1
|
Barosova R, Baranovicova E, Hanusrichterova J, Mokra D. Metabolomics in Animal Models of Bronchial Asthma and Its Translational Importance for Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:459. [PMID: 38203630 PMCID: PMC10779398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is an extremely heterogenous chronic respiratory disorder with several distinct endotypes and phenotypes. These subtypes differ not only in the pathophysiological changes and/or clinical features but also in their response to the treatment. Therefore, precise diagnostics represent a fundamental condition for effective therapy. In the diagnostic process, metabolomic approaches have been increasingly used, providing detailed information on the metabolic alterations associated with human asthma. Further information is brought by metabolomic analysis of samples obtained from animal models. This article summarizes the current knowledge on metabolomic changes in human and animal studies of asthma and reveals that alterations in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle found in the animal studies resemble, to a large extent, the changes found in human patients with asthma. The findings indicate that, despite the limitations of animal modeling in asthma, pre-clinical testing and metabolomic analysis of animal samples may, together with metabolomic analysis of human samples, contribute to a novel way of personalized treatment of asthma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Barosova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Juliana Hanusrichterova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Ma T, Wang X, Bai W, Wang X. Associations between HT, BMI, and allergic rhinitis in perimenopausal women. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:107. [PMID: 38115026 PMCID: PMC10729323 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that hormone therapy (HT) and obesity exert an influence on allergic rhinitis (AR). It is important to investigate the association and interactions between HT, BMI, and AR in perimenopausal women. METHODS From May 2020 to March 2021, a cross-sectional survey was completed by patients who visited the Allergy Department and Gynecology Department of Shijitan Hospital. The patients completed a questionnaire and stratified analyses by BMI in tertiles were performed. Logistic analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between HT, BMI, and AR. RESULTS A total of 950 patients completed the study, among which, 393 patients were receiving HT. HT was found to be associated with increased risks for AR (OR = 1.51 [95% CI: 1.151-1.985]), asthma (OR = 3.61 [95% CI: 2.21-5.89]), and their accompanying symptoms (OR = 3.54 [95% CI: 2.146-5.831]). In lean women, the use of HT was significantly associated with a higher risks for AR (OR = 2.26 [95% CI: 1.31-3.91]), the time course of AR (OR = 2.54 [95% CI: 1.37-4.74]), hay fever (OR = 2.54 [95% CI: 1.37-4.74]), and accompanying symptoms (including canker sores, diarrhea, and stomachache) (OR = 2.26 [95% CI: 1.309-3.907]) when compared to normal or heavier weight women (course of AR: pinteraction = 0.032; hay fever; pinteraction = 0.006; accompanying symptoms: pinteraction = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS HT can reduce the risk for AR in perimenopausal women. Lean women who used HT were at a higher risk for AR when compared to overweight women who used AR. There exists an interaction between HT and BMI that influences AR. Furthermore, HT and obesity increase the risk for AR by some common pathways, more follow-up work is needed to explore common pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Wenpei Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Gao L, Meng H, Zhang A, Liang Y, Lu J. Obesity alters immunopathology in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13638. [PMID: 37724622 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and is strongly associated with multiple immunological diseases, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent animal studies revealed that obesity-induced immunological changes worsen immune-driven diseases and cause resistance to immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the role of obesity in the immunopathology and treatment responses of cancers, respiratory and allergic diseases, and IL-17-mediated inflammatory diseases. We summarize the unique features of the inflammatory state of these diseases, which are orchestrated by obesity. In particular, obesity alters the immune landscape in cancers with a reprogrammed metabolic profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Obesity exacerbates airway inflammation by dysregulating multiple immune-cell subsets. Obesity also dysregulates Th17, IL-17-producing mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), and γδ T cells, which contribute to IL-17-mediated inflammatory response in multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. By identifying the effects of obesity on immunological diseases, new strategies could be devised to target immune dysregulation caused by obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shailesh H, Janahi IA. Role of Obesity in Inflammation and Remodeling of Asthmatic Airway. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070948. [PMID: 35888038 PMCID: PMC9317357 DOI: 10.3390/life12070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered as an important risk factor for the onset of asthma and plays a key role in enhancing the disease's severity. Obese asthmatic individuals represent a distinct phenotype of asthma that is associated with additional symptoms, more severe exacerbation, decreased response to standard medication, and poor quality of life. Obesity impairs the function of the lung airway in asthmatic individuals, leading to increased inflammation and severe remodeling of the bronchus; however, the molecular events that trigger such changes are not completely understood. In this manuscript, we review the current findings from studies that focused on understanding the role of obesity in modulating the functions of airway cells, including lung immune cells, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, leading to airway inflammation and remodeling. Finally, the review sheds light on the current knowledge of different therapeutic approaches for treating obese asthmatic individuals. Given the fact that the prevalence of asthma and obesity has been increasing rapidly in recent years, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the disease pathophysiology of obese asthmatic individuals for developing novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim A. Janahi
