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Fan Y, Liu X, Guan F, Hang X, He X, Jin J. Investigating the Potential Shared Molecular Mechanisms between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease via Transcriptomic Analysis. Viruses 2024; 16:100. [PMID: 38257800 PMCID: PMC10821526 DOI: 10.3390/v16010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 may elevate the risk of cognitive impairment and even cause dementia in infected individuals; it may accelerate cognitive decline in elderly patients with dementia, possibly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the mechanisms underlying the interplay between AD and COVID-19 are still unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanisms and associations between AD progression and SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a series of bioinformatics research into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, COVID-19 patients, AD patients, and SARS-CoV-2-infected AD patients. We identified the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in COVID-19 patients, AD patients, and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, and these DEGs are enriched in certain pathways, such as immune responses and cytokine storms. We constructed the gene interaction network with the signaling transduction module in the center and identified IRF7, STAT1, STAT2, and OAS1 as the hub genes. We also checked the correlations between several key transcription factors and the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pathway-related genes. We observed that ACE2 expression is positively correlated with IRF7 expression in AD and coronavirus infections, and interestingly, IRF7 is significantly upregulated in response to different RNA virus infections. Further snRNA-seq analysis indicates that NRGN neurons or endothelial cells may be responsible for the increase in ACE2 and IRF7 expression after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The positive correlation between ACE2 and IRF7 expressions is confirmed in the hippocampal formation (HF) of SARS-CoV-2-infected AD patients. Our findings could contribute to the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between AD and COVID-19 and to the development of effective therapeutic strategies for AD patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaozhao Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ximiao He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Guglietti B, Mustafa S, Corrigan F, Collins-Praino LE. Anatomical distribution of Fyn kinase in the human brain in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 118:105957. [PMID: 38101025 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fyn kinase is an Src family kinase (SFK) widely expressed in many tissues, including the CNS. Recently, Fyn kinase activation has been associated with pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases and, as such, the role of Fyn dysfunction is under investigation. In particular, Fyn is implicated as a major upstream regulator of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Chronic neuroinflammation has been observed not just in the substantia nigra (SN), but also in several key regions of the brain, with disruption associated with symptoms presentation in PD. This study aimed to characterise the anatomical distribution of Fyn in key brain regions affected in PD, namely the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and SN. METHODS Fresh and fixed post-mortem PD brain samples (n = 10) were collected and compared with neurologically healthy age-matched controls (n = 7) to assess markers of Fyn activity and neuroinflammation. RESULTS Increased Fyn phosphorylation was observed in SN and striatum of post-mortem samples from PD patients compared with controls. No such increase was observed in the prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. In contrast with previous findings, no increase in microglial activation or astrocyte reactivity was observed in PD brains across regions. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that Fyn dysfunction may be involved in the pathological processes observed in PD; however, this appears to be independent of inflammatory mechanisms. Further investigations are required to elucidate if increased Fyn activity is a potential cause or consequence of pathological processing in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Guglietti
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Chujan S, Cholpraipimolrat W, Satayavivad J. Integrated Transcriptomics and Network Analysis Identified Altered Neural Mechanisms in Frontal Aging Brain-Associated Alzheimer's Disease. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10549-9. [PMID: 37934339 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. The late stage of AD typically develops after 60 years of age and AD pathogenesis can be detected predominately in the frontal lobe, which is responsible for memory. Multiple alterations in cellular mechanisms have been associated with AD, but there is no clear information on AD pathogenesis during brain aging. This study aimed to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the frontal lobe of aging brains and to identify shared crucial mechanisms in the aging brain linked to AD pathogenesis. Three datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Biological function analysis was performed by DAVID and KEGG databases. An AD patient's cohort (GSE150696) was collected for verification of the enriched pathway. The results demonstrated that multiple neurochemical synapsis and regulation of the cytoskeleton are linked to AD pathogenesis during aging. Taken together, this study contributes to our further understanding of neural alterations during aging in AD that could be used to develop therapeutics for early intervention to prevent or slow progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthipong Chujan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Loveland PM, Yu JJ, Churilov L, Yassi N, Watson R. Investigation of Inflammation in Lewy Body Dementia: A Systematic Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12116. [PMID: 37569491 PMCID: PMC10418754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy body dementia (LBD). Our objectives were to, firstly, review inflammation