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Alattar AG, Storry JR, Olsson ML. Evidence that CD36 is expressed on red blood cells and constitutes a novel blood group system of clinical importance. Vox Sang 2024; 119:496-504. [PMID: 38326223 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Polymorphic molecules expressed on the surface of certain blood cells are traditionally categorized as blood groups and human platelet or neutrophil antigens. CD36 is widely considered a platelet antigen (Naka) and anti-CD36 can cause foetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in CD36-negative pregnant women. CD36 is used as a marker of differentiation in early erythroid culture. During the experimental culture of CD34+ cells from random blood donors, we observed that one individual lacked CD36. We sought to investigate this observation further and determine if CD36 fulfils the International Society of Blood Transfusion criteria for becoming a blood group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface markers were monitored by flow cytometry on developing cells during the erythroid culture of CD34+ cells. Genetic and flow cytometric analyses on peripheral blood cells were performed. Proteomic datasets were analysed, and clinical case reports involving anti-CD36 and foetal anaemia were scrutinized. RESULTS Sequencing of CD36-cDNA identified homozygosity for c.1133G>T/p.Gly378Val in the CD36-negative donor. The minor allele frequency of rs146027667:T is 0.1% globally and results in abolished CD36 expression. CD36 has been considered absent from mature red blood cells (RBCs); however, we detected CD36 expression on RBCs and reticulocytes from 20 blood donors. By mining reticulocyte and RBC datasets, we found evidence for CD36-derived peptides enriched in the membrane fractions. Finally, our literature review revealed severe cases of foetal anaemia attributed to anti-CD36. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we conclude that CD36 fulfils the criteria for becoming a new blood group system and that anti-CD36 is implicated not only in FNAIT but also foetal anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ghani Alattar
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jill R Storry
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin L Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
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Nguyen TS, Park JH, Nguyen TK, Nguyen TV, Lee SK, Na SH, Han JH, Park WS, Chun W, Lu F, Han ET. Plasmodium vivax merozoite-specific thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (PvMTRAP) interacts with human CD36, suggesting a novel ligand-receptor interaction for reticulocyte invasion. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:426. [PMID: 37981686 PMCID: PMC10658926 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Plasmodium vivax merozoite restrictively invades immature erythrocytes, suggesting that its ligand(s) might interact with corresponding receptor(s) that are selectively abundant on reticulocytes to complete the invasion. Finding the ligand‒receptor interaction involved in P. vivax invasion is critical to vivax malaria management; nevertheless, it remains to be unraveled. METHODS A library of reticulocyte receptors and P. vivax ligands were expressed by a HEK293E mammalian cell expression system and were then used to screen the interaction using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A flow cytometry-based erythrocyte binding assay and bio-layer interferometry experiment were further utilized to cellularly and quantitatively identify the ligand‒receptor interaction, respectively. RESULTS Plasmodium vivax merozoite-specific thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (PvMTRAP) was found to interact with human CD36 using systematic screening. This interaction was specific at a molecular level from in vitro analysis and comparable to that of P. vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) and Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) (KD: 37.0 ± 1.4 nM and 7.7 ± 0.5 nM, respectively). Flow cytometry indicated that PvMTRAP preferentially binds to reticulocytes, on which CD36 is selectively present. CONCLUSIONS Human CD36 is selectively abundant on reticulocytes and is able to interact specifically with PvMTRAP, suggesting that it may function as a ligand and receptor during the invasion of reticulocytes by P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thau Sy Nguyen
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-Si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet-Kha Nguyen
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Van Nguyen
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyun Lee
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Li W, Acker JP. CD71 + RBCs: A potential immune mediator in transfusion. Transfus Apher Sci 2023:103721. [PMID: 37173208 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Donor - recipient sex - mismatched transfusion is associated with increased mortality. The mechanisms for this are not clear, but it may relate to transfusion-related immunomodulation. Recently, CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs), including reticulocytes (CD71+ RBCs) and erythroblasts, have been identified as potent immunoregulatory cells. The proportion of CD71+ RBCs in the peripheral blood is sufficient to play a potential immunomodulatory role. Differences in the quantity of CD71+ RBCs are dependent on blood donor sex. The total number of CD71+ RBCs in red cell concentrates is also affected by blood manufacturing methods, and storage duration. As a component of the total CECs, CD71+ RBCs can affect innate and adaptive immune cells. Phagocytosed CECs directly reduce TNF-α production from macrophages. CECs can also suppress the production of TNF-α production from antigen presenting cells. Moreover, CECs can suppress T cell proliferation thorough immune mediation and / or direct cell-to-cell interactions. Different in their biophysical features compared to mature RBCs, blood donor CD71+ RBCs may be preferential targets for the macrophages. This report summarizes the currently literature supporting an important role for CD71+ RBCs in adverse transfusion reactions including immune mediation and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton.
