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Wang Y, Wen J, Liu L, Chen J, Wang C, Li Z, Wang G, Pichersky E, Xu H. Engineering of tomato type VI glandular trichomes for trans-chrysanthemic acid biosynthesis, the acid moiety of natural pyrethrin insecticides. Metab Eng 2022; 72:188-199. [PMID: 35339691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes, known as metabolic cell factories, have been proposed as highly suitable for metabolically engineering the production of plant high-value specialized metabolites. Natural pyrethrins, found only in Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), are insecticides with low mammalian toxicity and short environmental persistence. Type I pyrethrins are esters of the monoterpenoid trans-chrysanthemic acid with one of the three rethrolone-type alcohols. To test if glandular trichomes can be made to synthesize trans-chrysanthemic acid, we reconstructed its biosynthetic pathway in tomato type VI glandular trichomes, which produce large amounts of terpenoids that share the precursor dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) with this acid. This was achieved by coexpressing the trans-chrysanthemic acid pathway related genes including TcCDS encoding chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase and the fusion gene of TcADH2 encoding the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 linked with TcALDH1 encoding the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 under the control of a newly identified type VI glandular trichome-specific metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitor promoter. Whole tomato leaves harboring type VI glandular trichomes expressing all three aformentioned genes had a concentration of total trans-chrysanthemic acid that was about 1.5-fold higher (by mole number) than the levels of β-phellandrene, the dominant monoterpene present in non-transgenic leaves, while the levels of β-phellandrene and the representative sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene in transgenic leaves were reduced by 96% and 81%, respectively. These results suggest that the tomato type VI glandular trichome is an alternative platform for the biosynthesis of trans-chrysanthemic acid by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Chu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Haiyang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Gaspe MS, Cardinal MV, Fernández MDP, Vassena CV, Santo-Orihuela PL, Enriquez GF, Alvedro A, Laiño MA, Nattero J, Alvarado-Otegui JA, Macchiaverna NP, Cecere MC, Freilij H, Gürtler RE. Improved vector control of Triatoma infestans limited by emerging pyrethroid resistance across an urban-to-rural gradient in the Argentine Chaco. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:437. [PMID: 34454569 PMCID: PMC8401064 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sustainable elimination of Triatoma infestans in the Gran Chaco region represents an enduring challenge. Following the limited effects of a routine pyrethroid insecticide spraying campaign conducted over 2011–2013 (first period) in Avia Terai, an endemic municipality with approximately 2300 houses, we implemented a rapid-impact intervention package to suppress house infestation across the urban-to-rural gradient over 2015–2019 (second period). Here, we assess their impacts and whether persisting infestations were associated with pyrethroid resistance. Methods The 2011–2013 campaign achieved a limited detection and spray coverage across settings (< 68%), more so during the surveillance phase. Following community mobilization and school-based interventions, the 2015–2019 program assessed baseline house infestation using a stratified sampling strategy; sprayed all rural houses with suspension concentrate beta-cypermethrin, and selectively sprayed infested and adjacent houses in urban and peri-urban settings; and monitored house infestation and performed selective treatments over the follow-up. Results Over the first period, house infestation returned to pre-intervention levels within 3–4 years. The adjusted relative odds of house infestation between 2011–2013 and 2015–2016 differed very little (adj. OR: 1.17, 95% CI 0.91–1.51). Over the second period, infestation decreased significantly between 0 and 1 year post-spraying (YPS) (adj. OR: 0.36, 95% CI 0.28–0.46), with heterogeneous effects across the gradient. Mean bug abundance also dropped between 0 and 1 YPS and thereafter remained stable in rural and peri-urban areas. Using multiple regression models, house infestation and bug abundance at 1 YPS were 3–4 times higher if the house had been infested before treatment, or was scored as high-risk or non-participating. No low-risk house was ever infested. Persistent foci over two successive surveys increased from 30.0 to 59.3% across the gradient. Infestation was more concentrated in peridomestic rather than domestic habitats. Discriminating-dose bioassays showed incipient or moderate pyrethroid resistance in 7% of 28 triatomine populations collected over 2015–2016 and in 83% of 52 post-spraying populations. Conclusions The intervention package was substantially more effective than the routine insecticide spraying campaign, though the effects were lower than predicted due to unexpected incipient or moderate pyrethroid resistance. Increased awareness and diagnosis of vector control failures in the Gran Chaco, including appropriate remedial actions, are greatly needed. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04942-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Gaspe
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marta Victoria Cardinal
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Pilar Fernández
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Allen Center, 1155 College Ave., Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Claudia Viviana Vassena
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN, CONICET/UNIDEF/CITEDEF), Juan Bautista La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, CP 1603, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Luis Santo-Orihuela
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN, CONICET/UNIDEF/CITEDEF), Juan Bautista La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, CP 1603, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Fabián Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Alvedro
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Alberto Laiño
