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Riveros ME, Leibold NK, Retamal MA, Ezquer F. Role of histaminergic regulation of astrocytes in alcohol use disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111009. [PMID: 38653364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a severe, yet not fully understood, mental health problem. It is associated with liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal diseases, thereby highly increasing the morbidity and mortality of these individuals. Currently, there is no effective and safe pharmacological therapy for AUD. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase our knowledge about its neurophysiological etiology to develop new treatments specifically targeted at this health condition. Recent findings have shown an upregulation in the histaminergic system both in alcohol dependent individuals and in animals with high alcohol preference. The use of H3 histaminergic receptor antagonists has given promising therapeutic results in animal models of AUD. Interestingly, astrocytes, which are ubiquitously present in the brain, express the three main histamine receptors (H1, H2 and H3), and in the last few years, several studies have shown that astrocytes could play an important role in the development and maintenance of AUD. Accordingly, alterations in the density of astrocytes in brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and hippocampus that are critical for AUD-related characteristics have been observed. These characteristics include addiction, impulsivity, motor function, and aggression. In this work, we review the current state of knowledge on the relationship between the histaminergic system and astrocytes in AUD and propose that histamine could increase alcohol tolerance by protecting astrocytes from ethanol-induced oxidative stress. This increased tolerance could lead to high levels of alcohol intake and therefore could be a key factor in the development of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Riveros
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nicole K Leibold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Comunicación Celular en Cáncer, Instituto de Ciencia e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencia e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago. Chile; Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile
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James BC, Cox AJ, Lewohl JM. Current trends in the role of neuroinflammation & α-synuclein in alcohol use disorder: A systematic quantitative literature review. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1209-1220. [PMID: 38724887 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative effects alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been well characterized and are likely due to the long-term effects of alcohol on the brain. The molecular events that underlie regional neuronal loss are a focus of current research. Chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, termed neuroinflammation, contributes to the progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Using data from genome-wide association studies and genetic and gene expression data, α-synuclein was identified as a gene of interest for AUD almost 10 years ago. Despite this and the well-recognized role of α-synuclein in mediating neuroinflammation in other neurodegenerative diseases, its role in alcohol-induced brain damage and AUD is yet to be elucidated. This systematic literature review quantifies and analyzes relationships between AUD, α-synuclein, and neuroinflammation. The review identified fewer studies focused on the role in AUD of α-synuclein (30) than on neuroinflammation (177), with published studies heavily centered on the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. The systematic review revealed that no original literature investigates the roles of α-synuclein and neuroinflammation in AUD and that there are significantly fewer published articles on the role of α-synuclein in AUD than in other neuroinflammatory conditions. Studies of the role of neuroinflammation in AUD are largely centered on the TLR4 signaling cascade, followed by TLR2 and TLR3, and soluble cytokines such as IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Key research themes identified in other neurodegenerative disorders provide new insights for further investigation in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C James
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne M Lewohl
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Quezada M, Ponce C, Berríos‐Cárcamo P, Santapau D, Gallardo J, De Gregorio C, Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Ezquer M, Herrera‐Marschitz M, Israel Y, Andrés‐Herrera P, Hipólito L, Ezquer F. Amelioration of morphine withdrawal syndrome by systemic and intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome in preclinical models of morphine dependence. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14517. [PMID: 37927136 PMCID: PMC11017443 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphine is an opiate commonly used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, prolonged administration can lead to physical dependence and strong withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of morphine use. These symptoms can include anxiety, irritability, increased heart rate, and muscle cramps, which strongly promote morphine use relapse. The morphine-induced increases in neuroinflammation, brain oxidative stress, and alteration of glutamate levels in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens have been associated with morphine dependence and a higher severity of withdrawal symptoms. Due to its rich content in potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant factors, secretome derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is proposed as a preclinical therapeutic tool for the treatment of this complex neurological condition associated with neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress. METHODS Two animal models of morphine dependence were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of hMSC-derived secretome in reducing morphine withdrawal signs. In the first model, rats were implanted subcutaneously with mini-pumps which released morphine at a concentration of 10 mg/kg/day for seven days. Three days after pump implantation, animals were treated with a simultaneous intravenous and intranasal administration of hMSC-derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were precipitated on day seven by i.p. naloxone administration. In this model, brain alterations associated with withdrawal were also analyzed before withdrawal precipitation. In the second animal model, rats voluntarily consuming morphine for three weeks were intravenously and intranasally treated with hMSC-derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were induced by morphine deprivation. RESULTS In both animal models secretome administration induced a significant reduction of withdrawal signs, as shown by a reduction in a combined withdrawal score. Secretome administration also promoted a reduction in morphine-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, while no changes were observed in extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSION Data presented from two animal models of morphine dependence suggest that administration of secretome derived from hMSCs reduces the development of opioid withdrawal signs, which correlates with a reduction in neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Quezada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Carolina Ponce
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Pablo Berríos‐Cárcamo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Javiera Gallardo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Cristian De Gregorio
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Paola Morales
