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Anderson GN, Conway CC, Bravo AJ, The Cross-cultural Addictions Study Team. Distress tolerance is linked with substance use motivations and problems in young adults across four continents. J Pers 2025; 93:706-723. [PMID: 39012203 PMCID: PMC11735688 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People low in trait distress tolerance are at higher risk for harmful patterns of substance use. Some evidence suggests that maladaptive motives for substance use account for this correlation. However, the generality of these associations remains in doubt because virtually all available data come from North American samples. METHOD Using data from 7 countries (total N = 5858; U.S., Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, South Africa, Canada, and England), we examined distress tolerance's association with alcohol- and cannabis-related problems in young adults. On an exploratory basis, we examined how distress tolerance related to different substance-use motivations. RESULTS We found that distress tolerance was inversely related to problematic alcohol and cannabis use (rs = -0.14 and - 0.13). There was notable variation across countries in the magnitude of these effects, particularly for cannabis-related problems. Additionally, exploratory analyses revealed statistically significant (cross-sectional) indirect effects of distress tolerance on substance-related problems via substance-use motivations related to neutralizing negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS Distress tolerance's role in substance-use problems appears to generalize beyond North America, although effect sizes were generally small and varied notably across geographical regions. Distress tolerance's connection with negative reinforcement processes (e.g., coping motives) warrants attention as a possible mediator of its association with problematic substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, US
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Vélez Pérez L, Carmona Márquez J, González Ponce BM, Fernández Calderón F. Psychometric properties of the Spanish simultaneous alcohol and cannabis motives measure (S-SMM) and its short form (S-SMM-SF) among young adults. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2025:1-11. [PMID: 40245310 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2025.2484532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025]
Abstract
Background: Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis (SAC) use is associated with greater negative consequences than individual use. Motives to use are robust predictors of alcohol and cannabis consumption, both separately and simultaneously. Despite the recent development of both a SAC motives measure and its short form, no Spanish adaptation is currently available.Objectives: To provide a Spanish adaptation of the full-length and short-form versions of the simultaneous alcohol and cannabis motives measure and to examine its psychometric properties in a sample of young adult SAC users.Methods: A targeted sampling procedure was used to recruit 612 young cannabis users, of whom 479 reported SAC use (18-25 years old [M = 21.01, SD = 2.14]; 36% female). Following adaptation and translation, participants completed the scale, along with measures of frequency of alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous use, cannabis motives, and alcohol- and cannabis-related negative consequences.Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed a four-factor structure (conformity, positive effects, calm/coping, and social). Moreover, the results indicated acceptable internal consistency (.70-.88), providing evidence of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity for most dimensions.Conclusions: The results suggest that both versions of the scale are valuable tools for assessing motives for SAC consumption among young adults. These scales could aid in investigating motives for SAC use and informing interventions to mitigate associated harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Vélez Pérez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - José Carmona Márquez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Bella M González Ponce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Fermín Fernández Calderón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Bretteville-Jensen AL, Sznitman SR. The Prevalence and Correlates of Cannabis-Related Harms in a Nationally Representative Sample of Norwegian High School Students. J Adolesc Health 2025; 76:710-717. [PMID: 39918509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.11.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although adolescents are at increased risk for a wide spectrum of cannabis-related harms, comprehensive harm measures are seldom employed in studies of young people who use cannabis. This study examined the type and prevalence of cannabis-related harms and their associations with various cannabis use indicators in a sample of adolescent who use cannabis. METHODS A nationally representative sample of Norwegian high school students (N = 3,490, age 17-19 years, 48% male) reported whether they used cannabis, and if so, age of first initiation, use frequency, simultaneous use with alcohol, and whether they experienced any of the 18 possible cannabis-related harms. Associations between these harms and cannabis use indicators were analyzed using regression models while accounting for other known sociodemographic, temperamental, and substance use risks. RESULTS Among respondents who reported lifetime cannabis use (20%), 65% reported having experienced at least one cannabis-related harm (M = 4.7 ± 4.8). Although "Feelings of shame" (44%) and "Adverse psychoactive effects" (42%) were most frequently reported, harmed relationships (21%), unprotected/unwanted sex (17%), and school troubles (17%) were also prevalent. Early cannabis use initiation (Incidence rate ratio = 1.564, p < .01) and simultaneous use with alcohol (Incidence rate ratio = 1.385, p < .01), but not frequency of use, were associated with greater number of experienced harms. DISCUSSION By examining a wide range of diverse harms, our results underscore the need for a more nuanced understanding of negative consequences of cannabis use during sensitive periods of adolescent development. Prevention efforts targeting early initiation and simultaneous use of cannabis and alcohol may prove particularly useful in preventing cannabis-related harm among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon R Sznitman
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Folivi F, Bravo AJ, Pearson MR. Mindfulness Profiles and Substance Use Outcomes in University Students: The Role of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Motives. Mindfulness (N Y) 2025; 16:1046-1060. [PMID: 40230595 PMCID: PMC11993505 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-025-02544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to identify distinct profiles of mindfulness among a sample of university students in the USA who use alcohol and cannabis. Further, we examined whether these mindfulness profiles were indirectly associated with alcohol and cannabis-related outcomes via alcohol and cannabis use motives. Method Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine the number of latent classes among 771 US university students (75.7% White, 66.8% female) who consumed alcohol and cannabis in the prior month. Additionally, parallel mediation analyses were conducted to determine whether mindfulness profiles were indirectly associated with alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes via alcohol and cannabis use motives. Results LPA indicated a 4-class solution fit optimally. Further, the high mindfulness group was generally the most adaptive (lower scores) across alcohol and cannabis outcomes, whereas the judgmentally observing group was generally the most maladaptive (higher scores). Indirect effect analyses revealed that compared to the low mindfulness group, the high mindfulness group reported lower scores on alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes via lower alcohol- and cannabis-related coping motives. Conclusions These findings can inform prevention and intervention efforts using mindfulness techniques and interventions among students who engage in problematic alcohol and cannabis use. Preregistration This study is not preregistered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-025-02544-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folly Folivi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA
| | - Matthew R. Pearson
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
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Zaharakis N, Coatsworth JD, Riggs NR, Radford A, Rayburn S, Mennis J, Russell MA, Brown A, Mason MJ. Treating young adult cannabis use disorder with text message-delivered peer network counseling. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 144:107635. [PMID: 39019156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 16.5% of U.S. young adults have a cannabis use disorder (CUD) and are at risk for negative outcomes. Treatment can reduce cannabis use, but young adults are less likely to seek help than older adults. Peer Network Counseling-txt (PNC-txt) is a brief, text-delivered, Motivational Interviewing-informed substance use intervention focusing on peer relations and activity spaces as mechanisms for behavioral change. PNC-txt has shown evidence of reducing tobacco and cannabis use with adolescents and young adults, but it has not been tested in the context of legal cannabis use. The current randomized controlled trial sought to expand the evidence regarding the context of PNC-txt effects, comparing one state in which cannabis is legal (Colorado) and one state in which it is not (Tennessee). We hypothesized that participants randomized to PNC-txt would show significant reductions in cannabis use compared to controls, with larger reductions for females and those in Colorado, and that peer relations and activity space would mediate effects. METHODS One thousand, seventy eight 18-25 year olds (CO: 551; TN: 527) who met screening criteria for CUD and biologically-verified cannabis use were randomly assigned to PNC-txt or waitlist control condition. Every other day for 4 weeks, participants assigned to PNC-txt received pre-programmed text conversations, tailored via data from the baseline assessment. Self-report and biological indicators of cannabis use were measured at 1-, 3-, and 6-months. DISCUSSION Data analysis is underway. Results will provide evidence regarding whether, and how, PNC-txt reduces cannabis use in young adults with CUD. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered on September 28, 2020 with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04567394).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Zaharakis
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 600 Henley St, Suite 221, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - J Douglas Coatsworth
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 600 Henley St, Suite 221, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Nathaniel R Riggs
- Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Aubrie Radford
- Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Stephanie Rayburn
- Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Jeremy Mennis
- Temple University, 328 Gladfelter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Michael A Russell
- The Pennsylvania State University, 107 BBH Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Aaron Brown
- University of Kentucky, Patterson Office Tower #1825, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Michael J Mason
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 600 Henley St, Suite 221, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
