills During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Data Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e44827. [PMID: 38607229 PMCID: PMC11176870 DOI: 10.2196/44827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures affected the mental health of all populations. Particular subgroups are underrepresented in mainstream surveys because they are hard to reach, and study measurements are not adapted to their skills. These subgroups include people with lower cognitive and literacy skills, such as people with mild intellectual disability (MID), who were considered vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic given their low socioeconomic status, small social networks, increased risks of health problems, and difficulties understanding health-related information. OBJECTIVE This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among people with MID or low literacy skills compared with those predominantly represented in national surveys. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional study of people with MID or low literacy skills and a general population sample was conducted in the Netherlands. An easy-read web-based survey was co-designed with, and tested among, people with MID or low literacy skills and conducted in 3 rounds within 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic (T1: November to December 2020, T2: March to April 2021, and T3: September to October 2021). The survey contained questions about demographics and 6 aspects of mental health: feeling happy, feeling energized, feeling stressed, worry, feeling lonely, and sleeping problems. RESULTS Our adapted survey and recruitment procedure enabled 1059 persons with MID or low literacy skills to participate (T1: n=412, 38.9%; T2: n=351, 33.1%; and T3: n=296, 28%). They were significantly younger, had a lower level of education, and more often than not were born outside the Netherlands compared to the general population sample (P<.001). Approximately half of them (604/1059, 57.03%) received professional care. They displayed poorer mental health scores than the general population sample. The percentages of people with MID or low literacy skills who reported more negative feelings in T1 ranged from 20.6% (85/412) reporting feeling lonely often or almost always to 57.8% (238/412) reporting feeling happy almost never or sometimes. The general population sample's percentages were 5.4% (160/2930) and 32.2% (941/2918), respectively. Although scores improved over time in both populations, the disproportional effects remained. CONCLUSIONS General COVID-19-related restrictions for the entire Dutch population affected people with MID or low literacy skills more negatively than the general population. Our study underscores the relevance of including these subpopulations in public health research because they are often overlooked in regular health data. An accessible web-based survey particularly targeted at this population enabled us to do so, and we reached a group of respondents significantly different from regular survey participants. This survey's results provided insights into the health of people with MID or low literacy skills and gained knowledge to be used by care organizations and policy makers to reduce health disparities during a pandemic and in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Cj Koks-Leensen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Intellectual Disability and Health - Sterker op Eigen Benen (SOEB), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Menko
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fieke Raaijmakers
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Safety and Health Region Gelderland-Midden, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Gerdine Aj Fransen-Kuppens
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Municipal Health Service Gelderland Zuid, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Bevelander
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Intellectual Disability and Health - Sterker op Eigen Benen (SOEB), Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Aghajafari F, Wall L, Weightman A, Ness A, Lake D, Anupindi K, Moorthi G, Kuk B, Santana M, Coakley A. COVID-19 Vaccinations, Trust, and Vaccination Decisions within the Refugee Community of Calgary, Canada. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:177. [PMID: 38400160 PMCID: PMC10891815 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Refugee decisions to vaccinate for COVID-19 are a complex interplay of factors which include individual perceptions, access barriers, trust, and COVID-19 specific factors, which contribute to lower vaccine uptake. To address this, the WHO calls for localized solutions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake for refugees and evidence to inform future vaccination efforts. However, limited evidence engages directly with refugees about their experiences with COVID-19 vaccinations. To address this gap, researchers conducted qualitative interviews (N = 61) with refugees (n = 45), sponsors of refugees (n = 3), and key informants (n = 13) connected to local COVID-19 vaccination efforts for refugees in Calgary. Thematic analysis was conducted to synthesize themes related to vaccine perspectives, vaccination experiences, and patient intersections with policies and systems. Findings reveal that refugees benefit from ample services that are delivered at various stages, that are not solely related to vaccinations, and which create multiple positive touch points with health and immigration systems. This builds trust and vaccine confidence and promotes COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Despite multiple factors affecting vaccination decisions, a key reason for vaccination was timely and credible information delivered through trusted intermediaries and in an environment that addressed refugee needs and concerns. As refugees placed trust and relationships at the core of decision-making and vaccination, it is recommended that healthcare systems work through trust and relationships to reach refugees. This can be targeted through culturally responsive healthcare delivery that meets patients where they are, including barrier reduction measures such as translation and on-site vaccinations, and educational and outreach partnerships with private groups, community organizations and leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Aghajafari
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Laurent Wall
- Habitus Consulting Collective, Calgary, AB T2T 1P3, Canada; (L.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Amanda Weightman
- Habitus Consulting Collective, Calgary, AB T2T 1P3, Canada; (L.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Alyssa Ness
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Deidre Lake
- Alberta International Medical Graduates Association, Calgary, AB T2E 3K8, Canada
| | - Krishna Anupindi
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gayatri Moorthi
- Habitus Consulting Collective, Calgary, AB T2T 1P3, Canada; (L.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Bryan Kuk
- Habitus Consulting Collective, Calgary, AB T2T 1P3, Canada; (L.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Maria Santana
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Annalee Coakley
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Mosaic Refugee Health Clinic, Calgary, AB T2A 5H5, Canada