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Ong JJY, Oh J, Yong Ang X, Naidu R, Chu TTT, Hyoung Im J, Manzoor U, Kha Nguyen T, Na SW, Han ET, Davis C, Sun Park W, Chun W, Jun H, Jin Lee S, Na S, Chan JKY, Park Y, Russell B, Chandramohanadas R, Han JH. Optical diffraction tomography and image reconstruction to measure host cell alterations caused by divergent Plasmodium species. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 286:122026. [PMID: 36395614 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Understanding the biological features of various parasite forms is important for the optical diagnosis and defining pathological states, which are often constrained by the lack of ambient visualization approaches. Here, we employ a label-free tomographic technique to visualize the host red blood cell (RBC) remodeling process and quantify changes in biochemical properties arising from parasitization. Through this, we provide a quantitative body of information pertaining to the influence of host cell environment on growth, survival, and replication of P. falciparum and P. vivax in their respective host cells: mature erythrocytes and young reticulocytes. These exquisite three-dimensional measurements of infected red cells demonstrats the potential of evolving 3D imaging to advance our understanding of Plasmodium biology and host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Y Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeonghun Oh
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang Yong Ang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renugah Naidu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trang T T Chu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Hyoung Im
- Department of Infectious Disease, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Umar Manzoor
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet Kha Nguyen
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Na
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Christeen Davis
- DBT Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojong Jun
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Sunghun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- KK Womens' and Childrens' Hospital, Singapore; Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Tomocube Inc, Daejeon 34109, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Chandramohanadas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore; DBT Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Tetard M, Peterson NA, Egan ES. Erythrocyte-Plasmodium interactions: genetic manipulation of the erythroid lineage. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 70:102221. [PMID: 36242898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Targeting critical host factors is an emerging concept in the treatment of infectious diseases. As obligate pathogens of erythrocytes, the Plasmodium spp. parasites that cause malaria must exploit erythroid host factors for their survival. However, our understanding of this important aspect of the malaria lifecycle is limited, in part because erythrocytes are enucleated cells that lack a nucleus and DNA, rendering them genetically intractable. Recent advances in genetic analysis of the erythroid lineage using small-hairpin RNAs and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) in red-blood cells derived from stem cells have generated new insights into the functions of several candidate host factors for Plasmodium parasites. Along with efforts in other hematopoietic cells, these advances have also laid a strong foundation for genetic screens to identify novel erythrocyte host factors for malaria.
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Leong YW, Russell B, Malleret B, Rénia L. Erythrocyte tropism of malarial parasites: The reticulocyte appeal. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022828. [PMID: 36386653 PMCID: PMC9643692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes are formed from the enucleation of erythroblasts in the bone marrow, and as erythrocytes develop from immature reticulocytes into mature normocytes, they undergo extensive cellular changes through their passage in the blood. During the blood stage of the malarial parasite life cycle, the parasite sense and invade susceptible erythrocytes. However, different parasite species display varying erythrocyte tropisms (i.e., preference for either reticulocytes or normocytes). In this review, we explore the erythrocyte tropism of malarial parasites, especially their predilection to invade reticulocytes, as shown from recent studies. We also discuss possible mechanisms mediating erythrocyte tropism and the implications of specific tropisms to disease pathophysiology. Understanding these allows better insight into the role of reticulocytes in malaria and provides opportunities for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Wai Leong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Bernecker C, Lima M, Kolesnik T, Lampl A, Ciubotaru C, Leita R, Kolb D, Fröhlich E, Schlenke P, Holzapfel GA, Dorn I, Cojoc D. Biomechanical properties of native and cultured red blood cells–Interplay of shape, structure and biomechanics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:979298. [PMID: 36051915 PMCID: PMC9424772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.979298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine increases the demand for safe blood products. Ex vivo cultured red blood cells (cRBC) are eagerly awaited as a standardized, safe source of RBC. Established culture models still lack the terminal cytoskeletal remodeling from reticulocyte to erythrocyte with changes in the biomechanical properties and interacts with membrane stiffness, viscosity of the cytoplasm and the cytoskeletal network. Comprehensive data on the biomechanical properties of cRBC are needed to take the last step towards translation into clinical use in transfusion medicine. Aim of the study was the comparative analysis of topographical and biomechanical properties of cRBC, generated from human CD34+ adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, with native reticulocytes (nRET) and erythrocytes (nRBC) using cell biological and biomechanical technologies. To gain the desired all-encompassing information, a single method was unsatisfactory and only the combination of different methods could lead to the goal. Topographical information was matched with biomechanical data from optical tweezers (OT), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and digital holographic microscopy (DHM). Underlying structures were investigated in detail. Imaging, deformability and recovery time showed a high similarity between cRBC and nRBC. Young’s modulus and plasticity index also confirmed this similarity. No significant differences in membrane and cytoskeletal proteins were found, while lipid deficiency resulted in spherical, vesiculated cells with impaired biomechanical functionality. The combination of techniques has proven successful and experiments underscore a close relationship between lipid content, shape and biomechanical functionality of RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bernecker
- Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Lima
- CNR-IOM, National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Materials, Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Physics Department, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tatjana Kolesnik
- Core Facility Imaging, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Annika Lampl
- Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Catalin Ciubotaru
- CNR-IOM, National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Materials, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Leita
- CNR-IOM, National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Materials, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Core Facility Imaging, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A. Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Isabel Dorn
- Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Dan Cojoc, ; Isabel Dorn,
| | - Dan Cojoc
- CNR-IOM, National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Materials, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Dan Cojoc, ; Isabel Dorn,
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Introini V, Marin-Menendez A, Nettesheim G, Lin YC, Kariuki SN, Smith AL, Jean L, Brewin JN, Rees DC, Cicuta P, Rayner JC, Penman BS. The erythrocyte membrane properties of beta thalassaemia heterozygotes and their consequences for Plasmodium falciparum invasion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8934. [PMID: 35624125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum have exerted formidable selective pressures on the human genome. Of the human genetic variants associated with malaria protection, beta thalassaemia (a haemoglobinopathy) was the earliest to be associated with malaria prevalence. However, the malaria protective properties of beta thalassaemic erythrocytes remain unclear. Here we studied the mechanics and surface protein expression of beta thalassaemia heterozygous erythrocytes, measured their susceptibility to P. falciparum invasion, and calculated the energy required for merozoites to invade them. We found invasion-relevant differences in beta thalassaemic cells versus matched controls, specifically: elevated membrane tension, reduced bending modulus, and higher levels of expression of the major invasion receptor basigin. However, these differences acted in opposition to each other with respect to their likely impact on invasion, and overall we did not observe beta thalassaemic cells to have lower P. falciparum invasion efficiency for any of the strains tested.
