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Peyster E, Yuan C, Arabyarmohammadi S, Lal P, Feldman M, Fu P, Margulies K, Madabhushi A. Computational Pathology Assessments of Cardiac Stromal Remodeling: Clinical Correlates and Prognostic Implications in Heart Transplantation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4364681. [PMID: 38798599 PMCID: PMC11118694 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4364681/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Both overt and indolent inflammatory insults in heart transplantation can accelerate pathologic cardiac remodeling, but there are few tools for monitoring the speed and severity of remodeling over time. To address this need, we developed an automated computational pathology system to measure pathologic remodeling in transplant biopsy samples in a large, retrospective cohort of n=2167 digitized heart transplant biopsy slides. Biopsy images were analyzed to identify the pathologic stromal changes associated with future allograft loss or advanced allograft vasculopathy. Biopsy images were then analyzed to assess which historical allo-inflammatory events drive progression of these pathologic stromal changes over time in serial biopsy samples. The top-5 features of pathologic stromal remodeling most strongly associated with adverse outcomes were also strongly associated with histories of both overt and indolent inflammatory events. Our findings identify previously unappreciated subgroups of higher- and lower-risk transplant patients, and highlight the translational potential of digital pathology analysis.
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Clemmensen TS, Hjort Baatrup J, Bjerre KP, Lichscheidt E, Nielsen PK, Eiskjaer H. Routine screening for HLA Antibodies in Heart Transplant patients-Does it affect clinical decision making? Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15281. [PMID: 38504577 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess outcomes in patients with and without donor specific antibodies (DSA) and to evaluate the relationship between DSA presence and graft function, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and mortality. METHODS The study population comprises 193 consecutive long-term heart transplanted (HTx) patients who underwent DSA surveillance between 2016 and 2022. The patients were prospectively screened for CAV through serial coronary angiograms, graft function impairment through serial echocardiograms, and cardiac biomarkers. The patients were followed from the first DSA measurement until death, 5 years follow-up or right censuring on the 30th of June 2023. RESULTS DSAs were detected in 50 patients using a cut-off at MFI ≥1000 and 45 patients using a cut-off at ≥2000 MFI. The median time since HTx was 9.0 years [3.0-14.4]. DSA positive patients had poorer graft function and higher values of NT-proBNP and troponin T, and more prevalent CAV than DSA negative patients. In total, 25 patients underwent endomyocardial biopsies due to DSA presence while another eight patients underwent endomyocardial biopsies for other reasons. Histological antibody mediated rejection (AMR) signs were seen in three biopsies. During a median follow-up of five years [4.7-5], a total of 41 patients died. Mortality rates did not differ between DSA positive and DSA negative patients (HR 1.2, 95% CI .6-2.4). DSA positive patients were more likely to experience CAV progression than DSA negative patients (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5-4.8) CONCLUSIONS: Routine screening reveals DSA in approximately 25% of long-term HTx patients but is rarely related to histopathological AMR signs. DSA presence was associated with poorer graft function and more prevalent and progressive CAV. However, DSA positive patients had similar survival rates to DSA negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emil Lichscheidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Eiskjaer
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Shah P, Agbor-Enoh S, Bagchi P, deFilippi CR, Mercado A, Diao G, Morales DJ, Shah KB, Najjar SS, Feller E, Hsu S, Rodrigo ME, Lewsey SC, Jang MK, Marboe C, Berry GJ, Khush KK, Valantine HA. Circulating microRNAs in cellular and antibody-mediated heart transplant rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1401-1413. [PMID: 35872109 PMCID: PMC9529890 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive monitoring of heart allograft health is important to improve clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are promising biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and limited studies suggest they can be used to noninvasively diagnose acute heart transplant rejection. METHODS The Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) is a multicenter prospective cohort study that phenotyped heart transplant patients from 5 mid-Atlantic centers. Patients who had no history of rejection after transplant were compared to patients with acute cellular rejection (ACR) or antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Small RNA sequencing was performed on plasma samples collected at the time of an endomyocardial biopsy. Differential miR expression was performed with adjustment for clinical covariates. Regression was used to develop miR panels with high diagnostic accuracy for ACR and AMR. These panels were then validated in independent samples from GRAfT and Stanford University. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and area under the curve (AUC) statistics calculated. Distinct ACR and AMR clinical scores were developed to translate miR expression data for clinical use. RESULTS The GRAfT cohort had a median age of 52 years, with 35% females and 45% Black patients. Between GRAfT and Stanford, we included 157 heart transplant patients: 108 controls and 49 with rejection (50 ACR and 38 AMR episodes). After differential miR expression and regression analysis, we identified 12 miRs that accurately discriminate ACR and 17 miRs in AMR. Independent validation of the miR panels within GRAfT led to an ACR AUC 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-0.98) and AMR AUC 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.90). The externally validated ACR AUC was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59-0.82). We developed distinct ACR and AMR miR clinical scores (range 0-100), a score ≥ 65, identified ACR with 86% sensitivity, 76% specificity, and 98% negative predictive value, for AMR score performance was 82%, 84% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel miRs that had excellent performance to noninvasively diagnose acute rejection after heart transplantation. Once rigorously validated, the unique clinical ACR and AMR scores usher in an era whereby genomic biomarkers can be used to screen and diagnose the subtype of rejection. These novel biomarkers may potentially alleviate the need for an endomyocardial biopsy while facilitating the initiation of targeted therapy based on the noninvasive diagnosis of ACR or AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support & Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia; Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pramita Bagchi
- Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | | | - Angela Mercado
- Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support & Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Gouqing Diao
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Dave Jp Morales
- Heart Failure & Transplantation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Keyur B Shah
- The Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Samer S Najjar
- Advanced Heart Failure Program, Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Erika Feller
- Heart Failure & Transplantation, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria E Rodrigo
- The Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sabra C Lewsey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles Marboe
- Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian University Hospital of Cornell and Columbia, New York, New York, New York
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kiran K Khush
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Hannah A Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Costa C, Amador AF, Calvão J, Pinto R, Pereira PR, Torres JP, Amorim S, Macedo F. Late Cardiac Antibody-Mediated Rejection: A Only Heart Duel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2022; 4:117-121. [PMID: 36263105 PMCID: PMC9383344 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2021.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Costa
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Amador
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Calvão
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues Pereira
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, and University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Pinheiro Torres
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Amorim
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Macedo
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
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Yerly P, Rotman S, Regamey J, Aubert V, Aur S, Kirsch M, Hullin R, Pascual M. Complement blockade with eculizumab to treat acute symptomatic humoral rejection after heart transplantation. Xenotransplantation 2022; 29:e12726. [PMID: 35001433 PMCID: PMC9285545 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is a major barrier preventing successful discordant organ xenotransplantation, but it also occurs in allotransplantation due to anti‐HLA antibodies. Symptomatic acute AMR is rare after heart allograft but carries a high risk of mortality, especially >1 year after transplant. As complement activation may play a major role in mediating tissue injury in acute AMR, drugs blocking the terminal complement cascade like eculizumab may be useful, particularly since “standards of care” like plasmapheresis are not based on strong evidence. Eculizumab was successfully used to treat early acute kidney AMR, a typical condition of “active AMR,” but showed mitigated results in late AMR, where “chronic active” lesions are more prevalent. Here, we report the case of a heart recipient who presented with acute heart failure due to late acute AMR with eight de novo donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA), and who fully recovered allograft function and completely cleared DSA following plasmapheresis‐free upfront eculizumab administration in addition to thymoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), and rituximab. Several clinical (acute onset, abrupt and severe loss of graft function), biological (sudden high‐level production of DSA), and pathological features (microvascular injury, C4d deposits) of this cardiac recipient are shared with early kidney AMR and may indicate a strong role of complement in the pathogenesis of acute graft injury that may respond to drugs like eculizumab. Terminal complement blockade should be further explored to treat acute AMR in recipients of heart allografts and possibly also in recipients of discordant xenografts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yerly
- Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Rotman
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Regamey
- Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Aubert
- Service of Immunology and Allergology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Aur
- Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Service of Cardiac Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roger Hullin
- Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Rodriguez ER, Santos-Martins C, Tan CD. Pathology of cardiac transplantation. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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7
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Correlation Between Microvascular Inflammation in Endomyocardial Biopsies and Rejection Transcripts, Donor-specific Antibodies, and Graft Dysfunction in Antibody-mediated Rejection. Transplantation 2021; 106:1455-1464. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Yopes M, Fanek T, Fuselier B, Gaine M, Jackson R, Mabasa A, Kim A, Jennings DL, Clerkin K, Yuzefpolskaya M, Habal M, Latif F, Restaino S, Lee SH, Farr M, Colombo P, Sayer G, Uriel N. Chronic intermittent intravenous immunoglobulin in heart transplant recipients with elevated donor-specific antibody levels. Clin Transplant 2021; 36:e14524. [PMID: 34705286 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are associated with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and poor patient survival. In heart transplant, the efficacy of intermittent intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in reducing de novo DSA levels and treating AMR has not been characterized. We retrospectively studied a cohort of 19 patients receiving intermittent IVIg for elevated DSA and examined changes in DSA levels and graft function. Intermittent IVIg infusions were generally safe and well tolerated. Overall, 23 of 62 total DSA (37%) were undetectable after treatment, 21 DSA (34%) had MFI decrease by more than 25%, and 18 (29%) had MFI decrease by less than 25% or increase. The average change in MFI was -51% ± 71% (P < .001). Despite reductions in DSA, among the six patients (32%) with biopsy-confirmed AMR, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased in five (83%) and cardiac index (CI) decreased in three (50%). Conversely, LVEF increased in 91% and CI increased in 70% of biopsy-negative patients. All six AMR patients were readmitted during treatment, four for confirmed or suspected rejection. IVIg infusions may stabilize the allograft in patients with elevated DSA and negative biopsies, but once AMR has developed does not appear to improve allograft function despite decreasing DSA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Yopes
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tala Fanek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Byron Fuselier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maureen Gaine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruslana Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelo Mabasa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas L Jennings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Clerkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marlena Habal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Farhana Latif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Restaino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sun Hi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maryjane Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Sayer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nir Uriel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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[Pathology of heart transplantation: Where are we now?]. Ann Pathol 2021; 41:38-49. [PMID: 33413972 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathology is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of rejection in heart transplantation. During the last decade, molecular pathology has emerged as a powerful tool for the understanding of the processes implicated in allograft rejection. Transcriptomic analysis of the allograft may also help the pathologist for diagnosis and accurate classification of rejection. This review will describe the recent advances and perspectives of molecular pathology in the field of heart transplantation.
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Chih S, McDonald M, Dipchand A, Kim D, Ducharme A, Kaan A, Abbey S, Toma M, Anderson K, Davey R, Mielniczuk L, Campbell P, Zieroth S, Bourgault C, Badiwala M, Clarke B, Belanger E, Carrier M, Conway J, Doucette K, Giannetti N, Isaac D, MacArthur R, Senechal M. Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Cardiac Transplant Network Position Statement on Heart Transplantation: Patient Eligibility, Selection, and Post-Transplantation Care. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:335-356. [PMID: 32145863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant practice-changing developments have occurred in the care of heart transplantation candidates and recipients over the past decade. This Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Cardiac Transplant Network Position Statement provides evidence-based, expert panel recommendations with values and preferences, and practical tips on: (1) patient selection criteria; (2) selected patient populations; and (3) post transplantation surveillance. The recommendations were developed through systematic review of the literature and using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The evolving areas of importance addressed include transplant recipient age, frailty assessment, pulmonary hypertension evaluation, cannabis use, combined heart and other solid organ transplantation, adult congenital heart disease, cardiac amyloidosis, high sensitization, and post-transplantation management of antibodies to human leukocyte antigen, rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and long-term noncardiac care. Attention is also given to Canadian-specific management strategies including the prioritization of highly sensitized transplant candidates (status 4S) and heart organ allocation algorithms. The focus topics in this position statement highlight the increased complexity of patients who undergo evaluation for heart transplantation as well as improved patient selection, and advances in post-transplantation management and surveillance that have led to better long-term outcomes for heart transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chih
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael McDonald
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Dipchand
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Kim
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anique Ducharme
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Susan Abbey
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mustafa Toma
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim Anderson
- Halifax Infirmary, Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan Davey
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Mielniczuk
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Christine Bourgault
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec
| | - Mitesh Badiwala
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michel Carrier
- Department of Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Conway
- Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Debra Isaac
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mario Senechal
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada
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Non-invasive cardiac allograft rejection surveillance: reliability and clinical value for prevention of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:319-336. [PMID: 32889634 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Allograft rejection-related acute and chronic heart failure (HF) is a major cause of death in heart transplant recipients. Given the deleterious impact of late recognized acute rejection (AR) or non-recognized asymptomatic antibody-mediated rejection on short- and long-term allograft function improvement of AR surveillance and optimization of action strategies for confirmed AR can prevent AR-related allograft failure and delay the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, which is the major cause for HF after the first posttransplant year. Routine non-invasive monitoring of cardiac function can improve both detection and functional severity grading of AR. It can also be helpful in guiding the anti-AR therapy and timing of routine surveillance endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs). The combined use of EMBs with non-invasive technologies and methods, which allow detection of subclinical alterations in myocardial function (e.g., tissue Doppler imaging and speckle-tracking echocardiography), reveal alloimmune activation (e.g., screening of complement-activating donor-specific antibodies and circulating donor-derived cell-free DNA) and help in predicting the imminent risk of immune-mediated injury (e.g., gene expression profiling, screening of non-HLA antibodies, and circulating donor-derived cell-free DNA), can ensure the best possible surveillance and management of AR. This article gives an overview of the current knowledge about the reliability and clinical value of non-invasive cardiac allograft AR surveillance. Particular attention is focused on the potential usefulness of non-invasive tools and techniques for detection and functional grading of early and late ARs in asymptomatic patients. Overall, the review aimed to provide a theoretical and practical basis for those engaged in this particularly demanding up-to-date topic.
