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Shah P, Agbor-Enoh S, Lee S, Andargie TE, Sinha SS, Kong H, Henry L, Park W, McNair E, Tchoukina I, Shah KB, Najjar SS, Hsu S, Rodrigo ME, Jang MK, Marboe C, Berry GJ, Valantine HA. Racial Differences in Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA and Mitochondrial DNA After Heart Transplantation, on Behalf of the GRAfT Investigators. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e011160. [PMID: 38375637 PMCID: PMC11021168 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.011160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black heart transplant patients are at higher risk of acute rejection (AR) and death than White patients. We hypothesized that this risk may be associated with higher levels of donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) and cell-free mitochondrial DNA. METHODS The Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation is a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Sequencing was used to quantitate dd-cfDNA and polymerase chain reaction to quantitate cell-free mitochondrial DNA in plasma. AR was defined as ≥2R cellular rejection or ≥1 antibody-mediated rejection. The primary composite outcome was AR, graft dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <50% and decrease by ≥10%), or death. RESULTS We included 148 patients (65 Black patients and 83 White patients), median age was 56 years and 30% female sex. The incidence of AR was higher in Black patients compared with White patients (43% versus 19%; P=0.002). Antibody-mediated rejection occurred predominantly in Black patients with a prevalence of 20% versus 2% (P<0.001). After transplant, Black patients had higher levels of dd-cfDNA, 0.09% (interquartile range, 0.001-0.30) compared with White patients, 0.05% (interquartile range, 0.001-0.23; P=0.003). Beyond 6 months, Black patients showed a persistent rise in dd-cfDNA with higher levels compared with White patients. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA was higher in Black patients (185 788 copies/mL; interquartile range, 101 252-422 133) compared with White patients (133 841 copies/mL; interquartile range, 75 346-337 990; P<0.001). The primary composite outcome occurred in 43% and 55% of Black patients at 1 and 2 years, compared with 23% and 27% in White patients, P<0.001. In a multivariable model, Black patient race (hazard ratio, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.35-5.04]; P=0.004) and %dd-cfDNA (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.03-1.28]; P=0.010) were associated with the primary composite outcome. CONCLUSIONS Elevated dd-cfDNA and cell-free mitochondrial DNA after heart transplant may mechanistically be implicated in the higher incidence of AR and worse clinical outcomes in Black transplant recipients. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02423070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support & Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church VA
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD
- Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Seiyon Lee
- Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax VA
| | - Temesgen E. Andargie
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Shashank S. Sinha
- Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support & Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church VA
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Lawrence Henry
- Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support & Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church VA
| | - Woojin Park
- Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Erick McNair
- Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support & Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church VA
| | - Inna Tchoukina
- The Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Keyur B. Shah
- The Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Samer S. Najjar
- Advanced Heart Failure Program, Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC
| | - Steven Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD
| | - Maria E. Rodrigo
- Advanced Heart Failure Program, Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Charles Marboe
- Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian University Hospital of Cornell and Columbia, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hannah A. Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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Keller MB, Tian X, Jang MK, Meda R, Charya A, Ozisik D, Berry GJ, Marboe CC, Kong H, Ponor IL, Aryal S, Orens JB, Shah PD, Nathan SD, Agbor-Enoh S. Organizing pneumonia is associated with molecular allograft injury and the development of antibody-mediated rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:563-570. [PMID: 37972825 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between organizing pneumonia (OP) after lung transplantation with the development of acute rejection (AR) remains undefined. In addition, molecular allograft injury, as measured by donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA), during episodes of OP and its relationship to episodes of AR, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), or death is unknown. METHODS This multicenter, prospective cohort study collected serial plasma samples from 188 lung transplant recipients for dd-cfDNA at the time of bronchoscopy with biopsy. Multivariable Cox regression was used to analyze the association between OP with the development of AR (antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and acute cellular rejection (ACR)), CLAD, and death. Multivariable models were performed to test the association of dd-cfDNA at OP with the risk of AR, CLAD, or death. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, OP was associated with increased risk of AMR (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-4.92, p = 0.040) but not ACR (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.66-2.5, p = 0.45) or the composite outcome of CLAD or death (HR = 0.88, 95% CI, 0.47-1.65, p = 0.69). Median levels of dd-cfDNA were higher in OP compared to stable controls (1.33% vs 0.43%, p = 0.0006). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that levels of dd-cfDNA at diagnosis of OP were associated with increased risk of both AMR (HR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.03-1.62, p = 0.030) and death (HR = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.02-1.31, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS OP is independently associated with an increased risk of AMR but not CLAD or death. The degree of molecular allograft injury at the diagnosis of OP may further predict the risk of AMR and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Keller
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rohan Meda
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ananth Charya
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deniz Ozisik
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Charles C Marboe
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ileana L Ponor
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shambhu Aryal
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Jonathan B Orens
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pali D Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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3
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Balasubramanian S, Richert ME, Kong H, Fu S, Jang MK, Andargie TE, Keller MB, Alnababteh M, Park W, Apalara Z, Sun J, Redekar N, Orens J, Aryal S, Bush EL, Cantu E, Diamond J, Shah P, Yu K, Nathan SD, Agbor-Enoh S. Cell-Free DNA Maps Tissue Injury and Correlates with Disease Severity in Lung Transplant Candidates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:727-737. [PMID: 38117233 PMCID: PMC10945061 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-1064oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Plasma cell-free DNA levels correlate with disease severity in many conditions. Pretransplant cell-free DNA may risk stratify lung transplant candidates for post-transplant complications. Objectives: To evaluate if pretransplant cell-free DNA levels and tissue sources identify patients at high risk of primary graft dysfunction and other pre- and post-transplant outcomes. Methods: This multicenter, prospective cohort study recruited 186 lung transplant candidates. Pretransplant plasma samples were collected to measure cell-free DNA. Bisulfite sequencing was performed to identify the tissue sources of cell-free DNA. Multivariable regression models determined the association between cell-free DNA levels and the primary outcome of primary graft dysfunction and other transplant outcomes, including Lung Allocation Score, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, and death. Measurements and Main Results: Transplant candidates had twofold greater cell-free DNA levels than healthy control patients (median [interquartile range], 23.7 ng/ml [15.1-35.6] vs. 12.9 ng/ml [9.9-18.4]; P < 0.0001), primarily originating from inflammatory innate immune cells. Cell-free DNA levels and tissue sources differed by native lung disease category and correlated with the Lung Allocation Score (P < 0.001). High pretransplant cell-free DNA increased the risk of primary graft dysfunction (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.46; P = 0.0220), and death (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.07-1.92; P = 0.0171) but not chronic lung allograft dysfunction (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.97-1.94; P = 0.0767). Conclusions: Lung transplant candidates demonstrate a heightened degree of tissue injury with elevated cell-free DNA, primarily originating from innate immune cells. Pretransplant plasma cell-free DNA levels predict post-transplant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Balasubramanian
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary E. Richert
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheng Fu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Temesgen E. Andargie
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michael B. Keller
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Muhtadi Alnababteh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Woojin Park
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zainab Apalara
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Integrated Data Science Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jian Sun
- Integrated Data Science Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neelam Redekar
- Integrated Data Science Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan Orens
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shambhu Aryal
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Errol L. Bush
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Edward Cantu
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua Diamond
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pali Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven D. Nathan
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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4
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Keller MB, Tian X, Jang MK, Meda R, Charya A, Berry GJ, Marboe CC, Kong H, Ponor IL, Aryal S, Orens JB, Shah P, Nathan SD, Agbor-Enoh S. Higher Molecular Injury at Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection Increases the Risk of Lung Allograft Failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38190701 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202305-0798oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The association of acute cellular rejection (ACR) with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in lung transplant recipients has primarily been described prior to consensus recommendations incorporating restrictive phenotypes. Further, the association of the degree of molecular allograft injury during ACR with CLAD or death remains undefined. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of ACR with the risk of CLAD or death. To further investigate if this risk depends on the degree of molecular allograft injury. METHODS This multicenter, prospective cohort study included 188 lung transplant recipients. Subjects underwent serial plasma collections for donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) at prespecified time points and bronchoscopy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis analyzed the association of ACR with subsequent CLAD or death as well as the association of dd-cfDNA during ACR with risk of CLAD or death. Additional outcomes analyses were performed with episodes of ACR categorized as "high risk" (dd-cfDNA≥1%) and "low risk" (dd-cfDNA<1%). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In multivariable analysis, ACR was associated with the composite outcome of CLAD or death (HR=2.07, 95% CI, 1.05-4.10, p=0.036). Elevated dd-cfDNA ≥1% at ACR diagnosis was independently associated with increased risk of CLAD or death (HR 3.32, 95% CI: 1.31 - 8.40, p=0.012). Patients with high risk ACR were at increased risk of CLAD or death (HR 3.13, 95% CI: 1.41 - 6.93, p=0.005) while patients with low-risk status ACR were not. CONCLUSION Patients with ACR are at higher risk of CLAD or death, however, this may depend on the degree of underlying allograft injury on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Keller
- National Institutes of Health, 2511, Critical Care Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Xin Tian
- National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, Office of Biostatistics Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transportation (GRAfT), Bethesda, United States
- National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, Laboratory of Transplantation Genomics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rohan Meda
- National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ananth Charya
- National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, Laboratory of Transplantation Genomics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- University of Maryland Medical Center, 21668, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Stanford University, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Charles C Marboe
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, 25065, Pathology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Hyesik Kong
