1
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Delgado M, Garcia-Sanz JA. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies against Cancer: Present and Future. Cells 2023; 12:2837. [PMID: 38132155 PMCID: PMC10741644 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential against cancer have been generated and developed. Ninety-one are currently used in the clinics, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or other antibodies, including immune checkpoint antibodies. These advances helped to coin the term personalized medicine or precision medicine. However, it seems evident that in addition to the current work on the analysis of mechanisms to overcome drug resistance, the use of different classes of antibodies (IgA, IgE, or IgM) instead of IgG, the engineering of the Ig molecules to increase their half-life, the acquisition of additional effector functions, or the advantages associated with the use of agonistic antibodies, to allow a broad prospective usage of precision medicine successfully, a strategy change is required. Here, we discuss our view on how these strategic changes should be implemented and consider their pros and cons using therapeutic antibodies against cancer as a model. The same strategy can be applied to therapeutic antibodies against other diseases, such as infectious or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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2
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Spicer J, Basu B, Montes A, Banerji U, Kristeleit R, Miller R, Veal GJ, Corrigan CJ, Till SJ, Figini M, Canevari S, Barton C, Jones P, Mellor S, Carroll S, Selkirk C, Nintos G, Kwatra V, Funingana IG, Doherty G, Gould HJ, Pellizzari G, Nakamura M, Ilieva KM, Khiabany A, Stavraka C, Chauhan J, Gillett C, Pinder S, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Karagiannis SN. Safety and anti-tumour activity of the IgE antibody MOv18 in patients with advanced solid tumours expressing folate receptor-alpha: a phase I trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4180. [PMID: 37491373 PMCID: PMC10368744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All antibodies approved for cancer therapy are monoclonal IgGs but the biology of IgE, supported by comparative preclinical data, offers the potential for enhanced effector cell potency. Here we report a Phase I dose escalation trial (NCT02546921) with the primary objective of exploring the safety and tolerability of MOv18 IgE, a chimeric first-in-class IgE antibody, in patients with tumours expressing the relevant antigen, folate receptor-alpha. The trial incorporated skin prick and basophil activation tests (BAT) to select patients at lowest risk of allergic toxicity. Secondary objectives were exploration of anti-tumour activity, recommended Phase II dose, and pharmacokinetics. Dose escalation ranged from 70 μg-12 mg. The most common toxicity of MOv18 IgE is transient urticaria. A single patient experienced anaphylaxis, likely explained by detection of circulating basophils at baseline that could be activated by MOv18 IgE. The BAT assay was used to avoid enrolling further patients with reactive basophils. The safety profile is tolerable and maximum tolerated dose has not been reached, with evidence of anti-tumour activity observed in a patient with ovarian cancer. These results demonstrate the potential of IgE therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Bristi Basu
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Montes
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | - Gareth J Veal
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher J Corrigan
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Till
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mariangela Figini
- ANP2, Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claire Barton
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
- Barton Oncology Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
- UCB Pharma Ltd., Slough, UK
| | - Sarah Mellor
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Simon Carroll
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Chris Selkirk
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - George Nintos
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vineet Kwatra
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ionut-Gabriel Funingana
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gary Doherty
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Pinder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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3
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Chauhan J, Grandits M, Palhares LCGF, Mele S, Nakamura M, López-Abente J, Crescioli S, Laddach R, Romero-Clavijo P, Cheung A, Stavraka C, Chenoweth AM, Sow HS, Chiaruttini G, Gilbert AE, Dodev T, Koers A, Pellizzari G, Ilieva KM, Man F, Ali N, Hobbs C, Lombardi S, Lionarons DA, Gould HJ, Beavil AJ, Geh JLC, MacKenzie Ross AD, Healy C, Calonje E, Downward J, Nestle FO, Tsoka S, Josephs DH, Blower PJ, Karagiannis P, Lacy KE, Spicer J, Karagiannis SN, Bax HJ. Anti-cancer pro-inflammatory effects of an IgE antibody targeting the melanoma-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2192. [PMID: 37185332 PMCID: PMC10130092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes for half of patients with melanoma remain poor despite standard-of-care checkpoint inhibitor therapies. The prevalence of the melanoma-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) expression is ~70%, therefore effective immunotherapies directed at CSPG4 could benefit many patients. Since IgE exerts potent immune-activating functions in tissues, we engineer a monoclonal IgE antibody with human constant domains recognizing CSPG4 to target melanoma. CSPG4 IgE binds to human melanomas including metastases, mediates tumoricidal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and stimulates human IgE Fc-receptor-expressing monocytes towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes. IgE demonstrates anti-tumor activity in human melanoma xenograft models engrafted with human effector cells and is associated with enhanced macrophage infiltration, enriched monocyte and macrophage gene signatures and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. IgE prolongs the survival of patient-derived xenograft-bearing mice reconstituted with autologous immune cells. No ex vivo activation of basophils in patient blood is measured in the presence of CSPG4 IgE. Our findings support a promising IgE-based immunotherapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Melanie Grandits
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lais C G F Palhares
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jacobo López-Abente
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Pablo Romero-Clavijo
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alicia M Chenoweth
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Amy E Gilbert
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tihomir Dodev
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander Koers
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Niwa Ali
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sara Lombardi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Guy's and St. Thomas' Oncology & Haematology Clinical Trials (OHCT), Cancer Centre at Guy's, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniël A Lionarons
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jenny L C Geh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Skin Tumour Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Eduardo Calonje
- Dermatopathology Department, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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4