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Dandel M, Hetzer R. Impact of rejection-related immune responses on the initiation and progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Am Heart J 2020; 222:46-63. [PMID: 32018202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bery AI, Hachem RR. Antibody-mediated rejection after lung transplantation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:411. [PMID: 32355855 PMCID: PMC7186640 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) has been identified as a significant form of acute allograft dysfunction in lung transplantation. The development of consensus diagnostic criteria has created a uniform definition of AMR; however, significant limitations of these criteria have been identified. Treatment modalities for AMR have been adapted from other areas of medicine and data on the effectiveness of these therapies in AMR are limited. AMR is often refractory to these therapies, and graft failure and death are common. AMR is associated with increased rates of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and poor long-term survival. In this review, we discuss the history of AMR and describe known mechanisms, application of the consensus diagnostic criteria, data for current treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes. In addition, we highlight current gaps in knowledge, ongoing research, and future directions to address these gaps. Promising diagnostic techniques are actively being investigated that may allow for early detection and treatment of AMR. We conclude that further investigation is required to identify and define chronic and subclinical AMR, and head-to-head comparisons of currently used treatment protocols are necessary to identify an optimal treatment approach. Gaps in knowledge regarding the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of AMR continue to exist and future research should focus on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit I Bery
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Worel N, Mansouri Taleghani B, Strasser E. Recommendations for Therapeutic Apheresis by the Section "Preparative and Therapeutic Hemapheresis" of the German Society for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 46:394-406. [PMID: 31933569 DOI: 10.1159/000503937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The section "Preparative and Therapeutic Hemapheresis" of the German Society for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology (DGTI) has reviewed the actual literature and updated techniques and indications for evidence-based use of therapeutic apheresis in human disease. The recommendations are mostly in line with the "Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice" published by the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) and have been conducted by experts from the DACH (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Worel
- Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Behrouz Mansouri Taleghani
- University Clinic of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erwin Strasser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Padmanabhan A, Connelly-Smith L, Aqui N, Balogun RA, Klingel R, Meyer E, Pham HP, Schneiderman J, Witt V, Wu Y, Zantek ND, Dunbar NM, Schwartz GEJ. Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice - Evidence-Based Approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Eighth Special Issue. J Clin Apher 2019; 34:171-354. [PMID: 31180581 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Journal of Clinical Apheresis (JCA) Special Issue Writing Committee is charged with reviewing, updating and categorizing indications for the evidence-based use of therapeutic apheresis (TA) in human disease. Since the 2007 JCA Special Issue (Fourth Edition), the committee has incorporated systematic review and evidence-based approaches in the grading and categorization of apheresis indications. This Eighth Edition of the JCA Special Issue continues to maintain this methodology and rigor in order to make recommendations on the use of apheresis in a wide variety of diseases/conditions. The JCA Eighth Edition, like its predecessor, continues to apply the category and grading system definitions in fact sheets. The general layout and concept of a fact sheet that was introduced in the Fourth Edition, has largely been maintained in this edition. Each fact sheet succinctly summarizes the evidence for the use of TA in a specific disease entity or medical condition. The Eighth Edition comprises 84 fact sheets for relevant diseases and medical conditions, with 157 graded and categorized indications and/or TA modalities. The Eighth Edition of the JCA Special Issue seeks to continue to serve as a key resource that guides the utilization of TA in the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Padmanabhan
- Medical Sciences Institute & Blood Research Institute, Versiti & Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Laura Connelly-Smith
- Department of Medicine, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance & University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicole Aqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rasheed A Balogun
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Reinhard Klingel
- Apheresis Research Institute, Cologne, Germany & First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Erin Meyer
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/BMT/Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Huy P Pham
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Schneiderman
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Neuro-oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Volker Witt
- Department for Pediatrics, St. Anna Kinderspital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yanyun Wu
- Bloodworks NW & Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nicole D Zantek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nancy M Dunbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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Glass C, Butt YM, Gokaslan ST, Torrealba JR. CD68/CD31 immunohistochemistry double stain demonstrates increased accuracy in diagnosing pathologic antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplant patients. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:3149-3154. [PMID: 31339651 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic antibody-mediated rejection (pAMR) occurs in 10% of cardiac transplant patients and is associated with increased mortality. The endomyocardial biopsy remains the primary diagnostic tool to detect and define pAMR. However, certain challenges arise for the pathologist. Accurate identification of >10% of intravascular macrophages along with endothelial swelling, which remains a critical component of diagnosing pAMR, is one such challenge. We used double labeling with an endothelial and histiocytic marker to improve diagnostic accuracy. Twenty-two cardiac transplant endomyocardial biopsies were screened using a CD68/CD31 immunohistochemical (IHC) double stain. To determine whether pAMR diagnosis would change using the double stain, intravascular macrophage staining was compared to using CD68 alone. Twenty-two cardiac pAMR cases from patients were included. Fifty-nine percent of cases previously called >10% intravascular macrophage positive by CD68 alone were called <10% positive using the CD68/CD31 double stain. Not using the double stain was associated with a significant overcall. In C4d-negative cases, using the CD68/CD31 double stain downgraded the diagnosis of pAMR2 to pAMR1 in 32% of cases. It was concluded that more than one third of patients were overdiagnosed with pAMR using CD68 by IHC alone. We demonstrate the value of using a CD68/CD31 double stain to increase accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Glass
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yasmeen M Butt
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sefik Tunc Gokaslan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jose R Torrealba
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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18
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Does the antibody mediated rejection grading scale have prognostic prediction? Yes, but the picture is still blurry. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 24:265-270. [PMID: 31090634 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a condition difficult to diagnose and treat, which may significantly impair the outcome of heart transplant recipients. In clinical practice, diagnosis is based on immunopathology grading of endomyocardial biopsies (EMB). Despite its value, the current diagnostic system has several pitfalls that have been addressed in recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS Pathology grading of ABMR (pAMR) has a relevant prognostic factor. However, it does not capture several nuances, such as chronic vs. acute ABMR, mixed rejection or microvascular inflammation. Molecular biology-based assays are shedding new light on the mechanisms of ABMR, which could improve the precision of ABMR diagnosis. SUMMARY These new findings have the potential to rearrange EMB grading system and to guide more precisely decision-making, but studies validating the therapeutic management based on molecular-pathology coupling are still missing.