- National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, Laboratory of Transplantation Genomics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ileana L Ponor
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 23238, Division of Hospital Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shambhu Aryal
- Inova Fairfax Hospital, 23146, Falls Church, Virginia, United States
| | - Jonathan B Orens
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pulmonary/Respiratory, Baltimore,, Maryland, United States
| | - Pali Shah
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pulmonary/Respiratory, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Inova Fairfax Hospital, 23146, Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Falls Church, Virginia, United States
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, Laboratory of Transplantation Genomics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;
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5
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Jang MK, Markowitz TE, Andargie TE, Apalara Z, Kuhn S, Agbor-Enoh S. Cell-free chromatin immunoprecipitation to detect molecular pathways in heart transplantation. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302003. [PMID: 37730434 PMCID: PMC10511822 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing monitoring approaches in heart transplantation lack the sensitivity to provide deep molecular assessments to guide management, or require endomyocardial biopsy, an invasive and blind procedure that lacks the precision to reliably obtain biopsy samples from diseased sites. This study examined plasma cell-free DNA chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (cfChIP-seq) as a noninvasive proxy to define molecular gene sets and sources of tissue injury in heart transplant patients. In healthy controls and in heart transplant patients, cfChIP-seq reliably detected housekeeping genes. cfChIP-seq identified differential gene signals of relevant immune and nonimmune molecular pathways that were predominantly down-regulated in immunosuppressed heart transplant patients compared with healthy controls. cfChIP-seq also identified cell-free DNA tissue sources. Compared with healthy controls, heart transplant patients demonstrated greater cell-free DNA from tissue types associated with heart transplant complications, including the heart, hematopoietic cells, lungs, liver, and vascular endothelium. cfChIP-seq may therefore be a reliable approach to profile dynamic assessments of molecular pathways and sources of tissue injury in heart transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyoo Jang
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tovah E Markowitz
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Integrated Data Sciences Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Temesgen E Andargie
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zainab Apalara
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Skyler Kuhn
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Integrated Data Sciences Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Pang Y, Andargie TE, Jang MK, Kong H, Park W, Hill T, Redekar N, Fu YP, Parth DA, Holtzman NG, Pavletic SZ, Agbor-Enoh S. Chronic graft-versus-host disease is characterized by high levels and distinctive tissue-of-origin patterns of cell-free DNA. iScience 2023; 26:108160. [PMID: 38026221 PMCID: PMC10651673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is a devastating complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Effective early detection may improve the outcome of cGvHD. The potential utility of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a sensitive marker for tissue injury, in HSCT and cGvHD remains to be established. Here, cfDNA of prospectively collected plasma samples from HSCT recipients (including both cGvHD and non-cGvHD) and healthy control (HC) subjects were evaluated. Deconvolution methods utilizing tissue-specific DNA methylation signatures were used to determine cfDNA tissue-of-origin. cfDNA levels were significantly higher in HSCT recipients than HC and significantly higher in cGvHD than non-cGvHD. cGvHD was characterized by a high level of cfDNA from innate immune cells, heart, and liver. Non-hematologic tissue-derived cfDNA was significantly higher in cGvHD than non-cGvHD. cfDNA temporal dynamics and tissue-of-origin composition have distinctive features in patients with cGvHD, supporting further exploration of the utility of cfDNA in the study of cGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Pang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Temesgen E. Andargie
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Woojin Park
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Hill
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neelam Redekar
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Desai A. Parth
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Noa G. Holtzman
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven Z. Pavletic
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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7
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Bazemore K, Permpalung N, Mathew J, Lemma M, Haile B, Avery R, Kong H, Jang MK, Andargie T, Gopinath S, Nathan SD, Aryal S, Orens J, Valantine H, Agbor-Enoh S, Shah P. Elevated cell-free DNA in respiratory viral infection and associated lung allograft dysfunction. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2560-2570. [PMID: 35729715 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infection (RVI) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) is a risk for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). We hypothesize that donor-derived cell-free DNA (%ddcfDNA), at the time of RVI predicts CLAD progression. We followed 39 LTRs with RVI enrolled in the Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation for 1 year. Plasma %ddcfDNA was measured by shotgun sequencing, with high %ddcfDNA as ≥1% within 7 days of RVI. We examined %ddcfDNA, spirometry, and a composite (progression/failure) of CLAD stage progression, re-transplant, and death from respiratory failure. Fifty-nine RVI episodes, 38 low and 21 high %ddcfDNA were analyzed. High %ddcfDNA subjects had a greater median %FEV1 decline at RVI (-13.83 vs. -1.83, p = .007), day 90 (-7.97 vs. 0.91, p = .04), and 365 (-20.05 vs. 1.09, p = .047), compared to those with low %ddcfDNA and experienced greater progression/failure within 365 days (52.4% vs. 21.6%, p = .01). Elevated %ddcfDNA at RVI was associated with an increased risk of progression/failure adjusting for symptoms and days post-transplant (HR = 1.11, p = .04). No difference in %FEV1 decline was seen at any time point when RVIs were grouped by histopathology result at RVI. %ddcfDNA delineates LTRs with RVI who will recover lung function and who will experience sustained decline, a utility not seen with histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Bazemore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nitipong Permpalung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joby Mathew
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Merte Lemma
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia
| | | | - Robin Avery
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Temesgen Andargie
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shilpa Gopinath
- Division of Transplant Oncology Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia.,Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shambhu Aryal
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Jonathan Orens
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hannah Valantine
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland
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8
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Brusca SB, Elinoff JM, Zou Y, Jang MK, Kong H, Demirkale CY, Sun J, Seifuddin F, Pirooznia M, Valantine HA, Tanba C, Chaturvedi A, Graninger GM, Harper B, Chen LY, Cole J, Kanwar M, Benza RL, Preston IR, Agbor-Enoh S, Solomon MA. Plasma Cell-Free DNA Predicts Survival and Maps Specific Sources of Injury in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2022; 146:1033-1045. [PMID: 36004627 PMCID: PMC9529801 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a noninvasive marker of cellular injury. Its significance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. METHODS Plasma cfDNA was measured in 2 PAH cohorts (A, n=48; B, n=161) and controls (n=48). Data were collected for REVEAL 2.0 (Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management) scores and outcome determinations. Patients were divided into the following REVEAL risk groups: low (≤6), medium (7-8), and high (≥9). Total cfDNA concentrations were compared among controls and PAH risk groups by 1-way analysis of variance. Log-rank tests compared survival between cfDNA tertiles and REVEAL risk groups. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were estimated from logistic regression models. A sample subset from cohort B (n=96) and controls (n=16) underwent bisulfite sequencing followed by a deconvolution algorithm to map cell-specific cfDNA methylation patterns, with concentrations compared using t tests. RESULTS In cohort A, median (interquartile range) age was 62 years (47-71), with 75% female, and median (interquartile range) REVEAL 2.0 was 6 (4-9). In cohort B, median (interquartile range) age was 59 years (49-71), with 69% female, and median (interquartile range) REVEAL 2.0 was 7 (6-9). In both cohorts, cfDNA concentrations differed among patients with PAH of varying REVEAL risk and controls (analysis of variance P≤0.002) and were greater in the high-risk compared with the low-risk category (P≤0.002). In cohort B, death or lung transplant occurred in 14 of 54, 23 of 53, and 35 of 54 patients in the lowest, middle, and highest cfDNA tertiles, respectively. cfDNA levels stratified as tertiles (log-rank: P=0.0001) and REVEAL risk groups (log-rank: P<0.0001) each predicted transplant-free survival. The addition of cfDNA to REVEAL improved discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.72-0.78; P=0.02). Compared with controls, methylation analysis in patients with PAH revealed increased cfDNA originating from erythrocyte progenitors, neutrophils, monocytes, adipocytes, natural killer cells, vascular endothelium, and cardiac myocytes (Bonferroni adjusted P<0.05). cfDNA concentrations derived from erythrocyte progenitor cells, cardiac myocytes, and vascular endothelium were greater in patients with PAH with high-risk versus low-risk REVEAL scores (P≤0.02). CONCLUSIONS Circulating cfDNA is elevated in patients with PAH, correlates with disease severity, and predicts worse survival. Results from cfDNA methylation analyses in patients with PAH are consistent with prevailing paradigms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Brusca
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jason M Elinoff
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yvette Zou
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
| | - Cumhur Y Demirkale
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hannah A Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Carl Tanba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Grace M Graninger
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bonnie Harper
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Li-Yuan Chen
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Justine Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Manreet Kanwar
- Cardiovascular Institute at Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Raymond L Benza
- Departent of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ioana R Preston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael A Solomon
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Section of the Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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9
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Keller MB, Meda R, Fu S, Yu K, Jang MK, Charya A, Berry GJ, Marboe CC, Kong H, Luikart H, Ponor IL, Shah PD, Khush KK, Nathan SD, Agbor‐Enoh S. Comparison of donor-derived cell-free DNA between single versus double lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2451-2457. [PMID: 35322546 PMCID: PMC9508279 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is a sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis of acute rejection in lung transplant recipients; however, differences in dd-cfDNA levels between single and double lung transplant remains unknown. We performed an observational analysis that included 221 patients from two prospective cohort studies who had serial measurements of plasma dd-cfDNA at the time of bronchoscopy and pulmonary function testing, and compared dd-cfDNA between single and double lung transplant recipients across a range of disease states. Levels of dd-cfDNA were lower for single vs. double lung transplant in stable controls (median [IQR]: 0.15% [0.07, 0.44] vs. 0.46% [0.23, 0.74], p < .01) and acute rejection (1.06% [0.75, 2.32] vs. 1.78% [1.18, 5.73], p = .05). Doubling dd-cfDNA for single lung transplant to account for differences in lung mass eliminated this difference. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for the detection of acute rejection was 0.89 and 0.86 for single and double lung transplant, respectively. The optimal dd-cfDNA threshold for the detection of acute rejection was 0.54% in single lung and 1.1% in double lung transplant. In conclusion, accounting for differences in dd-cfDNA in single versus double lung transplant is key for the interpretation of dd-cfDNA testing in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Keller
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT)BethesdaMarylandUSA,Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO)National Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rohan Meda
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO)National Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Sheng Fu
- National Cancer InstituteRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Kai Yu
- National Cancer InstituteRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT)BethesdaMarylandUSA,Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO)National Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ananth Charya