investigation methods in LBD (dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia) and, secondly, identify alterations in inflammatory signals in LBD compared to people without neurodegenerative disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic scoping review was performed by searching major electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PSYCHInfo) to identify relevant human studies. Of the 2509 results screened, 80 studies were included. Thirty-six studies analyzed postmortem brain tissue, and 44 investigated living subjects with cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and/or brain imaging assessments. Largely cross-sectional data were available, although two longitudinal clinical studies investigated prodromal Lewy body disease. Investigations were focused on inflammatory immune cell activity (microglia, astrocytes, and lymphocytes) and inflammatory molecules (cytokines, etc.). Results of the included studies identified innate and adaptive immune system contributions to inflammation associated with Lewy body pathology and clinical disease features. Different signals in early and late-stage disease, with possible late immune senescence and dystrophic glial cell populations, were identified. The strength of these associations is limited by the varying methodologies, small study sizes, and cross-sectional nature of the data. Longitudinal studies investigating associations with clinical and other biomarker outcomes are needed to improve understanding of inflammatory activity over the course of LBD. This could identify markers of disease activity and support therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M. Loveland
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
| | - Jenny J. Yu
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
| | - Rosie Watson
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3000, Australia
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Park JC, Lim H, Byun MS, Yi D, Byeon G, Jung G, Kim YK, Lee DY, Han SH, Mook-Jung I. Sex differences in the progression of glucose metabolism dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1023-1032. [PMID: 37121979 PMCID: PMC10238450 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and impaired brain metabolism. Because women have a higher prevalence of AD than men, sex differences are of great interest. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data, we showed sex-dependent metabolic dysregulations in the brains of AD patients. Cohort 1 (South Korean, n = 181) underwent Pittsburgh compound B-PET, fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, magnetic resonance imaging, and blood biomarker (plasma tau and beta-amyloid 42 and 40) measurements at baseline and two-year follow-ups. Transcriptome analysis of data from Cohorts 2 and 3 (European, n = 78; Singaporean, n = 18) revealed sex differences in AD-related alterations in brain metabolism. In women (but not in men), all imaging indicators displayed consistent correlation curves with AD progression. At the two-year follow-up, clear brain metabolic impairment was revealed only in women, and the plasma beta-amyloid 42/40 ratio was a possible biomarker for brain metabolism in women. Furthermore, our transcriptome analysis revealed sex differences in transcriptomes and metabolism in the brains of AD patients as well as a molecular network of 25 female-specific glucose metabolic genes (FGGs). We discovered four key-attractor FGG genes (ALDOA, ENO2, PRKACB, and PPP2R5D) that were associated with amyloid/tau-related genes (APP, MAPT, BACE1, and BACE2). Furthermore, these genes successfully distinguished amyloid positivity in women. Understanding sex differences in the pathogenesis of AD and considering these differences will improve development of effective diagnostics and therapeutic treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Lim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Byeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ilchun Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Xu J, Li J, Sun YJ, Quan W, Liu L, Zhang QH, Qin YD, Pei XC, Su H, Chen JJ. Identification of key genes and signaling pathways associated with dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia using bioinformatics. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1029370. [PMID: 36970514 PMCID: PMC10034123 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1029370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are collectively known as Lewy body dementia (LBD). Considering the heterogeneous nature of LBD and the different constellations of symptoms with which patients can present, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the differences between these two isoforms is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the biomarkers and potential mechanisms that distinguish between PDD and DLB.MethodsThe mRNA expression profile dataset of GSE150696 was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 12 DLB and 12 PDD were identified from Brodmann area 9 of human postmortem brains using GEO2R. A series of bioinformatics methods were applied to identify the potential signaling pathways involved, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to further investigate the relationship between gene co-expression and different LBD subtypes. Hub genes that are strongly associated with PDD and DLB were obtained from the intersection of DEGs and selected modules by WGCNA.ResultsA total of 1,864 DEGs between PDD and DLB were filtered by the online analysis tool GEO2R. We found that the most significant GO- and KEGG-enriched terms are involved in the establishment of the vesicle localization and pathways of neurodegeneration-multiple diseases. Glycerolipid metabolism and viral myocarditis were enriched in the PDD group. A B-cell receptor signaling pathway and one carbon pool by folate correlated with DLB in the results obtained from the GSEA. We found several clusters of co-expressed genes which we designated by colors in our WGCNA analysis. Furthermore, we identified seven upregulated genes, namely, SNAP25, GRIN2A, GABRG2, GABRA1, GRIA1, SLC17A6, and SYN1, which are significantly correlated with PDD.ConclusionThe seven hub genes and the signaling pathways we identified may be involved in the heterogeneous pathogenesis of PDD and DLB.