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Rabin BA, Cain KL, Ayers LO, Lomeli A, Escoto A, Burola ML, Aguilar M, Calvillo ST, Reyes B, Salgin L, Tukey R, Laurent LC, Stadnick NA. Adaptation of the brainwriting premortem technique to inform the co-creation of COVID-19 testing strategies in underserved communities in South San Diego. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:12. [PMID: 38172787 PMCID: PMC10765849 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10341-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Meaningful engagement of partners in co-creating and refining health-related programs can increase the initial uptake, sustained implementation, broad reach, and effectiveness of these programs. This is especially important for underserved communities where resources are limited and need to be prioritized. Brainwriting premortem is a novel qualitative approach to partner engagement that combines the strengths of individual idea generation with the concept of premortem exercise that addresses failure points prior to the implementation of new programs. METHODS An adapted form of brainwriting premortem was used to inform iterative refinements to a COVID-19 testing program at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in San Diego. Patients and providers from the FQHC participated in interviews at two time points (early- and mid-implementation of the program). Interview data were transcribed, translated, and analyzed using a rapid qualitative approach. Key themes and sub-themes were identified and used to inform refinements to the program. RESULTS A total of 11 patients (7 Spanish- and 4 English-speaking) and 8 providers participated in the brainwriting premortem interviews. Key themes related to possible reasons for COVID-19 testing program failure: advertising/sharing information; access to testing; handling of test results; staff and patient safety; patient beliefs and views regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus; and COVID-19 testing options offered. Proposed solutions were offered for the key failures except for patient beliefs and views regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Additional solutions offered were related to education, physical operations, and recruitment strategies. Real-time changes to the program flow and components were made in response to 7 suggestions from patients and 11 from providers. Changes related to the process of returning results were the most common, and included sending results via email with distinct workflows based on the test result. CONCLUSION The implementation of the adapted brainwriting premortem technique allowed us to incorporate the perspective of key partners in the delivery and iterative refinement of the COVID-19 testing program. This was an effective tool in the context of an FQHC and can be a promising and approach to incorporate iterative input from patients and providers to ensure successful program implementation. Future studies, particularly those requiring rapid response to public health emergencies, should consider the use of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borsika A Rabin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence O Ayers
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angel Lomeli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arleth Escoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Linda Burola
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Aguilar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephenie Tinoco Calvillo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Breanna Reyes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Tukey
- Superfund Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole A Stadnick
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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Mensah GA, Johnson LE, Zhang X, Stinson N, Carrington K, Malla G, Land SR, Huff E, Freeman N, Stoney C, Ampey B, Paltoo D, Clark D, Rajapakse N, Ilias MR, Haase KP, Punturieri A, Kurilla MG, Archer H, Bolek M, Santos M, Wilson-Frederick S, Devaney S, Marshall V, Farhat T, Hooper MW, Wilson DR, Perez-Stable EJ, Gibbons GH. Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL): A National Institutes of Health Program to Advance Health Equity. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S12-S17. [PMID: 37944098 PMCID: PMC10785165 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George A Mensah
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Lenora E Johnson
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Nathan Stinson
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Kelli Carrington
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Gargya Malla
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Stephanie R Land
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Erynn Huff
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Naomi Freeman
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Catherine Stoney
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Bryan Ampey
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Dina Paltoo
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Dave Clark
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Nishadi Rajapakse
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Maliha R Ilias
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Karen Plevock Haase
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Antonello Punturieri
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Michael G Kurilla
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Hillary Archer
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Michelle Bolek
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Melanie Santos
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Shondelle Wilson-Frederick
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Stephanie Devaney
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Vanessa Marshall
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Tilda Farhat
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Monica Webb Hooper
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - David R Wilson
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Eliseo J Perez-Stable
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
| | - Gary H Gibbons
- George A. Mensah, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha R. Ilias, and Karen Plevock Haase are with the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Lenora E. Johnson, Hillary Archer, Michelle Bolek, Melanie Santos, and Shondelle Wilson-Frederick are with the Office of Science Policy, Engagement, Education, and Communications, NHLBI. Nathan Stinson Jr, Kelli Carrington, Gargya Malla, Vanessa Marshall, Tilda Farhat, Monica Webb Hooper, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Stephanie R. Land is with the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Erynn Huff and Naomi Freeman are with the Office of Management, Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Catherine Stoney is with Stoney Consulting, Washington, DC. Bryan Ampey and Dina Paltoo are with the Immediate Office of the Director, NHLBI. Dave Clark is with the Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Antonello Punturieri is with the Division of Lung Diseases, NHLBI. Michael G. Kurilla is with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. Stephanie Devaney is with the All of Us Research Program, Office of the Director, NIH. David R. Wilson is with the Office of the Director, NIH
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7