- University of Maryland Medical CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Gerald J. Berry
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT)BethesdaMarylandUSA,Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT)BethesdaMarylandUSA,Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT)BethesdaMarylandUSA,Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO)National Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Helen Luikart
- Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ileana L. Ponor
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins Bayview Medical CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Pali D. Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT)BethesdaMarylandUSA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kiran K. Khush
- Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven D. Nathan
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT)BethesdaMarylandUSA,Inova Fairfax HospitalFairfaxVAUSA
| | - Sean Agbor‐Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT)BethesdaMarylandUSA,Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics (APO)National Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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10
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Shah P, Agbor-Enoh S, Bagchi P, deFilippi CR, Mercado A, Diao G, Morales DJ, Shah KB, Najjar SS, Feller E, Hsu S, Rodrigo ME, Lewsey SC, Jang MK, Marboe C, Berry GJ, Khush KK, Valantine HA. Circulating microRNAs in cellular and antibody-mediated heart transplant rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1401-1413. [PMID: 35872109 PMCID: PMC9529890 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive monitoring of heart allograft health is important to improve clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are promising biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and limited studies suggest they can be used to noninvasively diagnose acute heart transplant rejection. METHODS The Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) is a multicenter prospective cohort study that phenotyped heart transplant patients from 5 mid-Atlantic centers. Patients who had no history of rejection after transplant were compared to patients with acute cellular rejection (ACR) or antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Small RNA sequencing was performed on plasma samples collected at the time of an endomyocardial biopsy. Differential miR expression was performed with adjustment for clinical covariates. Regression was used to develop miR panels with high diagnostic accuracy for ACR and AMR. These panels were then validated in independent samples from GRAfT and Stanford University. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and area under the curve (AUC) statistics calculated. Distinct ACR and AMR clinical scores were developed to translate miR expression data for clinical use. RESULTS The GRAfT cohort had a median age of 52 years, with 35% females and 45% Black patients. Between GRAfT and Stanford, we included 157 heart transplant patients: 108 controls and 49 with rejection (50 ACR and 38 AMR episodes). After differential miR expression and regression analysis, we identified 12 miRs that accurately discriminate ACR and 17 miRs in AMR. Independent validation of the miR panels within GRAfT led to an ACR AUC 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-0.98) and AMR AUC 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.90). The externally validated ACR AUC was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59-0.82). We developed distinct ACR and AMR miR clinical scores (range 0-100), a score ≥ 65, identified ACR with 86% sensitivity, 76% specificity, and 98% negative predictive value, for AMR score performance was 82%, 84% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel miRs that had excellent performance to noninvasively diagnose acute rejection after heart transplantation. Once rigorously validated, the unique clinical ACR and AMR scores usher in an era whereby genomic biomarkers can be used to screen and diagnose the subtype of rejection. These novel biomarkers may potentially alleviate the need for an endomyocardial biopsy while facilitating the initiation of targeted therapy based on the noninvasive diagnosis of ACR or AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support & Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia; Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pramita Bagchi
- Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | | | - Angela Mercado
- Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support & Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Gouqing Diao
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Dave Jp Morales
- Heart Failure & Transplantation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Keyur B Shah
- The Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Samer S Najjar
- Advanced Heart Failure Program, Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Erika Feller
- Heart Failure & Transplantation, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria E Rodrigo
- The Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sabra C Lewsey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles Marboe
- Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian University Hospital of Cornell and Columbia, New York, New York, New York
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kiran K Khush
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Hannah A Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, Maryland; Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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11
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Andargie TE, Zhou W, Karaba AH, Li T, Seifuddin F, Rittenhouse AG, Kong H, Singh K, Woodward R, Iacono A, Avery RK, Pirooznia M, Jang MK, Ji H, Cox AL, Agbor-Enoh S. Integrated cell-free DNA and cytokine analysis uncovers distinct tissue injury and immune response patterns in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1262270. [PMID: 35075453 PMCID: PMC8786231 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1262270/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pathogenesis is associated with an exuberant inflammatory response. However, the tissue injury pattern and immune response in solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) taking immunosuppressive therapy have not been well characterized. Here, we perform both cfDNA and cytokine profiling on plasma samples to map tissue damage, including allograft injury and delineate underlying immunopathology. We identified injuries from multiple-tissue types, including hematopoietic cells, vascular endothelium, hepatocyte, adipocyte, pancreas, kidney, heart, and lung in SOTRs with COVID-19 that correlates with disease severity. SOTRs with COVID-19 have higher plasma levels of cytokines such as IFN-λ1, IFN-γ, IL-15, IL-18 IL-1RA, IL-6, MCP-2, and TNF-α as compared to healthy controls, and the levels of GM-CSF, IL-15, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were associated with disease severity in SOTRs. Strikingly, IFN-λ and IP-10 were markedly increased in SOTRs compared to immunocompetent patients with COVID-19. Correlation analyses showed a strong association between monocyte-derived cfDNA and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in SOTRs with COVID-19. Moreover, compared to other respiratory viral infections, COVID-19 induced pronounced injury in hematopoietic, vascular endothelial and endocrine tissues. Allograft injury, measured as donor-derived cfDNA was elevated in SOTRs with COVID-19, including allografts distant from the primary site of infection. Allograft injury correlated with inflammatory cytokines and cfDNA from immune cells. Furthermore, longitudinal analysis identified a gradual decrease of cfDNA and inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with a favorable outcome. Our findings highlight distinct tissue injury and cytokine features in SOTRs with COVID-19 that correlate with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen E. Andargie
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington DC
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew H. Karaba
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Taibo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Alex G. Rittenhouse
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Aldo Iacono
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Robin K Avery
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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12
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Shah P, Agbor-Enoh S, Tunc I, Hsu S, Russell S, Feller E, Shah K, Rodrigo ME, Najjar SS, Kong H, Pirooznia M, Fideli U, Bikineyeva A, Marishta A, Bhatti K, Yang Y, Mutebi C, Yu K, Kyoo Jang M, Marboe C, Berry GJ, Valantine HA. Response by Shah et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Cell-Free DNA to Detect Heart Allograft Acute Rejection". Circulation 2021; 144:e198-e199. [PMID: 34491771 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Department of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (P.S.)
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.).,Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (S.A-E.)
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Steven Hsu
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Stuart Russell
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.R.)
| | - Erika Feller
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (E.F.)
| | - Keyur Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA (K.S.)
| | - Maria E Rodrigo
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC (M.E.R., S.S.N.)
| | - Samer S Najjar
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC (M.E.R., S.S.N.)
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Ulgen Fideli
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Alfiya Bikineyeva
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Argit Marishta
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Kenneth Bhatti
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Cedric Mutebi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.).,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI (C.Mutebi)
| | - Kai Yu
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (K.Y.)
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.)
| | - Charles Marboe
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian University Hospital of Cornell and Columbia, New York (C.Marboe)
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (G.J.B., H.A.V.)
| | - Hannah A Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD (P.S., S.A-E., I.T., S.H., E.F., K.S., M.E.R., S.S.N., H.K., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., M.K.J., C.Marboe, G.J.B., H.A.V.).,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (S.A-E., I.T., S.H., H.K., M.P., U.F., A.B., A.M., K.B., Y.Y., C.Mutebi, M.K.J., H.A.V.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (G.J.B., H.A.V.)
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13
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Jang MK, Tunc I, Berry GJ, Marboe C, Kong H, Keller MB, Shah PD, Timofte I, Brown AW, Ponor IL, Mutebi C, Philogene MC, Yu K, Iacono A, Orens JB, Nathan SD, Agbor-Enoh S. Donor-derived cell-free DNA accurately detects acute rejection in lung transplant patients, a multicenter cohort study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:822-830. [PMID: 34130911 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute rejection, which includes antibody-mediated rejection and acute cellular rejection, is a risk factor for lung allograft loss. Lung transplant patients often undergo surveillance transbronchial biopsies to detect and treat acute rejection before irreversible chronic rejection develops. Limitations of this approach include its invasiveness and high interobserver variability. We tested the performance of percent donor-derived cell-free DNA (%ddcfDNA), a non-invasive blood test, to detect acute rejection. METHODS This multicenter cohort study monitored 148 lung transplant subjects over a median of 19.6 months. We collected serial plasma samples contemporaneously with TBBx to measure %ddcfDNA. Clinical data was collected to adjudicate for acute rejection. The primary analysis consisted of computing the area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve of %ddcfDNA to detect acute rejection. Secondary analysis determined %ddcfDNA rule-out thresholds for acute rejection. RESULTS ddcfDNA levels were high after transplant surgery and decayed logarithmically. With acute rejection, ddcfDNA levels rose six-fold higher than controls. ddcfDNA levels also correlated with severity of lung function decline and histological grading of rejection. %ddcfDNA area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve for acute rejection, AMR, and ACR were 0.89, 0.93, and 0.83, respectively. ddcfDNA levels of <0.5% and <1.0% showed a negative predictive value of 96% and 90% for acute rejection, respectively. Histopathology detected one-third of episodes with ddcfDNA levels ≥1.0%, even though >90% of these events were coincident to clinical complications missed by histopathology. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that %ddcfDNA reliably detects acute rejection and other clinical complications potentially missed by histopathology, lending support to its use as a non-invasive marker of allograft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Charles Marboe
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian University Hospital of Cornell and Columbia, New York, New York
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael B Keller
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pali D Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Irina Timofte
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anne W Brown
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Ileana L Ponor
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cedric Mutebi
- Immunogenetics Core Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary C Philogene
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kai Yu
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Aldo Iacono
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan B Orens
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland.