- Department of Medical Education, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-40032201
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Asthma is chronic eosinophilic bronchitis with the dominancy of T helper 2 (Th2) inflammation. However, patients with asthma and metabolic dysfunction have pathogenic and pathological differences from those with Th2 inflammation. Metabolic dysfunction, typically presented as metabolic syndrome, has several important clinical components including central obesity, insulin resistance or glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and vitamin D deficiency. Data from large epidemiological studies support the significance of these components in the control of asthma and their contribution to airway remodeling, suggesting the presence of an asthma phenotype with metabolic dysfunction. These components are quite interactive with each other, so it is difficult to reveal the individual role of each. It is well known that asthma is difficult to treat in patients with obesity, due in part to inadequate response to inhaled corticosteroids. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance have been regarded as aggravating factors of asthma control and airway remodeling. Recent clinical and in vivo studies have revealed the specific mechanisms of these components, which may aggravate asthma control and airway remodeling. In this review article, I summarize the recent studies and unmet needs for patients with asthma and metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Park
- Institute for Allergy & Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim BK, Song WJ, Seo B, Kim JY, Kim SH, Jang HC, Kim KW, Chang YS. Retinol-binding protein-4 was associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens in the elderly population. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:447-455. [PMID: 33045798 PMCID: PMC7969066 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent evidence suggests an association between allergic sensitization and metabolic markers. However, this association has rarely been examined in the elderly. Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) is a recently identified adipokine that acts on the muscle and liver affecting insulin sensitivity. We evaluated the association between metabolic parameters and allergic sensitization in the elderly. METHODS We analysed the database of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging cohort study conducted during 2005 to 2006. Atopy was identified by inhalant allergen skin prick test. Metabolic conditions were assessed using anthropometric indices and serum biomarkers such as fasting glucose, lipid, adiponectin, and RBP-4. RESULTS Among the 854 elderly subjects, 17.2% had atopy. Plasma RBP-4 levels were significantly higher in the atopic elderly than nonatopic elderly (p = 0.003). When RBP-4 percentiles were categorized as under three groups, the prevalence of atopy and current rhinitis increased significantly with percentiles of RBP-4 levels (p = 0.019 and p = 0.007, respectively). Log RBP-4 was associated with atopy (odds ratio [OR], 4.10; p = 0.009) and current rhinitis (OR, 2.73; p = 0.014), but not with current asthma (OR, 1.17; p = 0.824). Higher RBP-4 level in atopic elderly was also observed in current rhinitis patients. Atopy, but not current rhinitis, showed significant relationships with log RBP-4 levels in multivariate analyses adjusted for other metabolic markers including body mass index. CONCLUSION RBP-4 positively associated with atopy in the general elderly population irrespective of other metabolic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bomi Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak C. Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Yoon-Seok Chang, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7023, Fax: +82-31-787-4052, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crosstalk Among Circadian Rhythm, Obesity and Allergy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051884. [PMID: 32164209 PMCID: PMC7084300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock system works not only as a cellular time-keeper but also as a coordinator for almost all physiological functions essential to maintaining human health. Therefore, disruptions or malfunctions of this system can cause many diseases and pre-symptomatic conditions. Indeed, previous studies have indicated that disrupted clock gene expression rhythm is closely related to obesity, and that allergic diseases can be regulated by controlling peripheral clocks in organs and tissues. Moreover, recent studies have found that obesity can lead to immune disorders. Accordingly, in this review, we assess the connection between obesity and allergy from the point of view of the circadian clock system anew and summarize the relationships among the circadian clock system, obesity, and allergy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Maternal Obesity in Mice Exacerbates the Allergic Inflammatory Response in the Airways of Male Offspring. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122902. [PMID: 31805682 PMCID: PMC6950392 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It was previously demonstrated that non-allergen-sensitized rodents born to mothers exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) spontaneously develop lower respiratory compliance and higher respiratory resistance. In the present study, we sought to determine if mice born to mothers consuming HFD would exhibit changes in inflammatory response and lung remodeling when subjected to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization/challenge in adult life. Mice born to dams consuming either HFD or standard chow had increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α and TGF-β1 after challenge with OVA. IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels were further increased in the offspring of HFD-fed mothers. Mice born to obese dams also had exacerbated values of leukocyte infiltration in lung parenchyma, eosinophil and neutrophil counts in BAL, mucus overproduction and collagen deposition. The programming induced by maternal obesity was accompanied by increased expression of miR-155 in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and reduced miR-133b in trachea and lung tissue in adult life. Altogether, the present data support the unprecedented notion that the progeny of obese mice display exacerbated responses to sensitization/challenge with OVA, leading to the intensification of the morphological changes of lung remodeling. Such changes are likely to result from long-lasting changes in miR-155 and miR-133b expression.
Collapse
|
9
|
Schröder T, Wiese AV, Ender F, Quell KM, Vollbrandt T, Duhn J, Sünderhauf A, Künstner A, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Derer S, Aherrahrou Z, Lewkowich I, Divanovic S, Sina C, Köhl J, Laumonnier Y. Short-term high-fat diet feeding protects from the development of experimental allergic asthma in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1245-1257. [PMID: 31265181 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A close association between obesity and asthma has been described. The nature of this association remains elusive, especially with respect to allergic asthma. Controversial findings exist regarding the impact of short-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on the development of allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE To delineate the impact of short-term HFD feeding on the development of experimental allergic asthma. METHODS Female C57BL/6JRJ mice were fed with a short-term HFD or chow diet (CD) for 12 weeks. Allergic asthma was induced by intraperitoneal OVA/alum sensitization followed by repeated OVA airway challenges. We determined airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation by histologic and flow cytometric analysis of immune cells. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of HFD on dendritic cell (DC)-mediated activation of T cells. RESULTS Female mice showed a mild increase in body weight accompanied by mild metabolic alterations. Upon OVA challenge, CD-fed mice developed strong AHR and airway inflammation, which were markedly reduced in HFD-fed mice. Mucus production was similar in both treatment groups. OVA-induced increases in DC and CD4+ T-cell recruitment to the lungs were significantly attenuated in HFD-fed mice. MHC-II expression and CD40 expression in pulmonary CD11b+ DCs were markedly lower in HFD-fed compared to CD-fed mice, which was associated in vivo with a decreased T helper (Th) 1/17 differentiation and Treg formation without impacting Th2 differentiation. CONCLUSIONS/CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings suggest that short-term HFD feeding attenuates the development of AHR, airway inflammation, pulmonary DC recruitment and MHC-II/CD40 expression leading to diminished Th1/17 but unchanged Th2 differentiation. Thus, short-term HFD feeding and associated metabolic alterations may have protective effects in allergic asthma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schröder
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna V Wiese
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fanny Ender
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina M Quell
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tillman Vollbrandt
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Cell Analysis Core Facility, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jannis Duhn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annika Sünderhauf
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Group of Medical Systems Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smoothy J, Larcombe AN, Chivers EK, Matthews VB, Gorman S. Maternal high fat diet compromises survival and modulates lung development of offspring, and impairs lung function of dams (female mice). Respir Res 2019; 20:21. [PMID: 30700289 PMCID: PMC6354360 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have identified strong relationships between maternal obesity and offspring respiratory dysfunction; however, the causal direction is not known. We tested whether maternal obesity alters respiratory function of offspring in early life. Methods Female C57Bl/6 J mice were fed a high or low fat diet prior to and during two rounds of mating and resulting pregnancies with offspring lung function assessed at 2 weeks of age. The lung function of dams was measured at 33 weeks of age. Results A high fat diet caused significant weight gain prior to conception with dams exhibiting elevated fasting glucose, and glucose intolerance. The number of surviving litters was significantly less for dams fed a high fat diet, and surviving offspring weighed more, were