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Mario Herrera‐Marschitz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Paula Andrés‐Herrera
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and ParasitologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Lucia Hipólito
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and ParasitologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
- University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use DisordersSantiagoChile
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Cuadra B, Silva V, Huang YL, Diaz Y, Rivas C, Molina C, Simon V, Bono MR, Morales B, Rosemblatt M, Silva S, Acuña R, Ezquer F, Ezquer M. The Immunoregulatory and Regenerative Potential of Activated Human Stem Cell Secretome Mitigates Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2073. [PMID: 38396750 PMCID: PMC10889754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome marked by sudden liver function decline and multiorgan failure, predominantly acute kidney injury (AKY), in patients with chronic liver disease. Unregulated inflammation is a hallmark of ACLF; however, the key drivers of ACLF are not fully understood. This study explores the therapeutic properties of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome, particularly focusing on its enhanced anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative properties after the in vitro preconditioning of the cells. We evaluated the efficacy of the systemic administration of MSC secretome in preventing liver failure and AKI in a rat ACLF model where chronic liver disease was induced using by the administration of porcine serum, followed by D-galN/LPS administration to induce acute failure. After ACLF induction, animals were treated with saline (ACLF group) or MSC-derived secretome (ACLF-secretome group). The study revealed that MSC-secretome administration strongly reduced liver histological damage in the ACLF group, which was correlated with higher hepatocyte proliferation, increased hepatic and systemic anti-inflammatory molecule levels, and reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. Additionally, renal examination revealed that MSC-secretome treatment mitigated tubular injuries, reduced apoptosis, and downregulated injury markers. These improvements were linked to increased survival rates in the ACLF-secretome group, endorsing MSC secretomes as a promising therapy for multiorgan failure in ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cuadra
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Veronica Silva
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Ya-Lin Huang
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Yael Diaz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Y.D.); (C.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Rivas
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Y.D.); (C.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristobal Molina
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Y.D.); (C.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Valeska Simon
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800020, Chile; (V.S.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maria Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800020, Chile; (V.S.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Atrys Chile, Guardia Vieja 339, Providencia, Santiago 7510249, Chile;
| | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Centro de Ciencia & Vida, Av. Del Valle Norte 725, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580702, Chile;
| | - Sebastian Silva
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Rodrigo Acuña
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
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Dousti Kataj P, Vousooghi N, Hadjighassem M, Farahmandfar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S. Evaluation of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells injection in the nucleus accumbens on the morphine reinstatement behavior in a conditioned place preference model in Wistar rat: Expression changes of NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3. Behav Brain Res 2023; 444:114360. [PMID: 36854364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently shown to improve functional recovery in animal models of CNS disorders and are currently being examined in clinical studies for sclerosis, stroke, and CNS lesions. The activation of endogenous CNS protection and repair mechanisms is unclear. MSC-based approaches are considered a new potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This study was designed to discover the effect of MSCs injection in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the reinstatement of behavior in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. The CPP was induced via intra-peritoneal (i.p.) morphine injection (5 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. After being tested for CPP induction, animals received MSCs or culture medium (DMEM F-12) in their NAc using stereotaxic surgery. Following extinction, a priming dose of morphine (2 mg/kg) was administered to induce reinstatement. Expression of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor and the NT-3 gene in the NAc was assessed on the last day of extinction and following CPP reinstatement. The results showed that local injection of MSCs attenuated reinstatement after receiving a priming dose of morphine, and also shortened the period of CPP extinction. The mRNA expression of the NT-3 gene in the group receiving MSCs was increased compared to control animals, as was observed for GluN1 and GluN2B, but not GluN2A. It is concluded that intra-NAc injection of MSCs may facilitate morphine extinction and alleviate reinstatement behavior which may be via expression changes in NMDA receptor subunits and NT-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Dousti Kataj
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Effect of human mesenchymal stem cell secretome administration on morphine self-administration and relapse in two animal models of opioid dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:462. [PMID: 36333316 PMCID: PMC9636200 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the possible therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome on morphine dependence and relapse. This was studied in a new model of chronic voluntary morphine intake in Wistar rats which shows classic signs of morphine intoxication and a severe naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome. A single intranasal-systemic administration of MSCs secretome fully inhibited (>95%; p < 0.001) voluntary morphine intake and reduced the post-deprivation relapse intake by 50% (p < 0.02). Since several studies suggest a significant genetic contribution to the chronic use of many addictive drugs, the effect of MSCs secretome on morphine self-administration was further studied in rats bred as high alcohol consumers (UChB rats). Sub-chronic intraperitoneal administration of morphine before access to increasing concentrations of morphine solutions and water were available to the animals, led UChB rats to prefer ingesting morphine solutions over water, attaining levels of oral morphine intake in the range of those in the Wistar model. Intranasally administered MSCs secretome to UChB rats dose-dependently inhibited morphine self-administration by 72% (p < 0.001); while a single intranasal dose of MSC-secretome administered during a morphine deprivation period imposed on chronic morphine consumer UChB rats inhibited re-access morphine relapse intake by 80 to 85% (p < 0.0001). Both in the Wistar and the UChB rat models, MSCs-secretome administration reversed the morphine-induced increases in brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, considered as key engines perpetuating drug relapse. Overall, present preclinical studies suggest that products secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells may be of value in the treatment of opioid addiction.