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Antonio Alvarado-Otegui
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paula Macchiaverna
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Carla Cecere
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor Freilij
- Servicio de Parasitología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación en Patologías Pediátricas, CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Esteban Gürtler
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Insights into the evolution and dispersion of pyrethroid resistance among sylvatic Andean Triatoma infestans from Bolivia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 90:104759. [PMID: 33556557 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sylvatic populations of Triatoma infestans represent a challenge to Chagas disease control as they are not targeted by vector control activities and may play a key role in post-spraying house re-infestation. Understanding sylvatic foci distribution and gene flow between sylvatic and domestic populations is crucial to optimize vector control interventions and elucidate the development and spread of insecticide resistance. Herein, the genetic profiles of five Andean T. infestans populations from Bolivia with distinct insecticide susceptibility profiles were compared. Multilocus genotypes based on eight microsatellites and the DNA sequence of a fragment of the cytochrome B (cytB) gene were obtained for 92 individuals. CytB haplotypes were analyzed with previously reported Bolivian T. infestans haplotypes to evaluate putative historical gene flow among populations. Each specimen was also screened for two nucleotide mutations in the sodium channel gene (kdr), related to pyrethroid resistance (L1014 and L9251). Significant genetic differentiation was observed among all populations, although individuals of admixed origin were detected in four of them. Notably, the genetic profiles of adjacent domestic and sylvatic populations of Mataral, characterized by higher levels of insecticide resistance, support their common ancestry. Only one sylvatic individual from Mataral carried the kdr mutation L1014, suggesting that this mechanism is unlikely to cause the altered insecticide susceptibility observed in these populations. However, as the resistance mutation is present in the area, it has the potential to be selected under insecticidal pressure. Genetic comparisons of these populations suggest that insecticide resistance is likely conferred by ancient trait(s) in T. infestans sylvatic populations, which are capable of invading domiciles. These results emphasize the need for stronger entomological surveillance in the region, including early detection of house invasion, particularly post-spraying, monitoring for resistance to pyrethroids and the design of integrative control actions that consider sylvatic foci around domestic settings and their dispersion dynamics.
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Lybrand DB, Xu H, Last RL, Pichersky E. How Plants Synthesize Pyrethrins: Safe and Biodegradable Insecticides. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1240-1251. [PMID: 32690362 PMCID: PMC7677217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural pyrethrin insecticides produced by Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) have low mammalian toxicity and short environmental persistence, providing an alternative to widely used synthetic agricultural insecticides that pose a threat to human health and the environment. A recent surge of interest in the use of pyrethrins as agricultural insecticides coincides with the discovery of several new genes in the pyrethrin biosynthetic pathway. Elucidation of this pathway facilitates efforts to breed improved pyrethrum varieties and to engineer plants with improved endogenous defenses or hosts for heterologous pyrethrin production. We describe the current state of knowledge related to global pyrethrum production, the pyrethrin biosynthetic pathway and its regulation, and recent efforts to engineer the pyrethrin pathway in diverse plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Lybrand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Fronza G, Roca-Acevedo G, Mougabure-Cueto GA, Sierra I, Capriotti N, Toloza AC. Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Triatoma infestans (Reduviidae: Triatominae): The Putative Role of Enhanced Detoxification and Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Allele in a Resistant Hotspot From the Argentine Chaco. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:837-844. [PMID: 31901169 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease affects around 6 million people in the world, and in Latin America, it is mainly transmitted by the kissing bug. Chemical control of the vector with pyrethroid insecticides has been the most frequently used tool to reduce the disease incidence. Failures of field control have been detected in areas of the Argentinian Gran Chaco that correlate with high levels of insecticide resistance. Here, we provide evidence of the mechanisms involved in the resistance to insecticides of field populations of T. infestans from General Güemes Department (Chaco Province, Argentina). The biochemical analysis suggests the increase in the activity of the degradative enzymes P450 oxidases and esterases as a minor contributive mechanism in low-resistance populations. The molecular study revealed high frequencies of the kdr L925I mutation at the voltage-gated sodium channel as responsible for the high resistance ratios detected. This knowledge contributes to the generation of comprehensive vector control strategies that reduce the incidence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Fronza
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF/CONICET), Juan B. de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (UNSAM/CONICET), 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Roca-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF/CONICET), Juan B. de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gaston A Mougabure-Cueto
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Triatominos, Centro de Referencia de Vectores (Coordinación de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social), Pabellón Rawson s/n, Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ivana Sierra