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19
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Sipahi NF, Saeed D, Makimoto H, Mehdiani A, Akhyari P, Dalyanoglu H, Reinecke P, Lichtenberg A, Boeken U. Antibody-mediated rejection after cardiac transplant: Treatment with immunoadsorption, intravenous immunoglobulin, and anti-thymocyte globulin. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 42:370-373. [PMID: 30638121 DOI: 10.1177/0391398818823763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection of allograft is a poorly understood problem after cardiac transplantation that complicates the postoperative course and impairs the graft function and overall survival. Although plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulins have been used as standard therapies for years, there is no consensus about antibody-mediated rejection therapy and most transplantation centers have their own protocols. We describe herein a successful treatment for an acute antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac allograft combining immunoadsorption, intravenous immunoglobulins, and anti-thymocyte globulin, which manifested with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and right ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Firat Sipahi
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diyar Saeed
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hisaki Makimoto
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Pulmonary Diseases, Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arash Mehdiani
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannan Dalyanoglu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Reinecke
- 3 Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Udo Boeken
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Hollander SA, Peng DM, Mills M, Berry GJ, Fedrigo M, McElhinney DB, Almond CS, Rosenthal DN. Pathological antibody-mediated rejection in pediatric heart transplant recipients: Immunologic risk factors, hemodynamic significance, and outcomes. Pediatr Transplant 2018; 22:e13197. [PMID: 29729067 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biopsy-diagnosed pAMR has been observed in over half of pediatric HT recipients within 6 years of transplantation. We report the incidence and outcomes of pAMR at our center. All endomyocardial biopsies for all HT recipients transplanted between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed and classified using contemporary ISHLT guidelines. Graft dysfunction was defined as a qualitative decrement in systolic function by echocardiogram or an increase of ≥3 mm Hg in atrial filling pressure by direct measurement. Among 96 patients, pAMR2 occurred in 7 (7%) over a median follow-up period of 3.1 years, while no cases of pAMR3 occurred. A history of CHD, DSA at transplant, and elevated filling pressures were associated with pAMR2. Five-sixths (83%) of patients developed new C1q+ DSA at the time of pAMR diagnosis. There was a trend toward reduced survival, with 43% of patients dying within 2.3 years of pAMR diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Hollander
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David M Peng
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcos Mills
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, LPCH Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Almond
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David N Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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Epailly E, Chenard MP, Van Huyen JPD. Biopsy-Negative Rejection: a Rare but Difficult Issue in Heart Transplantation. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-018-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite the improvement in medical therapy for heart failure and the advancements in mechanical circulatory support, heart transplantation (HT) still remains the best therapeutic option to improve survival and quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure. Nevertheless, HT recipients are exposed to the risk of several potential complications that may impair their outcomes. In this article, we aim to provide a practical and scholarly framework for clinicians approaching heart transplant medicine, as well as a concise update for the experienced readers on the most relevant post-HT complications. RECENT FINDINGS While recognizing that most of the treatments herein discussed are based more on experience than on solid scientific evidence, significant step forward has been made in particular in the recognition and management of primary graft dysfunction, antibody-mediated rejection, and renal dysfunction. Complications after HT may vary according to the time from surgery and can be related to graft function and pathology or to diseases and dysfunctions occurring in other organs or systems, mainly as side effects of immunosuppressive drugs and progression of pre-existing conditions. Future research needs to focus on improving precision diagnostics of causes of graft dysfunction and on reaching an optimal and customized balance between efficacy and toxicities of immunosuppressive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Potena
- Heart Transplant Program, Bologna Academic Hospital, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Building 25, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andreas Zuckermann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco Barberini
- Heart Transplant Program, Bologna Academic Hospital, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Building 25, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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23
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The clinical impact of donor-specific antibodies in heart transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2018; 32:207-217. [PMID: 29804793 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are integral to the development of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Chronic AMR is associated with high mortality and an increased risk for cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Anti-donor HLA antibodies are present in 3-11% of patients at the time of heart transplantation (HTx), with de novo DSA (predominantly anti-HLA class II) developing post-transplant in 10-30% of patients. DSA are associated with lower graft and patient survival after HTx, with one study suggesting a three-fold increase in mortality in patients who develop de novo DSA (dnDSA). DSA against anti-HLA class II, notably DQ, are at particularly high risk for graft loss. Although detection of DSA is not a criterion for pathologic diagnosis of AMR, circulating DSA are found in almost all cases of AMR. MFI thresholds of ~5000 for DSA against class I antibodies, 2000 against class II antibodies, or an overall cut-off of 5-6000 for any DSA, have been suggested as being predictive for AMR. There is no firm consensus on pre-transplant strategies to treat HLA antibodies, or for the elimination of antibodies after diagnosis of AMR. Minimizing the risk of dnDSA is rational but data on risk factors in HTx are limited. The effect of different immunosuppressive regimens is largely unexplored in HTx, but studies in kidney transplantation emphasize the importance of adherence and maintaining adequate immunosuppression. One study has suggested a reduced risk for dnDSA with rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction. Management of DSA pre- and post-HTx varies but typically most centers rely on a plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption, with or without rituximab and/or intravenous immunoglobulin. Based on the literature and a multi-center survey, an algorithm for a suggested surveillance and therapeutic strategy is provided.