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Poli A, Oudin A, Muller A, Salvato I, Scafidi A, Hunewald O, Domingues O, Nazarov PV, Puard V, Baus V, Azuaje F, Dittmar G, Zimmer J, Michel T, Michelucci A, Niclou SP, Ollert M. Allergic airway inflammation delays glioblastoma progression and reinvigorates systemic and local immunity in mice. Allergy 2023; 78:682-696. [PMID: 36210648 DOI: 10.1111/all.15545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous patient-based studies have highlighted the protective role of immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic diseases on glioblastoma (GBM) susceptibility and prognosis. However, the mechanisms behind this observation remain elusive. Our objective was to establish a preclinical model able to recapitulate this phenomenon and investigate the role of immunity underlying such protection. METHODS An immunocompetent mouse model of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) was initiated before intracranial implantation of mouse GBM cells (GL261). RAG1-KO mice served to assess tumor growth in a model deficient for adaptive immunity. Tumor development was monitored by MRI. Microglia were isolated for functional analyses and RNA-sequencing. Peripheral as well as tumor-associated immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. The impact of allergy-related microglial genes on patient survival was analyzed by Cox regression using publicly available datasets. RESULTS We found that allergy establishment in mice delayed tumor engraftment in the brain and reduced tumor growth resulting in increased mouse survival. AAI induced a transcriptional reprogramming of microglia towards a pro-inflammatory-like state, uncovering a microglia gene signature, which correlated with limited local immunosuppression in glioma patients. AAI increased effector memory T-cells in the circulation as well as tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T-cells. The survival benefit conferred by AAI was lost in mice devoid of adaptive immunity. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that AAI limits both tumor take and progression in mice, providing a preclinical model to study the impact of allergy on GBM susceptibility and prognosis, respectively. We identify a potentiation of local and adaptive systemic immunity, suggesting a reciprocal crosstalk that orchestrates allergy-induced immune protection against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Poli
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Neuro-Immunology Group, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- Department of Cancer Research, NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Bioinformatics Platform, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Ilaria Salvato
- Department of Cancer Research, NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Neuro-Immunology Group, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Oliver Hunewald
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Bioinformatics Platform, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Vincent Puard
- Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, RPPA platform, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Baus
- Department of Cancer Research, NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Bioinformatics Platform, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Bioinformatics Platform, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tatiana Michel
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Neuro-Immunology Group, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Department of Cancer Research, NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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5
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Vukovic N, Halabi S, Russo-Cabrera JS, Blokhuis B, Berraondo P, Redegeld FAM, Zaiss DMW. A Human IgE bispecific antibody shows potent cytotoxic capacity mediated by monocytes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102153. [PMID: 35718062 PMCID: PMC9293656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) targeting two different antigens opens a new level of specificity and, compared to mAbs, improved clinical efficacy in cancer therapy. Currently, the different strategies for development of bsAbs primarily focus on IgG isotypes. Nevertheless, in comparison to IgG isotypes, IgE has been shown to offer superior tumor control in preclinical models. Therefore, in order to combine the promising potential of IgE molecules with increased target selectivity of bsAbs, we developed dual tumor-associated antigen-targeting bispecific human IgE antibodies. As proof of principle, we used two different pairing approaches - knobs-into-holes and leucine zipper–mediated pairing. Our data show that both strategies were highly efficient in driving bispecific IgE formation, with no undesired pairings observed. Bispecific IgE antibodies also showed a dose-dependent binding to their target antigens, and cell bridging experiments demonstrated simultaneous binding of two different antigens. As antibodies mediate a major part of their effector functions through interaction with Fc receptors (FcRs) expressed on immune cells, we confirmed FcεR binding by inducing in vitro mast cell degranulation and demonstrating in vitro and in vivo monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against target antigen-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that the IgE bsAb construct was significantly more efficient in mediating antibody-dependent cell toxicity than its IgG1 counterpart. In conclusion, we describe the successful development of first bispecific IgE antibodies with superior antibody-dependent cell toxicity–mediated cell killing in comparison to IgG bispecific antibodies. These findings highlight the relevance of IgE-based bispecific antibodies for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Vukovic
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samer Halabi
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joan Salvador Russo-Cabrera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bart Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank A M Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Dietmar M W Zaiss
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Immune Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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6
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Clinical and Translational Significance of Basophils in Patients with Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030438. [PMID: 35159247 PMCID: PMC8833920 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite comprising a very small proportion of circulating blood leukocytes, basophils are potent immune effector cells. The high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcɛRI) is expressed on the basophil cell surface and powerful inflammatory mediators such as histamine, granzyme B, and cytokines are stored in dense cytoplasmic granules, ready to be secreted in response to a range of immune stimuli. Basophils play key roles in eliciting potent effector functions in allergic diseases and type 1 hypersensitivity. Beyond allergies, basophils can be recruited to tissues in chronic and autoimmune inflammation, and in response to parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. While their activation states and functions can be influenced by Th2-biased inflammatory signals, which are also known features of several tumor types, basophils have received little attention in cancer. Here, we discuss the presence and functional significance of basophils in the circulation of cancer patients and in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Interrogating publicly available datasets, we conduct gene expression analyses to explore basophil signatures and associations with clinical outcomes in several cancers. Furthermore, we assess how basophils can be harnessed to predict hypersensitivity to cancer treatments and to monitor the desensitization of patients to oncology drugs, using assays such as the basophil activation test (BAT).