longer and had larger lung volumes than those born to dams fed a low fat diet. The larger lung volumes significantly correlated in a linear fashion with body length. Pups born from the second pregnancy had reduced tissue elastance compared to pups born from the first pregnancy, regardless of the dam’s diet. As there was reduced offspring survival born to dams fed a high fat diet, the statistical power of lung function measures of offspring was limited. There were signs of increased inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dams (but not offspring) fed a high fat diet, with more tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin(IL)-5, IL-33 and leptin detected. Dams that were fed a high fat diet and became pregnant twice had reduced fasting glucose immediately prior to the second mating, and lower levels of IL-33 and leptin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusions While maternal high fat diet compromised litter survival, it also promoted somatic and lung growth (increased lung volume) in the offspring. Further studies are required to examine downstream effects of this enhanced lung volume on respiratory function in disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Smoothy
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Emily K Chivers
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Vance B Matthews
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Everaere L, Ait Yahia S, Bouté M, Audousset C, Chenivesse C, Tsicopoulos A. Innate lymphoid cells at the interface between obesity and asthma. Immunology 2017; 153:21-30. [PMID: 28880992 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and asthma prevalence has dramatically and concomitantly increased over the last 25 years, and many epidemiological studies have highlighted obesity as an important risk factor for asthma. Although many studies have been performed, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Innate mechanisms have been involved in both diseases, in particular through the recently described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are subdivided into three groups that are defined by their cytokine production and by their master transcription factor expression, in sharp correlation with their T helper counterparts. However, unlike T helper cells, ILCs do not express antigen-specific receptors, but respond to damage-induced signals. ILCs have been found in target tissues of both diseases, and data have implicated these cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases. In particular group 2 ILCs (ILC2) are activated in both the adipose and lung tissues under the effect of interleukin-33 and interleukin-25 expression. However, counter-intuitively to the well-known association between obesity and asthma, ILC2 are beneficial for obesity but deleterious for asthma. This review will examine the roles of ILCs in each disease and recent data highlighting ILCs as a putative link between obesity and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Everaere
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Saliha Ait Yahia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mélodie Bouté
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Audousset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires et Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Chenivesse
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires et Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires et Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dixon AE, Poynter ME. Mechanisms of Asthma in Obesity. Pleiotropic Aspects of Obesity Produce Distinct Asthma Phenotypes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:601-8. [PMID: 26886277 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0017ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with severe or difficult-to-control asthma in the United States are obese. Epidemiological studies have clearly established that obese patients tend to have worse asthma control and increased hospitalizations and do not respond to standard controller therapy as well as lean patients with asthma. Less clear are the mechanistic underpinnings for the striking clinical differences between lean and obese patients with asthma. Because obesity is principally a disorder of metabolism and energy regulation, processes fundamental to the function of every cell and system within the body, it is not surprising that it affects the respiratory system; it is perhaps surprising that it has taken so long to appreciate how dysfunctional metabolism and energy regulation lead to severe airway disease. Although early investigations focused on identifying a common factor in obesity that could promote airway disease, an appreciation has emerged that the asthma of obesity is a manifestation of multiple anomalies related to obesity affecting all the different pathways that cause asthma, and likely also to de novo airway dysfunction. Consequently, all the phenotypes of asthma currently recognized in lean patients (which are profoundly modified by obesity), as well as those unique to one's obesity endotype, likely contribute to obese asthma in a particular individual. This perspective reviews what we have learned from clinical studies and animal models about the phenotypes of asthma in obesity, which show how specific aspects of obesity and altered metabolism might lead to de novo airway disease and profoundly modify existing airway disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wypych TP, Marsland BJ. Diet Hypotheses in Light of the Microbiota Revolution: New Perspectives. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060537. [PMID: 28538698 PMCID: PMC5490516 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