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Abstract
Changes to the membrane proteins and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton must occur for a reticulocyte to mature into a red blood cell (RBC). Different mechanisms of reticulocyte maturation have been proposed to reduce the size and volume of the reticulocyte plasma membrane and to eliminate residual organelles. Lysosomal protein degradation, exosome release, autophagy and the extrusion of large autophagic–endocytic hybrid vesicles have been shown to contribute to reticulocyte maturation. These processes may occur simultaneously or perhaps sequentially. Reticulocyte maturation is incompletely understood and requires further investigation. RBCs with membrane defects or cation leak disorders caused by genetic variants offer an insight into reticulocyte maturation as they present characteristics of incomplete maturation. In this review, we compare the structure of the mature RBC membrane with that of the reticulocyte. We discuss the mechanisms of reticulocyte maturation with a focus on incomplete reticulocyte maturation in red cell variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J. Stevens-Hernandez
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol BS34 7QH, UK;
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 ITD, UK
| | - Lesley J. Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol BS34 7QH, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Blanch AJ, Nunez-Iglesias J, Namvar A, Menant S, Looker O, Rajagopal V, Tham WH, Tilley L, Dixon MW. Multimodal imaging reveals membrane skeleton reorganisation during reticulocyte maturation and differences in dimple and rim regions of mature erythrocytes. J Struct Biol X 2022; 6:100056. [PMID: 34977554 PMCID: PMC8688873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal microscopies reveal dynamic changes in erythrocyte membrane skeleton architecture. Reticulocytes have 30% more surface area than mature erythrocytes but only slightly lower skeletal meshwork coverage. The spectrin-based skeleton reorganises during reticulocyte maturation. Inhomogeneity within the erythrocyte’s membrane skeleton underpins its biconcave disc shape.
The red blood cell (RBC) is remarkable in its ability to deform as it passages through the vasculature. Its deformability derives from a spectrin-actin protein network that supports the cell membrane and provides strength and flexibility, however questions remain regarding the assembly and maintenance of the skeletal network. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) we have examined the nanoscale architecture of the cytoplasmic side of membrane discs prepared from reticulocytes and mature RBCs. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to probe the distribution of spectrin and other membrane skeleton proteins. We found that the cell surface area decreases by up to 30% and the spectrin-actin network increases in density by approximately 20% as the reticulocyte matures. By contrast, the inter-junctional distance and junctional density increase only by 3–4% and 5–9%, respectively. This suggests that the maturation-associated reduction in surface area is accompanied by an increase in spectrin self-association to form higher order oligomers. We also examined the mature RBC membrane in the edge (rim) and face (dimple) regions of mature RBCs and found the rim contains about 1.5% more junctional complexes compared to the dimple region. A 2% increase in band 4.1 density in the rim supports these structural measurements.
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Li H, Liu ZL, Lu L, Buffet P, Karniadakis GE. How the spleen reshapes and retains young and old red blood cells: A computational investigation. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009516. [PMID: 34723962 PMCID: PMC8584971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen, the largest secondary lymphoid organ in humans, not only fulfils a broad range of immune functions, but also plays an important role in red blood cell’s (RBC) life cycle. Although much progress has been made to elucidate the critical biological processes involved in the maturation of young RBCs (reticulocytes) as well as removal of senescent RBCs in the spleen, the underlying mechanisms driving these processes are still obscure. Herein, we perform a computational study to simulate the passage of RBCs through interendothelial slits (IES) in the spleen at different stages of their lifespan and investigate the role of the spleen in facilitating the maturation of reticulocytes and in clearing the senescent RBCs. Our simulations reveal that at the beginning of the RBC life cycle, intracellular non-deformable particles in reticulocytes can be biomechanically expelled from the cell upon passage through IES, an insightful explanation of why this peculiar “pitting” process is spleen-specific. Our results also show that immature RBCs shed surface area by releasing vesicles after crossing IES and progressively acquire the biconcave shape of mature RBCs. These findings likely explain why RBCs from splenectomized patients are significantly larger than those from nonsplenectomized subjects. Finally, we show that at the end of their life span, senescent RBCs are not only retained by IES due to reduced deformability but also become susceptible to mechanical lysis under shear stress. This finding supports the recent hypothesis that transformation into a hemolyzed ghost is a prerequisite for phagocytosis of senescent RBCs. Altogether, our computational investigation illustrates critical biological processes in the spleen that cannot be observed in vivo or in vitro and offer insights into the role of the spleen in the RBC physiology. The spleen, the largest secondary lymphoid organ in humans, not only fulfils a broad range of immune functions, but also plays an important role in red blood cell (RBC) life cycle. In this study, we perform a computational study to simulate the passage of RBCs through interendothelial slits (IES) in the spleen at different stages of their lifespan, a critical biological process that cannot be observed in humans. Our simulation results illustrate a specific role of spleen in shaping young RBCs, which points to a probable missing step in current in vitro RBC culture protocols that fail to generate a majority of typical biconcave RBCs. Our results also reveal that intra-splenic mechanical constraints likely contribute to the final clearance and elimination of aged RBCs. Altogether, we demonstrate that our computational model can provide mechanistic rationales for experimental studies, offer insights into the role of the spleen in the RBC physiology and help the optimization of in vitro RBC culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Zixiang Leonardo Liu
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Pierre Buffet
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France
| | - George Em Karniadakis
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Malleret B, El Sahili A, Tay MZ, Carissimo G, Ong ASM, Novera W, Lin J, Suwanarusk R, Kosaisavee V, Chu TTT, Sinha A, Howland SW, Fan Y, Gruszczyk J, Tham WH, Colin Y, Maurer-Stroh S, Snounou G, Ng LFP, Chan JKY, Chacko AM, Lescar J, Chandramohanadas R, Nosten F, Russell B, Rénia L. Plasmodium vivax binds host CD98hc (SLC3A2) to enter immature red blood cells. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:991-9. [PMID: 34294905 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
More than one-third of the world's population is exposed to Plasmodium vivax malaria, mainly in Asia1. P. vivax preferentially invades reticulocytes (immature red blood cells)2-4. Previous work has identified 11 parasite proteins involved in reticulocyte invasion, including erythrocyte binding protein 2 (ref. 5) and the reticulocyte-binding proteins (PvRBPs)6-10. PvRBP2b binds to the transferrin receptor CD71 (ref. 11), which is selectively expressed on immature reticulocytes12. Here, we identified CD98 heavy chain (CD98), a heteromeric amino acid transporter from the SLC3 family (also known as SLCA2), as a reticulocyte-specific receptor for the PvRBP2a parasite ligand using mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, biochemical and parasite invasion assays. We characterized the expression level of CD98 at the surface of immature reticulocytes (CD71+) and identified an interaction between CD98 and PvRBP2a expressed at the merozoite surface. Our results identify CD98 as an additional host membrane protein, besides CD71, that is directly associated with P. vivax reticulocyte tropism. These findings highlight the potential of using PvRBP2a as a vaccine target against P. vivax malaria.