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Assim A, Kaminer D, Hogarth L, Magner-Parsons B, Seedat S. Coping motives as a mediator of the relationship between child maltreatment and substance use problems in south African adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106885. [PMID: 38850749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that adults with a history of child maltreatment (CM) engage in substance misuse driven by 'coping motives': maladaptive beliefs that substances help them cope with negative emotions. However, the specificity of this risk pathway is under-researched in younger and non-Western cohorts. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine whether coping motives play a distinct role compared to other motives for substance use in mediating the relationship between CM and problematic alcohol and marijuana use in a sample of South African adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A sample of 688 high school students (M age = 15.03 years; 62.5 % female) in Cape Town, South Africa, completed a cross sectional survey. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures of CM exposure, motives for using alcohol and marijuana (coping, enhancement, social and conformity), and alcohol and marijuana related problems. Participants who endorsed using alcohol (N = 180) or marijuana (N = 136) were included in analysis. A parallel mediation model was conducted for each substance (alcohol and marijuana, respectively) to assess which motives mediated the relationship between CM exposure and substance-related problems. RESULTS CM exposure predicted both alcohol-and marijuana related problems. The relationship between CM exposure and alcohol-related problems was partially mediated by coping motives (p < .001, 95%CI 0.028, 0.115) and, to a lesser extent, conformity motives (p < .01, 95%CI 0.001, 0.041), but not by social motives or enhancement motives. The relationship between CM exposure and marijuana-related problems was partially mediated by coping motives (p < .001, 95%CI 0.004, 0.037), but not by conformity, social or enhancement motives. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the importance of coping motives as a mediator between CM and problematic substance use across different substances of abuse in South African adolescents, and the role of conformity motives in problematic alcohol use. Future research should explore whether these findings hold across other sociocultural contexts, and the utility of interventions to address coping motives for substance use in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Assim
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Debra Kaminer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter EX4 4QG, United Kingdom
| | - Bella Magner-Parsons
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter EX4 4QG, United Kingdom
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 241, Cape Town, South Africa
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Salguero A, Pilatti A, Michelini Y, Rivarola Montejano G, Pautassi RM. Impulsivity, mental health state and emotion regulation modulate alcohol and marijuana use in a sample of Argentinean citizens. Alcohol 2024; 118:37-44. [PMID: 38006977 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity and substance-related outcomes share a complex relationship, as various facets of impulsivity exhibit distinct associations with different drug-related outcomes. This study examines the associations between frequency and quantity of alcohol and marijuana use with impulsivity traits, psychological distress, and the utilization of emotion regulation strategies. A survey asked Argentinian citizens (n = 1507, 356 men) about frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use on each day of a typical week, as well as anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms (DASS-21), impulsivity-like traits (UPPS-P), and emotion regulation strategies (ERQ). The 2-month prevalence of alcohol or marijuana use was 80.1%, and 27.2%, respectively. Premeditation was significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively associated with both frequency and quantity of alcohol consumed, whereas negative and positive urgency were positively and significantly (p < 0.05) associated with quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, respectively. Greater depression symptoms predicted greater quantity of alcohol use, whereas lower emotional suppression or lower cognitive reappraisal were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a greater frequency of alcohol or marijuana use. Sensation seeking was significantly (p < 0.05) and positively associated with frequency of marijuana use. Individuals with higher levels of impulsivity-like traits, higher levels of depression, or lower use of emotional regulation abilities appeared to be at a higher risk of alcohol or marijuana use. In this sample, the use of alcohol (though not marijuana) seems to fit a negative reinforcement pathway. The study suggests that individuals with risk factors for drug misuse could benefit from interventions aimed at enhancing emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Salguero
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Michelini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Rivarola Montejano
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina.
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Pilatti A, Correa P, Michelini Y, Bravo AJ, Pacini G, Pautassi RM. The Association Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use via Emotional Psychopathology and Coping Motives in Argentinian College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1731-1742. [PMID: 38956825 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2370026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Background: Prior studies suggest that lower levels of mindfulness contribute to the motivation of using alcohol to cope with distress. Research examining this possibility is scarce or limited to alcohol, but not marijuana, related outcomes. Objectives: We examined separate models (for alcohol and for marijuana) to determine the associations between trait mindfulness (describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, non-reactivity) and alcohol and marijuana outcomes (use indicators and negative consequences) via emotional psychopathology (i.e., a latent variable assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety) and alcohol/marijuana coping motives. Results: The final analytic sample consisted of 456 participants (Mean age = 22.96 ± 3.12 years; 66.2% women) for the alcohol model; and 232 participants (Mean age = 22.96 ± 3.01 years; 66.2% women) for the marijuana model. Two path models were conducted, such that indirect paths were examined for each trait mindfulness facet on alcohol/marijuana outcomes (e.g., describing → emotional psychopathology → alcohol coping motives → binge drinking frequency). Within the comprehensive alcohol model, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging and non-reactivity were associated with less binge drinking frequency and lower number of alcohol-related negative consequences via lower severity of emotional psychopathology symptoms and lower endorsement of drinking to cope motives. For the marijuana model, describing, acting with awareness, and non-judging of inner experience were associated with less marijuana quantity (grams) consumed and lower number of marijuana-related negative consequences via lower severity of emotional psychopathology symptoms and lower endorsement of marijuana coping motives. Conclusions: Prevention and intervention programs of alcohol and marijuana in Argentina may benefit from improving mindfulness skills and targeting emotional psychopathology and motives to use drugs, to prevent or reduce negative drug-related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Correa
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Michelini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gianpiero Pacini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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Morgan RM, Trager BM, Boyle SC, Rainosek LM, LaBrie JW. Changes in Parent-Student Text Message and Phone Call Communication During the Transition to College as Predictors of Cannabis and Simultaneous Use During the First Year. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2024; 7:24-37. [PMID: 38975595 PMCID: PMC11225983 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2024/000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Parent communication can be protective against cannabis use among young adults. However, changes in parent-student communication frequency naturally occur during the transition from high school to college. Recent research suggests declines in parent-student communication frequency predict increased drinking and consequences during the first year of college, yet these effects on other risky behaviors are unknown. The current study investigated whether post-matriculation changes in frequency of texting/calling with parents predict cannabis use and simultaneous use of cannabis and alcohol, and whether pre-matriculation cannabis and simultaneous use predict changes in communication. First-year students (N = 287, 61.3% female, 50.9% White) reported cannabis and simultaneous use pre- and post-matriculation (T1 & T3) and changes in frequency of texting/calling their mother/father per day (T2). Negative binomial hurdle models examined whether T2 changes in communication frequency predicted T3 cannabis and simultaneous use, and logistic regression models examined whether T1 cannabis and simultaneous use predicted T2 changes in communication frequency. Results revealed that increasing (vs. decreasing) frequency of calling with mothers and texting with fathers was protective against cannabis use, whereas increasing frequency of calling with fathers was associated with greater risk of use. Changes in communication did not significantly predict simultaneous use, nor did pre-matriculation cannabis or simultaneous use predict changes in either mode of communication with parents during the college transition. These findings highlight that changes in mother and father communication may be both beneficial and detrimental to cannabis use depending on the parent and mode of communication. Implications for these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed M Morgan
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx NY
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles CA
| | - Bradley M Trager
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles CA
| | - Sarah C Boyle
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles CA
| | - Layla M Rainosek
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles CA
| | - Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles CA
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Montgomery ZL, Michelini Y, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Mezquita L, Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team *. Substance Use Motives as Mediators of the Associations between Self-Control Constructs and Negative Substance Use Consequences: A Cross-Cultural Examination. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2024; 7:77-92. [PMID: 38975594 PMCID: PMC11225986 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2024/000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study sought to examine three distinct research questions: a) are self-control constructs (i.e., negative/positive urgency, self-regulation, and emotion-regulation) indirectly related to negative alcohol/marijuana consequences via substance use motives, b) to what extent are these indirect effects consistent across differing drugs (i.e., alcohol and marijuana), and c) are these models invariant across gender and countries. Participants were 2,230 college students (mean age=20.28, SD=0.40; 71.1% females) across 7 countries (USA, Canada, Spain, England, Argentina, Uruguay, and South Africa) who consumed alcohol and marijuana in the last month. Two (one for alcohol and one for marijuana) fully saturated path models were conducted, such that indirect paths were examined for each self-control construct and substance use motive on negative consequences (e.g., negative urgency → coping motives → negative consequences) within the same model. Within the comprehensive alcohol model, we found that lower self-regulation and higher negative urgency/suppression were related to more alcohol consequences via higher coping and conformity motives. For marijuana, we found that lower self-regulation and higher negative urgency/suppression were related to more marijuana consequences via higher coping motives (not significant for conformity motives). Unique to marijuana, we did find support for higher expansion motives indirectly linking positive urgency to more negative consequences. These results were invariant across gender groups and only minor differences across countries emerged. Prevention and intervention programs of alcohol and marijuana around university campuses may benefit from targeting self-control related skills in addition to motives to drug use to prevent and reduce negative drug-related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanina Michelini