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Li D, Yang H, Lyu M, Wang J, Xu W, Wang Y. Acupuncture Therapy on Dementia: Explained with an Integrated Analysis on Therapeutic Targets and Associated Mechanisms. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S141-S158. [PMID: 36776063 PMCID: PMC10473135 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), remains a global health challenge. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of acupuncture therapy (AT) in improving dementia. Nevertheless, the therapeutic targets and integrated biological mechanisms involved remain ambiguous. OBJECTIVE To identify therapeutic targets and biological mechanisms of AT in treating dementia by integrated analysis strategy. METHODS By the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AD, VaD, and molecular targets of AT active components, the acupuncture therapeutic targets associated with the biological response to AD and VaD were extracted. Therapeutic targets-based functional enrichment analysis was conducted, and multiple networks were constructed. AT-therapeutic crucial targets were captured by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The interactions between crucial targets with AT active components were verified by molecular docking. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that 132 and 76 acupuncture therapeutic targets were associated with AD and VaD. AT-therapeutic crucial targets including 58 for AD and 24 for VaD were captured by WGCNA, with 11 in shared, including NMU, GRP, TAC1, ADRA1D, and SST. In addition, 35 and 14 signaling pathways were significantly enriched by functional enrichment analysis, with 6 mutual pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, GABAergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels. CONCLUSION The improvement of AD and VaD by AT was associated with modulation of synaptic function, immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our study clarified the therapeutic targets of AT on dementia, providing valuable clues for complementing and combining pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingqian Lyu
- Department of Computer Science, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Xu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Health Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Liu YS, Zhao HF, Li Q, Cui HW, Huang GD. Research Progress on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease from the Perspective of Chronic Stress. Aging Dis 2022:AD.2022.1211. [PMID: 37163426 PMCID: PMC10389837 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its extremely complex pathogenesis, no effective drugs to prevent, delay progression, or cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) exist at present. The main pathological features of AD are senile plaques composed of β-amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, and degeneration or loss of neurons in the brain. Many risk factors associated with the onset of AD, including gene mutations, aging, traumatic brain injury, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases, education level, and obesity. Growing evidence points to chronic stress as one of the major risk factors for AD, as it can promote the onset and development of AD-related pathologies via a mechanism that is not well known. The use of murine stress models, including restraint, social isolation, noise, and unpredictable stress, has contributed to improving our understanding of the relationship between chronic stress and AD. This review summarizes the evidence derived from murine models on the pathological features associated with AD and the related molecular mechanisms induced by chronic stress. These results not only provide a retrospective interpretation for understanding the pathogenesis of AD, but also provide a window of opportunity for more effective preventive and identifying therapeutic strategies for stress-induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Wei Cui
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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He YJ, Cong L, Liang SL, Ma X, Tian JN, Li H, Wu Y. Discovery and validation of Ferroptosis-related molecular patterns and immune characteristics in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1056312. [PMID: 36506471 PMCID: PMC9727409 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1056312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully elucidated. Much evidence suggests that Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD, but little is known about its molecular immunological mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively analyse and explore the molecular mechanisms and immunological features of Ferroptosis-related genes in the pathogenesis of AD. Materials and methods We obtained the brain tissue dataset for AD from the GEO database and downloaded the Ferroptosis-related gene set from FerrDb for analysis. The most relevant Hub genes for AD were obtained using two machine learning algorithms (Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multiple support vector machine recursive feature elimination (mSVM-RFE)). The study of the Hub gene was divided into two parts. In the first part, AD patients were genotyped by unsupervised cluster analysis, and the different clusters' immune characteristics were analysed. A PCA approach was used to quantify the FRGscore. In the second part: we elucidate the biological functions involved in the Hub genes