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13
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Leong YW, Lee EQH, Rénia L, Malleret B. Rodent Malaria Erythrocyte Preference Assessment by an Ex Vivo Tropism Assay. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:680136. [PMID: 34322397 PMCID: PMC8311856 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.680136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating red blood cells consist of young erythrocytes (early and late reticulocytes) and mature erythrocytes (normocytes). The human malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, have a preference to invade reticulocytes during blood-stage infection. Rodent malaria parasites that also prefer reticulocytes could be useful tools to study human malaria reticulocyte invasion. However, previous tropism studies of rodent malaria are inconsistent from one another, making it difficult to compare cell preference of different parasite species and strains. In vivo measurements of cell tropism are also subjected to many confounding factors. Here we developed an ex vivo tropism assay for rodent malaria with highly purified fractions of murine reticulocytes and normocytes. We measured invasion into the different erythrocyte populations using flow cytometry and evaluated the tropism index of the parasite strains. We found that P. berghei ANKA displayed the strongest reticulocyte preference, followed by P. yoelii 17X1.1, whereas P. chabaudi AS and P. vinckei S67 showed mixed tropism. These preferences are intrinsic and were maintained at different reticulocyte and normocyte availabilities. Our study shed light on the true erythrocyte preference of the parasites and paves the way for future investigations on the receptor-ligand interactions mediating erythrocyte tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Wai Leong
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research Infectious Diseases Laboratories (A*STAR ID Labs), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Qian Hui Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research Infectious Diseases Laboratories (A*STAR ID Labs), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Seliverstov ES. Morphometric properties of immature reticulocytes in health and during acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101578. [PMID: 34130070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances, many changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment during acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. The surface of immature reticulocytes was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine specific changes during the development of ALL and AML. In patients with ALL the surface area of reticulocytes increased by 18.5 %, volume by 8.7 %, the width of invaginations by 18 %, and cell height decreased by 7.8 %. In patients with AML, the volume increased by 12.6 %, roughness by 35.5 %, the height of protrusions by 36.2 %, the depth of invaginations by 24.8 %, their width by 18.2 %, and the maximum height difference of the surface by 31.9 %. The obtained data1 has important prognostic value in studying the bone marrow activity during acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Seliverstov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobeda St., Belgorod, 308015, Russia.
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15
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Shakya B, Patel SD, Tani Y, Egan ES. Erythrocyte CD55 mediates the internalization of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. eLife 2021; 10:61516. [PMID: 34028351 PMCID: PMC8184214 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of human erythrocytes by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a multi-step process. Previously, a forward genetic screen for P. falciparum host factors identified erythrocyte CD55 as essential for invasion, but its specific role and how it interfaces with the other factors that mediate this complex process are unknown. Using CRISPR-Cas9 editing, antibody-based inhibition, and live cell imaging, here we show that CD55 is specifically required for parasite internalization. Pre-invasion kinetics, erythrocyte deformability, and echinocytosis were not influenced by CD55, but entry was inhibited when CD55 was blocked or absent. Visualization of parasites attached to CD55-null erythrocytes points to a role for CD55 in stability and/or progression of the moving junction. Our findings demonstrate that CD55 acts after discharge of the parasite’s rhoptry organelles, and plays a unique role relative to all other invasion receptors. As the requirement for CD55 is strain-transcendent, these results suggest that CD55 or its interacting partners may hold potential as therapeutic targets for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Shakya
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Saurabh D Patel
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York City, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth S Egan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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16
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Thomson-Luque R, Bautista JM. Home Sweet Home: Plasmodium vivax-Infected Reticulocytes-The Younger the Better? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:675156. [PMID: 34055670 PMCID: PMC8162270 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.675156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
After a century of constant failure to produce an in vitro culture of the most widespread human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax, recent advances have highlighted the difficulties to provide this parasite with a healthy host cell to invade, develop, and multiply under in vitro conditions. The actual level of understanding of the heterogeneous populations of cells—framed under the name ‘reticulocytes’—and, importantly, their adequate in vitro progression from very immature reticulocytes to normocytes (mature erythrocytes) is far from complete. The volatility of its individual stability may suggest the reticulocyte as a delusory cell, particularly to be used for stable culture purposes. Yet, the recent relevance gained by a specific subset of highly immature reticulocytes has brought some hope. Very immature reticulocytes are characterized by a peculiar membrane harboring a plethora of molecules potentially involved in P. vivax invasion and by an intracellular complexity dynamically changing upon its quick maturation into normocytes. We analyze the potentialities offered by this youngest reticulocyte subsets as an ideal in vitro host cell for P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Thomson-Luque
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José M Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review outlines recent discoveries on the infection of erythroid cells by Plasmodium parasites, focusing on the molecular interactions governing the tropism of parasites for their host cell and the implications of this tropism for parasite biology and erythroid cell maturation. RECENT FINDINGS Although most studies about the interactions of Plasmodium parasites and their host cell focused on the deadliest human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and the erythrocyte, there is increasing evidence that several Plasmodium species, including P. falciparum, also develop within erythroid precursors. These interactions likely modify the remodeling of the host cell by the parasite and affect the maturation of erythroblast and reticulocytes. SUMMARY A better understanding of the remodeling of immature erythroid cells by Plasmodium parasites will have important implications for the development of antimalarial drugs or vaccines. In addition, deciphering how Plasmodium parasites interfere with erythropoiesis will provide new insights on how these parasites contribute to anemia in malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Neveu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Lavazec
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin
- Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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18