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Stadnick NA, Laurent LC, Cain KL, Seifert M, Burola ML, Salgin L, Watson P, Oswald W, Munoz FA, Velasquez SF, Smith JD, Zou J, Rabin BA. Community-engaged optimization of COVID-19 rapid evaluation and testing experiences: roll-out implementation optimization trial. Implement Sci 2023; 18:46. [PMID: 37784200 PMCID: PMC10544564 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-023-01306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There continues to be a need for COVID-19 testing that is pragmatic, community-centered, and sustainable. This study will refine and test implementation strategies prioritized by community partners: (1) walk-up no-cost testing, (2) community health worker (promotores)-facilitated testing and preventive care counseling, (3) vending machines that dispense no-cost, self-testing kits. METHODS A co-designed Theory of Change from an earlier study phase and the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainment Model (PRISM) will guide the study design, measures selection, and evaluation. The first aim is to refine and operationalize a multi-component implementation strategy bundle and outcome measures for COVID-19 testing. A Community and Scientific Advisory Board (CSAB) will be established and include community members, clinical providers/staff from the partnering Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC), public health researchers, policymakers, and a county health department ambassador. Engagement of CSAB members will be assessed through structured ethnography and a survey about the quality and quantity of engagement practices. The second aim is to implement and evaluate the impact of the implementation strategy bundle to optimize COVID-19 testing in communities using a roll-out implementation optimization (ROIO) design. Seven thousand and five hundred community members will be enrolled across four FQHC clinics over 18 months. Participants will be invited to complete an electronic survey about their demographics, health, and COVID-19 testing results and experiences. CSAB members and clinic partners will participate in PRISM fit and determinant assessments prior to each clinic rollout and post-trial. Interviews will be conducted with 60 community participants and 12 providers/staff following a 3-month rollout period at each clinic, inquiring about their experiences with the implementation strategies. Quantitative data will be analyzed using hierarchical multilevel models to determine the impact of implementation strategies. Qualitative data will be analyzed using rapid qualitative approaches to summarize implementation experiences and identify necessary changes prior to subsequent rollouts. A matrix approach will be used to triangulate data from quantitative and qualitative sources based on PRISM domains. DISCUSSION This is one of the first pragmatic implementation trials to use a ROIO design and aims to co-create a sustainable and equitable COVID-19 testing program. Findings are likely to generalize to other public health prevention efforts. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05894655 March 2, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Stadnick
- University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, USA.
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marva Seifert
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Linda Burola
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda Salgin
- San Ysidro Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health School, UC San Diego and San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul Watson
- The Global Action Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Justin D Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jingjing Zou
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Borsika A Rabin
- University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Johannesson JM, Glover WA, Petti CA, Veldman TH, Tsalik EL, Taylor DH, Hendren S, Neighbors CE, Tillekeratne LG, Kennedy SW, Harper B, Kibbe WA, Corbie G, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Woods CW, Lee MJ. Access to COVID-19 testing by individuals with housing insecurity during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1237066. [PMID: 37841714 PMCID: PMC10568314 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1237066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic focused attention on healthcare disparities and inequities faced by individuals within marginalized and structurally disadvantaged groups in the United States. These individuals bore the heaviest burden across this pandemic as they faced increased risk of infection and difficulty in accessing testing and medical care. Individuals experiencing housing insecurity are a particularly vulnerable population given the additional barriers they face. In this scoping review, we identify some of the barriers this high-risk group experienced during the early days of the pandemic and assess novel solutions to overcome these barriers. Methods A scoping review was performed following PRISMA-Sc guidelines looking for studies focusing on COVID-19 testing among individuals experiencing housing insecurity. Barriers as well as solutions to barriers were identified as applicable and summarized using qualitative methods, highlighting particular ways that proved effective in facilitating access to testing access and delivery. Results Ultimately, 42 studies were included in the scoping review, with 143 barriers grouped into four categories: lack of cultural understanding, systemic racism, and stigma; medical care cost, insurance, and logistics; immigration policies, language, and fear of deportation; and other. Out of these 42 studies, 30 of these studies also suggested solutions to address them. Conclusion A paucity of studies have analyzed COVID-19 testing barriers among those experiencing housing insecurity, and this is even more pronounced in terms of solutions to address those barriers. Expanding resources and supporting investigators within this space is necessary to ensure equitable healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Johannesson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William A. Glover
- North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cathy A. Petti
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Healthspring Global Inc., Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Timothy H. Veldman
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Donald H. Taylor
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Hendren
- Duke University Medical Center Library, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Coralei E. Neighbors
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Scott W. Kennedy
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Barrie Harper
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Warren A. Kibbe
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark J. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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9
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Rabin BA, Cain KL, Watson P, Oswald W, Laurent LC, Meadows AR, Seifert M, Munoz FA, Salgin L, Aldous J, Diaz EA, Villodas M, Vijaykumar S, O'Leary ST, Stadnick NA. Scaling and sustaining COVID-19 vaccination through meaningful community engagement and care coordination for underserved communities: hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. Implement Sci 2023; 18:28. [PMID: 37443044 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-023-01283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 inequities are abundant in low-income communities of color. Addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy to promote equitable and sustained vaccination for underserved communities requires a multi-level, scalable, and sustainable approach. It is also essential that efforts acknowledge the broader healthcare needs of these communities including engagement in preventive services. METHODS This is a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation study that will include a multi-level, longitudinal, mixed-methods data collection approach designed to assess the sustained impact of a co-created multicomponent strategy relying on bidirectional learning, shared decision-making, and expertise by all team members. The study capitalizes on a combination of implementation strategies including mHealth outreach with culturally appropriate messaging, care coordination to increase engagement in high priority preventive services, and the co-design of these strategies using community advisory boards led by Community Weavers. Community Weavers are individuals with lived experience as members of an underserved community serving as