From an evolutionary standpoint, allergy has only recently emerged as a significant health problem. Various hypotheses were proposed to explain this, but they all indicated the importance of rapid lifestyle changes, which occurred in industrialized countries in the last few decades. In this review, we discuss evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies that indicate changes in dietary habits may have played an important role in this phenomenon. Based on the example of dietary fiber, we discuss molecular mechanisms behind this and point towards the importance of diet-induced changes in the microbiota. Finally, we reason that future studies unraveling mechanisms governing these changes, along with the development of better tools to manipulate microbiota composition in individuals will be crucial for the design of novel strategies to combat numerous inflammatory disorders, including atopic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wypych
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silva FMC, Oliveira EE, Gouveia ACC, Brugiolo ASS, Alves CC, Correa JOA, Gameiro J, Mattes J, Teixeira HC, Ferreira AP. Obesity promotes prolonged ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation modulating T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 immune responses in BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:47-59. [PMID: 28263381 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that obesity affects the development and phenotype of asthma by inducing inflammatory mechanisms in addition to eosinophilic inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of obesity on allergic airway inflammation and T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses using an experimental model of asthma in BALB/c mice. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), and analyses were performed at 24 and 48 h after the last OVA challenge. Obesity induced an increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-expressing macrophages and neutrophils which peaked at 48 h after the last OVA challenge, and was associated with higher levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-9, IL-17A, leptin and interferon (IFN)-γ in the lungs. Higher goblet cell hyperplasia was associated with elevated mast cell influx into the lungs and trachea in the obese allergic mice. In contrast, early eosinophil influx and lower levels of IL-25, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), CCL11 and OVA-specific immunoglobulin (IgE) were observed in the obese allergic mice in comparison to non-obese allergic mice. Moreover, obese mice showed higher numbers of mast cells regardless of OVA challenge. These results indicate that obesity affects allergic airway inflammation through mechanisms involving mast cell influx and the release of TSLP and IL-25, which favoured a delayed immune response with an exacerbated Th1, Th2 and Th17 profile. In this scenario, an intense mixed inflammatory granulocyte influx, classically activated macrophage accumulation and intense mucus production may contribute to a refractory therapeutic response and exacerbate asthma severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M C Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - E E Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - A C C Gouveia
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - A S S Brugiolo
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - C C Alves
- Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Medicial School do Mucuri, FAMMUC, São Paulo, MG, Brazil
| | - J O A Correa
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - J Gameiro
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - J Mattes
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - H C Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - A P Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen YC, Chih AH, Chen JR, Liou TH, Pan WH, Lee YL. Rapid adiposity growth increases risks of new-onset asthma and airway inflammation in children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1035-1041. [PMID: 28286341 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We aim to (1) examine the influence of long-term adiposity status/short-term adiposity changes on asthma with high or low fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and (2) to determine the differences in long-term adiposity status/short-term adiposity changes on atopy, airway inflammation and pulmonary function. SUBJECTS/METHODS We recruited 2450 fourth- to sixth-grade children from the nationwide Taiwan Children Health Study. Data regarding various adiposity indicators, atopic status, pulmonary function tests and asthma outcomes were collected annually. New-onset asthma was stratified by airway inflammation status using FeNO. The generalized estimating equation was used for analyzing longitudinal relationships between long-term adiposity status/short-term adiposity changes and new-onset asthma. Individual adiposity growth slopes were obtained using a hierarchical linear model to establish the relationships between short-term adiposity changes and asthma among children with high airway inflammation. RESULTS We found long-term adiposity status predicted childhood asthma with low FeNO, whereas short-term adiposity changes may increase risks of childhood asthma with high FeNO. Long-term adiposity status reduced pulmonary function, whereas short-term adiposity increase were associated with atopic diseases and airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-induced asthma could be mediated by high or low airway inflammation, depending on the velocity of increase in adiposity. Rapid adiposity growth may increase risks of childhood asthma and airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Chen