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Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Santapau D, Munita JM, Moya-Flores F, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. A dual treatment blocks alcohol binge-drinking relapse: Microbiota as a new player. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 236:109466. [PMID: 35489181 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gut microbiota communicates information to the brain. Some animals are born with a gut microbiota that predisposes to high alcohol consumption, and transplantation of fecal material from alcoholics to mice increases animal preference for ethanol. Alcohol-use-disorders are chronic conditions where relapse is the hallmark. A predictive animal model of relapse is the "alcohol deprivation effect" where ethanol re-access is allowed following chronic alcohol intake and a long alcohol deprivation. The present study evaluates the effect of gut microbiota modification on relapse, as an adjunct to N-acetylcysteine + Acetylsalicylic acid administration, which inhibits the alcohol-induced hyper-glutamatergic condition. METHODS Rats bred as heavy alcohol consumers (UChB) were allowed ethanol intake for one month, were deprived of alcohol for two-weeks and subsequently offered re-access to ethanol. Prior to ethanol re-access animals received orally either (i) vehicle-control, (ii) Lactobacillus-rhamnosus-GG after antibiotic treatment (LGG); (iii) N-acetylcysteine+Acetylsalicylic acid (NAC/ASA) or (iv) both treatments: LGG+ (NAC/ASA). RESULTS Marked binge drinking (1.75 g ethanol/kg in 60 min) and blood alcohol levels exceeding 80 mg/dl were observed in the control group upon ethanol-re-access. Lactobacillus-GG or (NAC+ASA) treatments inhibited alcohol intake by 66-80%. The combination of both treatments virtually suppressed (inhibition of 90%) the re-access binge-like drinking, showing additive effects. Treatment with NAC+ASA increased the levels of glutamate transporters xCT and GLT-1 in nucleus accumbens, while Lactobacillus-GG administration increased those of the dopamine transporter (DAT). CONCLUSIONS The administration of a well-accepted probiotic may be of value as an adjunct in the treatment of alcohol-use-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile.