cultural brokers between communities, public health systems, and researchers to co-create community-driven, culturally sensitive public health solutions. The study will use an adaptive implementation approach operationalized in a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial design of 300 participants from three sites in a Federally Qualified Health Center in Southern California. This design will allow examining the impact of various implementation strategy components and deliver more intensive support to those who benefit from it most. The primary effectiveness outcomes are COVID-19 vaccine completion, engagement in preventive services, and vaccine confidence. The primary implementation outcomes are reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the multicomponent strategy over a 12-month follow-up period. Mixed-effects logistic regression models will be used to examine program impacts and will be triangulated with qualitative data from participants and implementers. DISCUSSION This study capitalizes on community engagement, implementation science, health equity and communication, infectious disease, and public health perspectives to co-create a multicomponent strategy to promote the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination and preventive services for underserved communities in San Diego. The study design emphasizes broad engagement of our community and clinic partners leading to culturally sensitive and acceptable strategies to produce lasting and sustainable increases in vaccine equity and preventive services engagement. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05841810 May 3, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borsika A Rabin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Watson
- The Global Action Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Audra R Meadows
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marva Seifert
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Villodas
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA, San Diego, USA
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Vijaykumar
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sean T O'Leary
- Department of Pediatrics-Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicole A Stadnick
- Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Salgin L, Ayers LO, Burola ML, Engler AM, Osuna A, Gay L, Cain K, Stadnick N, Rabin B, Zaslavsky I, Laurent LC, Tukey R, Seifert M. Perceived COVID-19 risk and testing experiences in the San Ysidro U.S./Mexico border region. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:432-441. [PMID: 36999822 PMCID: PMC10314726 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 incidence are pronounced in underserved U.S./Mexico border communities. Working and living environments in these communities can lead to increased risk of COVID-19 infection and transmission, and this increased risk is exacerbated by lack of access to testing. As part of designing a community and culturally tailored COVID-19 testing program, we surveyed community members in the San Ysidro border region. The purpose of our study was to characterize knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of prenatal patients, prenatal caregivers, and pediatric caregivers at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FHQC) in the San Ysidro region regarding perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and access to testing. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect information on experiences accessing COVID-19 testing and perceived risk of COVID-19 infection within San Ysidro between December 29, 2020 and April 2, 2021. A total of 179 surveys were analyzed. Most participants identified as female (85%) and as Mexican/Mexican American (75%). Over half (56%) were between the age of 25 and 34 years old. Perceived Risk: 37% reported moderate to high risk of COVID-19 infection, whereas 50% reported their risk low to none. Testing Experience: Approximately 68% reported previously being tested for COVID-19. Among those tested, 97% reported having very easy or easy access to testing. Reasons for not testing included limited appointment availability, cost, not feeling sick, and concern about risk of infection while at a testing facility. This study is an important first step to understand the COVID-19 risk perceptions and testing access among patients and community members living near the U.S./Mexico border in San Ysidro, California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Salgin
- San Ysidro Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence O Ayers
- University of California, San Diego Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria-Linda Burola
- University of California, San Diego Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Engler
- University of California, San Diego Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Luis Gay
- San Ysidro Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelli Cain
- University of California, San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Stadnick
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California, San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, San Diego, CA, USA
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Borsika Rabin
- University of California, San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California, San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ilya Zaslavsky
- University of California San Diego, Spatial Information Systems Lab, San Diego Supercomputer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- University of California, San Diego Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert Tukey
- University of California San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marva Seifert
- University of California San Diego, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
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11
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Lee RE, Todd M, Oh H, Han S, Santana M, Aguilar-Troncoso J, Bruening M, Kramer JL, León T, Murugan V, Valdez H, Villegas-Gold M. Acceptability and Feasibility of Saliva-delivered PCR Coronavirus 2019 Tests for Young Children. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2022060352D. [PMID: 37394507 PMCID: PMC10312283 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060352d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Access to readily available, reliable, and easy-to-use coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tests remains critical, despite great vaccination progress. Universal back-to-school testing offered at early care and education ([ECE]; ie, preschool) sites to screen for positive cases may help preschoolers safely return to, and stay in, ECE. We examined the acceptability and feasibility of using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction COVID-19 saliva test for young children (n = 227, 54.0% girls: mean age = 52.3 ± 8.1 months) and their caregivers (n = 70 teachers: mean = 36.6 ± 14.7 years; n = 227 parents: mean = 35.5 ± 9.1 years) to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and reduce days of school and work missed for households with children who test positive. METHODS Participants were recruited at ECE sites serving low-income communities as part of the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostic Testing-Underserved Populations Back to Early Care and Education Safely with Sustainability via Active Garden Education project (NCT05178290). RESULTS Surveys in English or Spanish administered at testing events to children and caregivers at ECE sites showed child and adult acceptability and feasibility ratings were generally high. More favorable child and parent ratings were positively associated with child age and whether the child was able to produce a saliva sample. Language preference was not associated with any outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Saliva sampling for COVID-19 at ECE sites is an acceptable strategy as an additional layer of protection for 4- and 5-year-olds; however, alternate testing strategies may be needed for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation