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24
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Kállay K, Zakariás D, Csordás K, Benyó G, Kassa C, Sinkó J, Stréhn A, Horváth O, Vásárhelyi B, Kriván G. Antithymocyte Globuline Therapy and Bradycardia in Children. Pathol Oncol Res 2018. [PMID: 29524166 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In antithymocyte globulin (ATG) treated patients occasionally bradycardia has been noticed. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the occurrence of bradycardia in ATG-treated children. Using medical records between 2007 and 2012 we identified children undergoing a combined therapy with ATG and glucocorticoids (ATG group, n = 22). The incidence of bradycardia was compared to that registered in children treated with glucocorticoids alone (glucocorticoid alone group, n = 21). Heart rates (HR) were registered before and on days 0-3, 4-7 and 8-14 after the ATG or steroid administration. The rate of bradycardic episodes was higher during ATG therapy than in the steroid alone group, while severe bradycardia occurred only in the ATG group (97 versus 32, p = 0.0037, and 13 versus 0, p = 0.0029, respectively). There was an interaction between the time and treatment group on HR (p = 0.046). Heart rates in ATG and steroid alone groups differed significantly on day 0-3 and day 4-7 (p = 0.046, p = 0.006, respectively). Within the ATG group HR was lower on days 4-7 compared to the days before and the days 8-14 values (p < 0.001, 95%CI: 0.020-0.074). These findings indicate that transient asymptomatic bradycardia is probably more common with ATG therapy than previously reported. HR should be closely monitored during and after ATG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Kállay
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary.
| | - Dávid Zakariás
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Katalin Csordás
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Gábor Benyó
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kassa
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - János Sinkó
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Anita Stréhn
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Horváth
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Barna Vásárhelyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kriván
- Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, United St. István and St. László Hospital, Albert Flórián street 5-7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
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25
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Kobashigawa J, Colvin M, Potena L, Dragun D, Crespo-Leiro MG, Delgado JF, Olymbios M, Parameshwar J, Patel J, Reed E, Reinsmoen N, Rodriguez ER, Ross H, Starling RC, Tyan D, Urschel S, Zuckermann A. The management of antibodies in heart transplantation: An ISHLT consensus document. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:537-547. [PMID: 29452978 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the successes from refined peri-operative management techniques and immunosuppressive therapies, antibodies remain a serious cause of morbidity and mortality for patients both before and after heart transplantation. Patients awaiting transplant who possess antibodies against human leukocyte antigen are disadvantaged by having to wait longer to receive an organ from a suitably matched donor. The number of pre-sensitized patients has been increasing, a trend that is likely due to the increased use of mechanical circulatory support devices. Even patients who are not pre-sensitized can go on to produce donor-specific antibodies after transplant, which are associated with worse outcomes. The difficulty in managing antibodies is uncertainty over which antibodies are of clinical relevance, which patients to treat, and which treatments are most effective and safe. There is a distinct lack of data from prospective trials. An international consensus conference was organized and attended by 103 participants from 75 centers to debate contentious issues, determine the best practices, and formulate ideas for future research on antibodies. Prominent experts presented state-of-the-art talks on antibodies, which were followed by group discussions, and then, finally, a reconvened session to establish consensus where possible. Herein we address the discussion, consensus points, and research ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Kobashigawa
- Advanced Heart Disease Section, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Monica Colvin
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luciano Potena
- Department of Specialist, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Duska Dragun
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universtätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria G Crespo-Leiro
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan F Delgado
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Olymbios
- Advanced Heart Disease Section, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Jignesh Patel
- Advanced Heart Disease Section, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elaine Reed
- UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nancy Reinsmoen
- Department of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E Rene Rodriguez
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather Ross
- Ted Rogers Centre of Excellence in Heart Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randall C Starling
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dolly Tyan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Simon Urschel
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andreas Zuckermann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplantation: new developments and old uncertainties. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2017; 22:207-214. [PMID: 28301387 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) currently represents one of the main problems for clinical management of heart transplant because of its diagnostic complexity and poor evidences supporting treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Disorder-based diagnosis is a cornerstone in defining AMR. The limitations of the current classification have been partially overcome by novel studies improving the description of the immune-pathological graft abnormalities, and by new molecular approaches allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms behind AMR and of its relationship with cellular rejection and chronic vasculopathy. In-depth characterization of donor-specific antibodies showed to provide additional prognostic information and guide for treatment. Clinical relevance of AMR is bound to appropriate detection of graft dysfunction. In addition to traditional longitudinal evaluation by echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance and detection of cell-free DNA may represent novel sensitive markers for graft injury that could prompt treatment before dysfunction becomes clinically manifest. SUMMARY Despite improvements in the diagnostic process, therapeutic strategies made little progress in addition to the consolidation of practices supported by limited evidences. Novel complement inhibitors appear promising in changing this scenario. Nevertheless, collaborative multicenter studies are needed to develop standardized approaches tailored to the highly variable clinical and laboratory features of AMR.
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27
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Rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin for the rescue treatment of chronic antibody-mediated rejection after pediatric kidney transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:2133-2142. [PMID: 28717935 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR) is the leading cause of late kidney graft loss, but current therapies are often ineffective. Rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (rATG) may be helpful, but its use is virtually undocumented. METHODS Data were analyzed retrospectively from nine pediatric kidney transplant patients with cAMR were treated with rATG (1.5 mg/kg × 5 days) at our center after non-response to pulsed prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, and increased immunosuppressive intensity (including switching to belatacept in some cases), with or without bortezomib. RESULTS The median time from diagnosis to cAMR was 179 days. rATG was started 5-741 days after diagnosis. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased from 40 mL/min/1.73 m2 when rATG was started to 62 mL/min/1.73 m2 9 months later (p = 0.039). Four patients showed substantially higher eGFR after 9 months and 2 patients showed a small improvement; eGFR continued to decline in 3 patients after starting rATG. No grafts were lost during follow-up. At last follow-up, donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) were no longer detectable in 4 out of 8 patients for whom data were available, median fluorescence intensity had decreased substantially in 1 out of 8 patients; anti-HLA DQ DSAs persisted in 2 out of 8 patients. No adverse events with a suspected relation to rATG, including allergic reactions, leukocytopenia or infections, were observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS In this small series of patients, rATG appears a promising treatment for unresponsive cAMR. Further evaluation, including earlier introduction of rATG, is warranted.