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team*
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, USA
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
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Sanchez-Garcia M, Carmona-Márquez J, Bravo AJ, Fernández-Calderón F. Spanish Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale: The Protective Behavioral Strategies for Cannabis Scale (S-PBSC). Int J Ment Health Addict 2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-024-01311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana scale (PBSM) was initially developed using samples of university students in USA. A community sample of Spanish young adults was recruited to provide the Spanish full-length and short versions of the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Cannabis use (S-PBSC; S-PBSC-SF). We followed a rigorous item-selection process to select the most relevant items from the original 50-item pool developed by Pedersen et al. (2016), on the basis of evidence of reliability, evidence of validity according to the internal structure (factor loadings, invariance across genders and university status, and differential item functioning [DIF]), and evidence of validity based on the relationships between S-PBSC scores and cannabis outcomes. Our findings support a 31-item unidimensional measure and a 13-item short form with excellent fit and internal consistency, invariant across genders and college status and free of DIF. Both the S-PBSC and S-PBSC-SF scores were associated with reduced cannabis use and consequences.
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Marsh NP, Oddo L, Murphy JG, Chronis-Tuscano A. Sleep, Alcohol and Cannabis Use in College Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1141-1149. [PMID: 38555872 PMCID: PMC11062626 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2320376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Background: Relations among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep, and substance-related negative consequences are largely unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we examined associations among ADHD diagnosis, sleep, and alcohol-related consequences. We also evaluated the independent and interactive effects of sleep and ADHD on alcohol-related negative consequences, above and beyond levels of alcohol use. Methods: College students who drink alcohol with (n = 51) and without (n = 50) ADHD completed an assessment that included a diagnostic interview assessing ADHD, and questionnaire measures of sleep quality, substance use, and associated consequences. Analyses utilized a series of hierarchical linear regression models and explored these aims for cannabis use in a subset of participants (n = 52 participants that used cannabis). Results: College students who drink alcohol with ADHD reported significantly worse sleep quality and more alcohol-related consequences, relative to those without ADHD. When ADHD and sleep quality were included in the model, ADHD-but not sleep quality-was independently associated with alcohol consequences, but not cannabis consequences. There were no moderating effects of ADHD on the associations between sleep and substance-related consequences. Conclusions: Students who drank alcohol with ADHD may be particularly vulnerable to experiencing poor sleep and consequences from their substance use, compared to their heavy drinking peers without ADHD. Future, larger scale studies should consider longitudinal effects as well as underlying mechanisms of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Marsh
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, USA
| | - Lauren Oddo
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, USA
| | - James G. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Martin-Willett R, Elmore JS, Phillips PX, Bidwell LC. Meaningfully Characterizing Cannabis Use for Research and Clinical Settings: A Comprehensive Review of Existing Measures and Proposed Future Directions. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2024; 34:82-93. [PMID: 38883882 PMCID: PMC11177636 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use is increasingly common. There is a need for validated tools to meaningfully assess recreational, medical, and disordered cannabis use in both research and clinical contexts. Cannabis assessments were considered against pre-determined inclusion criteria within a comprehensive review. Measures were categorized as either (i) evaluating use frequency or quantity, (ii) measuring symptoms of disordered use and withdrawal, or (iii) assessing use motives, effects, and perceptions. The applications and validations for each assessment are summarized. Finally, recommendations for refining of existing measures or development of new measures are presented. The literature review resulted in 289 publications that were reviewed in detail, yielding 21 assessments that met inclusion criteria. The applications of these assessments are described here, in addition to the information about the validation studies of each assessment. Based on the complication of these tools, 5 areas of potential development are highlighted to guide future research, including (i) sensitivity to the mode of cannabis administration as well as sensitivity to (ii) potency of cannabis products alongside frequency and quantity, (iii) unit equivalence, (iv) aligning clinical measures consistently with cannabis use disorder (CUD) diagnostic criteria, and (v) creating measures specific to medical users, their motives for use, and their perceptions of therapeutic benefits or side effects. Clinicians and researchers can pragmatically benefit from this summary of validated measures of cannabis use, and future work could improve the study of and clinical care for cannabis use and CUD by pursuing one or more key areas of development described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Martin-Willett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joshua S. Elmore
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Paige X. Phillips
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - L. Cinnamon Bidwell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Dyar C, Crosby S, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B, Kaysen D. Doomscrolling: Prospective associations between daily COVID news exposure, internalizing symptoms, and substance use among sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2024; 11:139-152. [PMID: 38737889 PMCID: PMC11081596 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated associations between COVID news exposure, anxiety, and depression. However, longitudinal research examining the directionality of these associations is extremely limited. Further, most studies have focused on the general population and neglected sexual and gender minority individuals (SGM), a population disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. To address these limitations, the current study utilized data from a 30-day diary study of SGM assigned female at birth (N = 429). We examined concurrent and prospective associations between COVID news exposure, depressed and anxious affect, COVID distress, substance use, and motives for use. Further, we examined associations between cumulative COVID news exposure across the diary period and prospective changes in anxiety, depression, and COVID distress. When participants were exposed to more COVID news, they experienced more depressed and anxious affect, more COVID distress, less positive affect, and were more likely to use alcohol and cannabis to cope. Further, when participants were exposed to more COVID news, they experienced subsequent increases in depressed affect, decreases in positive affect, and increases in the likelihood of using cannabis to cope. Findings also provided evidence of bi-directional prospective associations between COVID news exposure and COVID distress and of a cumulative impact of COVID news exposure on anxiety, depression, and COVID distress. Findings suggest that individuals should balance the need to remain informed about the pandemic and their own mental health when considering how much COVID news to consume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael E. Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
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15
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Conner BT, Bravo AJ, Win N, Rahm-Knigge RL. Examination of Rumination's Mediating Role in the Relation Between Distal Personality Predictors, Cannabis Coping Motives, and Negative Cannabis-Related Consequences. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2024; 6:82-98. [PMID: 38883285 PMCID: PMC11178068 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2024/000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective Perseverative cognitive processes, such as rumination, may indirectly influence effects of personality traits on cannabis use and related problems. Understanding relations among personality, rumination, and cannabis use motives may lead to better understanding of problematic cannabis use. The present study examined personality traits' influence on negative cannabis-related consequences via rumination and cannabis use coping motives. Methods We tested a sequential path model across two independent samples such that the model was tested in one sample and replicated in the second sample. Participants were U.S. undergraduate students from multiple universities who reported using cannabis at least once in the prior thirty days. Results Results partially supported hypotheses such negative urgency and distress tolerance were indirectly related to negative cannabis-related consequences via rumination and coping motives. Specifically, higher negative urgency and lower distress tolerance were related to higher rumination. Higher rumination was related to higher coping motives; which in turn was related to more negative cannabis-related consequences. Results indicate that rumination is a risk factor belying associations between personality and cannabis use to cope and negative consequences of use. Conclusions Implementing techniques that attenuate rumination for individuals high in negative urgency or low in distress tolerance may reduce or prevent problematic cannabis and unintended outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naomi Win
- Department of Education and Human Development, University of Colorado, Denver
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16
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McDuff DR, Garvin M, Joy Chang, Thompson D. Substance Misuse in Elite Athletes: Early Detection, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment. Clin Sports Med 2024; 43:127-144. [PMID: 37949506 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sports medicine physicians and athletic trainers regularly encounter athletes who misuse substances that put them at risk for adverse health, social, interpersonal, academic, psychological, and performance effects. The three most encountered substances are alcohol (binge drinking), cannabis (marijuana), and tobacco/nicotine vaping. Early detection using self-report screening instruments, adverse consequences questionnaires, and urine testing are reviewed. Brief interventions that involve personalized feedback, goal setting, support system involvement, psychoeducation, contingency management, and/or motivational interviewing are highlighted. Lack of response to brief intervention or progression to a substance use disorder should prompt the consideration of referral to a substance specialty level of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R McDuff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street - 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball, 333 West Camden Street, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Maryland Centers for Psychiatry, 3290 North Ridge Road, Suite 320, Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA.