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Munita
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Moya-Flores
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Berríos-Cárcamo P, Quezada M, Santapau D, Morales P, Olivares B, Ponce C, Ávila A, De Gregorio C, Ezquer M, Quintanilla ME, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y, Ezquer F. A Novel Morphine Drinking Model of Opioid Dependence in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073874. [PMID: 35409269 PMCID: PMC8999131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An animal model of voluntary oral morphine consumption would allow for a pre-clinical evaluation of new treatments aimed at reducing opioid intake in humans. However, the main limitation of oral morphine consumption in rodents is its bitter taste, which is strongly aversive. Taste aversion is often overcome by the use of adulterants, such as sweeteners, to conceal morphine taste or bitterants in the alternative bottle to equalize aversion. However, the adulterants’ presence is the cause for consumption choice and, upon removal, the preference for morphine is not preserved. Thus, current animal models are not suitable to study treatments aimed at reducing consumption elicited by morphine itself. Since taste preference is a learned behavior, just-weaned rats were trained to accept a bitter taste, adding the bitterant quinine to their drinking water for one week. The latter was followed by allowing the choice of quinine or morphine (0.15 mg/mL) solutions for two weeks. Then, quinine was removed, and the preference for morphine against water was evaluated. Using this paradigm, we show that rats highly preferred the consumption of morphine over water, reaching a voluntary morphine intake of 15 mg/kg/day. Morphine consumption led to significant analgesia and hyperlocomotion, and to a marked deprivation syndrome following the administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone. Voluntary morphine consumption was also shown to generate brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, signs associated with opioid dependence development. We present a robust two-bottle choice animal model of oral morphine self-administration for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of morphine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Berríos-Cárcamo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Mauricio Quezada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Center for Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Carolina Ponce
- Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Alba Ávila
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Cristian De Gregorio
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago 8900000, Chile
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Riveros ME, Ávila A, Schruers K, Ezquer F. Antioxidant Biomolecules and Their Potential for the Treatment of Difficult-to-Treat Depression and Conventional Treatment-Resistant Depression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:540. [PMID: 35326190 PMCID: PMC8944633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a devastating disease affecting an increasing number of people from a young age worldwide, a situation that is expected to be worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. New approaches for the treatment of this disease are urgently needed since available treatments are not effective for all patients, take a long time to produce an effect, and are not well-tolerated in many cases; moreover, they are not safe for all patients. There is solid evidence showing that the antioxidant capacity is lower and the oxidative damage is higher in the brains of depressed patients as compared with healthy controls. Mitochondrial disfunction is associated with depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, and this dysfunction can be an important source of oxidative damage. Additionally, neuroinflammation that is commonly present in the brain of depressive patients highly contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is evidence showing that pro-inflammatory diets can increase depression risk; on the contrary, an anti-inflammatory diet such as the Mediterranean diet can decrease it. Therefore, it is interesting to evaluate the possible role of plant-derived antioxidants in depression treatment and prevention as well as other biomolecules with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential such as the molecules paracrinely secreted by mesenchymal stem cells. In this review, we evaluated the preclinical and clinical evidence showing the potential effects of different antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomolecules as antidepressants, with a focus on difficult-to-treat depression and conventional treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Riveros
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile
| | - Alba Ávila
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Koen Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
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Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Moya‐Flores F, Morales P, Munita JM, Olivares B, Landskron G, Hermoso MA, Ezquer M, Herrera‐Marschitz M, Israel Y. Innate gut microbiota predisposes to high alcohol consumption. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13018. [PMID: 33508889 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is known to be transferred from the mother to their offspring. This study determines whether the innate microbiota of rats selectively bred for generations as high alcohol drinkers play a role in their alcohol intake. Wistar-derived high-drinker UChB rats (intake 10-g ethanol/kg/day) administered nonabsorbable oral antibiotics before allowing access to alcohol, reducing their voluntary ethanol intake by 70%, an inhibition that remained after the antibiotic administration was discontinued. Oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gorbach-Goldin (GG) induced the synthesis of FGF21, a vagal β-Klotho receptor agonist, and partially re-invoked a mechanism that reduces alcohol intake. The vagus nerve constitutes the main axis transferring gut microbiota information to the brain ("microbiota-gut-brain" axis). Bilateral vagotomy inhibited rat alcohol intake by 75%. Neither antibiotic treatment nor vagotomy affected total fluid intake. A microbiota-mediated marked inflammatory environment was observed in the gut of ethanol-naïve high-drinker rats, as gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α; IL-6; IL-1β) was significantly reduced by nonabsorbable antibiotic administration. Gut cytokines are known to activate the vagus nerve, while vagal activation induces pro-rewarding effects in nucleus accumbens. Both alcoholics and alcohol-preferring rats share a marked preference for sweet tastes-likely an evolutionary trait to seek sweet fermented fruits. Saccharin intake by UChB rats was inhibited by 75%-85% by vagotomy or oral antibiotic administration, despite saccharin-induced polydipsia. Overall, data indicate that the mechanisms that normally curtail heavy drinking are inhibited in alcohol-preferring animals and inform a gut microbiota origin. Whether it applies to other mammals and humans merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Maria Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Francisco Moya‐Flores