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14
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Andargie TE, Tsuji N, Seifuddin F, Jang MK, Yuen PS, Kong H, Tunc I, Singh K, Charya A, Wilkins K, Nathan S, Cox A, Pirooznia M, Star RA, Agbor-Enoh S. Cell-free DNA maps COVID-19 tissue injury and risk of death and can cause tissue injury. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147610. [PMID: 33651717 PMCID: PMC8119224 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical course of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is heterogeneous, ranging from mild to severe multiorgan failure and death. In this study, we analyzed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker of injury to define the sources of tissue injury that contribute to such different trajectories. METHODS We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study to enroll patients with COVID-19 and collect plasma samples. Plasma cfDNA was subject to bisulfite sequencing. A library of tissue-specific DNA methylation signatures was used to analyze sequence reads to quantitate cfDNA from different tissue types. We then determined the correlation of tissue-specific cfDNA measures to COVID-19 outcomes. Similar analyses were performed for healthy controls and a comparator group of patients with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. RESULTS We found markedly elevated levels and divergent tissue sources of cfDNA in COVID-19 patients compared with patients who had influenza and/or respiratory syncytial virus and with healthy controls. The major sources of cfDNA in COVID-19 were hematopoietic cells, vascular endothelium, hepatocytes, adipocytes, kidney, heart, and lung. cfDNA levels positively correlated with COVID-19 disease severity, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer. cfDNA profile at admission identified patients who subsequently required intensive care or died during hospitalization. Furthermore, the increased cfDNA in COVID-19 patients generated excessive mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in renal tubular cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This mtROS production was inhibited by a TLR9-specific antagonist. CONCLUSION cfDNA maps tissue injury that predicts COVID-19 outcomes and may mechanistically propagate COVID-19–induced tissue injury. FUNDING Intramural Targeted Anti–COVID-19 grant, NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen E Andargie
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Naoko Tsuji
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter St Yuen
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Bioinformatics and Computation Core, NHLBI, Maryland, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computation Core, NHLBI, Maryland, USA
| | - Ananth Charya
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Steven Nathan
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Robert A Star
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT) and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Gai W, Zhou Z, Agbor-Enoh S, Fan X, Lian S, Jiang P, Cheng SH, Wong J, Chan SL, Jang MK, Yang Y, Liang RH, Chan WK, Ma ES, Leung TY, Chiu RW, Valantine H, Chan KA, Lo YD. Applications of genetic-epigenetic tissue mapping for plasma DNA in prenatal testing, transplantation and oncology. eLife 2021; 10:64356. [PMID: 33752803 PMCID: PMC7997656 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed genetic-epigenetic tissue mapping (GETMap) to determine the tissue composition of plasma DNA carrying genetic variants not present in the constitutional genome through comparing their methylation profiles with relevant tissues. We validated this approach by showing that, in pregnant women, circulating DNA carrying fetal-specific alleles was entirely placenta-derived. In lung transplant recipients, we showed that, at 72 hr after transplantation, the lung contributed only a median of 17% to the plasma DNA carrying donor-specific alleles, and hematopoietic cells contributed a median of 78%. In hepatocellular cancer patients, the liver was identified as the predominant source of plasma DNA carrying tumor-specific mutations. In a pregnant woman with lymphoma, plasma DNA molecules carrying cancer mutations and fetal-specific alleles were accurately shown to be derived from the lymphocytes and placenta, respectively. Analysis of tissue origin for plasma DNA carrying genetic variants is potentially useful for noninvasive prenatal testing, transplantation monitoring, and cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Gai
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States
| | - Xiaodan Fan
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng Lian
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, United States.,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, United States.,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States
| | - Raymond Hs Liang
- Comprehensive Oncology Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kong Chan
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmond Sk Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rossa Wk Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hannah Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, United States.,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States
| | - Kc Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ym Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Agbor-Enoh S, Shah P, Tunc I, Hsu S, Russell S, Feller E, Shah K, Rodrigo ME, Najjar SS, Kong H, Pirooznia M, Fideli U, Bikineyeva A, Marishta A, Bhatti K, Yang Y, Mutebi C, Yu K, Jang MK, Marboe C, Berry GJ, Valantine HA. Cell-Free DNA to Detect Heart Allograft Acute Rejection. Circulation 2021; 143:1184-1197. [PMID: 33435695 PMCID: PMC8221834 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After heart transplantation, endomyocardial biopsy (EMBx) is used to monitor for acute rejection (AR). Unfortunately, EMBx is invasive, and its conventional histological interpretation has limitations. This is a validation study to assess the performance of a sensitive blood biomarker-percent donor-derived cell-free DNA (%ddcfDNA)-for detection of AR in cardiac transplant recipients. METHODS This multicenter, prospective cohort study recruited heart transplant subjects and collected plasma samples contemporaneously with EMBx for %ddcfDNA measurement by shotgun sequencing. Histopathology data were collected to define AR, its 2 phenotypes (acute cellular rejection [ACR] and antibody-mediated rejection [AMR]), and controls without rejection. The primary analysis was to compare %ddcfDNA levels (median and interquartile range [IQR]) for AR, AMR, and ACR with controls and to determine %ddcfDNA test characteristics using receiver-operator characteristics analysis. RESULTS The study included 171 subjects with median posttransplant follow-up of 17.7 months (IQR, 12.1-23.6), with 1392 EMBx, and 1834 %ddcfDNA measures available for analysis. Median %ddcfDNA levels decayed after surgery to 0.13% (IQR, 0.03%-0.21%) by 28 days. Also, %ddcfDNA increased again with AR compared with control values (0.38% [IQR, 0.31-0.83%], versus 0.03% [IQR, 0.01-0.14%]; P<0.001). The rise was detected 0.5 and 3.2 months before histopathologic diagnosis of ACR and AMR. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for AR was 0.92. A 0.25%ddcfDNA threshold had a negative predictive value for AR of 99% and would have safely eliminated 81% of EMBx. In addition, %ddcfDNA showed distinctive characteristics comparing AMR with ACR, including 5-fold higher levels (AMR ≥2, 1.68% [IQR, 0.49-2.79%] versus ACR grade ≥2R, 0.34% [IQR, 0.28-0.72%]), higher area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.95 versus 0.85), higher guanosine-cytosine content, and higher percentage of short ddcfDNA fragments. CONCLUSIONS We found that %ddcfDNA detected AR with a high area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and negative predictive value. Monitoring with ddcfDNA demonstrated excellent performance characteristics for both ACR and AMR and led to earlier detection than the EMBx-based monitoring. This study supports the use of %ddcfDNA to monitor for AR in patients with heart transplant and paves the way for a clinical utility study. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02423070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Palak Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Steven Hsu
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stuart Russell
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Erika Feller
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keyur Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Maria E. Rodrigo
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC
| | - Samer S. Najjar
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC
| | - Hyesik Kong
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Ulgen Fideli
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Alfiya Bikineyeva
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Argit Marishta
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Kenneth Bhatti
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Cedric Mutebi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI
| | - Kai Yu
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
| | - Charles Marboe
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian University Hospital of Cornell and Columbia, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gerald J. Berry
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Hannah A. Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda Maryland, 20982
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Agbor-Enoh S, Wang Y, Tunc I, Jang MK, Davis A, De Vlaminck I, Luikart H, Shah PD, Timofte I, Brown AW, Marishta A, Bhatti K, Gorham S, Fideli U, Wylie J, Grimm D, Goodwin N, Yang Y, Patel K, Zhu J, Iacono A, Orens JB, Nathan SD, Marboe C, Berry GJ, Quake SR, Khush K, Valantine HA. Donor-derived cell-free DNA predicts allograft failure and mortality after lung transplantation. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:541-553. [PMID: 30692045 PMCID: PMC6412014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allograft failure is common in lung-transplant recipients and leads to poor outcomes including early death. No reliable clinical tools exist to identify patients at high risk for allograft failure. This study tested the use of donor-derived cell-free DNA (%ddcfDNA) as a sensitive marker of early graft injury to predict impending allograft failure. Methods This multicenter, prospective cohort study enrolled 106 subjects who underwent lung transplantation and monitored them after transplantation for the development of allograft failure (defined as severe chronic lung allograft dysfunction [CLAD], retransplantation, and/or death from respiratory failure). Plasma samples were collected serially in the first three months following transplantation and assayed for %ddcfDNA by shotgun sequencing. We computed the average levels of ddcfDNA over three months for each patient (avddDNA) and determined its relationship to allograft failure using Cox-regression analysis. Findings avddDNA was highly variable among subjects: median values were 3·6%, 1·6% and 0·7% for the upper, middle, and low tertiles, respectively (range 0·1%–9·9%). Compared to subjects in the low and middle tertiles, those with avddDNA in the upper tertile had a 6·6-fold higher risk of developing allograft failure (95% confidence interval 1·6–19·9, p = 0·007), lower peak FEV1 values, and more frequent %ddcfDNA elevations that were not clinically detectable. Interpretation Lung transplant patients with early unresolving allograft injury measured via %ddcfDNA are at risk of subsequent allograft injury, which is often clinically silent, and progresses to allograft failure. Fund National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Andrew Davis
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Helen Luikart
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Pali D Shah
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irina Timofte
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anne W Brown
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Argit Marishta
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Kenneth Bhatti
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Sasha Gorham
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Ulgen Fideli
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Jennifer Wylie
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - David Grimm
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Natalie Goodwin
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Kapil Patel
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Aldo Iacono
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan B Orens
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Charles Marboe
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian University Hospital of Cornell and Columbia, NY, New York, USA
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kiran Khush
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Hannah A Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, 7S261, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States.