and their role in the immune microenvironment by integrating algorithms (GSEA, GSVA and CIBERSORT). Analysis of Hub gene-based drug regulatory networks and mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory networks using Cytoscape. Hub genes were further analysed using logistic regression models. Results Based on two machine learning algorithms, we obtained a total of 10 Hub genes. Unsupervised clustering successfully identified two different clusters, and immune infiltration analysis showed a significantly higher degree of immune infiltration in type A than in type B, indicating that type A may be at the peak of AD neuroinflammation. Secondly, a Hub gene-based Gene-Drug regulatory network and a ceRNA regulatory network were successfully constructed. Finally, a logistic regression algorithm-based AD diagnosis model and Nomogram diagram were developed. Conclusion Our study provides new insights into the role of Ferroptosis-related molecular patterns and immune mechanisms in AD, as well as providing a theoretical basis for the addition of diagnostic markers for AD.
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Martinez-Gomez L, Cerdán-Vélez D, Abascal F, Tress ML. Origins and Evolution of Human Tandem Duplicated Exon Substitution Events. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6809199. [PMID: 36346145 PMCID: PMC9741552 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutually exclusive splicing of tandem duplicated exons produces protein isoforms that are identical save for a homologous region that allows for the fine tuning of protein function. Tandem duplicated exon substitution events are rare, yet highly important alternative splicing events. Most events are ancient, their isoforms are highly expressed, and they have significantly more pathogenic mutations than other splice events. Here, we analyzed the physicochemical properties and functional roles of the homologous polypeptide regions produced by the 236 tandem duplicated exon substitutions annotated in the human gene set. We find that the most important structural and functional residues in these homologous regions are maintained, and that most changes are conservative rather than drastic. Three quarters of the isoforms produced from tandem duplicated exon substitution events are tissue-specific, particularly in nervous and cardiac tissues, and tandem duplicated exon substitution events are enriched in functional terms related to structures in the brain and skeletal muscle. We find considerable evidence for the convergent evolution of tandem duplicated exon substitution events in vertebrates, arthropods, and nematodes. Twelve human gene families have orthologues with tandem duplicated exon substitution events in both Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Six of these gene families are ion transporters, suggesting that tandem exon duplication in genes that control the flow of ions into the cell has an adaptive benefit. The ancient origins, the strong indications of tissue-specific functions, and the evidence of convergent evolution suggest that these events may have played important roles in the evolution of animal tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Gomez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C. Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Cerdán-Vélez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C. Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Abascal
- Somatic Evolution Group, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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Shokhirev MN, Johnson AA. An integrative machine-learning meta-analysis of high-throughput omics data identifies age-specific hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101721. [PMID: 36029998 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incredibly complex and presently incurable age-related brain disorder. To better understand this debilitating disease, we collated and performed a meta-analysis on publicly available RNA-Seq, microarray, proteomics, and microRNA samples derived from AD patients and non-AD controls. 4089 samples originating from brain tissues and blood remained after applying quality filters. Since disease progression in AD correlates with age, we stratified this large dataset into three different age groups: < 75 years, 75-84 years, and ≥ 85 years. The RNA-Seq, microarray, and proteomics datasets were then combined into different integrated datasets. Ensemble machine learning was employed to identify genes and proteins that can accurately classify samples as either AD or control. These predictive inputs were then subjected to network-based enrichment analyses. The ability of genes/proteins associated with different pathways in the Molecular Signatures Database to diagnose AD was also tested. We separately identified microRNAs that can be used to make an AD diagnosis and subjected the predicted gene targets of the most predictive microRNAs to an enrichment analysis. The following key themes emerged from our machine learning and bioinformatics analyses: cell death, cellular senescence, energy metabolism, genomic integrity, glia, immune system, metal ion homeostasis, oxidative stress, proteostasis, and synaptic function. Many of the results demonstrated unique age-specificity. For example, terms highlighting cellular senescence only emerged in the earliest and intermediate age ranges while the majority of results relevant to cell death appeared in the youngest patients. Existing literature corroborates the importance of these hallmarks in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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12