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7
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Man F, Koers A, Karagiannis P, Josephs DH, Bax HJ, Gilbert AE, Dodev TS, Mele S, Chiarruttini G, Crescioli S, Chauhan J, Blower JE, Cooper MS, Spicer J, Karagiannis SN, Blower PJ. In vivo trafficking of a tumor-targeting IgE antibody: molecular imaging demonstrates rapid hepatobiliary clearance compared to IgG counterpart. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1966970. [PMID: 34513315 PMCID: PMC8425638 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1966970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE antibodies elicit powerful immune responses, recruiting effector cells to tumors more efficiently and with greater cytotoxicity than IgG antibodies. Consequently, IgE antibodies are a promising alternative to conventional IgG-based therapies in oncology (AllergoOncology). As the pharmacokinetics of IgE antibodies are less well understood, we used molecular imaging in mice to compare the distribution and elimination of IgE and IgG antibodies targeting the human tumor-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4). Anti-CSPG4 IgE and IgG1 antibodies with human Fc domains were radiolabeled with 111In. CSPG4-expressing A375 human melanoma xenografts implanted in NOD-scid IL2rg-/- mice were also engrafted with human immune cells by intravenous administration. 111In-anti-CSPG4 antibodies were administered intravenously. Their distribution was determined by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and ex vivo gamma-counting over 120 h. SPECT imaging was conducted from 0 to 60 min after antibody administration to precisely measure the early phase of IgE distribution. 111In-labeled anti-CSPG4 IgG and IgE showed serum stability in vitro of >92% after 5 days. In A375 xenograft-bearing mice, anti-CSPG4 IgE showed much faster blood clearance and higher accumulation in the liver compared to anti-CSPG4 IgG. However, tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were similar between the antibody isotypes and higher compared with a non-tumor-targeting isotype control IgE. IgE excretion was much faster than IgG. In non-tumor-bearing animals, early SPECT imaging revealed a blood clearance half-life of 10 min for IgE. Using image-based quantification, we demonstrated that the blood clearance of IgE is much faster than that of IgG while the two isotypes showed comparable tumor-to-blood ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Koers
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J. Bax
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Amy E. Gilbert
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tihomir S. Dodev
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, Asthma UK Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Chiarruttini
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Julia E. Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret S. Cooper
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy’s, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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8
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Pellizzari G, Martinez O, Crescioli S, Page R, Di Meo A, Mele S, Chiaruttini G, Hoinka J, Batruch I, Prassas I, Grandits M, López-Abente J, Bugallo-Blanco E, Ward M, Bax HJ, French E, Cheung A, Lombardi S, Figini M, Lacy KE, Diamandis EP, Josephs DH, Spicer J, Papa S, Karagiannis SN. Immunotherapy using IgE or CAR T cells for cancers expressing the tumor antigen SLC3A2. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002140. [PMID: 34112739 PMCID: PMC8194339 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies can benefit from selection of new targets with high levels of tumor specificity and from early assessments of efficacy and safety to derisk potential therapies. Methods Employing mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, immuno-mass spectrometry and CRISPR/Cas9 we identified the target of the tumor-specific SF-25 antibody. We engineered IgE and CAR T cell immunotherapies derived from the SF-25 clone and evaluated potential for cancer therapy. Results We identified the target of the SF-25 clone as the tumor-associated antigen SLC3A2, a cell surface protein with key roles in cancer metabolism. We generated IgE monoclonal antibody, and CAR T cell immunotherapies each recognizing SLC3A2. In concordance with preclinical and, more recently, clinical findings with the first-in-class IgE antibody MOv18 (recognizing the tumor-associated antigen Folate Receptor alpha), SF-25 IgE potentiated Fc-mediated effector functions against cancer cells in vitro and restricted human tumor xenograft growth in mice engrafted with human effector cells. The antibody did not trigger basophil activation in cancer patient blood ex vivo, suggesting failure to induce type I hypersensitivity, and supporting safe therapeutic administration. SLC3A2-specific CAR T cells demonstrated cytotoxicity against tumor cells, stimulated interferon-γ and interleukin-2 production in vitro. In vivo SLC3A2-specific CAR T cells significantly increased overall survival and reduced growth of subcutaneous PC3-LN3-luciferase xenografts. No weight loss, manifestations of cytokine release syndrome or graft-versus-host disease, were detected. Conclusions These findings identify efficacious and potentially safe tumor-targeting of SLC3A2 with novel immune-activating antibody and genetically modified cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pellizzari
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Olivier Martinez
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Robert Page
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Ashley Di Meo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Jan Hoinka
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ihor Batruch
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Grandits
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Jacobo López-Abente
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | | | | | - Heather J Bax
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Elise French