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Agbor-Enoh S, Jackson AM, Tunc I, Berry GJ, Cochrane A, Grimm D, Davis A, Shah P, Brown AW, Wang Y, Timofte I, Shah P, Gorham S, Wylie J, Goodwin N, Jang MK, Marishta A, Bhatti K, Fideli U, Yang Y, Luikart H, Cao Z, Pirooznia M, Zhu J, Marboe C, Iacono A, Nathan SD, Orens J, Valantine HA, Khush K. Late manifestation of alloantibody-associated injury and clinical pulmonary antibody-mediated rejection: Evidence from cell-free DNA analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:925-932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Agbor-Enoh S, Chan JL, Singh A, Tunc I, Gorham S, Zhu J, Pirooznia M, Corcoran PC, Thomas ML, Lewis BGT, Jang MK, Ayares DL, Horvath KA, Mohiuddin MM, Valantine H. Circulating cell-free DNA as a biomarker of tissue injury: Assessment in a cardiac xenotransplantation model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:967-975. [PMID: 29933912 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a biomarker of tissue injury in a range of conditions including organ transplantation. However, the lack of model systems to study cfDNA and its relevance to tissue injury has limited the advancements in this field. We hypothesized that the predictable course of acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR) in organ transplants from genetically engineered donors provides an ideal system for assessing circulating cfDNA as a marker of tissue injury. METHODS Genetically modified pig donor hearts were heterotopically transplanted into baboons (n = 7). Cell-free DNA was extracted from pre-transplant and post-transplant baboon plasma samples for shotgun sequencing. After alignment of sequence reads to pig and baboon reference sequences, we computed the percentage of xenograft-derived cfDNA (xdcfDNA) relative to recipient by counting uniquely aligned pig and baboon sequence reads. RESULTS The xdcfDNA percentage was high early post-transplantation and decayed exponentially to low stable levels (baseline); the decay half-life was 3.0 days. Post-transplantation baseline xdcfDNA levels were higher for transplant recipients that subsequently developed graft loss than in the 1 animal that did not reject the graft (3.2% vs 0.5%). Elevations in xdcfDNA percentage coincided with increased troponin and clinical evidence of rejection. Importantly, elevations in xdcfDNA percentage preceded clinical signs of rejection or increases in troponin levels. CONCLUSION Cross-species xdcfDNA kinetics in relation to acute rejection are similar to the patterns in human allografts. These observations in a xenotransplantation model support the body of evidence suggesting that circulating cfDNA is a marker of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua L Chan
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Avneesh Singh
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sasha Gorham
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun Zhu
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Philip C Corcoran
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marvin L Thomas
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Billeta G T Lewis
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Keith A Horvath
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Muhammad M Mohiuddin
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Hannah Valantine
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Jang MK, Anderson DE, van Doorslaer K, McBride AA. A proteomic approach to discover and compare interacting partners of papillomavirus E2 proteins from diverse phylogenetic groups. Proteomics 2015; 15:2038-50. [PMID: 25758368 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are a very successful group of viruses that replicate persistently in localized regions of the stratified epithelium of their specific host. Infection results in pathologies ranging from asymptomatic infection, benign warts, to malignant carcinomas. Despite this diversity, papillomavirus genomes are small (7-8 kbp) and contain at most eight genes. To sustain the complex papillomaviral life cycle, each viral protein has multiple functions and interacts with and manipulates a plethora of cellular proteins. In this study, we use tandem affinity purification and MS to identify host factors that interact with 11 different papillomavirus E2 proteins from diverse phylogenetic groups. The E2 proteins function in viral transcription and replication and correspondingly interact with host proteins involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling and modification, replication, and RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyoo Jang
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Eric Anderson
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Koenraad van Doorslaer
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison A McBride
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jang MK, Shen K, McBride AA. Papillomavirus genomes associate with BRD4 to replicate at fragile sites in the host genome. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004117. [PMID: 24832099 PMCID: PMC4022725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that oncogenic viruses often integrate close to common fragile sites. The papillomavirus E2 protein, in complex with BRD4, tethers the viral genome to host chromatin to ensure persistent replication. Here, we map these targets to a number of large regions of the human genome and name them Persistent E2 and BRD4-Broad Localized Enrichments of Chromatin or PEB-BLOCs. PEB-BLOCs frequently contain deletions, have increased rates of asynchronous DNA replication, and are associated with many known common fragile sites. Cell specific fragile sites were mapped in human C-33 cervical cells by FANCD2 ChIP-chip, confirming the association with PEB-BLOCs. HPV-infected cells amplify viral DNA in nuclear replication foci and we show that these form adjacent to PEB-BLOCs. We propose that HPV replication, which hijacks host DNA damage responses, occurs adjacent to highly susceptible fragile sites, greatly increasing the chances of integration here, as is found in HPV-associated cancers. Papillomavirus cause persistent, but mostly self-limiting, infections of the host epithelium. However, a subset of oncogenic papillomaviruses is the causative agent of certain human cancers. In persistent infection the viral genomes are tethered to host chromosomes to maintain and partition the extrachromosomal viral genomes to daughter cells. However, in cancers viral DNA is often found integrated close to common fragile sites, regions prone to breakage, amplification and deletion. We show that the viral E2 and cellular BRD4 proteins are associated with fragile regions of the human genome and nucleate viral replication foci at these sites. This is a resourceful strategy for a virus that uses the host DNA damage response to amplify viral DNA. However, the outcome may be increased accidental integration of viral DNA, which in the case of the oncogenic viruses can promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyoo Jang
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kui Shen
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alison A. McBride
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chapman S, McDermott DH, Shen K, Jang MK, McBride AA. The effect of Rho kinase inhibition on long-term keratinocyte proliferation is rapid and conditional. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:60. [PMID: 24774536 PMCID: PMC4055106 DOI: 10.1186/scrt449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously demonstrated that the lifespan of primary human keratinocytes could be extended indefinitely by culture in the presence of the Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632. This technique has proven to be very useful in diverse areas of basic and clinical research. Methods In this follow-up study we determine whether the continual presence of Y-27632 is required for sustained proliferation. We also test whether different ROCK inhibitors can be used for this technique and whether it can also promote indefinite proliferation of animal keratinocytes. We measure keratinocyte gene expression, proliferation, behaviour and lifespan in the presence and absence of Y-27632. Results We demonstrate that the extension of lifespan observed by culture of keratinocytes in the presence of fibroblast feeders and a ROCK inhibitor is reversible and that cells senesce gradually when the inhibitor is removed from the medium. Conversely, keratinocytes that are close to the end of their replicative life span can be revived by ROCK inhibition. We demonstrate that different inhibitors of ROCK can also efficiently extend the lifespan of human keratinocytes and that ROCK inhibition extends the lifespan of animal keratinocytes derived from mouse and bovine epithelia. Gene expression analysis of human epidermal keratinocytes cells grown in the presence of Y-27632 demonstrates that ROCK inhibition primarily inhibits keratinocyte differentiation. Live-imaging of keratinocytes cultured with ROCK inhibitors show that the effect of ROCK inhibition on cellular proliferation is immediate and ROCK inhibited cells proliferate rapidly without differentiation or stratification. Conclusions ROCK inhibition rapidly and conditionally induces indefinite proliferation of keratinocytes. This method has far-reaching applications for basic research, as well as for regenerative and personalized medicine.
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Sakakibara N, Chen D, Jang MK, Kang DW, Luecke HF, Wu SY, Chiang CM, McBride AA. Brd4 is displaced from HPV replication factories as they expand and amplify viral DNA. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003777. [PMID: 24278023 PMCID: PMC3836737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication foci are generated by many viruses to concentrate and localize viral DNA synthesis to specific regions of the cell. Expression of the HPV16 E1 and E2 replication proteins in keratinocytes results in nuclear foci that recruit proteins associated with the host DNA damage response. We show that the Brd4 protein localizes to these foci and is essential for their formation. However, when E1 and E2 begin amplifying viral DNA, Brd4 is displaced from the foci and cellular factors associated with DNA synthesis and homologous recombination are recruited. Differentiated HPV-infected keratinocytes form similar nuclear foci that contain amplifying viral DNA. We compare the different foci and show that, while they have many characteristics in common, there is a switch between early Brd4-dependent foci and mature Brd4-independent replication foci. However, HPV genomes encoding mutated E2 proteins that are unable to bind Brd4 can replicate and amplify the viral genome. We propose that, while E1, E2 and Brd4 might bind host chromatin at early stages of infection, there is a temporal and functional switch at later stages and increased E1 and E2 levels promote viral DNA amplification, displacement of Brd4 and growth of a replication factory. The concomitant DNA damage response recruits proteins required for DNA synthesis and repair, which could then be utilized for viral DNA replication. Hence, while Brd4 can enhance replication by concentrating viral processes in specific regions of the host nucleus, this interaction is not absolutely essential for HPV replication. Papillomaviruses have a remarkable infection cycle that depends on the development of a stratified epithelium. The virus infects the lower, dividing layers of the epithelium and viral genomes replicate at low copy number, and are maintained in these cells, for long periods of time. As infected cells differentiate and move to the surface of the epithelium, they switch on high level viral DNA replication, synthesize capsid proteins and form new viral particles. Viral replication takes place in nuclear foci and is dependent on the E1 and E2 replication proteins. Brd4 is a cellular chromatin binding protein that interacts with E2 and is important for transcriptional regulation of papillomaviruses. In this study we examine the role of Brd4 at different stages in the formation of viral replication foci. In the absence of viral DNA replication, Brd4 links the viral proteins to host chromatin. However, when viral genomes begin to amplify to high levels, Brd4 is displaced from nuclear foci and is not required for replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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McBride AA, Jang MK. Current understanding of the role of the Brd4 protein in the papillomavirus lifecycle. Viruses 2013; 5:1374-94. [PMID: 23722886 PMCID: PMC3717712 DOI: 10.3390/v5061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brd4 protein is an epigenetic reader that is central to regulation of cellular transcription and mitotic bookmarking. The transcription and replication proteins of many viruses interact with Brd4. We describe the multiple roles of Brd4 in the papillomavirus lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A McBride
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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McBride AA, Sakakibara N, Stepp WH, Jang MK. Hitchhiking on host chromatin: how papillomaviruses persist. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1819:820-5. [PMID: 22306660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Persistent viruses need mechanisms to protect their genomes from cellular defenses and to ensure that they are efficiently propagated to daughter host cells. One mechanism by which papillomaviruses achieve this is through the association of viral genomes with host chromatin, mediated by the viral E2 tethering protein. Association of viral DNA with regions of active host chromatin ensures that the virus remains transcriptionally active and is not relegated to repressed heterochromatin. In addition, viral genomes are tethered to specific regions of host mitotic chromosomes to efficiently partition their DNA to daughter cells. Vegetative viral DNA replication also initiates at specific regions of host chromatin, where the viral E1 and E2 proteins initiate a DNA damage response that recruits cellular DNA damage and repair proteins to viral replication foci for efficient viral DNA synthesis. Thus, these small viruses have capitalized on interactions with chromatin to efficiently target their genomes to beneficial regions of the host nucleus. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chromatin in time and space.