| | - Michelle Garvin
- Detroit Lions, National Football League, 222 Republic Drive, Allen Park, MI 48101, USA; Elite Performance Psychology, LLC, 205 Warrenton Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20904, USA
| | - Joy Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street - 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland, College Park, 8500 Paint Branch Drive, XFINITY Center, Room 2707, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Donald Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street - 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball, 333 West Camden Street, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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17
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Dunaief RJ, Bravo AJ, Henson JM. Changes in Mental Health Symptoms as a Predictor of Cannabis Coping Motives and Consequences: Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Among College Students. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2023; 6:1-8. [PMID: 38035165 PMCID: PMC10683748 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cannabis use is common among college students and many students use cannabis to cope with negative affect. The COVID-19 pandemic was a particularly stressful time for college students. Subsequently, the present study compared college students who reported increases in anxiety/depression symptoms since COVID-19 stay at home orders to those who reported no change in anxiety/depression symptoms on cannabis coping motives, use frequency, and negative consequences. Specifically, we examined whether self-reported changes (i.e., group that indicated increases) in poor mental health during COVID-19 were associated with problematic cannabis use via higher cannabis coping motives. Method College students (analytic n = 291) completed an online survey for research credit regarding their personal mental health, COVID-19 stressors, and cannabis use behaviors. Results Individuals who reported increased depressive symptoms (57.4% of the current sample) due to COVID-19 (as compared to individuals whose depressive symptoms remained the same) reported significantly higher cannabis coping motives (d = .79) as well as more cannabis consequences (d = .37). Further, students who reported increased (61.5% of the current sample) anxiety symptoms (as compared to those whose anxiety symptoms stayed the same) also reported significantly higher cannabis coping motives (d = .47). Moreover, we found that students who reported an increase in depressive/anxiety symptoms reported more cannabis consequences via higher endorsement of cannabis coping motives while controlling for gender, cannabis use frequency, and past-week anxiety/depressive symptoms. Discussion Providing resources for substance-free coping strategies to manage the mental health impact of COVID-19 may be extremely useful for this population.
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18
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Weidberg S, González-Roz A, Castaño Y, Secades-Villa R. Emotion dysregulation in relation to cannabis use and mental health among young adults. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107757. [PMID: 37224581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable that accounts for the onset and maintenance of mental health disorders. The interplay between ED, cannabis use and mental health has not been appraised in the young adult population and whether there are sex-dependent effects has yet to be examined. This study looked at whether ED mediates the association between past-month cannabis use and mental health, while considering sex as a moderator. METHODS 2,762 (64.2% women) undergraduate Spanish students completed an online battery. Among others, they fulfilled the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-28). A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of sex and past-month cannabis use on participants' DASS-21 scores. A set of moderated mediations tested whether the indirect effect of past-month cannabis use on DASS-21 through DERS differed by sex. RESULTS Past-month cannabis female users showed higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress (M = 51.10, SD = 26.72) than did men [(M = 33.76, SD = 20.31); F(1, 2758) = 5.119, p =.024, η2p =.002]. In female young adults only, the effect of past-month cannabis use on mental health was mediated by ED (total score), non-acceptance of emotional responses, lack of emotional control, difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior, and lack of emotional clarity (all p's < 0.005) CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate the importance of considering ED in assessment and intervention practices. Interventions targeting ED may be particularly effective for female young adult cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Weidberg
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba González-Roz
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Yasmina Castaño
- Department of Psychology. University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Roberto Secades-Villa
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
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19
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Hatch MR, Bravo AJ, Looby A, Hurlocker MC. Who's at greatest risk? Latent profiles of alcohol and cannabis use and related consequences among college students. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107536. [PMID: 36334313 PMCID: PMC10259160 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is significant heterogeneity in alcohol and cannabis use patterns among college students, with some engaging in use patterns that heighten their risk for adverse consequences. Person-centered approaches can help identify those subgroups of students with riskier use patterns. Latent Profile Analyses (LPA) were conducted to identify subgroups based on alcohol and cannabis use frequency and quantity, to explore demographic covariates and to examine mean differences across subgroups on alcohol- and cannabis-related consequences, simultaneous use, and other substance use. METHODS Participants were 2,423 college students (Mage = 20.1; 72 % female) recruited from seven US universities who endorsed past-month alcohol and cannabis use and completed an online survey of substance use behaviors. RESULTS A four-profile solution was the best fitting model. Profile 1 represented "light, infrequent alcohol and cannabis use" (73.8 %), Profile 2 represented "heavy, infrequent alcohol and moderate, frequent cannabis use" (15.9 %), Profile 3 represented "moderate, frequent alcohol and cannabis use" (5.6 %) and Profile 4 represented "very heavy, frequent alcohol and heavy, frequent cannabis use" (4.7 %). Students who identify as male, White non-Hispanic, and/or Greek-affiliated were more likely to be in the heavy alcohol use profiles. Profiles 3 and 4 represent high-risk profiles, with both having a higher likelihood of simultaneous use, Profile 3 endorsing more cannabis consequences, and Profile 4 endorsing more alcohol consequences. CONCLUSION Results suggest that heavy alcohol or heavy co-use heightens risk for serious adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Hatch
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA.