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB‐R) Santiago Chile
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, School of Medicine Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - José Manuel Munita
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB‐R) Santiago Chile
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, School of Medicine Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Center for Medical Chemistry, School of Medicine Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Glauben Landskron
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine Clínica Alemana‐Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Mario Herrera‐Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
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Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Ezquer F, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Administration of N-acetylcysteine Plus Acetylsalicylic Acid Markedly Inhibits Nicotine Reinstatement Following Chronic Oral Nicotine Intake in Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:617418. [PMID: 33633548 PMCID: PMC7902020 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.617418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotine is the major addictive component of cigarette smoke and the prime culprit of the failure to quit smoking. Common elements perpetuating the use of addictive drugs are (i) cues associated with the setting in which drug was used and (ii) relapse/reinstatement mediated by an increased glutamatergic tone (iii) associated with drug-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Aims The present study assessed the effect of the coadministration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus the anti-inflammatory acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on oral nicotine reinstatement intake following a post-deprivation re-access in female rats that had chronically and voluntarily consumed a nicotine solution orally. The nicotine-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and its effects on the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and XCT mRNA levels in prefrontal cortex were also analyzed. Results The oral coadministration of NAC (40 mg/kg/day) and ASA (15 mg/kg/day) inhibited by 85% of the oral nicotine reinstatement intake compared to control (vehicle), showing an additive effect of both drugs. Acetylsalicylic acid and N-acetylcysteine normalized hippocampal oxidative stress and blunted the hippocampal neuroinflammation observed upon oral nicotine reinstatement. Nicotine downregulated GLT-1 and xCT gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, an effect reversed by N-acetylcysteine, while acetylsalicylic acid reversed the nicotine-induced downregulation of GLT-1 gene expression. The inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine on chronic nicotine intake was blocked by the administration of sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of the xCT transporter. Conclusion Nicotine reinstatement, following post-deprivation of chronic oral nicotine intake, downregulates the mRNA levels of GLT-1 and xCT transporters, an effect reversed by the coadministration of N-acetylcysteine and acetylsalicylic acid, leading to a marked inhibition of nicotine intake. The combination of these drugs may constitute a valuable adjunct in the treatment of nicotine-dependent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Israel Y, Quintanilla ME, Ezquer F, Morales P, Santapau D, Berríos‐Cárcamo P, Ezquer M, Olivares B, Herrera‐Marschitz M. Aspirin and N-acetylcysteine co-administration markedly inhibit chronic ethanol intake and block relapse binge drinking: Role of neuroinflammation-oxidative stress self-perpetuation. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12853. [PMID: 31733014 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intake leads to neuroinflammation and cell injury, proposed to result in alterations that perpetuate alcohol intake and cued relapse. Studies show that brain oxidative stress is consistently associated with alcohol-induced neuroinflammation, and literature implies that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation perpetuate each other. In line with a self-perpetuating mechanism, it is hypothesized that inhibition of either oxidative stress or neuroinflammation could reduce chronic alcohol intake and relapse. The present study conducted on alcohol-preferring rats shows that chronic ethanol intake was inhibited by 50% to 55% by the oral administration of low doses of either the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (40 mg/kg/d) or the anti-inflammatory aspirin (ASA; 15 mg/kg/d), while the co-administration of both dugs led to a 70% to 75% (P < .001) inhibition of chronic alcohol intake. Following chronic alcohol intake, a prolonged alcohol deprivation, and subsequent alcohol re-access, relapse drinking resulted in blood alcohol levels of 95 to 100 mg/dL in 60 minutes, which were reduced by 60% by either N-acetylcysteine or aspirin and by 85% by the co-administration of both drugs (blood alcohol: 10 to 15 mg/dL; P < .001). Alcohol intake either on the chronic phase or following deprivation and re-access led to a 50% reduction of cortical glutamate transporter GLT-1 levels, while aspirin administration fully returned GLT-1 to normal levels. N-acetylcysteine administration did not alter GLT-1 levels, while N-acetylcysteine may activate the cystine/glutamate transport xCT, presynaptically inhibiting relapse. Overall, the study suggests that a neuroinflammation/oxidative stress self-perpetuation cycle maintains chronic alcohol intake and relapse drinking. The co-administration of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents may have translational value in alcohol-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Berríos‐Cárcamo
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Belen Olivares
- Centro de Química Médica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Mario Herrera‐Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile
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Cahill CM, Aleyadeh R, Gao J, Wang C, Rogers JT. Alpha-Synuclein in Alcohol Use Disorder, Connections with Parkinson's Disease and Potential Therapeutic Role of 5' Untranslated Region-Directed Small Molecules. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1465. [PMID: 33096655 PMCID: PMC7589448 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a 140-amino acid (aa) protein encoded by the Synuclein alpha SNCA gene. It is the synaptic protein associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and is the most highly expressed protein in the Lewy bodies associated with PD and other alpha synucleopathies, including Lewy body dementia (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Iron deposits are present in the core of Lewy bodies, and there are reports suggesting that divalent metal ions including Cu2+ and Fe2+ enhance the aggregation of α-Syn. Differential expression of α-Syn is associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and specific genetic variants contribute to the risk for alcoholism, including alcohol craving. Spliced variants of α-Syn, leading to the expression of several shorter forms which are more prone to aggregation, are associated with both PD and AUD, and common transcript variants may be able to predict at-risk populations for some movement disorders or subtypes of PD, including secondary Parkinsonism. Both PD and AUD are associated with liver and brain iron dyshomeostasis. Research over the past decade has shown that α-Syn has iron import functions with an ability to oxidize the Fe3+ form of iron to Fe2+ to facilitate its entry into cells. Our prior research has identified an iron-responsive element (IRE) in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of α-Syn mRNA, and we have used the α-Syn 5'UTR to screen for small molecules that modulate its expression in the H4 neuronal cell line. These screens have led us to identify several interesting small molecules capable of both decreasing and increasing α-Syn expression and that may have the potential, together with the recently described mesenchymal stem cell therapies, to normalize α-Syn expression in different regions of the alcoholic and PD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
| | | | - Jin Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266011, China;
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Jack T. Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
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14
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Farfán N, Carril J, Redel M, Zamorano M, Araya M, Monzón E, Alvarado R, Contreras N, Tapia-Bustos A, Quintanilla ME, Ezquer F, Valdés JL, Israel Y, Herrera-Marschitz M, Morales P. Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Reduces Hippocampal Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cell Death, Improving the Behavioral Outcome Following Perinatal Asphyxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207800. [PMID: 33096871 PMCID: PMC7589575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal Asphyxia (PA) is a leading cause of motor and neuropsychiatric disability associated with sustained oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell death, affecting brain development. Based on a rat model of global PA, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of intranasally administered secretome, derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-S), preconditioned with either deferoxamine (an hypoxia-mimetic) or TNF-α+IFN-γ (pro-inflammatory cytokines). PA was generated by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns in a water bath at 37 °C for 21 min. Thereafter, 16 μL of MSC-S (containing 6 μg of protein derived from 2 × 105 preconditioned-MSC), or vehicle, were intranasally administered 2 h after birth to asphyxia-exposed and control rats, evaluated at postnatal day (P) 7. Alternatively, pups received a dose of either preconditioned MSC-S or vehicle, both at 2 h and P7, and were evaluated at P14, P30, and P60. The preconditioned MSC-S treatment (i) reversed asphyxia-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus (oxidized/reduced glutathione); (ii) increased antioxidative Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) translocation; (iii) increased NQO1 antioxidant protein; (iv) reduced neuroinflammation (decreasing nuclearNF-κB/p65 levels and microglial reactivity); (v) decreased cleaved-caspase-3 cell-death; (vi) improved righting reflex, negative geotaxis, cliff aversion, locomotor activity, anxiety, motor coordination, and recognition memory. Overall, the study demonstrates that intranasal administration of preconditioned MSC-S is a novel therapeutic strategy that prevents the long-term effects of perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Farfán
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Jaime Carril
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Martina Redel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Marta Zamorano
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Maureen Araya
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Estephania Monzón
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Raúl Alvarado
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Norton Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile;
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - José Luis Valdés
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.F.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (R.A.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.); (M.H.-M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (N.C.); (J.L.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229786788
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15
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Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation as a Pivot in Drug Abuse. A Focus on the Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Biomolecules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090830. [PMID: 32899889 PMCID: PMC7555323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse is a major global health and economic problem. However, there are no pharmacological treatments to effectively reduce the compulsive use of most drugs of abuse. Despite exerting different mechanisms of action, all drugs of abuse promote the activation of the brain reward system, with lasting neurobiological consequences that potentiate subsequent consumption. Recent evidence shows that the brain displays marked oxidative stress and neuroinflammation following chronic drug consumption. Brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation disrupt glutamate homeostasis by impairing synaptic and extra-synaptic glutamate transport, reducing GLT-1, and system Xc− activities respectively, which increases glutamatergic neurotransmission. This effect consolidates the relapse-promoting effect of drug-related cues, thus sustaining drug craving and subsequent drug consumption. Recently, promising results as experimental treatments to reduce drug consumption and relapse have been shown by (i) antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synthetic molecules whose effects reach the brain; (ii) natural biomolecules secreted by mesenchymal stem cells that excel in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, delivered via non-invasive intranasal administration to animal models of drug abuse and (iii) potent anti-inflammatory microRNAs and anti-miRNAs which target the microglia and reduce neuroinflammation and drug craving. In this review, we address the neurobiological consequences of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that follow the chronic consumption of most drugs of abuse, and the current and potential therapeutic effects of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents and biomolecules to reduce these drug-induced alterations and to prevent relapse.