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos, Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos (UNLP), Boulevard 120 1461, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Capriotti
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos, Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos (UNLP), Boulevard 120 1461, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel C Toloza
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF/CONICET), Juan B. de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Calderón JM, Fuya P, Santacoloma L, González C. Deltamethrin resistance in Chagas disease vectors colonizing oil palm plantations: implications for vector control strategies in a public health-agriculture interface. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:163. [PMID: 32245509 PMCID: PMC7118854 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatomine bugs are responsible for the vectorial transmission of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease, a zoonosis affecting 10 million people and with 25 million at risk of infection. Several triatomine species of the genus Rhodnius have been found inhabiting palm crowns where insects can find shelter in leaves axils and blood from palm-associated vertebrates. Rhodnius prolixus insects have been collected in oil palms in Colombia, and high T. cruzi infection rates were found. Since pest control is carried out in oil palm plantations, continuous exposure to insecticides could be occurring in these triatomines. Some insecticides suggested for pest control in oil palm plantations are also recommended for triatomine control in human dwellings. In this study, our objective was to assess if triatomines inhabiting oil palms exhibit resistance to deltamethrin, an insecticide used for vector control. Methods Rhodnius prolixus nymphs were sampled in oil palms located in Tauramena, Colombia. To determine deltamethrin resistance, biological and biochemical assays were carried out on fifth-instar nymphs from the F1 generation. For biological assays, pure and commercial deltamethrin were used, and in biochemical assays, activities of detoxifying enzymes related to pyrethroid resistance, such as oxidases, esterases and transferases, were quantified. Results Deltamethrin lethal dosage 50 and 90 in R. prolixus from oil palms was significantly higher than in those from a susceptible colony suggesting possible deltamethrin resistance. Moreover, mortality with commercial deltamethrin was very low in insects from oil palms. In biochemical assays, the activity of evaluated detoxifying enzymes was significantly higher in R. prolixus from oil palms than in those from the susceptible colony. Conclusions Possible deltamethrin resistance found in R. prolixus insects from oil palms could threaten traditional vector control strategies in urban settings if insecticide-resistant triatomines can migrate from oil palms plantations. In palm oil producer countries such as Colombia, the oil palm plantations are growing constantly during the last years. We suggest that pest control strategies in oil palm crops should include triatomine surveillance and toxicological monitoring, especially in zones with several Chagas disease cases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Calderón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Patricia Fuya
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Liliana Santacoloma
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Meraz-Medina T, Nogueda-Torres B, Villagrán-Herrera ME, de Diego-Cabrera JA. Life-History Data of a Mexican Population of Triatoma nitida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:33-38. [PMID: 31603199 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the third collection of Triatoma nitida Usinger in Mexico, with a brief description of the collection area and an investigation of parameters related to its vectorial capacity. Whether a triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species is a primary or secondary vector is determined by factors that include vectorial capacity, anthropophilic habits, geographic distribution, and capacity to invade and colonize human dwellings. However, when the primary vectors are removed, secondary vectors, such as T. nitida, can become important transmitters of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas to humans. To estimate the vectorial capacity of T. nitida, the egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals required to molt to the adult stage, accumulative mortality, onset time for feeding, and feeding and defecation times were examined. Triatoma nitida (n = 100) required a median of 590 d to complete its development time, with a median of 31 blood meals. Almost half (46.5%) of the nymphs died during the cycle. The onset of feeding time exceeded 5 min in all nymphal instars (except on fourth-instar) and adults and feeding times exceeded 22 min in all instars, except on first-instar nymphs. No defecation was observed for 65.6% (n = 383) of the triatomines during a 30-min observation period. Based on the six parameters, the vectorial capacity of T. nitida should be considered as low. However, surveillance programs should include this species because the potential importance of T. nitida as a vector has been demonstrated in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Tzintli Meraz-Medina
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Benjamin Nogueda-Torres
- Becario de COFAA, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María E Villagrán-Herrera
- Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Jose A de Diego-Cabrera
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Davila-Barboza J, Karina Villanueva-Segura O, Ponce-Garcia G, Lopez-Monroy B, P Rodiguez-Sanchez I, Flores AE. First report of two kdr mutations L1014F/S in natural populations of Triatoma pallidipennis Stal and Triatoma picturata Usinger vectors of Chagas disease in Mexico. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2019; 44:285-289. [PMID: 31729797 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Davila-Barboza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico
| | - O Karina Villanueva-Segura
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodiguez-Sanchez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas. Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. 66455, Mexico
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