1
|
Turner MJ, Boatwright D, Evans AL, Garip G, Chandler C, Chadha NJ, Wood AG. University makes me angry: Investigating stimulus-response (S-R) and cognitive-mediation (C-M) emotion beliefs in undergraduate students. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294777. [PMID: 38354205 PMCID: PMC10866505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal is well-studied, but less so are the predispositional and superordinate beliefs that influence reappraisal. Recently, researchers developed the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQ), which measures two emotion beliefs, namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. In working populations S-R generation beliefs are inversely related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies and positive mental health, and positively related to emotion reactivity. C-M change beliefs are positively related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies, and inversely related to emotion reactivity and positive mental health. As yet, there is no evidence for the validity of the CMBQ within student samples, or for the associations between its subscales and cognitive reappraisal, emotion reactivity, and positive mental health. Therefore, in the present study the CMBQ is tested for factorial, convergent (associations with cognitive reappraisal), and concurrent (associations with emotion reactivity and positive mental health) validity in a cohort of 621 undergraduate students in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Results indicate support for the factorial and convergent validity of the CMBQ, with mixed evidence for the concurrent validity of the CMBQ. A CM-SR discrepancy score appeared to provide a promising variable when associated with emotion reactivity and positive mental health. The findings are discussed in terms of practical and research implications of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Boatwright
- Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Evans
- School of Health and Society, The University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gulcan Garip
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Chandler
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nanaki J. Chadha
- Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Wood
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao M, Kuan G, Zhou K, Musa RM, Majeed APPA, Kueh YC. Psychometric properties and gender invariance of the 8-item emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ-8) among Chinese university students. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296035. [PMID: 38166088 PMCID: PMC10760882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess emotion regulation strategies in a clear and direct manner, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was developed based on the process model of emotion regulation. ERQ primarily assesses an individual's propensity for reappraisal (a cognitive change in the individual's psychological state in specific situations) and expressive suppression (a regulatory response where an individual alters their emotional response after the onset of an emotional reaction). Recent studies have suggested that the abbreviated 8-item version of the ERQ exhibits comparable model fit to the original version. The present study aimed to explore the psychometric properties and assess cross-gender invariance of the ERQ-8 in Chinese university students. METHODS University students from Jiangsu Province participated in this study. Participants completed self-report surveys assessing emotion regulation strategies. It was conducted from May 2022 to July 2022. The study employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the two-factor model of ERQ-8 and measurement invariance across male and female samples. RESULTS The mean age of 1534 participants was 19.83 years (SD = 1.54), and the majority were female (70.4%). The initial ERQ-10 model with ten items demonstrated good fit for all indicators, CFI (Comparative Fit index) = 0.967, TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index) = 0.957, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0.043, SRMR (Standardised Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.029. However, to assess the fit of the previously proposed ERQ-8 model, two items (Q1 and Q3) were excluded. The fit of the ERQ-8 model was further improved (CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.984, RMSEA = 0.029, SRMR = 0.021). All item loadings exceeded or were equal to 0.573. Internal consistency analysis based on the ERQ-8 model revealed Cronbach's alpha values of 0.840 for reappraisal and 0.745 for suppression, and corresponding composite reliability (CR) values of 0.846 and 0.747, respectively. Test-retest reliability, assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (95% CI) within a one-week interval, ranged from 0.537 to 0.679. The correlation coefficient between the two factors was 0.084, significantly below 0.85, which suggested a low correlation between the two factors. The results of the invariance analysis across gender demonstrated that the values of ΔCFI and ΔTLI were both below 0.01. It was supported the gender invariance of the ERQ-8 among university students. CONCLUSION The eight-item ERQ demonstrated validity and reliability in evaluating emotion regulation strategies, and measurement invariance was observed across gender among university students. The ERQ-8 may prove to be a practical and cost-effective tool, particularly in time-constrained situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhao
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ke Zhou
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center of Henan University, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Rabiu Muazu Musa
- Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed
- School of Robotics, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colombo B, Hamilton A, Telazzi I, Balzarotti S. The relationship between cognitive reserve and the spontaneous use of emotion regulation strategies in older adults: a cross-sectional study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023:10.1007/s40520-023-02424-9. [PMID: 37142942 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies reported cognitive reserve (CR) as an important factor in promoting healthy aging within a non-clinical aging population. AIMS The main goal of the present study is to investigate the link between higher levels of CR and more effective emotion regulation. In more detail, we examine the association between a number of CR proxies and the habitual use of two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression. METHODS Three hundred and ten older adults aged between 60 and 75 (mean = 64.45, SD = 4.37; 69.4% female) joined this cross-sectional study by filling out self-report measures of CR and emotion regulation.² RESULTS: Reappraisal and suppression use were correlated. Practicing different leisure activities constantly over many years, being more original and having a higher education promoted more frequent use of cognitive reappraisal. These CR proxies were also significantly related to suppression use, even though the percentage of variance explained was lower. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Exploring the role played by the cognitive reserve on different emotion regulation techniques can be useful in understanding which variables predict the use of antecedent-focused (reappraisal) or response-focused (suppression) emotion regulation strategies in aging individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombo