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Quintanilla ME, Ezquer F, Morales P, Ezquer M, Olivares B, Santapau D, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. N-Acetylcysteine and Acetylsalicylic Acid Inhibit Alcohol Consumption by Different Mechanisms: Combined Protection. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:122. [PMID: 32848653 PMCID: PMC7412547 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol intake results in brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which have been postulated to perpetuate alcohol intake and to induce alcohol relapse. The present study assessed the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of: (i) oxidative stress; (ii) neuroinflammation; and (iii) ethanol intake that follow the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the anti-inflammatory acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to animals that had consumed ethanol chronically. At doses used clinically, NAC [40 mg/kg per day orally (p.o.)] and ASA (15 mg/kg per day p.o.) significantly inhibited chronic alcohol intake and relapse intake in alcohol-preferring rats. The coadministration of both drugs reduced ethanol intake by 65% to 70%. N-acetylcysteine administration: (a) induced the Nrf2-ARE system, lowering the hippocampal oxidative stress assessed as the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH); (b) reduced the neuroinflammation assessed by astrocyte and microglial activation by immunofluorescence; and (c) inhibited chronic and relapse ethanol intake. These effects were blocked by sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of the xCT transporter, which incorporates cystine (precursor of GSH) and extrudes extracellular glutamate, an agonist of the inhibitory mGlu2/3 receptor, which lowers the synaptic glutamatergic tone. The inhibitor of mGlu2/3 receptor (LY341495) blocked the NAC-induced inhibition of both relapse ethanol intake and neuroinflammation without affecting the GSSG/GSH ratio. Unlike N-acetylcysteine, ASA inhibited chronic alcohol intake and relapse via lipoxin A4, a strong anti-inflammatory metabolite of arachidonic acid generated following the ASA acetylation of cyclooxygenases. Accordingly, the lipoxin A4 receptor inhibitor, WRW4, blocked the ASA-induced reduction of ethanol intake. Overall, via different mechanisms, NAC and ASA administered in clinically relevant doses combine their effects inhibiting ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belen Olivares
- Centro de Química Médica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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Stavely R, Nurgali K. The emerging antioxidant paradigm of mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:985-1006. [PMID: 32497410 PMCID: PMC7445024 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (multipotent stromal cells; MSCs) have been under investigation for the treatment of diverse diseases, with many promising outcomes achieved in animal models and clinical trials. The biological activity of MSC therapies has not been fully resolved which is critical to rationalizing their use and developing strategies to enhance treatment efficacy. Different paradigms have been constructed to explain their mechanism of action, including tissue regeneration, trophic/anti-inflammatory secretion, and immunomodulation. MSCs rarely engraft and differentiate into other cell types after in vivo administration. Furthermore, it is equivocal whether MSCs function via the secretion of many peptide/protein ligands as their therapeutic properties are observed across xenogeneic barriers, which is suggestive of mechanisms involving mediators conserved between species. Oxidative stress is concomitant with cellular injury, inflammation, and dysregulated metabolism which are involved in many pathologies. Growing evidence supports that MSCs exert antioxidant properties in a variety of animal models of disease, which may explain their cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, evidence of the antioxidant effects of MSCs in in vivo and in vitro models is explored and potential mechanisms of these effects are discussed. These include direct scavenging of free radicals, promoting endogenous antioxidant defenses, immunomodulation via reactive oxygen species suppression, altering mitochondrial bioenergetics, and donating functional mitochondria to damaged cells. Modulation of the redox environment and oxidative stress by MSCs can mediate their anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties and may offer an explanation to the diversity in disease models treatable by MSCs and how these mechanisms may be conserved between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Quintanilla ME, Ezquer F, Morales P, Santapau D, Berríos-Cárcamo P, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Intranasal mesenchymal stem cell secretome administration markedly inhibits alcohol and nicotine self-administration and blocks relapse-intake: mechanism and translational options. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:205. [PMID: 31286996 PMCID: PMC6615104 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic consumption of most drugs of abuse leads to brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which inhibit the glutamate transporter GLT-1, proposed to perpetuate drug intake. The present study aimed at inhibiting chronic ethanol and nicotine self-administration and relapse by the non-invasive intranasal administration of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory secretome generated by adipose tissue-derived activated mesenchymal stem cells. The anti-addiction mechanism of stem cell secretome is also addressed. METHODS Rats bred for their alcohol preference ingested alcohol chronically or were trained to self-administer nicotine. Secretome of human adipose tissue-derived activated mesenchymal stem cells was administered intranasally to animals, both (i) chronically consuming alcohol or nicotine and (ii) during a protracted deprivation before a drug re-access leading to relapse intake. RESULTS The intranasal administration of secretome derived from activated mesenchymal stem cells inhibited chronic self-administration of ethanol or nicotine by 85% and 75%, respectively. Secretome administration further inhibited by 85-90% the relapse "binge" intake that occurs after a protracted drug deprivation followed by a 60-min drug re-access. Secretome administration fully abolished the oxidative stress induced by chronic ethanol or nicotine self-administration, shown by the normalization of the hippocampal oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, and the neuroinflammation determined by astrocyte and microglial immunofluorescence. Knockdown of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 by the intracerebral administration of an antisense oligonucleotide fully abolished the inhibitory effect of the secretome on ethanol and nicotine intake. CONCLUSIONS The non-invasive intranasal administration of secretome generated by human adipose tissue-derived activated mesenchymal stem cells markedly inhibits alcohol and nicotine self-administration, an effect mediated by the glutamate GLT-1 transporter. Translational implications are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12438, Lo Barnechea, 7710162, Santiago, RM, Chile.