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Funato K, Abe T, Kurita R, Watanabe Y, Nakamura Y, Miyata S, Furukawa Y, Satake M. Identification of characteristic proteins at late-stage erythroid differentiation in vitro. Hum Cell 2021; 34:745-749. [PMID: 33616868 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of red blood cells in vitro, which is useful for basic or clinical research, has been improved. Further optimization of culture protocols may facilitate erythroid differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells to red blood cells. However, the details of erythropoiesis, particularly regarding the behaviors of differentiation-related proteins, remain unclear. Here, we performed erythroid differentiation using two independent bone marrow- or cord blood-derived CD34+ cell sources and identified proteins showing reproducible differential expression in all groups. Notably, most of the proteins expressed at the early stage were downregulated during erythroid differentiation. However, seven proteins showed upregulated expression in both bone marrow cells and cord blood cells. These proteins included alpha-synuclein and selenium-binding protein 1, the roles of which have not been clarified in erythropoiesis. There is a possibility that these factors contribute to erythroid differentiation as they maintained a high expression level. These findings provide a foundation for further mechanistic studies on erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Funato
- Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tatsumi 2-1-67, Koto-ku, Tokyo , 135-8521, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tatsumi 2-1-67, Koto-ku, Tokyo , 135-8521, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tatsumi 2-1-67, Koto-ku, Tokyo , 135-8521, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Watanabe
- Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tatsumi 2-1-67, Koto-ku, Tokyo , 135-8521, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeki Miyata
- Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tatsumi 2-1-67, Koto-ku, Tokyo , 135-8521, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tatsumi 2-1-67, Koto-ku, Tokyo , 135-8521, Japan
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19
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Moura PL, Lizarralde Iragorri MA, Français O, Le Pioufle B, Dobbe JGG, Streekstra GJ, El Nemer W, Toye AM, Satchwell TJ. Reticulocyte and red blood cell deformation triggers specific phosphorylation events. Blood Adv 2019; 3:2653-63. [PMID: 31506283 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to undergo substantial deformation is a defining characteristic of the red blood cell (RBC), facilitating transit through the splenic interendothelial slits and microvasculature. Establishment of this remarkable property occurs during a process of reticulocyte maturation that begins with egress through micron-wide pores in the bone marrow and is completed within the circulation. The requirement to undertake repeated cycles of deformation necessitates that both reticulocytes and erythrocytes regulate membrane-cytoskeletal protein interactions in order to maintain cellular stability. In the absence of transcriptional activity, modulation of these interactions in RBCs is likely to be achieved primarily through specific protein posttranslational modifications, which at present remain undefined. In this study, we use high-throughput methods to define the processes that underlie the response to deformation and shear stress in both reticulocytes and erythrocytes. Through combination of a bead-based microsphiltration assay with phosphoproteomics we describe posttranslational modification of RBC proteins associated with deformation. Using microsphiltration and microfluidic biochip-based assays, we explore the effect of inhibiting kinases identified using this dataset. We demonstrate roles for GSK3 and Lyn in capillary transit and maintenance of membrane stability following deformation and show that combined inhibition of these kinases significantly decreases reticulocyte capacity to undergo repeated deformation. Finally, we derive a comprehensive and integrative phosphoproteomic dataset that provides a valuable resource for further mechanistic dissection of the molecular pathways that underlie the RBC's response to mechanical stimuli and for the study of reticulocyte maturation.
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20
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Abstract
In the last few years, erythrocytes have emerged as the main determinant of blood rheology. In mammals, these cells are devoid of nuclei and are, therefore, unable to divide. Consequently, all circulating erythrocytes come from erythropoiesis, a process in the bone marrow in which several modifications are induced in the expression of membrane and cytoskeletal proteins, and different vertical and horizontal interactions are established between them. Cytoskeleton components play an important role in this process, which explains why they and the interaction between them have been the focus of much recent research. Moreover, in mature erythrocytes, the cytoskeleton integrity is also essential, because the cytoskeleton confers remarkable deformability and stability on the erythrocytes, thus enabling them to undergo deformation in microcirculation. Defects in the cytoskeleton produce changes in erythrocyte deformability and stability, affecting cell viability and rheological properties. Such abnormalities are seen in different pathologies of special interest, such as different types of anemia, hypertension, and diabetes, among others. This review highlights the main findings in mammalian erythrocytes and their progenitors regarding the presence, conformation and function of the three main components of the cytoskeleton: actin, intermediate filaments, and tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén D Nigra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), UNC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cesar H Casale
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica S Santander
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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21
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Patarroyo MA, Arévalo-Pinzón G, Moreno-Pérez DA. From a basic to a functional approach for developing a blood stage vaccine against Plasmodium vivax. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:195-207. [PMID: 32077349 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1733421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Numerous challenges have hampered developing an anti-malarial vaccine against the most widespread malarial parasite worldwide: Plasmodium vivax. Despite the progress achieved in studying proteins in short-term in vitro culture or in experimental models, there is still no clear method for defining which antigens or their regions should be prioritized for including them in a vaccine.Areas covered: The methods used by research groups so far which have focused on the functional analysis of P. vivax blood stage antigens have been reviewed here. A logical strategy orientated toward resolving two of the most commonly occurring problems in designing vaccines against this species has thus been proposed (i.e. the search for candidates and evaluating/ascertaining their functional role in the invasion of such molecules).Expert commentary: Advances in knowledge regarding P. vivax biology have been extremely slow. Only two key receptor-ligand interactions concerning merozoite entry to reticulocytes have been reported during the last 20 years: PvDBP1-DARC and PvRBP2b-CD71. Despite increasing knowledge about the parasite's intimate preference for its host cells, it has yet to be determined which regions of the merozoite molecules characterized to date meet the requirement of inducing protective immune responses effectively blocking heterologous parasite entry to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Receptor-Ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Darwin A Moreno-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Livestock Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas Y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá DC, Colombia