| | | | - Hyunsung Oh
- School of Social Work, Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Michelle Santana
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation
| | | | - Meg Bruening
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Joanna L. Kramer
- Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Division of Primary, Complex, and Adolescent Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Tomás León
- Equality Health Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Vel Murugan
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, ASU Biodesign Clinical Testing Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Hector Valdez
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation
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12
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Yardley L, Denford S, Kamal A, May T, Kesten JM, French CE, Weston D, Rubin GJ, Horwood J, Hickman M, Amlôt R, Oliver I. The Agile Co-production and Evaluation framework for developing public health interventions, messaging and guidance. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1094753. [PMID: 37435513 PMCID: PMC10331616 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1094753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A lesson identified from the COVID-19 pandemic is that we need to extend existing best practice for intervention development. In particular, we need to integrate (a) state-of-the-art methods of rapidly coproducing public health interventions and messaging to support all population groups to protect themselves and their communities with (b) methods of rapidly evaluating co-produced interventions to determine which are acceptable and effective. This paper describes the Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework, which is intended to provide a focus for investigating new ways of rapidly developing effective interventions and messaging by combining co-production methods with large-scale testing and/or real-world evaluation. We briefly review some of the participatory, qualitative and quantitative methods that could potentially be combined and propose a research agenda to further develop, refine and validate packages of methods in a variety of public health contexts to determine which combinations are feasible, cost-effective and achieve the goal of improving health and reducing health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Yardley
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Denford
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Atiya Kamal
- School of Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom May
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jo M. Kesten
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E French
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dale Weston
- UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. James Rubin
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Horwood
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hickman
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Amlôt
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Oliver
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Stadnick NA, Cain KL, Oswald WT, Watson PL, Nodora J, Broyles SL, Lomeli AA, Escoto AA, Ibarra M, Lagoc R, Rabin BA. Insights from Immigrant and Refugee Communities Regarding COVID-19 Needs and Opportunities: A Mixed Methods Study. AJPM FOCUS 2023; 2:100099. [PMID: 37362399 PMCID: PMC10133022 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction : This mixed methods study describes processes to actively engage underserved, immigrant, and refugee communities in COVID-19 vaccine efforts to co-create culturally relevant resources and dissemination. Methods : A survey on health care characteristics and COVID-19 attitudes was deployed between March-November 2021 followed by listening sessions conducted in December 2021. All participants were recruited through the project's Community Advisory Board. The survey, completed by 77 adults, was available in English, Spanish, Burmese, Kizigua, and Karen. Listening sessions were led by trained, multilingual, and multicultural interviewers. Results : Doctors/healthcare providers were rated as the most trusted messengers of COVID-19 information, however, trusted sources varied across communities. Data from three listening sessions (with a total of 14 participants) expanded survey findings with a focus on trusted sources of COVID-19 communication. Conclusions : This study confirmed the importance of healthcare professionals as trusted messengers for COVID-19 information among underserved communities. Qualitative data highlighted the importance of schools, ethnically-based community organizations, and friends/family with health and English literacy skills for immigrant and refugee communities. Findings suggest opportunities for collaboration with specific trusted sources for future public health dissemination efforts. Trial registration : not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Stadnick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Dissemination & Implementation Science Center (DISC), Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Child & Adolescent Services Research Center (CASRC), Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Kelli L. Cain
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Paul L. Watson
- The Global Action Research Center, San Diego, California
| | - Jesse Nodora
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shelia L. Broyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Angel A. Lomeli
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Arleth A. Escoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marina Ibarra
- The Global Action Research Center, San Diego, California
| | - Raphael Lagoc
- The Global Action Research Center, San Diego, California
| | - Borsika A. Rabin
- Dissemination & Implementation Science Center (DISC), Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Frietze GA, Mancera BM, Kenney MJ. COVID-19 Testing, Vaccine Perceptions, and Trust among Hispanics Residing in an Underserved Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5076. [PMID: 36981984 PMCID: PMC10049437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Borderplex region has been profoundly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Borderplex residents live in low socioeconomic (SES) neighborhoods and lack access to COVID-19 testing. The purpose of this study was two-fold: first, to implement a COVID-19 testing program in the Borderplex region to increase the number of residents tested for COVID-19, and second, to administer a community survey to identify trusted sources of COVID-19 information and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. A total of 4071 community members were tested for COVID-19, and 502 participants completed the survey. COVID-19 testing resulted in 66.8% (n = 2718) positive cases. The community survey revealed that the most trusted sources of COVID-19 information were doctors or health care providers (67.7%), government websites (e.g., CDC, FDA, etc.) (41.8%), and the World Health Organization (37.8%). Logistic regression models revealed several statistically significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake such as having a trusted doctor or health care provider, perceiving the COVID-19 vaccine to be effective, and perceiving that the COVID-19 vaccine does not cause side-effects. Findings from the current study highlight the need for utilizing an integrated, multifactorial approach to increase COVID-19 testing and to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in underserved communities.