| | - Alison Looby
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave. Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Margo C Hurlocker
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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20
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Wedell E, Tuthill SD, Herchenroeder L, Prince MA, Bravo AJ, Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team. Sexual Minority Status, Affect Lability, and Suicide Ideation: Buffering Role of Trait Mindfulness. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:1926-1943. [PMID: 34269638 PMCID: PMC9486760 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1950587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion regulation has been proposed as a mechanism driving sexual orientation disparities in suicide ideation (SI), but little research has examined the role of affect lability in the association of sexual minority identity and SI. As prior research has found trait mindfulness to be associated with lower SI, the objective of the present study was to examine the buffering role of mindfulness in the associations of sexual orientation, affect lability, and SI. METHOD The present study used a moderated mediation model to examine a cross-sectional dataset consisting of heterosexual (n = 1511) and sexual minority (n = 355) U.S. college students (N = 1866), to examine whether five facets of mindfulness moderated the indirect association of sexual minority identity on SI via affect lability. RESULTS As predicted, sexual minority identity was associated with higher affect lability, which in turn was associated with higher SI. Acting with awareness (i.e., attending to the present activities), describing (i.e., the ability to verbalize inner experiences), and non-judging (i.e., refraining from judging inner experiences) buffered the indirect association of sexual minority identity on SI via affect lability, such that the indirect association weakened at higher levels of those mindfulness facets. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a better understanding of the emotion regulation mechanisms underlying the higher risk of SI among sexual minorities. Future research is needed to examine mindfulness facets as buffers against SI among other communities, and to examine the efficacy of emotion regulation and mindfulness interventions in reducing suicide ideation and other aspects of suicidality (i.e., plans/attempts).HighlightsSexual orientation disparities in suicide ideation (SI) and affect lability.Sexual minority identity linked to higher SI via higher affect lability.Three mindfulness facets attenuated indirect association of identity on SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wedell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, USA
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21
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Vidal-Arenas V, Bravo AJ, Ortet-Walker J, Ortet G, Mezquita L, Ibáñez MI, Cross-cultural Addictions Study Team. Neuroticism, rumination, depression and suicidal ideation: A moderated serial mediation model across four countries. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100325. [PMID: 35950010 PMCID: PMC9343412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Research has highlighted the role of neuroticism, rumination, and depression in predicting suicidal thoughts, but studies on how these variables interplay are scarce. The aims of the present study were to test a model in which emotional stability (i.e., low neuroticism) would act as an antecedent and moderator of rumination and depressed mood in the prediction of suicidal ideation (i.e., moderated serial-mediation), and to explore their replicability across four countries and sex, among college students as an at-risk-group for suicide. Method Participants were 3482 undergraduates from U.S, Spain, Argentina, and the Netherlands. Path analysis and multi-group analysis were conducted. Results Emotional stability was indirectly linked to suicidal ideation via rumination and depressed mood. Moreover, emotional stability moderated the associations between rumination and depressed mood, and between depressed mood and suicidal ideation. Findings were consistent in males and females, and across countries studied. Discussion Regardless of sex and country, people with low emotional stability reported higher levels of rumination, which in turn was associated with more depressed mood, and these were associated with higher reports of suicidal thoughts. This cascade of psychological risk factors for suicidal ideation seems to be more harmful in people who endorse low levels of emotional stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vidal-Arenas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jordi Ortet-Walker
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Manuel Ignacio Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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22
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Read JP, Egerton G, Cheesman A, Steers MLN. Classifying risky cannabis involvement in young adults using the Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (MACQ). Addict Behav 2022; 129:107236. [PMID: 35149278 PMCID: PMC11993909 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing prevalence of cannabis use and associated consequences among U.S. young adults, relatively little is known about precisely what level of marijuana involvement may be problematic. METHOD With this study we sought to identify empirically-derived cut-scores for the Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (MACQ) that would distinguish among levels of cannabis risk in a sample of young adult college students (N = 496). We also examined how these levels of cannabis risk corresponded to a variety of indicators of cannabis involvement, including frequency of use, intoxication, other measures of cannabis consequences, and indicators of more severe cannabis involvement (e.g., physiological dependence, loss of control over use, cannabis use disorder). RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic analyses yielded cutoffs that distinguished among three distinct levels of risk, "Low", "Moderate", and "High". These empirically derived cut scores showed strong overall differentiation among classifications, with good sensitivity and specificity. MACQ-based risk levels were validated across several indices of cannabis involvement. Cutoffs differed across genders. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer a new application for the MACQ, allowing for the identification of those at greatest risk. As such, this measure may be used to facilitate appropriately targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Read
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Gregory Egerton
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Abigail Cheesman
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Mai-Ly N Steers
- School of Nursing, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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23
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Roozen HG, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Mezquita L, Vingerhoets A, Cross-cultural Addictions Study Team. Cross-Cultural Examination of the Community Reinforcement Approach Happiness Scale (CRA-HS): Testing measurement invariance in five countries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Pilatti A, Bravo AJ. Validation of the Spanish Version of the Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (S-MACQ). Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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25
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Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Ortet G, Ibáñez MI. Quantifying cannabis problems among college students from English and Spanish speaking countries: Cross-cultural validation of the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R). Addict Behav 2022; 127:107209. [PMID: 34959075 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test - Revised (CUDIT-R) is a broadly employed measure of cannabis-related problems. However, minimal research has tested the measurement invariance of the CUDIT-R among youths from different countries, hindering cross-national comparisons. Thus, the present study aimed to test the measurement invariance of the CUDIT-R between seven countries and gender groups, and provide different sources of reliability and validity evidence of the scale. METHODS A sample of 4,712 college student lifetime cannabis users (mean age = 20.57, SD = 3.97; 70.4% females) from seven countries completed the CUDIT-R. Last 30-day cannabis users (n = 2402; mean age = 20.09, SD = 3.18; 67.7% females) additionally completed another measure of cannabis-related problems, and measures of cannabis frequency, quantity and motives. RESULTS Multigroup analysis showed configural (equal number of factors and pattern of factor-indicator relationships), metric (equal factor loadings) and scalar (equal thresholds) invariance of the CUDIT-R across five countries and across gender in the sample of lifetime cannabis users. Cronbach's alphas and ordinal omegas ranked from .72 and .85. Large correlations were found between the CUDIT-R and another cannabis-related problem scale. Small to large associations were found between the CUDIT-R and other criterion variables (frequency and quantity of consumption and cannabis-related motives) providing convergent and discriminant validity evidence. Only a few differences in the magnitude of the correlations across countries were found. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the CUDIT-R is a suitable measure to assess cannabis-related problems among college student from the U.S., Canada, South Africa, Spain, and Argentina and across gender groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló, Spain.
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló, Spain
| | - Manuel I Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló, Spain
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Examination of the latent structure of the Ruminative Thoughts Style Questionnaire across countries, gender, and over time. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present work aimed to extend the evidence of the structure validity of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) 15-item version testing: (1) the structure of two competing models (i.e., four-factor correlated model vs a second-order factor model); (2) the measurement invariance of the final model across four countries (U.S., Spain, Argentina, and the Netherlands) and gender groups (male and female); and (3) the invariance across three assessment waves in a subsample of Spanish youths. Participants were college students (mean age = 20.87, SD = 4.47) from the U.S. (n = 1875; 67.1% of females), Spain (T1, n = 732, 63.9% females; T2, n = 370, 71.6% females: T3, n = 307, 60.6% females), Argentina (n = 368, 65.6% females) and the Netherlands (n = 295, 74.8% females). Confirmatory Factor Analyses supported both correlated factors and second-order factor structure in the whole sample. Due to similar fit indices being observed for both models, and considering the theoretical and practical advantages, we kept the second-order model to examine its invariance across groups and time. Measurement invariance analyses showed that the second-order model was invariant across countries, gender, and over time. Comparisons of the total mean score and the subfacet mean scores (i.e., Repetitive Thoughts, Counterfactual Thoughts, Problem-focused Thoughts, and Anticipatory Thoughts) reveled only small differences across country and gender groups. The present work extends the structural validity evidence of the RTSQ, and provides the first evidence concerning its longitudinal stability across time.