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, 163 S Willard St, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Adam Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, 163 S Willard St, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Ilaria Telazzi
- Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Balzarotti
- Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
King Johnson ML, Roche AI, Markon K, Denburg NL. Emotion regulation in older adulthood: roles of executive functioning and social relationships. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:336-353. [PMID: 35057711 PMCID: PMC9296691 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2027331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although emotion regulation (ER) is often maintained or even enhanced in older adulthood, resources used to promote ER in later life are not well understood. The current study examined how executive functioning (EF) and social relationships are related to ER in older adults (N=90; Age: M=74.98, SD=5.41). Results showed associations between higher shifting performance (a behavioral index of EF) and higher use of cognitive reappraisal, an ER strategy. This effect was moderated by social relationships, such that those with lower shifting performance reported higher levels of reappraisal in the presence of positive social relationships. Positive social relationships were also associated with lower use of expressive suppression, another ER strategy. Additional analyses did not reveal associations between ER and other cognitive domains. These findings contribute to current understandings of how cognitive and social resources contribute to ER in older adulthood and provide important potential future research and intervention targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne I Roche
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristian Markon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Natalie L Denburg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Plys E, Jacobs ML, Allen RS, Arch JJ. Psychological flexibility in older adulthood: a scoping review. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:453-465. [PMID: 35168415 PMCID: PMC9376200 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2036948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological flexibility/inflexibility (PF/PI) is a core component of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) model, which is gaining more attention in the geropsychological literature. This scoping review examines the size and scope of the research on PF/PI in older adulthood related to age differences between older adult and younger samples, correlates relevant to psychological health, and changes with ACT. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Peer-reviewed articles available in English were included that: had a mean age ≥65 and a minimum age ≥60; and reported self-report measures of PF/PI. We categorized PF/PI into three domains: open, aware, and engaged. RESULTS Forty-six articles were included. Most studies measured open or aware domains; few measured the engaged domain. Older adults evidenced greater awareness compared to younger adults (9 of 13 analyses were significant). Openness and awareness consistently yielded medium to large correlations with anxiety and depression. PF/PI did not relate with positive affect and inconsistently correlated with quality of life measures. CONCLUSION Despite emerging trends, variability and limitations were evident in the literature. Specifically, measurement issues, lack of conceptual clarity, and the omission of values and behavioral measures require future attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Plys
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - M. Lindsey Jacobs
- Research and Development Service, Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama
| | - Rebecca S. Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, University of Alabama
| | - Joanna J. Arch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Colorado Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sardella A, Lenzo V, Basile G, Martino G, Quattropani MC. Emotion regulation strategies and difficulties in older adults: A systematic review. Clin Gerontol 2022; 46:280-301. [PMID: 36163629 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2128706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the types of emotion regulation (ER) strategies used and difficulties in emotion regulation experienced by older adults, within the theoretical frameworks proposed by Gross, and by Gratz and Roemer, respectively. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using principal electronic scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. RESULTS The final number of articles included was 44. Older adults reported a higher use of adaptive ER strategies, as well as fewer difficulties in ER, compared with younger adults. Findings from this review also suggest that the use of maladaptive ER strategies can also expose older adults to psychological distress, and may affect their adaptation to negative disease-related outcomes more common in later life. CONCLUSIONS Older adults generally showed a greater emotional control compared with younger subjects. Adaptive control strategies, rather than maladaptive control strategies, were correlated with more positive outcomes for psychological distress and adaptation to chronic diseases. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Understanding the nature of ER processes in older adults may contribute to implement tailored interventions aimed at reinforcing adaptive ER processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences of the Mediterranean Area, University for Foreigners "Dante Alighieri" of Reggio Calabria, Reggio, Italy