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15
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Rabin BA, Cain KL, Salgin L, Watson PL, Oswald W, Kaiser BN, Ayers L, Yi C, Alegre A, Ni J, Reyes A, Yu KE, Broyles SL, Tukey R, Laurent LC, Stadnick NA. Using ethnographic approaches to document, evaluate, and facilitate virtual community-engaged implementation research. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:409. [PMID: 36855118 PMCID: PMC9974043 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community Advisory Boards (CABs) have been frequently used to engage diverse partners to inform research projects. Yet, evaluating the quality of engagement has not been routine. We describe a multi-method ethnographic approach documenting and assessing partner engagement in two "virtual" CABs, for which we conducted all meetings remotely. METHODS Two research projects for increasing equitable COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and clinical trial participation for underserved communities involved remote CAB meetings. Thirty-three partners representing 17 community groups participated in 15 sessions across the two CABs facilitated by a social change organization. We developed ethnographic documentation forms to assess multiple aspects of CAB member engagement (e.g., time spent speaking, modality used, types of interactions). Documenters were trained to observe CAB sub-groups via virtual sessions. Debriefing with the documentation team after CAB meetings supported quality assurance and process refinement. CAB members completed a brief validated survey after each meeting to assess the quality and frequency of engagement. Content and rapid thematic analysis were used to analyze documentation data. Quantitative data were summarized as frequencies and means. Qualitative and quantitative findings were triangulated. RESULTS A total of 4,540 interactions were identified across 15 meetings. The most frequent interaction was providing information (44%), followed by responding (37-38%). The quality and frequency of stakeholder engagement were rated favorably (average 4.7 of 5). Most CAB members (96%) reported good/excellent engagement. Specific comments included appreciation for the diversity of perspectives represented by the CAB members and suggestions for improved live interpretation. Debriefing sessions led to several methodological refinements for the documentation process and forms. CONCLUSION We highlight key strategies for documenting and assessing community engagement. Our methods allowed for rich ethnographic data collection that refined our work with community partners. We recommend ongoing trainings, including debriefing sessions and routinely reviewed assessment of data to strengthen meaningful community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borsika A Rabin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America.
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America.
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda Salgin
- San Ysidro Health, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego State University, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Paul L Watson
- The Global Action Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - William Oswald
- The Global Action Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Bonnie N Kaiser
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology and Global Health Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Ayers
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Crystal Yi
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander Alegre
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Ni
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Allyn Reyes
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Kasey E Yu
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Shelia L Broyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Community Research Partnerships, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicole A Stadnick
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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Davis H, Elmer S, Graves K, Learmonth C. Codesign and community outreach to create COVID-19 safe communities: A Karen community case study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1081767. [PMID: 37033045 PMCID: PMC10079966 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1081767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, government directives for health and community services focused on building capacity for COVID-19 safe behaviors. During 2020-2021, there was mounting pressure to increase vaccination numbers to boost population-wide immunity, thereby enabling the lessening of pandemic response restrictions. The Australian population, in general, faced communication hurdles in understanding COVID-19, government directives and policies, and health initiatives. This was particularly challenging given the rapid changes in disease behaviors and community response requirements. This community case study documents local experience in delivering information about COVID-19 safety and vaccination to a former refugee community (the Karen community) in regional Victoria. Community outreach and codesign approaches established closer engagement between the Karen community and Bendigo Community Health Services (BCHS). This case study is explored through semi-structured interviews conducted face-to-face and via videoconferencing with key Karen community leaders, Karen community members, vaccination clinic volunteers, and BCHS staff and bicultural workers. A hybrid approach that employed community outreach and codesign approaches in tandem built trust and closer ties between the Karen community and BCHS, leading to increased understanding and compliance with COVID-19 safe messages and vaccination uptake. Community-led innovations included codesign of COVID-19 fact sheets and videos in the Karen language, involvement of "local champions," assisting Karen businesses with COVID-19 safe plans, and creation of a COVID-19 information hotline. The latter was facilitated by BCHS bicultural staff. These innovations supported the delivery of vaccination clinics at the local Karen Temple. Embedding multi-level, tailored, and responsive public health approaches is particularly important in complex settings where there are disproportionately high levels of community disadvantage, as occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Davis
- The Centre for Social Impact, Faculty of Business and Law, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Hilary Davis,
| | - Shandell Elmer
- The Centre for Global Health and Equity, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaye Graves
- Bendigo Community Health Services, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Caitlin Learmonth
- The Centre for Social Impact, Faculty of Business and Law, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Rhodes SD, Tanner AE, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Hall MA, Bertoni AG, McCoy TP, Aguilar-Palma SK, Garcia M, Miranda D, Turner MJ. Increasing COVID-19 testing and vaccination among Spanish speakers in the USA: protocol for the development and evaluation of the Nuestra Comunidad Saludable intervention using a group-randomised trial design. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066585. [PMID: 36385019 PMCID: PMC9670094 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our community-based participatory research partnership aims to expand understanding of the social, ethical and behavioural implications of COVID-19 testing and vaccination to inform the development of an integrated intervention that harnesses community-based peer navigation and mHealth strategies to improve COVID-19 testing and vaccination; test the intervention; and develop and disseminate practice, research and policy recommendations to further increase COVID-19 testing and vaccination among Spanish-speaking Latine communities in the USA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct 50 individual in-depth interviews with health providers, who have conducted COVID-19 testing and/or vaccination activities within Spanish-speaking communities, and with representatives from Latine-serving community-based organisations. We will also conduct six focus groups with 8-12 Spanish-speaking Latine community member participants each for a total number of about 60 focus group participants. Next, we will develop the Nuestra Comunidad Saludable intervention based on findings from interviews and focus groups and use a longitudinal group-randomised trial design with two arms (intervention and delayed intervention) to evaluate the impact of the intervention. We will recruit, enrol and collect baseline data from 20 community-based peer navigators (Navegantes) and their social network members (n=8 unique social network members per Navegante). Navegantes (coupled with their social networks) will be randomised to intervention or delayed intervention groups (10 Navegantes and 80 social network members per group). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for data collection was granted by the Wake Forest University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board. Following the description of study procedures, we will obtain consent from all study participants. Study findings will be disseminated through an empowerment theory-based community forum, peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific meetings, and reports and briefs for lay, community and practitioner audiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05302908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda E Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Hall
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas P McCoy
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Manuel Garcia
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Doorn N. Wastewater research and surveillance: an ethical exploration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE : WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 8:2431-2438. [PMID: 36353217 PMCID: PMC9609648 DOI: 10.1039/d2ew00127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has given wastewater research a huge impetus. While wastewater research has some promising applications, there are as yet no well-developed ethical guidelines on how and under what conditions to use wastewater research. The current perspective paper aims to explore the different ethical questions pertaining to wastewater research and surveillance and to provide some tentative guidelines on the desirability of different types of applications. This paper shows that wastewater research offers interesting possibilities, but that legal regulation and ethical guidelines are still lacking, while there are ethical risks involved. The perspective indicates that it is important to look beyond the regulation of data collection and to shift the focus to the question how the analysis and use of wastewater data can be supervised.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Doorn
- Department of Technology, Policy and Management - Values, Technology and Innovation, Delft University of Technology PO Box 5015 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands
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19
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Turner GM, Heron N, Crow J, Kontou E, Hughes S. Stroke and TIA Survivors' Perceptions of the COVID-19 Vaccine and Influences on Its Uptake: Cross Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113861. [PMID: 36360742 PMCID: PMC9658254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who have experienced a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) have greater risks of complications from COVID-19. Therefore, vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population is important. To prevent vaccine hesitancy and maximise compliance, we need to better understand individuals' views on the vaccine. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore perspectives of the COVID-19 vaccine and influences on its uptake from people who have experienced a stroke or TIA. METHOD A cross-sectional, electronic survey comprising multiple choice and free text questions. Convenience sampling was used to recruit people who have experienced a stroke/TIA in the UK/Ireland. RESULTS The survey was completed by 377 stroke/TIA survivors. 87% (328/377) had either received the first vaccine dose or were booked to have it. The vaccine was declined by 2% (7/377) and 3% (11/377) had been offered the vaccine but not yet taken it up. 8% (30/377) had not been offered the vaccine despite being eligible. Some people expressed concerns around the safety of the vaccine (particularly risk of blood clots and stroke) and some were hesitant to have the second vaccine. Societal and personal benefits were motivations for vaccine uptake. There was uncertainty and lack of information about risk of COVID-19 related complications specifically for people who have experienced a stroke or TIA. CONCLUSION Despite high uptake of the first vaccine, some people with stroke and TIA have legitimate concerns and information needs that should be addressed. Our findings can be used to identify targets for behaviour change to improve vaccine uptake specific to stroke/TIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Turner
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jennifer Crow
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Eirini Kontou
- Institute of Mental Health, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham NG3 6AA, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sally Hughes
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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20
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Pérez Jolles M, Willging CE, Stadnick NA, Crable EL, Lengnick-Hall R, Hawkins J, Aarons GA. Understanding implementation research collaborations from a co-creation lens: Recommendations for a path forward. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 2:942658. [PMID: 36908715 PMCID: PMC10003830 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.942658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing calls within the field of implementation science (IS) research seek to promote active engagement of diverse and often disenfranchised stakeholder voices to increase buy-in, fidelity, outcome relevance, and sustainment of evidence-based practices (EBPs). Including such voices requires cultural humility and the integration of multiple perspectives and values among organizations, groups, and individuals. However, the IS field lacks guidance for researchers on structuring collaborative approaches to promote a co-created process (i.e., synergistic approach to goal attainment). We contend that improved operationalization of co-created implementation collaborations is critical to sparking synergy and addressing differentials based on power, privilege, knowledge, and access to resources among stakeholders. These differentials can undermine future implementation and sustainment efforts if not addressed early in the research effort. An insufficient understanding of the guiding principles of co-created implementation collaborations may limit the scientific value of evaluation processes, and researchers' ability to replicate outcomes. We propose a perspective foregrounded in the concept of co-creation to guide the structuring of implementation collaboratives through five principles. We offer three case examples informed by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) Framework to illustrate the application of these co-creation principles. Lastly, we offer recommendations for promoting co-creation in IS research moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pérez Jolles
- ACCORDS Dissemination and Implementation Science Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cathleen E. Willging
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation—Southwest Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Nicole A. Stadnick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Erika L. Crable
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Jemma Hawkins
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A. Aarons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