- Taipei City Hospital, ZhongXing Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A-H Chih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Health Center, Office of Student Affairs, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-R Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-H Liou
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-H Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y L Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Byberg KK, Eide GE, Forman MR, Júlíusson PB, Øymar K. Body mass index and physical activity in early childhood are associated with atopic sensitization, atopic dermatitis and asthma in later childhood. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:33. [PMID: 27559467 PMCID: PMC4995660 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The results of studies on the associations of childhood excessive weight/obesity and physical activity with atopic sensitization and atopic diseases are inconsistent. We studied the associations of anthropometry and physical activity in childhood with atopic sensitization and atopic diseases in late childhood. Methods In a cohort study including cases exposed to preeclampsia during pregnancy and controls, anthropometry and physical activity were assessed at several ages in 617 children. Associations with atopic sensitization and atopic diseases in late childhood were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results Body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) at 1 year and low physical activity at 3–6 years were positively associated with atopic sensitization at 12.8 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.22; 95 % confidence interval (1.00, 1.49) and OR 2.36; (1.15, 4.81), respectively]. Change in BMI SDS from 1 to 4 years, BMI SDS at 4 years, and high physical activity at 6–10 years were positively associated with atopic dermatitis by 10.8 years [OR 1.46; (1.11, 1.92); OR 1.32; (1.06, 1.65) and OR 1.94; (1.16, 3.24); respectively]. Low physical activity at 3–6 and 6–10 years were positively associated with asthma by 10.8 years [OR 3.61; (1.56, 8.36) and OR 2.52; (1.24, 5.12), respectively]. Conclusions BMI and physical activity in early childhood were associated with atopic sensitization, atopic dermatitis and asthma in later childhood. Larger cohorts with repeated measurements of both predictors and outcomes are required to further elucidate this issue. Trial registration Our study was observational without any clinical intervention on the participants. Therefore, no trial registration number is available Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0124-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Kjer Byberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, POB 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michele R Forman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Human Ecology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Øymar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, POB 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway ; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahangari F, Sood A, Ma B, Takyar S, Schuyler M, Qualls C, Dela Cruz CS, Chupp GL, Lee CG, Elias JA. Chitinase 3-like-1 regulates both visceral fat accumulation and asthma-like Th2 inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:746-57. [PMID: 25629580 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201405-0796oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Obesity, especially truncal obesity, is a risk factor for asthma incidence, prevalence, and severity. Chitinase 3-like-1 (Chi3l1) is an evolutionarily conserved moiety that plays a critical role in antipathogen and Th2 responses. However, the mechanisms that underlie the association between asthma and obesity and the role(s) of Chi3l1 in fat accumulation have not been defined. OBJECTIVES To determine whether Chi3l1 is regulated by a high-fat diet (HFD) and simultaneously plays an important role(s) in the pathogenesis of asthma and obesity. METHODS We evaluated the regulation of Chi3l1 by an HFD and Th2 inflammation. We also used genetically modified mice to define the roles of Chi3l1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation and Th2 inflammation and blockers of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) to define its roles in these responses. Finally, the human relevance of these findings was assessed with a case-control study involving obese and lean control subjects and those with asthma. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS These studies demonstrate that an HFD and aeroallergen challenge augment the expression of WAT and pulmonary Chi3l1. Chi3l1 also played a critical role in WAT accumulation and lung Th2 inflammation. In addition, Chi3l1 inhibited Sirt1 expression, and the deficient visceral fat and Th2 responses in Chi3l1 null mice were reversed by Sirt1 inhibition. Finally, serum and sputum Chi3l1 were positively associated with truncal adiposity, and serum Chi3l1 was associated with persistent asthma and low lung function in obese subjects with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Chi3l1 is induced by an HFD and Th2 inflammation, and simultaneously contributes to the genesis of obesity and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida Ahangari