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brothers SL, Gereau MM, DesRuisseaux LA, Suchy Y. Reappraising cognitive reappraisal: The taxing impact of emotion regulation on executive functioning in older adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:1-14. [PMID: 36094061 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) are two common emotion regulation strategies that share similar cognitive and neural underpinnings. Prior research has consistently shown that recent engagement in ES (both self-reported and experimentally manipulated) is associated with subsequent temporary decrements in executive functioning (EF). Thus far, only one study has examined the association between CR and EF, with null results. However, that study was limited by examining only zero-order correlations and by assessing only the speed, not accuracy, of EF performance. The present study examined multivariate relationships among recent CR, recent ES, and EF (both speed and accuracy), as well as the potential impacts of more chronic engagements in, and trait-level preferences between, the two emotion regulation strategies. METHOD Participants were 201 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 93 who had participated in three separate studies examining the relationship between self-reported emotion regulation and EF. RESULTS Recent CR was associated with EF performance accuracy above and beyond chronic CR. Both recent CR and ES contributed to EF performance accuracy uniquely beyond each other and beyond chronic and preferred emotion regulation. CONCLUSIONS Both recent ES and CR appear to have a deleterious impact on EF performance accuracy, potentially due to utilization of similar resources; both should be accounted for when assessing emotion regulation and its impacts on EF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Brothers
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michelle M Gereau
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Yana Suchy
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gunn CK, Donahue JJ. Intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies and Schizotypic personality characteristics. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
9
|
Pfluger V, Rohner SL, Eising CM, Maercker A, Thoma MV. Internalizing Mental Health Disorders and Emotion Regulation: A Comparative and Mediational Study of Older Adults With and Without a History of Complex Trauma Exposure. Front Psychol 2022; 13:820345. [PMID: 35814079 PMCID: PMC9260226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with complex trauma exposure (CTE) in early life (i.e., childhood/adolescence) are at heightened risk for developing problems in various domains of functioning. As such, CTE has repeatedly been linked to internalizing mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, as well as emotion dysregulation across the lifespan. While these correlates of CTE are comparatively well studied up to middle adulthood, they are insufficiently studied in older adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) compare Swiss older adults with and without a CTE history regarding current and lifetime internalizing mental health disorders and emotion regulation strategies; and (b) to examine the potential mediating role of emotion regulation in the mental health disparities between these groups. A total of N = 257 participants (age = 49-95 years; 46.3% female) were assessed in a retrospective, cross-sectional study, using two face-to-face interviews. The CTE group (n = 161; M age = 69.66 years, 48.4% female) presented with significantly more current and lifetime internalizing mental health disorders than the non-affected (nCTE) group (n = 96; M age = 72.49 years, 42.7% female). The CTE group showed significantly higher emotion suppression and lower emotion reappraisal compared to the nCTE group. Mediation analysis revealed that the two emotion regulation strategies were significant mediators between CTE history and internalizing mental health disorders. Findings emphasize the relevance of emotion (dys-)regulation in understanding mental health disparities in older age and deciding about treatment strategies. Research and practice should pay more attention to the needs of this high-risk group of older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Pfluger
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shauna L. Rohner
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla M. Eising
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam V. Thoma
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mace RA, Popok PJ, Hopkins SW, Fishbein NS, Vranceanu AM. Adaptation and virtual feasibility pilot of a mindfulness-based lifestyle program targeting modifiable dementia risk factors in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:695-707. [PMID: 35100922 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2032600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We developed a group-based program (My Healthy Brain, MHB) to engage older adults at-risk for dementia in healthy lifestyles. We report on a two-part study to adapt MHB by incorporating mindfulness skills, using mobile health technology to monitor and reinforce behaviors, and delivering it via live video. METHODS Participants were older adults (age ≥ 60) with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and at least one lifestyle risk factor. In Aim 1 (n = 11, 2 groups), we conducted focus groups to obtain qualitative feedback on proposed adaptations. In Aim 2 (n = 10), we conducted a virtual open pilot with exit interviews to explore the feasibility and outcomes of the adapted MHB. RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed: (1) barriers and facilitators to healthy lifestyles, (2) positive impressions of MHB, (3) interest in mindfulness skills, and (4) openness to study technologies. MHB met a-priori feasibility benchmarks and was associated with improvements in cognition, lifestyle (e.g. physical function), and proposed mechanisms (e.g. mindfulness). Exit interviews confirmed high feasibility and satisfaction. CONCLUSION The integration of mindfulness, live video, and mobile health technologies was feasible and promising for improving healthier lifestyles. The results inform the next feasibility RCT of MHB to prepare for efficacy testing. UNLABELLED Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2032600.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Mace
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula J Popok
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah W Hopkins
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan S Fishbein