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21
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Kuo GM, Trinkley KE, Rabin B. Research and Scholarly Methods: Implementation Science Studies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2022; 5:995-1004. [PMID: 36212610 PMCID: PMC9534307 DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Traditional research focuses on efficacy or effectiveness of interventions but lacks evaluation of strategies needed for equitable uptake, scalable implementation, and sustainable evidence-based practice transformation. The purpose of this introductory review is to describe key implementation science (IS) concepts as they apply to medication management and pharmacy practice, and to provide guidance on literature review with an IS lens. There are five key ingredients of IS, including: (1) evidence-based intervention; (2) implementation strategies; (3) IS theory, model, or framework; (4) IS outcomes and measures; and (5) stakeholder engagement, which is key to a successful implementation. These key ingredients apply across the three stages of IS research: (1) pre-implementation; (2) implementation; and (3) sustainment. A case example using a combination of IS models, PRISM (Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability model) and RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance), is included to describe how an IS study is designed and conducted. This case is a cluster randomized trial comparing two clinical decision support tools to improve guideline-concordant prescribing for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. The review also includes information on the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI), which is used for literature review and reporting of IS studies,as well as IS-related learning resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Kuo
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Professor Emerita at University of California San Diego; Address: 1300 S. Coulter Street, Suite 104, Amarillo, TX 79106
| | - Katy E Trinkley
- University of Colorado Skaggs Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, Colorado
| | - Borsika Rabin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and Co-Director of the UC San Diego ACTRI Dissemination and Implementation Science Center at University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
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22
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Kilbourne AM, Garrido MM, Brown A. Translating Research into Policy and Action. Health Serv Res 2022; 57 Suppl 1:5-8. [PMID: 35362119 PMCID: PMC9108221 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Kilbourne
- Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.,Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan
| | - Melissa M Garrido
- Partnered Evidence-based Policy Resource Center, VA Boston Healthcare System.,Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Arleen Brown
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA School of Medicine.,Olive View-UCLA Medical Center
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23
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Casillas A, Rosas LG, Carson SL, Orechwa A, North G, AuYoung M, Kim G, Guereca JA, Ramers CB, Burke NJ, Corchado CG, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Cheney A, Rabin BA, Stadnick NA, Oswald W, Cabrera A, Sorkin DH, Zaldivar F, Wong W, Yerraguntala AS, Vassar SD, Wright AL, Washington DL, Norris KC, Brown AF. STOP COVID-19 CA: Community engagement to address the disparate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in California. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 2:935297. [PMID: 36925779 PMCID: PMC10012632 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.935297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe the early activities and lessons of the Share, Trust, Organize, Partner COVID-19 California Alliance (STOP COVID-19 CA), the California awardee of the NIH-funded multi-state Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) against COVID-19. The Alliance was established to ensure equity in Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) research, clinical practice, and public health for communities most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Study setting The STOP COVID-19 CA Alliance network of 11 universities and affiliated partner community-based organizations (CBOs) across California. Study design Mixed methods evaluation consisting of an analysis of activity (August 2020 to December 2021) detailed in reports submitted by community-academic teams and a survey (August 2021) of academic investigators and affiliated community-based organization (CBO) partners. Data collection We summarized activities from the 11 community-academic teams' progress reports and described results from an online survey of academic investigators and CBO partners in the California Alliance. Principal findings A review of progress reports (n = 256) showed that teams fielded surveys to 11,000 Californians, conducted 133 focus groups, partnered with 29 vaccine/therapeutics clinical trials, and led more than 300 town halls and vaccine events that reached Californians from communities disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Survey responses from academic investigators and CBO partners emphasized the importance of learning from the successes and challenges of the California Alliance teams' COVID-19 initiatives. Both academic and CBO respondents highlighted the need for streamlined federal and institutional administrative policies, and fiscal practices to promote more effective and timely operations of teams in their efforts to address the numerous underlying health and social disparities that predispose their communities to higher rates of, and poor outcomes from, COVID-19. Conclusions STOP COVID-19 CA represents a new and potentially sustainable statewide community engagement model for addressing health disparities in multiethnic/multicultural and geographically dispersed communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Casillas
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lisa G Rosas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Savanna L Carson
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Allison Orechwa
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gemma North
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Gloria Kim
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesus A Guereca
- Laura Rodriguez Research Institute Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christian B Ramers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nancy J Burke
- Public Health Department, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | | | - Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities and Community Engagement Program of the Clinical and Translational Science Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ann Cheney
- Department of Social Medicine Population and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Borsika A Rabin
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicole A Stadnick
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - William Oswald
- The Global Action Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Abby Cabrera
- Center for Excellence in Primary Care, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dara H Sorkin
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Wennie Wong
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anusha S Yerraguntala
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stefanie D Vassar
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aziza Lucas Wright
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,South Central Prevention Coalition, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Donna L Washington
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith C Norris
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arleen F Brown
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Olive View Medical Center, Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sylmar, CA, United States
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