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22
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Yeo JH, Lam YW, Fraser ST. Cellular dynamics of mammalian red blood cell production in the erythroblastic island niche. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:873-894. [PMID: 31418139 PMCID: PMC6874942 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, make up approximately a quarter of all cells in the human body with over 2 billion new erythrocytes made each day in a healthy adult human. This massive cellular production system is coupled with a set of cell biological processes unique to mammals, in particular, the elimination of all organelles, and the expulsion and destruction of the condensed erythroid nucleus. Erythrocytes from birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish possess nuclei, mitochondria and other organelles: erythrocytes from mammals lack all of these intracellular components. This review will focus on the dynamic changes that take place in developing erythroid cells that are interacting with specialized macrophages in multicellular clusters termed erythroblastic islands. Proerythroblasts enter the erythroblastic niche as large cells with active nuclei, mitochondria producing heme and energy, and attach to the central macrophage via a range of adhesion molecules. Proerythroblasts then mature into erythroblasts and, following enucleation, in reticulocytes. When reticulocytes exit the erythroblastic island, they are smaller cells, without nuclei and with few mitochondria, possess some polyribosomes and have a profoundly different surface molecule phenotype. Here, we will review, step-by-step, the biophysical mechanisms that regulate the remarkable process of erythropoiesis with a particular focus on the events taking place in the erythroblastic island niche. This is presented from the biological perspective to offer insight into the elements of red blood cell development in the erythroblastic island niche which could be further explored with biophysical modelling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hao Yeo
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Stuart T Fraser
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, Australia.
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23
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Gautier EF, Leduc M, Cochet S, Bailly K, Lacombe C, Mohandas N, Guillonneau F, El Nemer W, Mayeux P. Absolute proteome quantification of highly purified populations of circulating reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2646-57. [PMID: 30327373 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018023515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulocytes produced in the bone marrow undergo maturation in the bloodstream to give rise to erythrocytes. Although the proteome of circulating red cells has been the subject of several reports, the cellular populations used for these studies were never completely devoid of reticulocytes. In our current study, we used highly purified erythrocyte and reticulocyte populations to quantify the absolute expression levels of the proteins in each cell population. Erythrocytes and reticulocytes were purified in a multistep process involving cellulose chromatography, Percoll gradient centrifugation, and fluorescence cell sorting after thiazole orange labeling. Proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry from whole cells and erythrocyte plasma membrane (ghosts), leading to the identification and quantification of 2077 proteins, including 654 that were reticulocyte-specific. Absolute quantifications of these proteins were made using the mean corpuscular hemoglobin content of the cells as a standard. For each protein, we calculated the percentage loss during the terminal stages of reticulocyte maturation and the percentage of association with the plasma membrane. In addition, we used modified adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate molecules that enable the transfer of a biotin molecule to the catalytic sites of kinases to isolate active kinases in the erythrocytes and determined the absolute expression of 75 protein kinases and the modification of their expression during reticulocyte maturation. Our findings represent the first absolute quantification of proteins that are specifically expressed in normal erythrocytes with no detectable contamination by reticulocytes. Our findings thus represent a reference database for the future proteomic analysis of pathological erythrocytes.
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24
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Li H, Yang J, Chu TT, Naidu R, Lu L, Chandramohanadas R, Dao M, Karniadakis GE. Cytoskeleton Remodeling Induces Membrane Stiffness and Stability Changes of Maturing Reticulocytes. Biophys J 2019; 114:2014-2023. [PMID: 29694877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulocytes, the precursors of erythrocytes, undergo drastic alterations in cell size, shape, and deformability during maturation. Experimental evidence suggests that young reticulocytes are stiffer and less stable than their mature counterparts; however, the underlying mechanism is yet to be fully understood. Here, we develop a coarse-grained molecular-dynamics reticulocyte membrane model to elucidate how the membrane structure of reticulocytes contributes to their particular biomechanical properties and pathogenesis in blood diseases. First, we show that the extended cytoskeleton in the reticulocyte membrane is responsible for its increased shear modulus. Subsequently, we quantify the effect of weakened cytoskeleton on the stiffness and stability of reticulocytes, via which we demonstrate that the extended cytoskeleton along with reduced cytoskeleton connectivity leads to the seeming paradox that reticulocytes are stiffer and less stable than the mature erythrocytes. Our simulation results also suggest that membrane budding and the consequent vesiculation of reticulocytes can occur independently of the endocytosis-exocytosis pathway, and thus, it may serve as an additional means of removing unwanted membrane proteins from reticulocytes. Finally, we find that membrane budding is exacerbated when the cohesion between the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton is compromised, which is in accord with the clinical observations that erythrocytes start shedding membrane surface at the reticulocyte stage in hereditary spherocytosis. Taken together, our results quantify the stiffness and stability change of reticulocytes during their maturation and provide, to our knowledge, new insights into the pathogenesis of hereditary spherocytosis and malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Trang T Chu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore; Interdisciplinary Research Group of Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renugah Naidu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Lu
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rajesh Chandramohanadas
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Dao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Interdisciplinary Research Group of Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Gehrke S, Rice S, Stefanoni D, Wilkerson RB, Nemkov T, Reisz JA, Hansen KC, Lucas A, Cabrales P, Drew K, D'Alessandro A. Red Blood Cell Metabolic Responses to Torpor and Arousal in the Hibernator Arctic Ground Squirrel. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1827-1841. [PMID: 30793910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arctic ground squirrels provide a unique model to investigate metabolic responses to hibernation in mammals. During winter months these rodents are exposed to severe hypothermia, prolonged fasting, and hypoxemia. In the light of their role in oxygen transport/off-loading and owing to the absence of nuclei and organelles (and thus de novo protein synthesis capacity), mature red blood cells have evolved metabolic programs to counteract physiological or pathological hypoxemia. However, red blood cell metabolism in hibernation has not yet been investigated. Here we employed targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches to investigate erythrocyte metabolism during entrance to torpor to arousal, with a high resolution of the intermediate time points. We report that torpor and arousal promote metabolism through glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, respectively, consistent with previous models of oxygen-dependent metabolic modulation in mature erythrocytes. Erythrocytes from hibernating squirrels showed up to 100-fold lower levels of biomarkers of reperfusion injury, such as the pro-inflammatory dicarboxylate succinate. Altered tryptophan metabolism during torpor was here correlated to the accumulation of potentially neurotoxic catabolites kynurenine, quinolinate, and picolinate. Arousal was accompanied by alterations of sulfur metabolism, including sudden spikes in a metabolite putatively identified as thiorphan (level 1 confidence)-a potent inhibitor of several metalloproteases that play a crucial role in nociception and inflammatory complication to reperfusion secondary to ischemia or hemorrhage. Preliminary studies in rats showed that intravenous injection of thiorphan prior to resuscitation mitigates metabolic and cytokine markers of reperfusion injury, etiological contributors to inflammatory complications after shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gehrke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Sarah Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , Alaska 99775 , United States
| | - Davide Stefanoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Rebecca B Wilkerson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Alfredo Lucas
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Kelly Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks , Alaska 99775 , United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
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26
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Téletchéa S, Santuz H, Léonard S, Etchebest C. Repository of Enriched Structures of Proteins Involved in the Red Blood Cell Environment (RESPIRE). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211043. [PMID: 30794542 PMCID: PMC6386447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) is a metabolically-driven cell vital for processes such a gas transport and homeostasis. RBC possesses at its surface exposing antigens proteins that are critical in blood transfusion. Due to their importance, numerous studies address the cell function as a whole but more and more details of RBC structure and protein content are now studied using massive state-of-the art characterisation techniques. Yet, the resulting information is frequently scattered in many scientific articles, in many databases and specialized web servers. To provide a more compendious view of erythrocytes and of their protein content, we developed a dedicated database called RESPIRE that aims at gathering a comprehensive and coherent ensemble of information and data about proteins in RBC. This cell-driven database lists proteins found in erythrocytes. For a given protein entry, initial data are processed from external portals and enriched by using state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods. As structural information is extremely useful to understand protein function and predict the impact of mutations, a strong effort has been put on the prediction of protein structures with a special treatment for membrane proteins. Browsing the database is available through text search for reference gene names or protein identifiers, through pre-defined queries or via hyperlinks. The RESPIRE database provides valuable information and unique annotations that should be useful to a wide audience of biologists, clinicians and structural biologists. Database URL:http://www.dsimb.inserm.fr/respire
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Téletchéa
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1134, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
- UFIP, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - H. Santuz
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1134, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
| | - S. Léonard
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1134, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
| | - C. Etchebest
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1134, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex., Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kanjee U, Rangel GW, Clark MA, Duraisingh MT. Molecular and cellular interactions defining the tropism of Plasmodium vivax for reticulocytes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 46:109-115. [PMID: 30366310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is uniquely restricted to invading reticulocytes, the youngest of red blood cells. Parasite invasion relies on the sequential deployment of multiple parasite invasion ligands. Correct targeting of the host reticulocyte is mediated by two families of invasion ligands: the reticulocyte binding proteins (RBPs) and erythrocyte binding proteins (EBPs). The Duffy receptor has long been established as a key determinant for P. vivax invasion. However, recently, the RBP protein PvRBP2b has been shown to bind to transferrin receptor, which is expressed on reticulocytes but lost on normocytes, implicating the ligand-receptor in the reticulocyte tropism of P. vivax. Furthermore there is increasing evidence for P. vivax growth and sexual development in reticulocyte-enriched tissues such as the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usheer Kanjee
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel W Rangel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha A Clark
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manoj T Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Nemkov T, Reisz JA, Xia Y, Zimring JC, D’Alessandro A. Red blood cells as an organ? How deep omics characterization of the most abundant cell in the human body highlights other systemic metabolic functions beyond oxygen transport. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:855-864. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1531710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Houston – McGovern Medical School , Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Aurora, CO, USA
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29
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Díaz-Varela M, de Menezes-Neto A, Perez-Zsolt D, Gámez-Valero A, Seguí-Barber J, Izquierdo-Useros N, Martinez-Picado J, Fernández-Becerra C, Del Portillo HA. Proteomics study of human cord blood reticulocyte-derived exosomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14046. [PMID: 30232403 PMCID: PMC6145868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulocyte-derived exosomes (Rex), extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, were initially discovered as a cargo-disposal mechanism of obsolete proteins in the maturation of reticulocytes into erythrocytes. In this work, we present the first mass spectrometry-based proteomics of human Rex (HuRex). HuRex were isolated from cultures of human reticulocyte-enriched cord blood using different culture conditions and exosome isolation methods. The newly described proteome consists of 367 proteins, most of them related to exosomes as revealed by gene ontology over-representation analysis and include multiple transporters as well as proteins involved in exosome biogenesis and erythrocytic disorders. Immunoelectron microscopy validated the presence of the transferrin receptor. Moreover, functional assays demonstrated active capture of HuRex by mature dendritic cells. As only seven proteins have been previously associated with HuRex, this resource will facilitate studies on the role of human reticulocyte-derived exosomes in normal and pathological conditions affecting erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando de Menezes-Neto
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães-FIOCRUZ, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Gámez-Valero
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology & REMAR-IVECAT Group, Hospital Universitari and Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Seguí-Barber
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- IGTP Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- IGTP Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