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Herchenroeder L, Norton EO, Hetelekides EM, Raeder CA, Henson JM, Bravo AJ. Delaying Gratification's role in the relationship between facets of mindfulness and substance use outcomes. Addict Behav 2022; 125:107163. [PMID: 34775138 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined whether five facets of mindfulness (acting with awareness, describing, observing, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience) relate to alcohol and cannabis outcomes (quantity of use and negative consequences) via delaying gratification. Participants were college students across seven universities who used alcohol (n = 1467) and/or cannabis (n = 647) in the last 30 days. For the alcohol analytic sample, the majority of students identified as being female (71.1%) and reported a mean age of 20.04 (Median = 19.00; SD = 3.47) years. For the cannabis analytic sample, the majority of students identified as being female (69.7%) and reported a mean age of 19.63 (Median = 19.00; SD = 2.85). Within our model, significant indirect effects were only found for two mindfulness facets. Specifically, the indirect effects from acting with awareness (alcohol indirect β = -0.026, SE = 0.006; cannabis indirect β = -0.019, SE = 0.008) and observing (alcohol indirect β = -0.017, SE = 0.005; cannabis indirect β = -0.015, SE = 0.007) to consequences via delaying gratification and quantity were significant for both the alcohol and cannabis models, such that acting with awareness and observing were associated with higher delaying gratification; which in turn was associated with lower quantity of use, which in turn was associated with fewer consequences for both the cannabis and alcohol models. Our findings suggest that delaying gratification is important to understanding the relationship between specific mindfulness facets (i.e., acting with awareness and observing) and alcohol and cannabis outcomes. Mindfulness interventions aimed at reducing substance use may benefit from targeting delaying gratification through increasing acting with awareness and observing.
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Bravo AJ, Prince MA, Pilatti A, Mezquita L, Keough MT, Hogarth L. Young adult concurrent use and simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana: A cross-national examination among college students in seven countries. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 14:100373. [PMID: 34938834 PMCID: PMC8664774 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many young adults report frequent co-use of alcohol and marijuana, with some individuals engaging in simultaneous use (SAM; use of both substances within the same occasion resulting in an overlap of their effects) and others in concurrent use (CAM; use of both substances during a similar time period [e.g., past 30 days] but not within the same occasion). Emerging work demonstrates that SAM relative to CAM use places individuals at a greater risk for substance-related harms; however, these results primarily rely on U.S. samples. The goal of the present multi-country study was to examine prevalence rates of CAM and SAM use and examine differences in past 30-day SAM/CAM use on alcohol/marijuana substance-related outcomes among college students from seven countries. Methods A total of 9171 (70.5% women; Mean age = 20.28, SD = 3.96) college students participated in the cross-sectional online survey study. Results Among students who endorsed use of both alcohol and marijuana in the past 30-days (n = 2124), SAM use (75.8%) was far more prevalent than CAM use (24.2%). Moreover, ∼75% of students endorsed SAM use within each country subsample. Regression models showed that SAM vs. CAM use was associated with greater alcohol and marijuana use and negative consequences. Conclusions College students from around the world endorse high rates of SAM use, and this pattern of co-use is associated with greater frequency of use and substance-related harms. On college campuses, SAM use should be a target of clinical prevention/intervention efforts and the mechanisms underpinning the unique harms of SAM need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, USA
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
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Factores que diferencian el consumo frecuente y esporádico de marihuana en estudiantes universitarios. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2022.25.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aunque el consumo de marihuana es altamente prevalente entre universitarios de Argentina, poco se sabe respecto a los factores que permiten distinguir a los consumidores frecuentes de marihuana de quienes consumen esporádicamente. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se indagó sobre las posibles variaciones en los contextos de consumo, motivos de consumo, normas percibidas y estrategias conductuales de protección entre universitarios con consumo frecuente o esporádico de marihuana, y se analizó la utilidad de este conjunto de variables para distinguir entre estos los tipos de consumidores mencionados. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 1083 estudiantes universitarios argentinos que completó una encuesta en línea sobre el consumo de sustancias. En particular, este trabajo se realizó con la submuestra que reportó consumir marihuana en los últimos 30 días (n = 158; 51.3 % mujeres). Dicha encuesta interrogaba sobre el consumo de marihuana y las consecuencias negativas asociadas, así como por motivos de consumo, normas sociales percibidas y estrategias conductuales de protección. Como resultado, los consumidores frecuentes presentaron mayor cantidad de consecuencias negativas (M = 4.92) que los consumidores esporádicos (M = 1.82; p ≤ .05), y se halló un perfil distintivo en un conjunto de variables. A nivel multivariado, los motivos de animación (or = 1.230; p ≤ .05), las estrategias conductuales de protección (or = .941; p ≤ .05), el consumo en solitario (or = 2.024; p ≤ .05) y el consumo en fiestas universitarias (or = 2.669; p ≤ .05) discriminaron significativamente entre ambas clases de consumidores. En general, los hallazgos revelaron subpoblaciones heterogéneas de consumidores de marihuana que difieren no solo en el consumo y sus consecuencias, sino también en los contextos de consumo y en un conjunto de variables relevantes. Estas subpoblaciones distintivas requieren de intervenciones diferentes y específicas.
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Alcohol use, cannabis use, and psychopathology symptoms among college students before and after COVID-19. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:73-79. [PMID: 34325235 PMCID: PMC8417751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
College students have experienced significant disruptions related to COVID-19, and limited international data suggest they may be at elevated risk for mental health symptom increases related to COVID. Given their potentially elevated risk, our aim was to evaluate differences from pre-college closures to post-closure in mental health symptoms, alcohol, and cannabis use. Participants (N = 4749) were from seven U.S. public universities/colleges. They were 70.1 % female and 48.5 % white, non-Hispanic/Latino, with 48.1 % in their first college/university year. 30-day retrospective assessments of alcohol and cannabis use, and past 2-week retrospective assessments of anxiety, depression, anger, and insomnia were captured at the time of the survey. We examined differences between those providing data pre- and post-university closure via linear and negative binomial regressions. Alcohol and cannabis use days were 13 % and 24 % higher, respectively, from pre-to post-university closure; also, prevalence of any 30-day alcohol use and alcohol use consequences were both higher in the post-closure sample (odds ratios = 1.34 and 1.31, respectively). In contrast, days of binge alcohol use were 4 % lower in the post-closing sample. Depressive symptoms and anger were both modestly higher in post-closing participants (d < 0.1), with no differences in anxiety symptoms or insomnia. The modest differences in substance use and mental health from pre-closure through two months post-college closure suggest unexpected resilience in a large and diverse sample of students. College health providers will need to identify those students experiencing the greatest increases in mental health symptoms and substance use, using innovative outreach and treatment.
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Richards DK, Schwebel FJ, Bravo AJ, Pearson MR. A comparison of cannabis protective behavioral strategies use across cultures and sex. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106966. [PMID: 34020169 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are behaviors used before, during, after, and/or instead of cannabis use to reduce consumption, intoxication, and related harms. To leverage PBS to address the global health burden of cannabis use, especially in light of the changes in cannabis-related policies around the world, a better understanding of PBS across cultures is needed. In the present study, we conduct a cross-cultural examination of cannabis PBS use among college students. METHOD Participants were 1175 college students (U.S. [n = 697], Argentina [n = 153], Uruguay [n = 46], Spain [n = 169], and the Netherlands [n = 66]) who reported past-month cannabis use (63.3% female; Mage = 20.96, SD = 3.95). RESULTS We found differences in the frequency of cannabis PBS use across countries such that the U.S. and Spain samples reported the most frequent cannabis PBS use and the Netherlands sample reported the least frequent cannabis PBS use. Although not statistically significant, we found that cannabis PBS use was positively correlated with cannabis-related outcomes (i.e., frequency, quantity, and negative consequences of cannabis use) among the Argentina and the Netherlands samples. Finally, across all countries but the Netherlands, females reported more frequent cannabis PBS use than males, but the associations of PBS with cannabis-related outcomes were larger for males than females. CONCLUSIONS Given preliminary evidence for cultural differences in cannabis PBS use, future research is needed to better understand the cultural factors underlying these differences to inform the delivery of interventions aimed at reducing the harms of cannabis among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan K Richards
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, United States.