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sara Lombardi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Biomarker Unit, Dipartimento di Ricerca Applicata e Sviluppo Tecnologico (DRAST), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sophie Papa
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK .,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
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9
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Mast Cells and Skin and Breast Cancers: A Complicated and Microenvironment-Dependent Role. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050986. [PMID: 33922465 PMCID: PMC8146516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important sentinel cells in host defense against infection and major effector cells in allergic disease. The role of these cells in cancer settings has been widely debated. The diverse range of mast cell functions in both immunity and tissue remodeling events, such as angiogenesis, provides multiple opportunities for mast cells to modify the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we consider both skin and breast cancer settings to address the controversy surrounding the importance of mast cells in the host response to tumors. We specifically address the key mediators produced by mast cells which impact tumor development. The role of environmental challenges in modifying mast cell responses and opportunities to modify mast cell responses to enhance anti-tumor immunity are also considered. While the mast cell's role in many cancer contexts is complicated and poorly understood, the activities of these tissue resident and radioresistant cells can provide important opportunities to enhance anti-cancer responses and limit cancer development.
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10
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Vukovic N, van Elsas A, Verbeek JS, Zaiss DMW. Isotype selection for antibody-based cancer therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:351-365. [PMID: 33155272 PMCID: PMC7874837 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy, as it has enabled the successful treatment of previously untreatable types of cancer. Different mechanisms play a role in the anti-tumour effect of mAbs. These include blocking of tumour-specific growth factor receptors or of immune modulatory molecules as well as complement and cell-mediated tumour cell lysis. Thus, for many mAbs, Fc-mediated effector functions critically contribute to the efficacy of treatment. As immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes differ in their ability to bind to Fc receptors on immune cells as well as in their ability to activate complement, they differ in the immune responses they activate. Therefore, the choice of antibody isotype for therapeutic mAbs is dictated by its intended mechanism of action. Considering that clinical efficacy of many mAbs is currently achieved only in subsets of patients, optimal isotype selection and Fc optimization during antibody development may represent an important step towards improved patient outcome. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the therapeutic effector functions of different isotypes and Fc-engineering strategies to improve mAbs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Vukovic
- Institute of Immunology and Infection ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghAshworth LaboratoriesEdinburghUK
| | | | - J. S. Verbeek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToin University of YokohamaYokohamaJapan
| | - D. M. W. Zaiss
- Institute of Immunology and Infection ResearchSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghAshworth LaboratoriesEdinburghUK
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11
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Williams IP, Crescioli S, Sow HS, Bax HJ, Hobbs C, Ilieva KM, French E, Pellizzari G, Cox V, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN, Mele S. In vivo safety profile of a CSPG4-directed IgE antibody in an immunocompetent rat model. MAbs 2021; 12:1685349. [PMID: 31769737 PMCID: PMC6927758 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1685349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE monoclonal antibodies hold great potential for cancer therapy. Preclinical in vivo systems, particularly those in which the antibody recognizes the host species target antigen and binds to cognate Fc receptors, are often the closest approximation to human exposure and represent a key challenge for evaluating the safety of antibody-based therapies. We sought to develop an immunocompetent rat system to assess the safety of a rodent anti-tumor IgE, as a surrogate for the human therapeutic candidate. We generated a rat IgE against the human tumor-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) and cross-reactive for the rat antigen. We analyzed CSPG4 distribution in normal rat and human tissues and investigated the in vivo safety of the antibody by monitoring clinical signs and molecular biomarkers after systemic administration to immunocompetent rats. Human and rat CSPG4 expression in normal tissues were comparable. Animals receiving antibody exhibited transient mild to moderate adverse events accompanied by mild elevation of serum tryptase, but not of angiotensin II or cytokines implicated in allergic reactions or cytokine storm. In the long term, repeated antibody administration was well tolerated, with no changes in animal body weight, liver and kidney functions or blood cell counts. This model provides preclinical support for the safety profiling of IgE therapeutic antibodies. Due to the comparable antigen tissue distribution in human and rat, this model may also comprise an appropriate tool for proof-of-concept safety evaluations of different treatment approaches targeting CSPG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan P Williams
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Elise French
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Vivienne Cox
- IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy`s Hospital, London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK.,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, Guy`s Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
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12