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Park JW, Kim HS, Seo DD, Jang JS, Shin WG, Kim KH, Jang MK, Lee JH, Kim HY, Kim DJ, Lee MS, Park CK. Long-term efficacy of entecavir in adefovir-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients with prior lamivudine resistance. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:e475-81. [PMID: 21914066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of entecavir (ETV) in adefovir (ADV)-refractory chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with prior lamivudine (LMV) resistance. A total of 55 ADV-refractory CHB patients with prior LMV resistance, who received rescue therapy with ETV 1 mg daily for at least 12 months, were consecutively enrolled and analysed. Forty-four patients were men, and their median age was 47 (25-69). Ten patients had liver cirrhosis and 46 patients were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Median hepatitis B virus DNA levels were 6.6 (4.3-8.0) log(10) copies/mL, and the median duration of ETV therapy was 24 (12-47) months. Cumulative virologic response rates at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 18%, 29%, 58% and 75%, respectively. HBeAg loss occurred in 10 (21.7%) of 46 HBeAg-positive patients. In multivariate analysis, only initial virologic response at 3 months remained as an independent predictor for virologic response (RR 3.143; 95% CI 1.387-7.120; P = 0.006). The patients with a virological response at 3 months had not only a significantly higher probability of achieving a virologic response (P < 0.001) but also lower probability of experiencing a virologic breakthrough (P = 0.043) than the patients without an early response. Viral breakthrough was observed in 29 patients during the follow-up period. Cumulative breakthrough rates at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 0%, 15%, 45% and 73%, respectively. ETV monotherapy may be considerably efficacious in cases with an initial virological response but its efficacy is attenuated by frequent emergence of ETV resistance in ADV-refractory CHB patients with prior LMV resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Hong SK, Jang MK, Brown JL, McBride AA, Feldman B. Embryonic mesoderm and endoderm induction requires the actions of non-embryonic Nodal-related ligands and Mxtx2. Development 2011; 138:787-95. [PMID: 21266414 DOI: 10.1242/dev.058974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate mesoderm and endoderm formation requires signaling by Nodal-related ligands from the TGFβ superfamily. The factors that initiate Nodal-related gene transcription are unknown in most species and the relative contributions of Nodal-related ligands from embryonic, extraembryonic and maternal sources remain uncertain. In zebrafish, signals from the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic domain, are required for mesoderm and endoderm induction, and YSL expression of nodal-related 1 (ndr1) and ndr2 accounts for a portion of this activity. A variable requirement of maternally derived Ndr1 for dorsal and anterior axis formation has also been documented. Here we show that Mxtx2 directly activates expression of ndr2 via binding to its first intron and is required for ndr2 expression in the YSL. Mxtx2 is also required for the Nodal signaling-independent expression component of the no tail a (ntla) gene, which is required for posterior (tail) mesoderm formation. Therefore, Mxtx2 defines a new pathway upstream of Nodal signaling and posterior mesoderm formation. We further show that the co-disruption of extraembryonic Ndr2, extraembryonic Ndr1 and maternal Ndr1 eliminates endoderm and anterior (head and trunk) mesoderm, recapitulating the loss of Nodal signaling phenotype. Therefore, non-embryonic sources of Nodal-related ligands account for the complete spectrum of early Nodal signaling requirements. In summary, the induction of mesoderm and endoderm depends upon the combined actions of Mxtx2 and Nodal-related ligands from non-embryonic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kook Hong
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Umehara T, Nakamura Y, Jang MK, Nakano K, Tanaka A, Ozato K, Padmanabhan B, Yokoyama S. Structural basis for acetylated histone H4 recognition by the human BRD2 bromodomain. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7610-8. [PMID: 20048151 PMCID: PMC2844208 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.062422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of acetylated chromatin by the bromodomains and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins is a hallmark for transcriptional activation and anchoring viral genomes to mitotic chromosomes of the host. One of the BET family proteins BRD2 interacts with acetylated chromatin during mitosis and leads to transcriptional activation in culture cells. Here, we report the crystal structures of the N-terminal bromodomain of human BRD2 (BRD2-BD1; residues 74-194) in complex with each of three different Lys-12-acetylated H4 peptides. The BRD2-BD1 recognizes the H4 tail acetylated at Lys-12 (H4K12ac), whereas the side chain of hypoacetylated Lys-8 of H4 binds at the cavity of the dimer interface of BRD2-BD1. From binding studies, we identified the BRD2-BD1 residues that are responsible for recognition of the Lys-12-acetylated H4 tail. In addition, mutation to Lys-8 in the Lys-12-acetylated H4 tail decreased the binding to BRD2-BD1, implicating the critical role of Lys-8 in the Lys-12-acetylated H4 tail for the recognition by BRD2-BD1. Our findings provide a structural basis for deciphering the histone code by the BET bromodomain through the binding with a long segment of the histone H4 tail, which presumably prevents erasure of the histone code during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Umehara
- From RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakamura
- From RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Moon Kyoo Jang
- the Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- From RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- From RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- the Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Balasundaram Padmanabhan
- From RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- From RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- the Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Shin WG, Park SH, Jang MK, Hahn TH, Kim JB, Lee MS, Kim DJ, Jun SY, Park CK. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) can predict liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:267-74. [PMID: 18055281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been still few valuable markers that can be used as indirect markers of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of several indirect markers of liver fibrosis and to identify the most valuable test in chronic hepatitis B. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 264 patients with chronic hepatitis B were consecutively enrolled. Fibrosis was staged by a single blinded pathologist according to the METAVIR system. Significant fibrosis was defined as stage >or=2. We investigated diagnostic accuracy of four indirect markers including aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index for predicting significant fibrosis. RESULTS Mean age was 28 years. 53% (141/264) had significant hepatic fibrosis. Of indirect markers, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index yielded the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.91). Positive predictive value/negative predictive value at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index score for predicting significant fibrosis were 63%/91%, 83%/74% and 86%/65%, respectively. The odds ratio for aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index >or=1.4 relative to less than aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index of 1.4 was 17.971 (p<0.0001; 95% confidence interval, 9.677-33.376). CONCLUSIONS Of simple markers already developed in chronic hepatitis C, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index may be the most accurate and simple marker for predicting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mochizuki K, Nishiyama A, Jang MK, Dey A, Ghosh A, Tamura T, Natsume H, Yao H, Ozato K. The bromodomain protein Brd4 stimulates G1 gene transcription and promotes progression to S phase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:9040-8. [PMID: 18223296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707603200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brd4 is a bromodomain protein that binds to acetylated chromatin. It regulates cell growth, although the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Brd4 has also been shown to control transcription of viral genes, whereas its role in transcription of cellular genes has not been fully elucidated. Here we addressed the role of Brd4 in cell growth and transcription using a small hairpin (sh) RNA approach. The Brd4 shRNA vector stably knocked down Brd4 protein expression by approximately 90% in NIH3T3 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Brd4 knockdown cells were growth impaired and grew more slowly than control cells. When synchronized by serum starvation and released, Brd4 knockdown cells were arrested at G(1), whereas control cells progressed to S phase. In microarray analysis, although numerous genes were up-regulated during G(1) in control cells, many of these G(1) genes were not up-regulated in Brd4 knockdown cells. Reintroduction of Brd4 rescued expression of these G(1) genes in Brd4 knockdown cells, allowing cells to progress toward S phase. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Brd4 was recruited to the promoters of these G(1) genes during G(0)-G(1) progression. Furthermore, Brd4 recruitment coincided with increased binding of Cdk9, a component of P-TEFb and RNA polymerase II to these genes. Brd4 recruitment was low to absent at genes not affected by Brd4 shRNA. The results indicate that Brd4 stimulates G(1) gene expression by binding to multiple G(1) gene promoters in a cell cycle-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kim TB, Kim SY, Moon KA, Park CS, Jang MK, Yun ES, Cho YS, Moon HB, Lee KY. Five-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside attenuates poly (I:C)-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1709-19. [PMID: 17877757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma can frequently be induced or exacerbated by respiratory viral infections. Oxidative stress might also play an essential role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases, indicating that antioxidant therapy may have a potential effect in controlling allergic airway diseases. Recent studies showed that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) has the potential ability to modulate NADPH oxidase activity, indicating the antioxidant activity of AICAR. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of AICAR as an anti-inflammatory modulator on allergic airway inflammation in murine animal models. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of AICAR were evaluated in two experimental asthma models: (1) an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental asthma model and (2) an OVA plus polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)]-induced experimental asthma model to mimic respiratory viral infections. The inhibitory effects of AICAR in poly (I:C)-mediated signalling for NF-kappaB activation and production of TNF-alpha were analysed in vitro. RESULTS AICAR was shown to have a marginal inhibitory effect in an OVA-induced asthma model. Interestingly, AICAR significantly attenuated poly (I:C)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation, as shown by the attenuation of the influx of total inflammatory cells and soluble products into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, such as macrophages, eosinophils, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. AICAR also significantly reduced the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG2a antibodies. Histologic and flow cytometric studies showed that AICAR inhibited poly (I:C)-induced lung inflammation and the infiltration of CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells into the lung. Moreover, AICAR effectively inhibited poly (I:C)-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and the production of TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AICAR may be a novel immunomodulator with promising beneficial effects for the treatment of respiratory viral infection in airway allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-B Kim
- Division of Allergy, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Cho WK, Zhou M, Jang MK, Huang K, Jeong SJ, Ozato K, Brady JN. Modulation of the Brd4/P-TEFb interaction by the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 tax protein. J Virol 2007; 81:11179-86. [PMID: 17686863 PMCID: PMC2045532 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00408-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb), which is composed of CDK9 and cyclin T1, plays an important role in cellular and viral gene expression. Our lab has recently demonstrated that P-TEFb is required for Tax transactivation of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). P-TEFb is found in two major complexes: the inactive form, which is associated with inhibitory subunits 7SK snRNA and HEXIM1, and the active form, which is associated with, at least in part, Brd4. In this study, we analyzed the effect of Brd4 on human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transcription. Overexpression of Brd4 repressed Tax transactivation of the HTLV-1 LTR in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro binding studies suggest that Tax and Brd4 compete for binding to P-TEFb through direct interaction with cyclin T1. Tax interacts with cyclin T1 amino acids 426 to 533, which overlaps the region responsible for Brd4 binding. In vivo, overexpression of Tax decreased the amount of 7SK snRNA associated with P-TEFb and stimulates serine 2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain, suggesting that Tax regulates the functionality of P-TEFb. Our results suggest the possibility that Tax may compete and functionally substitute for Brd4 in P-TEFb regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Cho