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12438, Lo Barnechea, 7710162, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Pablo Berríos-Cárcamo
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12438, Lo Barnechea, 7710162, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12438, Lo Barnechea, 7710162, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Gene and cell therapy on the acquisition and relapse-like binge drinking in a model of alcoholism: translational options. Gene Ther 2019; 26:407-417. [DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Orio L, Alen F, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, García-Bueno B. Oleoylethanolamide, Neuroinflammation, and Alcohol Abuse. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:490. [PMID: 30687006 PMCID: PMC6333756 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex process involved in the physiopathology of many central nervous system diseases, including addiction. Alcohol abuse is characterized by induction of peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, which hallmark is the activation of innate immunity toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4). In the last years, lipid transmitters have generated attention as modulators of parts of the addictive process. Specifically, the bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which is an endogenous acylethanolamide, has shown a beneficial profile for alcohol abuse. Preclinical studies have shown that OEA is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound that exerts neuroprotective effects in alcohol abuse. Exogenous administration of OEA blocks the alcohol-induced TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory cascade, reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and ultimately, preventing the neural damage in frontal cortex of rodents. The mechanisms of action of OEA are discussed in this review, including a protective action in the intestinal barrier. Additionally, OEA blocks cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior and reduces the severity of withdrawal symptoms in animals, together with the modulation of alcohol-induced depression-like behavior and other negative motivational states associated with the abstinence, such as the anhedonia. Finally, exposure to alcohol induces OEA release in blood and brain of rodents. Clinical evidences will be highlighted, including the OEA release and the correlation of plasma OEA levels with TLR4-dependent peripheral inflammatory markers in alcohol abusers. In base of these evidences we hypothesize that the endogenous release of OEA could be a homeostatic signal to counteract the toxic action of alcohol and we propose the exploration of OEA-based pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orio
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alen
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, IMAS and IUING, Madrid, Spain
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Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Ezquer F, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Commonality of Ethanol and Nicotine Reinforcement and Relapse in Wistar-Derived UChB Rats: Inhibition by N
-Acetylcysteine. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1988-1999. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
- Neuroscience Department; Faculty of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica; Centro de Medicina Regenerativa; Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
- Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Medicina Regenerativa; Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica; Centro de Medicina Regenerativa; Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
- Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Medicina Regenerativa; Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
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23
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Ezquer F, Morales P, Quintanilla ME, Santapau D, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Intravenous administration of anti-inflammatory mesenchymal stem cell spheroids reduces chronic alcohol intake and abolishes binge-drinking. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4325. [PMID: 29567966 PMCID: PMC5864829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intake leads to neuroinflammation and astrocyte dysfunction, proposed to perpetuate alcohol consumption and to promote conditioned relapse-like binge drinking. In the present study, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured in 3D-conditions to generate MSC-spheroids, which greatly increased MSCs anti-inflammatory ability and reduced cell volume by 90% versus conventionally 2D-cultured MSCs, enabling their intravenous administration and access to the brain. It is shown, in an animal model of chronic ethanol intake and relapse-drinking, that both the intravenous and intra-cerebroventricular administration of a single dose of MSC-spheroids inhibited chronic ethanol intake and relapse-like drinking by 80–90%, displaying significant effects over 3–5 weeks. The MSC-spheroid administration fully normalized alcohol-induced neuroinflammation, as shown by a reduced astrocyte activation, and markedly increased the levels of the astrocyte Na-glutamate (GLT-1) transporter. This research suggests that the intravenous administration of MSC-spheroids may constitute an effective new approach for the treatment of alcohol-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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