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Nakamura M, Souri EA, Osborn G, Laddach R, Chauhan J, Stavraka C, Lombardi S, Black A, Khiabany A, Khair DO, Figini M, Winship A, Ghosh S, Montes A, Spicer JF, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Lacy KE, Tsoka S, Karagiannis SN. IgE Activates Monocytes from Cancer Patients to Acquire a Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3376. [PMID: 33203088 PMCID: PMC7698027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE contributes to host-protective functions in parasitic and bacterial infections, often by monocyte and macrophage recruitment. We previously reported that monocytes contribute to tumour antigen-specific IgE-mediated tumour growth restriction in rodent models. Here, we investigate the impact of IgE stimulation on monocyte response, cellular signalling, secretory and tumour killing functions. IgE cross-linking on human monocytes with polyclonal antibodies to mimic formation of immune complexes induced upregulation of co-stimulatory (CD40, CD80, CD86), and reduced expression of regulatory (CD163, CD206, MerTK) monocyte markers. Cross-linking and tumour antigen-specific IgE antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of cancer cells by cancer patient-derived monocytes triggered release of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNFα, MCP-1, IL-10, CXCL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23). High intratumoural gene expression of these mediators was associated with favourable five-year overall survival in ovarian cancer. IgE cross-linking of trimeric FcεRI on monocytes stimulated the phosphorylation of intracellular protein kinases widely reported to be downstream of mast cell and basophil tetrameric FcεRI signalling. These included recently-identified FcεRI pathway kinases Fgr, STAT5, Yes and Lck, which we now associate with monocytes. Overall, anti-tumour IgE can potentiate pro-inflammatory signals, and prime tumour cell killing by human monocytes. These findings will inform the development of IgE monoclonal antibody therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mano Nakamura
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
| | - Elmira Amiri Souri
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK; (E.A.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Gabriel Osborn
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK; (E.A.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Sara Lombardi
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Anna Black
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Duaa O. Khair
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Biomarker Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Winship
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Montes
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - James F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK; (E.A.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (M.N.); (G.O.); (R.L.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (A.K.); (D.O.K.); (H.J.B.); (D.H.J.); (K.E.L.)
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
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13
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IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040055. [PMID: 33081206 PMCID: PMC7709114 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in allergic diseases and for contributions to antiparasitic immune responses. Properties of this antibody class that mediate powerful effector functions may be redirected for the treatment of solid tumours. This has led to the rise of a new class of therapeutic antibodies to complement the armamentarium of approved tumour targeting antibodies, which to date are all IgG class. The perceived risk of type I hypersensitivity reactions following administration of IgE has necessitated particular consideration in the development of these therapeutic agents. Here, we bring together the properties of IgE antibodies pivotal to the hypothesis for superior antitumour activity compared to IgG, observations of in vitro and in vivo efficacy and mechanisms of action, and a focus on the safety considerations for this novel class of therapeutic agent. These include in vitro studies of potential hypersensitivity, selection of and observations from appropriate in vivo animal models and possible implications of the high degree of glycosylation of IgE. We also discuss the use of ex vivo predictive and monitoring clinical tools, as well as the risk mitigation steps employed in, and the preliminary outcomes from, the first-in-human clinical trial of a candidate anticancer IgE therapeutic.
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14
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Bax HJ, Khiabany A, Stavraka C, Pellizzari G, Chan Wah Hak C, Robinson A, Ilieva KM, Woodman N, Naceur‐Lombardelli C, Gillett C, Pinder S, Gould HJ, Corrigan CJ, Till SJ, Katugampola S, Barton C, Winship A, Ghosh S, Montes A, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Basophil activation test in cancer patient blood evaluating potential hypersensitivity to an anti-tumor IgE therapeutic candidate. Allergy 2020; 75:2069-2073. [PMID: 32086828 PMCID: PMC7581190 DOI: 10.1111/all.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Bax
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical OncologyGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Charleen Chan Wah Hak
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical OncologyGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Alexandra Robinson
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kristina M. Ilieva
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy’s Cancer CentreKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Natalie Woodman
- King’s Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cristina Naceur‐Lombardelli
- King’s Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- King’s Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sarah Pinder
- King’s Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Hannah J. Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsSchool of Basic and Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Asthma UK CentreAllergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christopher J. Corrigan