| | - Frank J Schwebel
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, United States
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, United States
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Pilatti A, Prince MA, Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Mezquita L, Pautassi RM, Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team. Cannabis-Related Perceptions as Mediators of the Association Between Trait Impulsivity and Cannabis Outcomes. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:522-535. [PMID: 34343085 PMCID: PMC8356788 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Normative perceptions have been shown to mediate the effect of personality traits on cannabis outcomes. We examined descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and the role of cannabis in college life as possible mediators of the association between impulsivity-related traits (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, perseverance, and premeditation) and cannabis outcomes (i.e., frequency of cannabis use and negative consequences) among college students from five countries. METHOD A total of 1,175 college students (United States, n = 698; Argentina, n = 153; Spain, n = 178; Uruguay, n = 79; and Netherlands, n = 67) who were also cannabis users (i.e., reported cannabis use at least once within the previous month) completed an online survey. We used path analysis to test whether the proposed double-mediated paths (impulsivity-like traits→perceived cannabis norms→cannabis use frequency→negative cannabis-related consequences) were invariant across countries/cultures. RESULTS Cannabis-related perceptions, particularly college cannabis beliefs and injunctive norms, significantly mediated the association between impulsivity and cannabis outcomes. Two significant double-mediated paths, which were invariant across sex and countries, were found: (a) higher positive urgency→higher endorsement of internalized norms→higher cannabis use frequency→more negative cannabis-related consequences and (b) higher sensation seeking→higher endorsement of injunctive norms→higher cannabis use frequency→more negative cannabis-related consequences. CONCLUSIONS The study corroborates previous findings on normative perceptions mediating the effects of impulsivity-like traits on cannabis outcomes and suggests that these processes may operate similarly among college student cannabis users in different legal and cultural contexts. The findings highlight the need to address internalized norms and suggest these normative perceptions may be a good intervention candidate to reduce cannabis use/consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mark A. Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
| | - Matthew R. Pearson
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentinaº
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Herchenroeder L, Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Prince MA, Study Team CCA. A cross-national examination of cannabis protective behavioral strategies' role in the relationship between Big Five personality traits and cannabis outcomes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 48:27-37. [PMID: 34134573 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1919689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Problematic cannabis use is common among young adults across the world. However, limited research has examined whether etiological models predicting negative consequences are universal.Objective: The present study examined whether the Five-Factor Model of personality (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) relates to cannabis outcomes via use of cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS) in a cross-national sample of college student cannabis users (i.e., used cannabis in the last 30 days).Method: Participants were 1175 university students (63.27% female) across five countries (United States, Argentina, Spain, Uruguay, and the Netherlands) recruited to complete an online survey.Results: PBS use mediated the associations between personality traits and cannabis consequences, such that higher conscientiousness (β = .20), agreeableness (β = .11), and lower emotional stability [i.e., higher neuroticism] (β = -.14) were associated with more PBS use. Higher PBS use was, in turn, associated with lower frequency of cannabis use (β = -.32); lower frequency of use was then associated with fewer cannabis consequences (β = .34). This sequential pathway was invariant across sex, but not countries. Notably, there were a number of differences in links between PBS and cannabis outcomes when comparing countries (e.g., negative associations in the US sample, but positive associations in the Argentina sample).Conclusions: Cannabis PBS mediates the relationship between personality traits and cannabis outcomes, but there are nuanced differences across countries (i.e., relationship between PBS and cannabis outcomes). Overall, students that are low in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism and/or report low rates of PBS use may benefit from cannabis PBS-focused interventions that promote utilization of PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Herchenroeder
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Argentina
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Ortet G, Ibáñez MI, Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team. Preliminary validity and reliability evidence of the Brief Antisocial Behavior Scale (B-ABS) in young adults from four countries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247528. [PMID: 33617586 PMCID: PMC7899364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research built on the Self-Reported Delinquency interview and the Antisocial Behavior Scale to develop an updated brief instrument to measure antisocial behavior. College students (n = 3188, 67.75% women) from the USA, Argentina, the Netherlands and Spain completed an online survey. Analyses that combined approaches from the Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory were conducted to select the items for the brief version. Findings suggested that a 13-item Brief Antisocial Behavior Scale (B-ABS) fulfilled the high-quality criteria: salient factor loadings, adequate discrimination, variability in response endorsement, adequate fit based on infit/outfit values, nondifferent item functioning across the four participating countries, and Cronbach's alpha and ordinal omega coefficients higher than .70. The B-ABS scores generally significantly correlated with personality scores, mental health and marijuana outcomes, showing criterion-related validity evidence. Our overall findings suggest that B-ABS adequately assesses antisocial behavior in young adults from different countries/cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CIPSI Grupo Vinculado CIECS-UNC-CONICET, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Manuel I. Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
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Burdzovic Andreas J, Sivertsen B, Lønning KJ, Skogen JC. Cannabis use among Norwegian university students: Gender differences, legalization support and use intentions, risk perceptions, and use disorder. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 13:100339. [PMID: 33604449 PMCID: PMC7873627 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Past year cannabis use was fairly common in a sample of Norwegian college students. About 6% of users possibly met criteria for use disorder, function of use frequency. Legalization attitudes and risk perceptions were associated with cannabis use risk. Intentions to use cannabis if legal were evident even among some current non-users. Many non-users expressed uncertainty in legalization attitudes and risk perceptions.
Aims We explored past-year cannabis use and associated characteristics, focusing on legalization attitudes, use intentions, risk perceptions, and possible dependence among Norwegian university/college students. Methods We examined a nation-wide sample of Norwegian university/college students (N = 49,688; 67% female) who participated in the Students’ Health and Wellbeing Study (SHoT-study) in 2018. Participants reported past-year substance use, support for cannabis legalization, intent to use cannabis if legal, and perceived risks of weekly use. Past-year cannabis use (including use frequency) was examined in relation to these indicators. Legalization support, use intentions, and risk perceptions were examined in relation to use and gender. Potential cannabis use disorder was assessed with the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and examined in relation to use frequency and gender. Findings Past-year use was reported by 15.3% (11.8% women; 22.9% men). Majority of current users (roughly 90%) used no more than 50 times past year, and 6% (3.8% women; 8.5% men) met CAST use disorder criteria. Legalization support, use intentions, and no/low risk perceptions were significantly associated with greater odds of use, and greater use frequency among current users in both crude and adjusted models. Legalization support (23.0%), use intentions (14.0%), and perceptions of no/low risk (29.2%) were also relatively common even among current non-users, especially men. Male gender and more frequent use were associated with greater CAST scores and greater odds of use disorder. Conclusions Cannabis use was relatively common in this student sample. In addition to targeting frequent use, interventions may focus on cannabis-related attitudes and risk perceptions among uncertain/uninformed students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Jussie Lønning
- The Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway.,The Student Welfare Association of Oslo and Akershus (SiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Swan C, Ferro MA, Thompson K. Does how you use matter? The link between mode of use and cannabis-related risk. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106620. [PMID: 32911353 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the recent legalization of cannabis there are more cannabis products available to consumers today than ever before. However, little is known about the relation of distinct modes of use to cannabis-related risks. The current study estimated the prevalence of different modes of use among a sample of university students, and quantified the magnitude of association between modes of use (type and number) and cannabis-related risks (i.e., dependence, negative consequences, simultaneous use with alcohol). METHODS The sample included 368 undergraduate students (71% female) who reported using cannabis in the last 6 months. RESULTS Joints were the most commonly reported primary mode (39%), followed by bongs/water pipes (33%), hand pipes (14%), edibles (7%) and vaporizers (5%). The majority of participants were multi-mode users (88%). On average, participants reported using 2.72 (sd = 1.04) modes of cannabis regularly. Bong users had more cannabis related harms (B = 1.85, p < .001), dependence symptoms (B = 1.87, p < .001) and were twice as likely to use alcohol and cannabis simultaneously (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.17-3.74) compared to joint users. However, these associations were attenuated after adjusting for sex, age and cannabis frequency. Multi-modal users reported significantly more cannabis-related harms and misuse symptoms compared to single mode users. CONCLUSION Few differences in cannabis risks were found across modes of use. Frequency of use remains the most significant predictor of cannabis related risks. However, findings suggest that multimodal may be indicative of high risk cannabis use patterns and is an important target for screening and intervention.