- Virus Tumor Biology Section, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 41 Medlars Dr., Bldg. 41, Rm. B201, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kong HJ, Anderson DE, Lee CH, Jang MK, Tamura T, Tailor P, Cho HK, Cheong J, Xiong H, Morse HC, Ozato K. Cutting edge: autoantigen Ro52 is an interferon inducible E3 ligase that ubiquitinates IRF-8 and enhances cytokine expression in macrophages. J Immunol 2007; 179:26-30. [PMID: 17579016 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-8 is a transcription factor important for the development and function of macrophages. It plays a critical role in the induction of cytokine genes, including IL-12p40. Immunopurification and mass spectrometry analysis found that IRF-8 interacted with Ro52 in murine macrophages upon IFN-gamma and TLR stimulation. Ro52 is an IFN-inducible protein of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family and is an autoantigen present in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ro52 has a RING motif and is capable of ubiquitinating itself. We show that IRF-8 is ubiquitinated by Ro52 both in vivo and in vitro. Ectopic expression of Ro52 enhanced IL-12p40 expression in IFN-gamma/TLR-stimulated macrophages in an IRF-8-dependent manner. Together, Ro52 is an E3 ligase for IRF-8 that acts in a non-degradation pathway of ubiquitination, and contributes to the elicitation of innate immunity in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Kong
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Jang MK, Chae KR, Hwang DY, Kim CK, Kim BG, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lee SH, Shin JS, Lee SH, Chung NH, Cho JS, Choi SY, Kim YK. Glucocorticoid receptor represses the Dex-mediated induction of human androgen response element-linked Luc activity. Gen Physiol Biophys 2007; 26:56-61. [PMID: 17579255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A human androgen response element (hARE), identified within intron 8 of the human sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein, interacts with both glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and androgen receptors (AR). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that human GR (hGR) might modulate the expression of a hARE-linked reporter gene by dexamethasone (Dex). The hypothesis was tested by: a) co-transfecting HepG2 cells with a hGR and a luciferase (Luc)-reporter gene for performing in vitro investigations and b) by their co-injection into the tail vein of mice for in vivo investigation. In vitro co-transfected cells and the in vivo co-injected mice were then treated with Dex. Our results have led us to concluded that both transfection and injection of the hGR leads to a repression in the Dex-mediated induction of hARE-linked Luc activity both in vitro and in vivo settings. These findings suggest that this assay system allows screening of drug candidates affecting to a signal transduction pathway of the GR and AR and may help in the future discovery and analysis of novel and selection of GR and AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administra-tion, Seoul, Korea
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Nakamura Y, Umehara T, Nakano K, Jang MK, Shirouzu M, Morita S, Uda-Tochio H, Hamana H, Terada T, Adachi N, Matsumoto T, Tanaka A, Horikoshi M, Ozato K, Padmanabhan B, Yokoyama S. Crystal structure of the human BRD2 bromodomain: insights into dimerization and recognition of acetylated histone H4. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:4193-201. [PMID: 17148447 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605971200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The BET (bromodomains and extra terminal domain) family proteins recognize acetylated chromatin through their bromodomain and act as transcriptional activators. One of the BET proteins, BRD2, associates with the transcription factor E2F, the mediator components CDK8 and TRAP220, and RNA polymerase II, as well as with acetylated chromatin during mitosis. BRD2 contains two bromodomains (BD1 and BD2), which are considered to be responsible for binding to acetylated chromatin. The BRD2 protein specifically recognizes the histone H4 tail acetylated at Lys12. Here, we report the crystal structure of the N-terminal bromodomain (BD1, residues 74-194) of human BRD2. Strikingly, the BRD2 BD1 protein forms an intact dimer in the crystal. This is the first observation of a homodimer among the known bromodomain structures, through the buried hydrophobic core region at the interface. Biochemical studies also demonstrated BRD2 BD1 dimer formation in solution. The two acetyllysine-binding pockets and a negatively charged secondary binding pocket, produced at the dimer interface in BRD2 BD1, may be the unique features that allow BRD2 BD1 to selectively bind to the acetylated H4 tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nakamura
- RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Abstract
Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is a promising alternative means of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, limited cell doses may compromise outcome. To enhance engraftment, CBT has been conducted using two units with promising results. However, little is known about the mechanism of engraftment. Here, we analyzed the early engraftment kinetics of eight patients given two unit umbilical CBT. Early engraftment kinetics revealed dominancy of one of two units from the day of engraftment (absolute neutrophil count > 0.5 x 10(9)/l). The median value of percentage of the predominant unit by chimerism analysis at the time of engraftment was 88% (60-100%). Two units CBT was found to be a safe, effective and promising alternative treatment option with good engraftment potential. Dominancy occurred early after CBT and is probably influenced by multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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37
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Jang MK, Lee JH, Lee JY, Kim KH, Park JY, Lee JH, Kim HY, Yoo JY. Endoscopic band ligation of active cardiac variceal bleeding. Endoscopy 2006; 38:438. [PMID: 16680660 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-925163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Kangdonggu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim KH, Jang MK, Kim HS, Lee JH, Lee JY, Park JY, Lee JH, Kim HY, Yoo JY, Joo SH, Choi CS. Intussusception after gastric surgery. Endoscopy 2005; 37:1237-43. [PMID: 16329024 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-870447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Intussusception following gastric surgery is a rare postoperative complication. It may develop in clinical situations following gastroenterostomy, Billroth II gastric surgery with or without Braun anastomosis, or Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. The patients may present with either an acute surgical emergency or with a chronic, relapsing form. The mortality may be up to 50 % in these cases if not treated appropriately, but little is known about the mechanism underlying the condition. Early diagnosis with a high index of suspicion and prompt treatment of the acute form are therefore important. Surgical reduction with laparotomy is mandatory, although definitive corrective and preventative measures have not yet been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Jang MK, Mochizuki K, Zhou M, Jeong HS, Brady JN, Ozato K. The bromodomain protein Brd4 is a positive regulatory component of P-TEFb and stimulates RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Mol Cell 2005; 19:523-34. [PMID: 16109376 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 956] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brd4 is a mammalian bromodomain protein that binds to acetylated chromatin. Proteomic analysis revealed that Brd4 interacts with cyclinT1 and Cdk9 that constitutes core positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). Brd4 interacted with P-TEFb in the living nucleus through its bromodomain. About half of P-TEFb was bound to the inhibitory subunit and functionally inactive. Brd4 interacted with P-TEFb that was free of the inhibitory subunit. An increase in Brd4 expression led to increased P-TEFb-dependent phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) CTD and stimulation of transcription from promoters in vivo. Conversely, a reduction in Brd4 expression by siRNA reduced CTD phosphorylation and transcription, revealing that Brd4 is a positive regulatory component of P-TEFb. In chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, the recruitment of P-TEFb to a promoter was dependent on Brd4 and was enhanced by an increase in chromatin acetylation. Together, P-TEFb alternately interacts with Brd4 and the inhibitory subunit to maintain functional equilibrium in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyoo Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Yang Z, Yik JHN, Chen R, He N, Jang MK, Ozato K, Zhou Q. Recruitment of P-TEFb for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by the bromodomain protein Brd4. Mol Cell 2005; 19:535-45. [PMID: 16109377 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 838] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 05/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cyclinT1/Cdk9 heterodimer that constitutes core P-TEFb is generally presumed to be the transcriptionally active form for stimulating RNA polymerase II elongation. About half of cellular P-TEFb also exists in an inactive complex with the 7SK snRNA and the HEXIM1 protein. Here, we show that the remaining half associates with the bromodomain protein Brd4. In stress-induced cells, the 7SK/HEXIM1-bound P-TEFb is quantitatively converted into the Brd4-associated form. The association with Brd4 is necessary to form the transcriptionally active P-TEFb, recruits P-TEFb to a promoter, and enables P-TEFb to contact the Mediator complex, a potential target for the Brd4-mediated recruitment. Although generally required for transcription, the P-TEFb-recruitment function of Brd4 can be substituted by that of HIV-1 Tat, which recruits P-TEFb directly for activated HIV-1 transcription. Brd4, HEXIM1, and 7SK are all implicated in regulating cell growth, which may result from their dynamic control of the general transcription factor P-TEFb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Jang MK, Lee JY, Kim KH, Park JY, Lee JH, Kim HY, Yoo JY. Images of interest. Gastrointestinal: bleeding from ischemic colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20:789. [PMID: 15853996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Jang MK, Kim JY, Jeoung NH, Kang MA, Choi MS, Oh GT, Nam KT, Lee WH, Park YB. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins may induce expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 in atherosclerotic plaques. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:898-905. [PMID: 15381085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genes induced or suppressed by oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in human monocytic THP-1 cells were searched using the differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. One of the differentially expressed (up-regulated) cDNA fragments was found to contain sequences corresponding to monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3). The stimulatory effect of the oxLDL on the expression of MCP-3 mRNA was both time- and dose-dependent. Treatment with GF109203X and genistein, inhibitors of protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase, respectively, had no effect on the induction of MCP-3 mRNA by oxLDL, while treatment with cycloheximide inhibited the induction. The induction was reproduced by the lipid components in oxLDL such as 9-HODE and 13-HODE, which are known to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Introduction of an endogenous PPARgamma ligand, 15d-PGJ2, in the culture of THP-1 cells resulted in the induction of MCP-3 gene expression. Furthermore, analyses of human atherosclerotic plaques revealed that the expressional pattern of MCP-3 in the regions of neointimal and necrotic core overlapped with that of PPARgamma. These results suggest that oxLDL delivers its signal for MCP-3 expression via PPARgamma, which may be further related to the atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyoo Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-2753, USA
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Abstract