- 1 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Han YY, Forno E, Celedón JC. Adiposity, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and asthma in U.S. children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:32-9. [PMID: 24922361 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0565oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Whether allergic airway inflammation mediates the association between overweight or obesity and childhood asthma is unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine adiposity, asthma, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in U.S. children. METHODS Cross-sectional study of indicators of adiposity or obesity, FeNO (a biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation), and asthma in 2,681 children aged 6-17 years in the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Adiposity measures included body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), and waist circumference (WC). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS BMI, PBF, and WC were associated with asthma among children with low FeNO (odds ratio, 1.54-1.68; P < 0.01), but not among children with increased FeNO. Among children without asthma, BMI, PBF, and WC were associated with higher FEV1 and FVC, and lower FEV1/FVC. Among children with asthma and a high FeNO, all adiposity indicators were associated with decreased FEV1/FVC (β = -1.5% to -1.7% per z score) but not with FEV1 or FVC. Higher BMI or PBF was associated with worse asthma severity or control in children with asthma and increased FeNO, but not in children with asthma and low FeNO. Similar results were obtained in a secondary multivariate analysis of overweight or obesity (defined as BMI ≥85th percentile) and asthma or indicators of asthma severity or control, stratified by FeNO level. CONCLUSIONS Adiposity indicators are associated with asthma in children with low FeNO. Among children with asthma, adiposity indicators are associated with worse asthma severity or control in those with high FeNO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Forno E, Acosta-Pérez E, Brehm JM, Han YY, Alvarez M, Colón-Semidey A, Canino G, Celedón JC. Obesity and adiposity indicators, asthma, and atopy in Puerto Rican children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1308-14, 1314.e1-5. [PMID: 24290290 PMCID: PMC4013276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether adiposity indicators other than body mass index (BMI) should be used in studies of childhood asthma is largely unknown. The role of atopy in "obese asthma" is also unclear. OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship among adiposity indicators, asthma, and atopy in Puerto Rican children, and to assess whether atopy mediates the obesity-asthma association. METHODS In a study of Puerto Rican children with (n = 351) and without (n = 327) asthma, we measured BMI, percent of body fat, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. The outcomes studied included asthma, lung function, measures of atopy, and, among cases, indicators of asthma severity or control. We performed mediation analysis to assess the contribution of atopy to the relationship between adiposity and asthma. RESULTS BMI, percent of body fat, and waist circumference were associated with increased odds of asthma. Among cases, all 3 measures were generally associated with lung function, asthma severity/control, and atopy; however, there were differences depending on the adiposity indicator analyzed. Atopy considerably mediated the adiposity-asthma association in this population: allergic rhinitis accounted for 22% to 53% of the association with asthma, and sensitization to cockroach mediated 13% to 20% of the association with forced vital capacity and 29% to 42% of the association with emergency department visits for asthma. CONCLUSIONS Adiposity indicators are associated with asthma, asthma severity/control, and atopy in Puerto Rican children. Atopy significantly mediates the effect of adiposity on asthma outcomes. Longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate the causal role, if any, of adiposity distribution and atopy on "obese asthma" in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - John M Brehm
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - María Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Angel Colón-Semidey
- Department of Pediatrics, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Department of Pediatrics, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jung SH, Kwon JM, Shim JW, Kim DS, Jung HL, Park MS, Park SH, Lee J, Lee WY, Shim JY. Effects of diet-induced mild obesity on airway hyperreactivity and lung inflammation in mice. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:1430-7. [PMID: 24142648 PMCID: PMC3809850 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.6.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity has been suggested to be linked to asthma. However, it is not yet known whether obesity directly leads to airway hyperreactivity (AHR) or obesity-induced airway inflammation associated with asthma. We investigated obesity- related changes in adipokines, AHR, and lung inflammation in a murine model of asthma and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed mouse models of chronic asthma via ovalbumin (OVA)-challenge and of obesity by feeding a high-fat diet, and then performed the methacholine bronchial provocation test, and real-time PCR for leptin, leptin receptor, adiponectin, adiponectin receptor (adipor1 and 2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF) β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α in lung tissue. We also measured cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS Both obese and lean mice chronically exposed to OVA developed eosinophilic lung inflammation and AHR to methacholine. However, obese mice without OVA challenge did not develop AHR or eosinophilic inflammation in lung tissue. In obese mice, lung mRNA expressions of leptin, leptin receptor, VEGF, TGF, and TNF were enhanced, and adipor1 and 2 expressions were decreased compared to mice in the control group. On the other hand, there were no differences between obese mice with or without OVA challenge. CONCLUSION Diet-induced mild obesity may not augment AHR or eosinophilic lung inflammation in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-746, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|