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Wisener M, Khoury B. Is self-compassion negatively associated with alcohol and marijuana-related problems via coping motives? Addict Behav 2020; 111:106554. [PMID: 32717500 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and marijuana misuse is prevalent on many university campuses, with high rates of undergraduate students reporting experiencing alcohol and/or marijuana-related problems, which have been consistently associated with coping-motivated use. While previous studies have found dispositional mindfulness to be negatively associated with coping motives and alcohol-related problems, the present two-part study examines self-compassion, a complementary construct to mindfulness. Study One examines whether dispositional self-compassion is negatively associated with alcohol-related problems via drinking to cope with anxiety and depression, whereas Study Two extends this model by examining whether dispositional self-compassion is negatively associated with marijuana-related problems via coping-motivated marijuana use. Undergraduate students (N = 174 in Study One; N = 165 in Study Two) completed self-report measures assessing their levels of dispositional self-compassion, drinking or marijuana motives, and alcohol or marijuana-related problems. In Study One, mediation analyses showed dispositional self-compassion was negatively associated with alcohol-related problems via drinking to cope with anxiety, but not depression. In Study Two, mediation analyses showed dispositional self-compassion was negatively associated with marijuana-related problems via coping-motivated marijuana use. Future research should investigate whether self-compassion training helps reduce drinking to cope with anxiety, drinking to cope with depression, and/or coping-motivated marijuana use and the associated problems, and how this relationship differs for students who drink to cope with anxiety versus depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wisener
- McGill University, 3700 Rue McTavish, Room 614, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada.
| | - Bassam Khoury
- McGill University, 3700 Rue McTavish, Room 517, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada.
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Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Morizot J, Pilatti A, Pearson MR, Ibáñez MI, Ortet G, Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team. Cross-cultural examination of the Big Five Personality Trait Short Questionnaire: Measurement invariance testing and associations with mental health. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226223. [PMID: 31846470 PMCID: PMC6917272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the measurement invariance of the Big Five Personality Trait Short Questionnaire (BFPTSQ) across language (Spanish and English), Spanish-speaking country of origin (Argentina and Spain) and gender groups (female and male). Evidence of criterion-related validity was examined via associations (i.e., correlations) between the BFPTSQ domains and a wide variety of mental health outcomes. College students (n = 2158) from the USA (n = 1117 [63.21% female]), Argentina (n = 353 [65.72% female]) and Spain (n = 688 [66.86% female]) completed an online survey. Of the tested models, an Exploratory Structural Equation Model (ESEM) fit the data best. Multigroup ESEM and ESEM-within-CFA generally supported the measurement invariance of the questionnaire across groups. Internalizing symptomatology, rumination and low happiness were related mainly to low emotional stability across countries, while low agreeableness and low conscientiousness were related chiefly to externalizing symptomology (i.e., antisocial behavior and drug outcomes). Some correlational differences arose across countries and are discussed. Our findings generally support the BFPTSQ as an adequate measure to assess the Big Five personality domains in Spanish- and English-speaking young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Julien Morizot
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-UNC-CONICET), Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Matthew R. Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Manuel I. Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
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Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Baumgardner SF, Protective Strategies Study Team. The Relationship between Negative Affect and Alcohol and Marijuana Use Outcomes among Dual Users. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 55:658-665. [PMID: 31818171 PMCID: PMC7028486 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1696820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Past research with college students has found that substance use motives, particularly coping motives, mediate the relationship between negative affect and alcohol- and marijuana-related outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate substance use motives of dual users of both substances (past 30-day use; not necessarily simultaneous use) and identify any mediation effects that are either common to both substances or substance-specific. Methods: The majority of dual users (n = 2,034) identified as being White, non-Hispanic (63.8%), female (69.08%), and reported a mean age of 20.24 (SD = 3.16) years. To test study aims, path models were conducted such that negative affect (stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms) were independently modeled as predictors of substance use outcomes (i.e. quantity and consequences) via substance use motives. Results: All three negative affect symptoms were indirectly related to both alcohol and marijuana consequences via coping motives, such that higher negative affect was associated with higher coping motives; which in turn were positively associated with consequences. Substance-specific effects were also found: (a) stress was indirectly related to both alcohol and marijuana use quantity via enhancement motives, (b) depressive/anxiety symptoms were indirectly related to alcohol use quantity via enhancement motives, and (c) all three negative affect symptoms were indirectly related to both marijuana use quantity and negative consequences via expansion motives. Conclusions: Findings suggests that dual users of alcohol and marijuana with negative affect symptoms engage in substance use for similar reasons as single substance users with negative affect symptoms. Intervention efforts should examine ways to replace substance-related coping and expansion methods with non-substance-related methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J. Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Matthew R. Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Susan F. Baumgardner
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
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Bravo AJ, Sotelo M, Pilatti A, Mezquita L, Read JP. Depressive symptoms, ruminative thinking, marijuana use motives, and marijuana outcomes: A multiple mediation model among college students in five countries. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107558. [PMID: 31586807 PMCID: PMC6878192 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have evidenced that rumination and drinking motives may mediate the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol outcomes. The present study cross-culturally examined whether a similar mediation model may extend to marijuana. Specifically, we tested distinct rumination facets (problem-focused thoughts, counterfactual thinking, repetitive thoughts, and anticipatory thoughts) and marijuana use motives (social, coping, expansion, conformity, enhancement) as double-mediators of the paths from depressive symptoms to marijuana outcomes (use and consequences). METHOD A comprehensive mediation path model was tested in a cross-sectional sample of college student marijuana users (n = 1175) from five countries (U.S., Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, Netherlands). Multi-group models were tested to determine if the proposed mediational model was invariant across sex and different cultures/countries. RESULTS Depressive symptoms and marijuana outcomes were indirectly associated through ruminative thinking and marijuana motives. Specifically, higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher problem-focused thoughts; which in turn were associated with: a) higher endorsement of coping motives which in turn was associated with higher marijuana use and related consequences and b) lower endorsement of enhancement motives which in turn was associated with lower marijuana use and related consequences. The multi-group analyses showed that the model was invariant across sex and the five countries. CONCLUSIONS The present research supports the existence of a universal (i.e., cross-national invariant) negative affect regulation pathway to marijuana use/misuse similar to those previously found with alcohol. Additional research is needed to confirm the role of enhancement motives in the associations of depression, rumination and marijuana outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Melissa Sotelo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología. Bv. de la Reforma esq. Enfermera Gordillo s/n. Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPSI, Unidad Ejecutora CONICET-UNC. Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, av. de Vicente Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castelló, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, av. de Vicente Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castelló, Spain.
| | - Jennifer P Read
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, 12 Capen Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260-1660, USA.
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Pearson MR. A meta-analytic investigation of the associations between cannabis use and cannabis-related negative consequences. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:190-196. [PMID: 30843713 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current climate of policy change regarding cannabis (i.e., decriminalization, medicalization, and legalization), various stakeholders have a strong interest in determining the associations between cannabis use and important outcomes. The present study sought to quantify the association between indicators of cannabis use and the experience of cannabis-related negative consequences. We found 19 unique studies that examined the associations between cannabis use and negative consequences as measured by 1 of 4 measures: the Marijuana Problems Scale, the Rutgers Marijuana Problem Index, the Cannabis Problems Questionnaire, or the Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire. We used random effects meta-analytic techniques to estimate the average strength of association between cannabis use and negative consequences, determine the level of heterogeneity in effect sizes, and examine possible moderators of these associations (measure of consequences, gender/sex distribution). We found that cannabis use had a medium-sized association with consequences, rw = .367, with high levels of heterogeneity that depended to some extent on the specific consequence measure used. Similar to a meta-analytic integration of the alcohol use-consequences association, we found that most of the variance in cannabis-related negative consequences was not explained by any single indicator of cannabis use, pointing to the fact that additional factors need to be examined to explain the experience of negative consequences from cannabis use and that additional indicators of cannabis use may be needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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