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28
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The Approach to Antibodies After Heart Transplantation. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2017; 4:243-251. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-017-0162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Sánchez-Trujillo L, Vázquez-Garza E, Castillo EC, García-Rivas G, Torre-Amione G. Role of Adaptive Immunity in the Development and Progression of Heart Failure: New Evidence. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:1-11. [PMID: 28577862 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is considered the endpoint of a variety of cardiac diseases, which are the leading cause of death in adults and considered a growing pandemic worldwide. Independent of the initial form of cardiac injury, there is evidence linking the involvement of the immune system. In HF there is evidence of the participation of TH1, and TH17 cells, which account for sustained pathological chronic inflammation, cell migration, and the induction of specific pathological phenotypes of mononuclear cells. Of equal or even higher relevance are the B lymphocyte activation mechanisms that include production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cardiac autoantibodies with or without activation of the complement proteins. Both of these unbalanced T- and B-cell pathways of the adaptive immune system are associated with cardiomyocyte death and tissue remodeling by fibrosis leading to a dysfunctional heart. At this time, therapy with neutralizing antibodies and the use of anti-cytokine immunomodulators to counteract the immune system effects have reached a plateau of mixed results in clinical trials. Nevertheless, recent evidence showed promising results in animal models that suggest that modulation of the adaptive immune system cells more than some of their effector molecules could have benefits in HF patients. This review summarizes the role of the adaptive immunity cells in HF, considering the sustained activation of adaptive immune system as a potential contributor to disease progression in humans and experimental models where its regulation provides a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sánchez-Trujillo
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México; Hospital General de Zona No. 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vázquez-Garza
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Elena C Castillo
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-García, México.
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-García, México; Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Antibody-mediated rejection in the cardiac allograft: diagnosis, treatment and future considerations. Curr Opin Cardiol 2017; 32:326-335. [PMID: 28212151 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the latest publications dealing with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and defines areas of controversy and future steps that may improve the outcome for patients with this virulent form of rejection. RECENT FINDINGS Recent progress includes publication of standardized pathologic criteria for acute AMR by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) and guidelines for treatment of acute AMR by the American Heart Association, endorsed by ISHLT as well. Recently published review articles emphasize the important role of innate immune mechanisms, clarify the role of viral infection and provide insights into vascular biology and the role of innate effector populations, macrophages and dendritic cells. SUMMARY Strategies for future studies are discussed in the context of these new findings and similar efforts undertaken by renal and liver allograft investigators.
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Schwartz J, Padmanabhan A, Aqui N, Balogun RA, Connelly-Smith L, Delaney M, Dunbar NM, Witt V, Wu Y, Shaz BH. Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Seventh Special Issue. J Clin Apher 2017; 31:149-62. [PMID: 27322218 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Journal of Clinical Apheresis (JCA) Special Issue Writing Committee is charged with reviewing, updating, and categorizing indications for the evidence-based use of therapeutic apheresis in human disease. Since the 2007 JCA Special Issue (Fourth Edition), the Committee has incorporated systematic review and evidence-based approaches in the grading and categorization of apheresis indications. This Seventh Edition of the JCA Special Issue continues to maintain this methodology and rigor to make recommendations on the use of apheresis in a wide variety of diseases/conditions. The JCA Seventh Edition, like its predecessor, has consistently applied the category and grading system definitions in the fact sheets. The general layout and concept of a fact sheet that was used since the fourth edition has largely been maintained in this edition. Each fact sheet succinctly summarizes the evidence for the use of therapeutic apheresis in a specific disease entity. The Seventh Edition discusses 87 fact sheets (14 new fact sheets since the Sixth Edition) for therapeutic apheresis diseases and medical conditions, with 179 indications, which are separately graded and categorized within the listed fact sheets. Several diseases that are Category IV which have been described in detail in previous editions and do not have significant new evidence since the last publication are summarized in a separate table. The Seventh Edition of the JCA Special Issue serves as a key resource that guides the utilization of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of human disease. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:149-162, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anand Padmanabhan
- Blood Center of Wisconsin, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nicole Aqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rasheed A Balogun
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Laura Connelly-Smith
- Department of Medicine, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Meghan Delaney
- Bloodworks Northwest, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nancy M Dunbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Volker Witt
- Department for Pediatrics, St. Anna Kinderspital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yanyun Wu
- Bloodworks Northwest, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Beth H Shaz
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,New York Blood Center, Department of Pathology.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Loupy A, Duong Van Huyen JP, Hidalgo L, Reeve J, Racapé M, Aubert O, Venner JM, Falmuski K, Bories MC, Beuscart T, Guillemain R, François A, Pattier S, Toquet C, Gay A, Rouvier P, Varnous S, Leprince P, Empana JP, Lefaucheur C, Bruneval P, Jouven X, Halloran PF. Gene Expression Profiling for the Identification and Classification of Antibody-Mediated Heart Rejection. Circulation 2017; 135:917-935. [PMID: 28148598 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) contributes to heart allograft loss. However, an important knowledge gap remains in terms of the pathophysiology of AMR and how detection of immune activity, injury degree, and stage could be improved by intragraft gene expression profiling. METHODS We prospectively monitored 617 heart transplant recipients referred from 4 French transplant centers (January 1, 2006-January 1, 2011) for AMR. We compared patients with AMR (n=55) with a matched control group of 55 patients without AMR. We characterized all patients using histopathology (ISHLT [International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation] 2013 grades), immunostaining, and circulating anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies at the time of biopsy, together with systematic gene expression assessments of the allograft tissue, using microarrays. Effector cells were evaluated with in vitro human cell cultures. We studied a validation cohort of 98 heart recipients transplanted in Edmonton, AB, Canada, including 27 cases of AMR and 71 controls. RESULTS A total of 240 heart transplant endomyocardial biopsies were assessed. AMR showed a distinct pattern of injury characterized by endothelial activation with microcirculatory inflammation by monocytes/macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. We also observed selective changes in endothelial/angiogenesis and NK cell transcripts, including CD16A signaling and interferon-γ-inducible genes. The AMR-selective gene sets accurately discriminated patients with AMR from those without and included NK transcripts (area under the curve=0.87), endothelial activation transcripts (area under the curve=0.80), macrophage transcripts (area under the curve=0.86), and interferon-γ transcripts (area under the curve=0.84; P<0.0001 for all comparisons). These 4 gene sets showed increased expression with increasing pathological AMR (pAMR) International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade (P<0.001) and association with donor-specific antibody levels. The unsupervised principal components analysis demonstrated a high proportion of molecularly inactive pAMR1(I+), and there was significant molecular overlap between pAMR1(H+) and full-blown pAMR2/3 cases. Endothelial activation transcripts, interferon-γ, and NK transcripts showed association with chronic allograft vasculopathy. The molecular architecture and selective AMR transcripts, together with gene set discrimination capacity for AMR identified in the discovery set, were reproduced in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Tissue-based measurements of specific pathogenesis-based transcripts reflecting NK burden, endothelial activation, macrophage burden, and interferon-γ effects accurately classify AMR and correlate with degree of injury and disease activity. This study illustrates the clinical potential of a tissue-based analysis of gene transcripts to refine diagnosis of heart transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Loupy
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - Jean Paul Duong Van Huyen
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Luis Hidalgo
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jeff Reeve
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Maud Racapé
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Aubert
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jeffery M Venner
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Konrad Falmuski