- Asthma UK CentreAllergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy and School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen J. Till
- Asthma UK CentreAllergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy and School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Claire Barton
- Centre for Drug DevelopmentCancer Research UKLondonUK
- Barton Oncology LtdEastcoteUK
| | - Anna Winship
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical OncologyGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical OncologyGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Ana Montes
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical OncologyGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical OncologyGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - James F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical OncologyGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy’s Cancer CentreKing’s College LondonLondonUK
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15
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Pellizzari G, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Gotovina J, Jensen-Jarolim E, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Harnessing Therapeutic IgE Antibodies to Re-educate Macrophages against Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:615-626. [PMID: 32470387 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, IgG is the only class of antibodies employed for cancer therapy. However, harnessing the unique biological properties of a different class ( e.g., IgE) could engender potent effector cell activation, and unleash previously untapped immune mechanisms against cancer. IgE antibodies are best known for pathogenic roles in allergic diseases and for protective effector functions against parasitic infestation, often mediated by IgE Fc receptor-expressing macrophages. Notably, IgE possess a very high affinity for cognate Fc receptors expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This paper reviews pre-clinical studies, which indicate control of cancer growth by tumor antigen-specific IgE that recruit and re-educate TAMs towards activated profiles. The clinical development harnessing the antitumor potential of recombinant IgE antibodies in cancer patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jelena Gotovina
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
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16
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Ilieva KM, Fazekas‐Singer J, Bax HJ, Crescioli S, Montero‐Morales L, Mele S, Sow HS, Stavraka C, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Steinkellner H, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Tutt ANJ, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology: Expression platform development and functional profiling of an anti-HER2 IgE antibody. Allergy 2019; 74:1985-1989. [PMID: 30964550 PMCID: PMC6817356 DOI: 10.1111/all.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Ilieva
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's Cancer CentreLondonUK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Judit Fazekas‐Singer
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Laura Montero‐Morales
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's HopsitalLondonUK
| | - James F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's HopsitalLondonUK
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andrew N. J. Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's Cancer CentreLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreInstitute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's Cancer CentreLondonUK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
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17
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AllergoOncology: High innate IgE levels are decisive for the survival of cancer-bearing mice. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100044. [PMID: 31388397 PMCID: PMC6669725 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atopics have a lower risk for malignancies, and IgE targeted to tumors is superior to IgG in fighting cancer. Whether IgE-mediated innate or adaptive immune surveillance can confer protection against tumors remains unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate the effects of active and passive immunotherapy to the tumor-associated antigen HER-2 in three murine models differing in Epsilon-B-cell-receptor expression affecting the levels of expressed IgE. Methods We compared the levels of several serum specific anti-HER-2 antibodies (IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgA) and the survival rates in low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice lacking the transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain of Epsilon-B-cell-receptors expressing reduced IgE levels, high-IgE KN1 mice expressing chimeric Epsilon-Gamma1-B-cell receptors with 4-6-fold elevated serum IgE levels, and wild type (WT) BALB/c. Prior engrafting mice with D2F2/E2 mammary tumors overexpressing HER-2, mice were vaccinated with HER-2 or vehicle control PBS using the Th2-adjuvant Al(OH)3 (active immunotherapy), or treated with the murine anti-HER-2 IgG1 antibody 4D5 (passive immunotherapy). Results Overall, among the three strains of mice, HER-2 vaccination induced significantly higher levels of HER-2 specific IgE and IgG1 in high-IgE KN1, while low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice had higher IgG2a levels. HER-2 vaccination and passive immunotherapy prolonged the survival in tumor-grafted WT and low-IgE ΔM1M2 strains compared with treatment controls; active vaccination provided the highest benefit. Notably, untreated high-IgE KN1 mice displayed the longest survival of all strains, which could not be further extended by active or passive immunotherapy. Conclusion Active and passive immunotherapies prolong survival in wild type and low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice engrafted with mammary tumors. High-IgE KN1 mice have an innate survival benefit following tumor challenge.