| | - Hernando A Del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- IGTP Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Bermúdez M, Moreno-Pérez DA, Arévalo-Pinzón G, Curtidor H, Patarroyo MA. Plasmodium vivax in vitro continuous culture: the spoke in the wheel. Malar J 2018; 17:301. [PMID: 30126427 PMCID: PMC6102941 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax is fundamental for developing strategies aimed at controlling and eliminating this parasitic species. Although advances in omic sciences and high-throughput techniques in recent years have enabled the identification and characterization of proteins which might be participating in P. vivax invasion of target cells, exclusive parasite tropism for invading reticulocytes has become the main obstacle in maintaining a continuous culture for this species. Such advance that would help in defining each parasite protein’s function in the complex process of P. vivax invasion, in addition to evaluating new therapeutic agents, is still a dream. Advances related to maintenance, culture medium supplements and the use of different sources of reticulocytes and parasites (strains and isolates) have been made regarding the development of an in vitro culture for P. vivax; however, only some cultures having few replication cycles have been obtained to date, meaning that this parasite’s maintenance goes beyond the technical components involved. Although it is still not yet clear which molecular mechanisms P. vivax prefers for invading young CD71+ reticulocytes [early maturation stages (I–II–III)], changes related to membrane proteins remodelling of such cells could form part of the explanation. The most relevant aspects regarding P. vivax in vitro culture and host cell characteristics have been analysed in this review to explain possible reasons why the species’ continuous in vitro culture is so difficult to standardize. Some alternatives for P. vivax in vitro culture have also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Bermúdez
- Receptor-ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Darwin Andrés Moreno-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,Livestock Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222 No. 55-37, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón
- Receptor-ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernando Curtidor
- Receptor-ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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31
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Li H, Papageorgiou DP, Chang HY, Lu L, Yang J, Deng Y. Synergistic Integration of Laboratory and Numerical Approaches in Studies of the Biomechanics of Diseased Red Blood Cells. Biosensors (Basel) 2018; 8:E76. [PMID: 30103419 PMCID: PMC6164935 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In red blood cell (RBC) disorders, such as sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, and diabetes, alterations to the size and shape of RBCs due to either mutations of RBC proteins or changes to the extracellular environment, lead to compromised cell deformability, impaired cell stability, and increased propensity to aggregate. Numerous laboratory approaches have been implemented to elucidate the pathogenesis of RBC disorders. Concurrently, computational RBC models have been developed to simulate the dynamics of RBCs under physiological and pathological conditions. In this work, we review recent laboratory and computational studies of disordered RBCs. Distinguished from previous reviews, we emphasize how experimental techniques and computational modeling can be synergically integrated to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Dimitrios P Papageorgiou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Lu Lu
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yixiang Deng
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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32
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Moura PL, Hawley BR, Mankelow TJ, Griffiths RE, Dobbe JGG, Streekstra GJ, Anstee DJ, Satchwell TJ, Toye AM. Non-muscle myosin II drives vesicle loss during human reticulocyte maturation. Haematologica 2018; 103:1997-2007. [PMID: 30076174 PMCID: PMC6269291 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.199083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of maturation of reticulocytes into fully mature erythrocytes that occurs in the circulation is known to be characterized by a complex interplay between loss of cell surface area and volume, removal of remnant cell organelles and redundant proteins, and highly selective membrane and cytoskeletal remodeling. However, the mechanisms that underlie and drive these maturational processes in vivo are currently poorly understood and, at present, reticulocytes derived through in vitro culture fail to undergo the final transition to erythrocytes. Here, we used high-throughput proteomic methods to highlight differences between erythrocytes, cultured reticulocytes and endogenous reticulocytes. We identify a cytoskeletal protein, non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) whose abundance and phosphorylation status differs between reticulocytes and erythrocytes and localized it in the proximity of autophagosomal vesicles. An ex vivo circulation system was developed to simulate the mechanical shear component of circulation and demonstrated that mechanical stimulus is necessary, but insufficient for reticulocyte maturation. Using this system in concurrence with non-muscle myosin II inhibition, we demonstrate the involvement of non-muscle myosin IIA in reticulocyte remodeling and propose a previously undescribed mechanism of shear stress-responsive vesicle clearance that is crucial for reticulocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tosti J Mankelow
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca E Griffiths
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK.,UQ-StemCARE, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes G G Dobbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J Streekstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David J Anstee
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy J Satchwell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK .,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley M Toye
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK .,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
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33
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Leal JKF, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Bosman GJCGM. Red Blood Cell Homeostasis: Mechanisms and Effects of Microvesicle Generation in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:703. [PMID: 29937736 PMCID: PMC6002509 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) generate microvesicles to remove damaged cell constituents such as oxidized hemoglobin and damaged membrane constituents, and thereby prolong their lifespan. Damage to hemoglobin, in combination with altered phosphorylation of membrane proteins such as band 3, lead to a weakening of the binding between the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton, and thereby to membrane budding and microparticle shedding. Microvesicle generation is disturbed in patients with RBC-centered diseases, such as sickle cell disease, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, spherocytosis or malaria. A disturbance of the membrane-cytoskeleton interaction is likely to be the main underlying mechanism, as is supported by data obtained from RBCs stored in blood bank conditions. A detailed proteomic, lipidomic and immunogenic comparison of microvesicles derived from different sources is essential in the identification of the processes that trigger vesicle generation. The contribution of RBC-derived microvesicles to inflammation, thrombosis and autoimmune reactions emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of microvesicle generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joames K F Leal
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Giel J C G M Bosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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