Acetylation and other modifications on histones comprise histone codes that govern transcriptional regulatory processes in chromatin. Yet little is known how different histone codes are translated and put into action. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we show that bromodomain-containing proteins recognize different patterns of acetylated histones in intact nuclei of living cells. The bromodomain protein Brd2 selectively interacted with acetylated lysine 12 on histone H4, whereas TAF(II)250 and PCAF recognized H3 and other acetylated histones, indicating fine specificity of histone recognition by different bromodomains. This hierarchy of interactions was also seen in direct peptide binding assays. Interaction with acetylated histone was essential for Brd2 to amplify transcription. Moreover association of Brd2, but not other bromodomain proteins, with acetylated chromatin persisted on chromosomes during mitosis. Thus the recognition of histone acetylation code by bromodomains is selective, is involved in transcription, and potentially conveys transcriptional memory across cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Kanno
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are essential components of immune responses during chronic hepatitis B (CHB). It has been known that Fas ligand (FasL) and perforin/granzyme B-based mechanisms account for all T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In the present work, we examined the correlation between injury of the hepatocytes and mRNA expression of FasL and perforin/granzyme B in liver tissue to investigate the roles of both the FasL and the perforin/granzyme B pathways in CHB. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to identify intrahepatic expression of FasL and perforin/granzyme B in liver biopsy specimens from 24 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In addition, the transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL) method was used to determine the degree of apoptosis. The degree of mRNA expression and apoptosis were compared with the histologic activity index (HAI) and serology, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Intrahepatic mRNA expression rates of FasL, perforin and granzyme B were seen in 79.2, 62.5 and 33.3% of patients, respectively, and correlated with ALT levels (P < 0.05). Intrahepatic expression of FasL and perforin mRNA were significantly correlated with HAI (P < 0.05). Also, apoptosis documented by the TUNEL assay was correlated with HAI and intrahepatic mRNA expression of FasL and perforin (P < 0.05). Our results show that the T-cell mediated perforin death pathway as well as the Fas system play important roles in liver cell injury in HBV infection and that apoptosis mediated by the Fas/FasL system is closely correlated with HAI in chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bae JS, Jang MK, Hong S, An WG, Choi YH, Kim HD, Cheong J. Phosphorylation of NF-kappa B by calmodulin-dependent kinase IV activates anti-apoptotic gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 305:1094-8. [PMID: 12767944 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously presented that calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) mutually interacts with NF-kappa B and phosphorylates it directly, inducing the increased transcriptional regulation dependent on NF-kappa B target genes [J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 20005]. Here, we show that Ser(535) residue is phosphorylated by CaMKIV. S535A mutant of p65 was specifically defective in transactivation of NF-kappa B target gene expression induced by CaMKIV. While coexpression of active CaMKIV with wild-type p65 led to a recovery from etoposide-induced apoptosis and an increase of Bcl-2 protein in cells, cells expressing S535A mutant did not. Taken together these results suggest that phosphorylated NF-kappa B p65 on Ser(535) by CaMKIV increases NF-kappa B target gene expression, including anti-apoptotic gene, hence leading to inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeum Soon Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
To identify genes responding to the cholesterol-rich diet, differentially expressed hepatic genes have been searched from a diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbit by differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR). Among the many screened genes, Rab7 gene was shown to be distinctively up-regulated in response to the cholesterol-loading into the rabbit. To visualize the location of elevated Rab7 expression in tissues, patterns of the gene expression were monitored within hepatic and aortic tissues by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The expression of Rab7 was obviously increased in the hepatic tissues, especially in the endothelial cells and hepatocytes around central veins of the high cholesterol-fed rabbit, compared to the tissues from rabbit fed a normal diet. To find out a potential relationship between the Rab7 and the atherogenesis, the same experiments were conducted with the atherosclerotic plaques obtained from rabbit and human. The elevated expression of Rab7 gene was clearly evident in both tissues, suggesting that the Rab7 may be involved in the process of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Jeon SM, Bok SH, Jang MK, Kim YH, Nam KT, Jeong TS, Park YB, Choi MS. Comparison of antioxidant effects of naringin and probucol in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 317:181-90. [PMID: 11814474 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the strong evidence on the involvement of active oxygen species in a variety of disorders, the role of antioxidants against oxidative stress has recently received increased attention. METHODS Twenty male rabbits were served a high-cholesterol (HC, 5 g/kg diet) diet or high-cholesterol diet supplemented with naringin (0.5 g/kg diet) or probucol (0.5 g/kg diet) for 8 weeks to compare the antioxidative effects of the citrus bioflavonoid (naringin) and antioxidative cholesterol-lowering drug (probucol). RESULTS The plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) concentration was not significantly different between the groups, whereas the hepatic TBARS concentration was significantly lower in the probucol group than in both normal and HC control or naringin group. Probucol and naringin supplementation led to an increase in the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and a decrease in the hepatic mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content compared to the HC-control group. However, there was no difference in the cytosolic H(2)O(2) content or cytosolic glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the liver between the groups. Both naringin and probucol supplements significantly increased the plasma vitamin E concentration compared to the HC-control group. As regards the antioxidant enzyme gene expressions, naringin significantly increased the expression of three antioxidant enzyme mRNAs compared to the HC-control group, whereas probucol significantly increased the only SOD mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The probucol supplement was very potent in the antioxidative defense system, whereas naringin exhibited a comparable antioxidant capacity based on increasing the gene expressions in the antioxidant enzymes, while also increasing the hepatic SOD and CAT activities, sparing plasma vitamin E, and decreasing the hepatic mitochondrial H(2)O(2) content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, 702-701, Taegu, South Korea
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Cho SY, Park JY, Park EM, Choi MS, Lee MK, Jeon SM, Jang MK, Kim MJ, Park YB. Alternation of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by supplementation of dandelion water extract. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 317:109-17. [PMID: 11814465 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dandelion water extract (DWE), an herbal medication, may have an effect on the activity and mRNA expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and lipid profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into nondiabetic (control), diabetic, and diabetic-DWE-supplemented groups. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (55 mg/kg BW, i.p.) in a citrate buffer. The extract was supplemented in 2.4 g of a DWE/kg diet. RESULTS The DWE supplement significantly decreased the serum glucose concentration in the diabetic rats. The hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities significantly increased and the GSH-Px activity decreased in the diabetic rats, compared with the control group. When the DWE supplement was given to the diabetic rats, the antioxidant enzyme activity reverted to near-control values. However, there was no difference in the mRNA expression concentrations of these enzymes between the groups. With regard to the hepatic lipid peroxidation product, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the nondiabetic group. However, the DWE supplement lowered the hepatic MDA concentration in the diabetic-induced rats. The DWE supplement also lowered the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the serum and hepatic tissue, while increasing the serum HDL-cholesterol in the diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS A DWE supplement can improve the lipid metabolism and is beneficial in preventing diabetic complications from lipid peroxidation and free radicals in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeul Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan 712-749, South Korea
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Lee MK, Cho SY, Jang JY, Cho MS, Jeon SM, Jang MK, Kim MJ, Park YB. Effects of Puerariae Flos and Puerariae Radix extracts on antioxidant enzymes in ethanol-treated rats. Am J Chin Med 2002; 29:343-54. [PMID: 11527076 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x01000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of Puerariae Flos (PF) and Puerariae Radix (PR) water extracts on the activities and mRNA expression of three hepatic antioxidant enzymes in ethanol-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, a control, ethanol-treated, ethanol plus PF-treated, and ethanol plus PR-treated group with seven rats per group. Ethanol (25 % v/v, 5 g/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 5 weeks. The PF and PR water extracts were supplemented in a diet based on 1.2 g of raw PF or PR/kg body weight/day. Ethanol administration without the PF or PR supplement significantly lowered the activities of hepatic Cu/Zn SOD and catalase (CAT), whereas it increased the hepatic GSH-Px activity. However, the PF and PR supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the Cu/Zn SOD and/or CAT activities and a significant decrease in the GSH-Px activity in the ethanol-treated rats. The mRNA levels of these antioxidant enzymes in the ethanol-treated rats were normalized to the control level by the PF or PR supplement. The hepatic glutathione content, which was significantly lower in the ethanol-treated group than in the control group, was also normalized to the control level by supplementing with either PF or PR. The PF or PR supplement resulted in lowering the hepatic malondialdehyde to the control level in the ethanol-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Abstract
The consumption of a cholesterol-enriched diet increases the degree of lipid peroxidation, which is one of the early processes of atherosclerosis. The aim of this trial was to determine the antioxidative effects of the citrus bioflavonoid, naringin, a potent cholesterol-lowering agent, compared to the cholesterol-lowering drug, lovastatin, in rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet. Male rabbits were served a high-cholesterol (0.5%, w/w) diet or high-cholesterol diet supplemented with either naringin (0.5% cholesterol, 0.05% naringin, w/w) or lovastatin (0.5% cholesterol, 0.03% lovastatin, w/w) for 8 weeks to determine the plasma and hepatic lipid peroxide, plasma vitamin A and E levels, and hepatic hydrogen peroxide levels, along with the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions. Only the lovastatin group showed significantly lower plasma and hepatic lipid peroxide levels compared to the control group. The naringin supplementation significantly increased the activities of both hepatic SOD and catalase by 33% and 20%, respectively, whereas the lovastatin supplementation only increased the catalase activity by 23% compared to control group. There was no difference in the GSH-Px activities between the various groups. Content of H2O2 in hepatic mitochondria was significantly lower in groups supplemented with lovastatin and naringin than in control group. However, there was no difference in cytosolic H2O2 content in liver between groups. The concentration of plasma vitamin E was significantly increased by the naringin supplementation. When comparing the antioxidant enzyme gene expression, the mRNA expression of SOD, catalase and GSH-Px was significantly up-regulated in the naringin-supplemented group. Accordingly, these results would appear to indicate that naringin, a citrus bioflavonoid, plays an important role in regulating antioxidative capacities by increasing the SOD and catalase activities, up-regulating the gene expressions of SOD, catalase, and GSH-Px, and protecting the plasma vitamin E. In contrast, lovastatin exhibited an inhibitory effect on the plasma and hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased the hepatic catalase activity in high-cholesterol fed rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jeon
- Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KIST, Yusong, Taejon
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