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Key Words
- ADCC, Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
- ADCP, Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis
- AllergoOncology
- BCR, B-Cell Receptor
- Cancer vaccine
- HER-2
- HER-2, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2, ErbB-2
- IgA, Immunoglobulin A
- IgE
- IgE, Immunoglobulin E
- IgG, Immunoglobulin G
- Onco-immunology
- TAA, Tumor-Associated Antigen
- WT, wild type
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18
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Pellizzari G, Hoskin C, Crescioli S, Mele S, Gotovina J, Chiaruttini G, Bianchini R, Ilieva K, Bax HJ, Papa S, Lacy KE, Jensen-Jarolim E, Tsoka S, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. IgE re-programs alternatively-activated human macrophages towards pro-inflammatory anti-tumoural states. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:67-81. [PMID: 30956175 PMCID: PMC6562024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody Fc-driven engagement of macrophages is critical for evoking cellular activation and effector functions and influencing tumour-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment. We previously reported that IgE class antibodies promote restriction of cancer growth in rodent models associated with significant TAM infiltration. However, the human macrophage-associated IgE-Fc Receptor (FcεR) axis remains unexplored. We investigated the effects of anti-tumour IgE stimulation on human macrophage activation. METHODS Human blood monocyte-differentiated quiescent (M0), classically-(M1) and alternatively-(M2) activated macrophages were crosslinked with IgE and polyclonal antibodies to mimic immune complex formation. We examined surface marker expression, cytokine secretion, protein kinase phosphorylation and gene expression in IgE-stimulated macrophages and IgE antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumour cells. FINDINGS A proportion (40%) of M2 and (<20%) M0 and M1 macrophages expressed the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI. IgE crosslinking triggered upregulation of co-stimulatory CD80, increased TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-10, IL-13, CXCL9, CXCL11 and RANTES secretion by M0 and M2 and additionally enhanced MCP-1 by M2 macrophages. IgE-stimulated M1 macrophages retained secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IgE crosslinking enhanced the FcεRI-dependent signalling pathway, including phosphorylation of the Lyn kinase, ERK1/2 and p38 in M2 macrophages and upregulated Lyn gene expression by M1 and M2 macrophages. Anti-tumour IgE engendered ADCC of cancer cells by all macrophage subsets. INTERPRETATION IgE can engage and re-educate alternatively-activated macrophages towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes and prime all subsets to mediate anti-tumour functions. This points to IgE-mediated cascades with potential to activate immune stroma and may be significant in the clinical development of strategies targeting tumour-resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Coran Hoskin
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London WC2B 4BG, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Gotovina
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Department of Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Department of Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Papa
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, Department of Medical Oncology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Department of Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London WC2B 4BG, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, Department of Medical Oncology, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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19
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Nakamura M, Bax HJ, Scotto D, Souri EA, Sollie S, Harris RJ, Hammar N, Walldius G, Winship A, Ghosh S, Montes A, Spicer JF, Van Hemelrijck M, Josephs DH, Lacy KE, Tsoka S, Karagiannis SN. Immune mediator expression signatures are associated with improved outcome in ovarian carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1593811. [PMID: 31069161 PMCID: PMC6492968 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1593811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune and inflammatory cascades may play multiple roles in ovarian cancer. We aimed to identify relationships between expression of immune and inflammatory mediators and patient outcomes. We interrogated differential gene expression of 44 markers and marker combinations (n = 1,978) in 1,656 ovarian carcinoma patient tumors, alongside matched 5-year overall survival (OS) data in silico. Using machine learning methods, we investigated whether genomic expression of these 44 mediators can discriminate between malignant and non-malignant tissues in 839 ovarian cancer and 115 non-malignant ovary samples. We furthermore assessed inflammation markers in 289 ovarian cancer patients’ sera in the Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality-related RISk (AMORIS) cohort. Expression of the 44 mediators could discriminate between malignant and non-malignant tissues with at least 96% accuracy. Higher expression of classical Th1, Th2, Th17, anti-parasitic/infection and M1 macrophage mediator signatures were associated with better OS. Contrastingly, inflammatory and angiogenic mediators, CXCL-12, C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA) were negatively associated with OS. Of the serum inflammatory markers in the AMORIS cohort, women with ovarian cancer who had elevated levels of haptoglobin (≥1.4 g/L) had a higher risk of dying from ovarian cancer compared to those with haptoglobin levels <1.4 g/L (HR = 2.09, 95% CI:1.38–3.16). Our findings indicate that elevated “classical” immune mediators, associated with response to pathogen antigen challenge, may confer immunological advantage in ovarian cancer, while inflammatory markers appear to have negative prognostic value. These highlight associations between immune protection, inflammation and clinical outcomes, and offer opportunities for patient stratification based on secretome markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Scotto
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elmira Amiri Souri
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Sollie
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, UK
| | - Robert J Harris
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Goran Walldius
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Winship
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ana Montes
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, UK.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Sutton BJ, Davies AM, Bax HJ, Karagiannis SN. IgE Antibodies: From Structure to Function and Clinical Translation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E19. [PMID: 31544825 PMCID: PMC6640697 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in mediating allergic reactions, and their powerful effector functions activated through binding to Fc receptors FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23. Structural studies of IgE-Fc alone, and when bound to these receptors, surprisingly revealed not only an acutely bent Fc conformation, but also subtle allosteric communication between the two distant receptor-binding sites. The ability of IgE-Fc to undergo more extreme conformational changes emerged from structures of complexes with anti-IgE antibodies, including omalizumab, in clinical use for allergic disease; flexibility is clearly critical for IgE function, but may also be exploited by allosteric interference to inhibit IgE activity for therapeutic benefit. In contrast, the power of IgE may be harnessed to target cancer. Efforts to improve the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies for cancer have almost exclusively focussed on IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, but IgE offers an extremely high affinity for FcεRI receptors on immune effector cells known to infiltrate solid tumours. Furthermore, while tumour-resident inhibitory Fc receptors can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, no inhibitory IgE Fc receptors are known to exist. The development of tumour antigen-specific IgE antibodies may therefore provide an improved immune functional profile and enhanced anti-cancer efficacy. We describe proof-of-concept studies of IgE immunotherapies against solid tumours, including a range of in vitro and in vivo evaluations of efficacy and mechanisms of action, as well as ex vivo and in vivo safety studies. The first anti-cancer IgE antibody, MOv18, the clinical translation of which we discuss herein, has now reached clinical testing, offering great potential to direct this novel therapeutic modality against many other tumour-specific antigens. This review highlights how our understanding of IgE structure and function underpins these exciting clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Heather J Bax