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Cécile Bories
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Thibaut Beuscart
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Guillemain
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud François
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Sabine Pattier
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Claire Toquet
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Gay
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Rouvier
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Shaida Varnous
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Pascal Leprince
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jean Philippe Empana
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Carmen Lefaucheur
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Philip F Halloran
- From Paris Descartes University and Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., M.R.); Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, INSERM, UMR-S970, France (A.L., J.P.D.V.H., O.A., T.B., J.P.E., C.L., P.B., X.J.); Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France (J.P.D.V.H.); Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (L.H., J.R., J.M.V., K.F., P.F.H.); Cardiology Department and Intensive Care (M.C.B.), Cardiology and Heart Transplant Department (R.G., X.J.), and Pathology Department (P.B.), Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology (P.R.) and Cardiac Surgery Departments (S.V., P.L.), La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris; Pathology (C.T.) and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (S.P), Laennec Hospital, Nantes; Pathology (A.F.) and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments (A.G), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
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Bruneval P, Angelini A, Miller D, Potena L, Loupy A, Zeevi A, Reed EF, Dragun D, Reinsmoen N, Smith RN, West L, Tebutt S, Thum T, Haas M, Mengel M, Revelo P, Fedrigo M, Duong Van Huyen JP, Berry GJ. The XIIIth Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology: The Banff 2015 Heart Meeting Report: Improving Antibody-Mediated Rejection Diagnostics: Strengths, Unmet Needs, and Future Directions. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:42-53. [PMID: 27862968 PMCID: PMC5363364 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The 13th Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from October 5 to 10, 2015. The cardiac session was devoted to current diagnostic issues in heart transplantation with a focus on antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and small vessel arteriopathy. Specific topics included the strengths and limitations of the current rejection grading system, the central role of microvascular injury in AMR and approaches to semiquantitative assessment of histopathologic and immunophenotypic indicators, the role of AMR in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the important role of serologic antibody detection in the management of transplant recipients, and the potential application of new molecular approaches to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of AMR and potential for improving the current diagnostic system. Herein we summarize the key points from the presentations, the comprehensive, open and wide-ranging multidisciplinary discussion that was generated, and considerations for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bruneval
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation & Department of PathologyHôpital Européen Georges PompidouUniversité Paris Descartes MédecineParisFrance
| | - A. Angelini
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular SciencesUniversity of Padua Medical SchoolPaduaItaly
| | - D. Miller
- Intermountain Medical CenterUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - L. Potena
- Heart and Lung Transplant ProgramUniversity of BolognaAcademic Hospital SOrsola‐MalpighiItaly
| | - A. Loupy
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation INSERM U970Necker Hospital University Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - A. Zeevi
- University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
| | - E. F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - D. Dragun
- Berlin Institute of Health and Department of Nephrology and Critical Care MedicineCharité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | | | - R. N. Smith
- Pathology DepartmentMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - L. West
- Alberta Transplant Institute and University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - S. Tebutt
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationSt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - T. Thum
- IFB, Molecular and Translational Therapeutic StrategiesHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - M. Haas
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - M. Mengel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - P. Revelo
- Intermountain Medical CenterUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - M. Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular SciencesUniversity of Padua Medical SchoolPaduaItaly
| | - J. P. Duong Van Huyen
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation INSERM U970Necker Hospital University Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - G. J. Berry
- Department of PathologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA
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34
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Huibers MMH, Gareau AJ, Beerthuijzen JMT, Siera-de Koning E, van Kuik J, Kamburova EG, Vink A, de Jonge N, Lee TDG, Otten HG, de Weger RA. Donor-Specific Antibodies Are Produced Locally in Ectopic Lymphoid Structures in Cardiac Allografts. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:246-254. [PMID: 27428759 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a transplant pathology, limiting graft survival after heart transplantation. CAV arteries are surrounded by ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) containing B cells and plasma cells. The aim of this study was to characterize the antigenic targets of antibodies produced in ELS. Coronary arteries and surrounding epicardial tissue from 56 transplant recipients were collected during autopsy. Immunofluorescence was used to identify antibody-producing plasma cells. Immunoglobulin levels in tissue lysates were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed for donor-specific HLA antibodies by Luminex assay. Cytokine and receptor expression levels were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasma cells in ELS were polyclonal and produced IgG and/or IgM antibodies. In epicardial tissue, IgG (p < 0.05) and IgM levels were higher in transplant patients with larger ELS than smaller ELS. In 4 of 21 (19%) patients with ELS, donor-specific HLA type II antibodies were detected locally. Cytokine and receptor expression (CXCR3, interferon γ and TGF-β) was higher in large ELS in the epicardial tissue than in other vessel wall layers, suggesting active recruitment and proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. ELS exhibited active plasma cells producing locally manufactured antibodies that, in some cases, were directed against the donor HLA, potentially mediating rejection with major consequences for the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M H Huibers
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A J Gareau
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - J M T Beerthuijzen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E Siera-de Koning
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J van Kuik
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E G Kamburova
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - N de Jonge
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T D G Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - H G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R A de Weger
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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35
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Thrush PT, Pahl E, Naftel DC, Pruitt E, Everitt MD, Missler H, Zangwill S, Burch M, Hoffman TM, Butts R, Mahle WT. A multi-institutional evaluation of antibody-mediated rejection utilizing the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study database: Incidence, therapies and outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:1497-1504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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36
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Safety and Efficacy of Immunoadsorption in Heart Transplantation Program. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:2792-2796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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37
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Heart failure therapies: new strategies for old treatments and new treatments for old strategies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:503-511. [PMID: 27619734 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure, whether acute or chronic, remains a major health care crisis affecting almost 6 million Americans and over 23 million people worldwide. Roughly half of those affected will die within 5 years, and the annual cost exceeds $30 billion in the US alone. Although medical therapy has made some modest inroads in partially stemming the heart failure tsunami, there remains a significant population for whom medication is unsuccessful or has ceased being effective; such patients can benefit from heart transplantation or mechanical circulatory support. Indeed, in the past quarter century (and as covered in Cardiovascular Pathology over those years), significant improvements in pathologic understanding and in engineering design have materially enhanced the toolkit of options for such refractory patients. Mechanical devices, whether total artificial hearts or ventricular assist devices, have been reengineered to reduce complications and basic wear and tear. Transplant survival has also been extended through a better comprehension of and improved therapies for transplant vasculopathy and antibody-mediated rejection. Here we review the ideas and treatments from the last 25 years and highlight some of the new directions in nonpharmacologic heart failure therapy.