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wigham S, McKinnon I, Reid K, Milton D, Lingam R, Rodgers J. Questionnaires used in complex trauma intervention evaluations and consideration of their utility for autistic adults with mild intellectual disability: A systematic review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 117:104039. [PMID: 34314952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research suggests some trauma symptoms e.g. avoidance are difficult to recognise in autistic people with intellectual disability while arousal/emotional and interpersonal difficulties may be useful signals. This review aims to (i) identify questionnaires used in general population complex trauma interventions to measure emotional and interpersonal difficulty and (ii) evaluate their psychometric properties to inform selection of a potential measure/s for use and/or adaptation for autistic people with mild intellectual disability and trauma related mental health conditions. METHODS Stage 1: we searched Medline, Cinahl, Embase and PsycInfo for general population and clinical complex trauma intervention studies. Stage 2: we used a search filter in Embase to identify psychometric evaluations of relevant questionnaires used in Stage 1 studies and assessed these with the COnsensus based Standards for the selection of health based Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. RESULTS five studies were identified in Stage 1 utilising three measures of emotion dysregulation and interpersonal difficulties. Thirty-three articles on their psychometric properties were identified in Stage 2. Strongest psychometric evidence was found for the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). CONCLUSIONS Evaluating content validity/acceptability of the ERQ and DERS for autistic people with mild intellectual disability and trauma-related mental health conditions are useful next steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wigham
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 4LP, United Kingdom.
| | - Iain McKinnon
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Wolfson Research Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Reid
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Northumbria University Health and Life Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Milton
- Tizard Centre, Department of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Lingam
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqui Rodgers
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The emotion regulation questionnaire: Factor structure and measurement invariance in an Italian sample of community dwelling adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
Kahwagi RM, Zeidan RK, Haddad C, Hallit R, Sacre H, Kheir N, Salameh P, Obeid S, Hallit S. Emotion regulation among Lebanese adults: Validation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and association with attachment styles. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:809-820. [PMID: 32936945 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Validate the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and evaluate factors associated with emotion regulation among Lebanese adults. METHODS A proportionate random sample of 811 participants was chosen from all Lebanese governorates in this cross-sectional study. FINDINGS The principal component analysis of the ERQ items yielded two factors (αCronbach = 0.764 and 0.658 for the Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression facets, respectively). Higher secure attachment style was linked to higher cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Higher anxious attachment style and anxiety were associated with lower cognitive reappraisal. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The Arabic version of the ERQ is a suitable tool for the assessment of emotion regulation tendencies in clinical practice and research. The study came up with results similar to the ones given by many international studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reine-Marie Kahwagi
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rouba K Zeidan
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, CERIPH: Center for Research in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Departments of Research and Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Departments of Research and Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghandehari O, Gallant NL, Hadjistavropoulos T, Williams J, Clark DA. The Relationship Between the Pain Experience and Emotion Regulation in Older Adults. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 21:3366-3376. [PMID: 32488250 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., emotional suppression and reappraisal) with pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, pain intensity, worry, and depression as function of age in samples of older and younger adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional design using validated questionnaires. SETTING Participants resided in the community. They completed validated measures using online questionnaires. SUBJECTS Two-hundred fifty-seven older adults and 254 younger adults with chronic pain participated. METHODS Participants completed validated questionnaires of emotion regulation strategies, pain-related functioning and mental health. RESULTS Emotion regulation varied as a function of age and gender. Among our chronic pain sample, older adult males reported lower use of reappraisal and suppression than younger adult males, while older adult females reported higher use of reappraisal than younger adult females. Emotional suppression was positively related to pain catastrophizing, pain intensity, worry, and depression. Reappraisal was negatively related to depression and worry. Interestingly, age showed a positive relationship with fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, worry, depression, and pain intensity, while gender was related to fear of pain and worry. Finally, emotional reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between the affective dimensions of pain intensity and pain catastrophizing among older adults. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that reappraisal strategies are important for older and younger adults with chronic pain, pointing to the necessity of considering these strategies when working clinically with such populations. However, given our findings as well as those in the literature, gender should also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omeed Ghandehari
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Natasha L Gallant
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Thomas Hadjistavropoulos
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Jaime Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - David A Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|