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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21
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Farran B, Pavitra E, Kasa P, Peela S, Rama Raju GS, Nagaraju GP. Folate-targeted immunotherapies: Passive and active strategies for cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 45:45-52. [PMID: 30770191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The glycoprotein FRα is a membrane-attached transport protein that is shielded from the immune system in healthy cells. However, it is upregulated in various malignancies, involved in cancer development and is also immunogenic. Furthermore, FRα is a tumor-associated antigen endowed with unique properties, thus rendering it a suitable target for immunotherapeutic development in cancer. Various anti- FRα immunotherapeutic strategies are thus currently being developed and clinically assessed for the treatment of various solid tumors. These approaches include passive anti-FRα immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, or active immunotherapies, such as CART, folate haptens and vaccines. In this review, we will explore the advances in the field of FRα-based immune therapies and discuss both their successes and shortcomings in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Farran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eluri Pavitra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Prameswari Kasa
- Dr. LV Prasad Diagnostics and Research Laboratory, Khairtabad, Hyderabad, 500004, India
| | - Sujatha Peela
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, 532410, India
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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22
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Josephs DH, Nakamura M, Bax HJ, Dodev TS, Muirhead G, Saul L, Karagiannis P, Ilieva KM, Crescioli S, Gazinska P, Woodman N, Lombardelli C, Kareemaghay S, Selkirk C, Lentfer H, Barton C, Canevari S, Figini M, Downes N, Dombrowicz D, Corrigan CJ, Nestle FO, Jones PS, Gould HJ, Blower PJ, Tsoka S, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. An immunologically relevant rodent model demonstrates safety of therapy using a tumour-specific IgE. Allergy 2018; 73:2328-2341. [PMID: 29654623 PMCID: PMC6492130 DOI: 10.1111/all.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Designing biologically informative models for assessing the safety of novel agents, especially for cancer immunotherapy, carries substantial challenges. The choice of an in vivo system for studies on IgE antibodies represents a major impediment to their clinical translation, especially with respect to class-specific immunological functions and safety. Fcε receptor expression and structure are different in humans and mice, so that the murine system is not informative when studying human IgE biology. By contrast, FcεRI expression and cellular distribution in rats mirror that of humans. METHODS We are developing MOv18 IgE, a human chimeric antibody recognizing the tumour-associated antigen folate receptor alpha. We created an immunologically congruent surrogate rat model likely to recapitulate human IgE-FcεR interactions and engineered a surrogate rat IgE equivalent to MOv18. Employing this model, we examined in vivo safety and efficacy of antitumour IgE antibodies. RESULTS In immunocompetent rats, rodent IgE restricted growth of syngeneic tumours in the absence of clinical, histopathological or metabolic signs associated with obvious toxicity. No physiological or immunological evidence of a "cytokine storm" or allergic response was seen, even at 50 mg/kg weekly doses. IgE treatment was associated with elevated serum concentrations of TNFα, a mediator previously linked with IgE-mediated antitumour and antiparasitic functions, alongside evidence of substantially elevated tumoural immune cell infiltration and immunological pathway activation in tumour-bearing lungs. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate safety of MOv18 IgE, in conjunction with efficacy and immune activation, supporting the translation of this therapeutic approach to the clinical arena.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Folate Receptor 1/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin E/adverse effects
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/therapeutic use
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Mice
- Models, Animal
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- D. H. Josephs
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - H. J. Bax
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - T. S. Dodev
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Muirhead
- Department of InformaticsFaculty of Natural and Mathematical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - L. Saul
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - K. M. Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's Cancer CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. Gazinska
- Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's Cancer CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
- King's Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - N. Woodman
- King's Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Lombardelli
- King's Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Kareemaghay
- King's Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Selkirk
- Biotherapeutics Development UnitCancer Research UKSouth MimmsUK
| | - H. Lentfer
- Biotherapeutics Development UnitCancer Research UKSouth MimmsUK
| | - C. Barton
- Centre for Drug DevelopmentCancer Research UKLondonUK
| | - S. Canevari
- Department of Applied Research and Technology DevelopmentFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumouriMilanItaly
| | - M. Figini
- Department of Applied Research and Technology DevelopmentFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumouriMilanItaly
| | | | - D. Dombrowicz
- CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleInsermUniv. LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. J. Corrigan
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - F. O. Nestle
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Research AreaSanofi USCambridgeMAUSA
| | - P. S. Jones
- Centre for Drug DevelopmentCancer Research UKLondonUK
| | - H. J. Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. J. Blower
- Imaging Chemistry & BiologyDivision of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringSt. Thomas's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Tsoka
- Department of InformaticsFaculty of Natural and Mathematical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. N. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's Cancer CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
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