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Gewarges M, Poole J, De Luca E, Shildrick M, Abbey S, Mauthner O, Ross H. Canadian Society of Transplantation Members' Views on Anonymity in Organ Donation and Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:2799-804. [PMID: 26707291 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anonymity has been central to medical, psychosocial, and societal practices in organ donation and transplantation. The purpose of this investigation was to explore transplant professionals' views on anonymity in the context of organ transplantation. METHODS The study consisted of an electronic 18-item survey distributed to the Canadian Society of Transplantation membership, asking about anonymity vs open communication/contact between organ recipients and donor families. RESULTS Of the 541 members surveyed, 106 replied. Among respondents, 71% felt that organ recipients and donor families should only communicate anonymously, yet 47% felt that identifying information could be included in correspondence between consenting recipients and donor families. When asked whether organ recipients and donor families should be allowed to meet, 53% of respondents agreed, 27% disagreed, and 20% neither agreed nor disagreed. With social media facilitating communication and eliminating the ability to maintain donor/recipient anonymity, 38% of respondents felt that a reexamination of current policies and practices pertaining to anonymity was necessary. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there was no dominant position on the issue of anonymity/communication between donor families and transplant recipients. Further research and discussion concerning the views of healthcare professionals, organ recipients, and donor families on the mandate of anonymity is needed and may influence future policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gewarges
- Division of Cardiology and Transplantation, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Poole
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E De Luca
- Division of Cardiology and Transplantation, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Shildrick
- Tema Genus, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Abbey
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Mauthner
- Division of Cardiology and Transplantation, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Ross
- Division of Cardiology and Transplantation, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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39
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Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. J Clin Apher 2016; 31:163-202. [PMID: 27322219 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Tan C, Halushka M, Rodriguez E. Pathology of Cardiac Transplantation. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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41
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Gazdic T, Svobodova E, Kubanek M, Kment M, Pagacova L, Viklicky O, Malek I, Kautzner J. Bortezomib-containing regimen for primary treatment of early antibody-mediated cardiac allograft rejection: a case report. Prog Transplant 2015; 25:147-52. [PMID: 26107275 DOI: 10.7182/pit2015934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence regarding the use of bortezomib-containing schemes in primary treatment of antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplant recipients is scarce. This case report presents the clinical experience with upstream use of bortezomib in primary treatment of early antibody-mediated rejection in an adult heart transplant recipient. Two cycles of bortezomib together with methylprednisolone, immunoadsorption, rituximab, and supplementary doses of intravenous immunoglobulin G reversed signs of heart failure, production of donor-specific antibodies, and findings of antibody-mediated rejection in biopsy. This treatment regimen was tolerated with only mild hematologic toxicity and proved to be successful during a 12-month follow-up. Primary treatment with a bortezomib-containing regimen appears to be a new therapeutic option for severe antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplant recipients. However, the efficacy and safety of this treatment need to be tested in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gazdic
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Svobodova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Kubanek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kment
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Pagacova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Malek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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42
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Antibody-mediated rejection is associated with impaired graft function in pediatric heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:1120-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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43
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Coutance G, Ouldamar S, Rouvier P, Saheb S, Suberbielle C, Bréchot N, Hariri S, Lebreton G, Leprince P, Varnous S. Late antibody-mediated rejection after heart transplantation: Mortality, graft function, and fulminant cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:1050-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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44
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Welsh KJ, Bai Y. Therapeutic plasma exchange as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of IVIG complications. J Clin Apher 2015; 30:371-4. [PMID: 26123478 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used for the treatment of a number of inflammatory conditions. Hemolysis due to passive transfer of blood group antibodies is a well recognized complication of IVIG therapy. Therapy is largely supportive and consists of blood product support and hemodialysis. We report the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) as adjunct therapy for three patients with complications attributed to IVIG. Two patients had hemolysis attributed to IVIG; one patient was blood group A and the other blood group O. The third patient was an orthotopic heart transplant recipient with a type A donor heart, and anti-A antibodies detected after infusion of IVIG for suspected antibody mediated rejection. Two patients had anti-A titers available that decreased after initiation of plasma exchange. The blood group O patient with hemolysis had a gradual stabilization of hemoglobin and resolution of the positive DAT. TPE may be useful therapy for patients with severe hemolysis caused by IVIG or at risk for tissue damage by blood group antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Welsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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45
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Colvin MM, Cook JL, Chang P, Francis G, Hsu DT, Kiernan MS, Kobashigawa JA, Lindenfeld J, Masri SC, Miller D, O'Connell J, Rodriguez ER, Rosengard B, Self S, White-Williams C, Zeevi A. Antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplantation: emerging knowledge in diagnosis and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 131:1608-39. [PMID: 25838326 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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46
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Luk A, Alba AC, Butany J, Tinckam K, Delgado D, Ross HJ. C4d immunostaining is an independent predictor of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and death in heart transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2015; 28:857-63. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luk
- Division of Cardiology; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ana Carolina Alba
- Division of Cardiology; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jagdish Butany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Kathryn Tinckam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Nephrology; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Diego Delgado
- Division of Cardiology; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Heather J. Ross
- Division of Cardiology; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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47
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Khuu T, Cadeiras M, Wisniewski N, Reed EF, Deng MC. Reduced HLA Class II antibody response to proteasome inhibition in heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:863-5. [PMID: 25816969 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elaine F Reed
- UCLA Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Immunogenetics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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48
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Mariotte É. Échanges plasmatiques : indications en réanimation. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-015-1029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Davis MK, Hunt SA. State of the art: Cardiac transplantation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 24:341-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Kilic A, Emani S, Sai-Sudhakar CB, Higgins RSD, Whitson BA. Donor selection in heart transplantation. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1097-104. [PMID: 25132976 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increased scrutiny on the quality in health care with particular emphasis on institutional heart transplant survival outcomes. An important aspect of successful transplantation is appropriate donor selection. We review the current guidelines as well as areas of controversy in the selection of appropriate hearts as donor organs to ensure optimal outcomes. This decision is paramount to the success of a transplant program as well as recipient survival and graft function post-transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kilic
- 1 The Department of Surgery, 2 The Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sitaramesh Emani
- 1 The Department of Surgery, 2 The Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chittoor B Sai-Sudhakar
- 1 The Department of Surgery, 2 The Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert S D Higgins
- 1 The Department of Surgery, 2 The Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- 1 The Department of Surgery, 2 The Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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