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Chrysin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuron damage and behavioral deficits in mice through inhibition of Fyn. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109118. [PMID: 35963156 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fyn, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, plays an important role in microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and may serve as a candidate therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, we discovered that chrysin, a natural flavonoid compound, suppressed the activation of Fyn kinase and further alleviated neuroinflammation-induced neuron damage and behavior deficits. Functionally, chrysin improved lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment and depressive behaviors in mice, it also protected against LPS-induced neuronal degeneration and loss and synaptic defects in mice. Our study demonstrated that chrysin inhibited the activation of microglia and reduced the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. Furthermore, our data indicated that chrysin blocked phosphorylation of Fyn and activation of NF-κB. Transfection with siRNA-Fyn validated that knockdown of Fyn partly abolished the inhibitory effect of chrysin on the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB activation. Taken together, our findings revealed that chrysin alleviated LPS-induced neuron damage and behavioral deficits by inhibiting the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway, which might be mediated by inhibition of Fyn.
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13
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Chua XY, Chong JR, Cheng AL, Lee JH, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Francis PT, Lai MKP. Elevation of inactive cleaved annexin A1 in the neocortex is associated with amyloid, inflammatory and apoptotic markers in neurodegenerative dementias. Neurochem Int 2022; 152:105251. [PMID: 34861326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is usually a tightly regulated process whose termination by mediators including Annexin A1 (AnxA1) results in the resolution of inflammatory responses. In neurodegenerative dementias, chronic neuroinflammation, along with accumulation of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and apoptosis, has long been recognized to be a pathological hallmark; but it is unclear whether a failure of inflammation resolution contributes to this pathophysiological process. In this study, we measured AnxA1 immunoreactivities in postmortem neocortex (Brodmann areas BA9 and BA40) of well characterized Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients as well as aged controls. Inactive cleaved AnxA1 was found to be elevated in AD and DLB in BA40. Levels of cleaved AnxA1 also positively correlated with amyloidogenic brain Aβ, anti-inflammatory markers such as IL10 and IL13, as well as with the pro-apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 in BA40. Our findings suggest that elevated cleaved AnxA1 in neurodegenerative dementias may reflect a failure of inflammation resolution in certain regions of the diseased brain, and also support a mechanistic link between AnxA1 and amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Joyce R Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Ai Ling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Jasinda H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul T Francis
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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14
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Vavougios GD, Breza M, Mavridis T, Krogfelt KA. FYN, SARS-CoV-2, and IFITM3 in the neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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15
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Reveglia P, Nasso R, Angiolillo A, Lecce L, Paolillo C, De Tullio S, Gelzo M, Di Costanzo A, Matrone C, Corso G. Tandem Mass Spectrometry as Strategy for the Selective Identification and Quantification of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Tyr682 Residue Phosphorylation Status in Human Blood Mononuclear Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091297. [PMID: 34572510 PMCID: PMC8471626 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease without guidelines for early diagnosis or personalized treatment. Previous studies have highlighted a crucial role of increasing phosphorylation levels of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) Tyr682 residue in predicting neuronal deficits in AD patients. However, the lack of a method for the identification and quantification of Tyr682 phosphorylation levels prevents its potential clinical applications. Methods: Here we report a method to identify and quantify APP Tyr682 phosphorylation levels in blood mononuclear cells of AD patients by tandem mass spectrometry (tMS). Results: This method showed excellent sensitivity with detection and quantification limits set respectively at 0.035 and 0.082 ng injected for the phosphorylated peptide and at 0.02 and 0.215 ng injected for the non-phosphorylated peptide. The average levels of both peptides were quantified in transfected HELA cells (2.48 and 3.53 ng/μg of protein, respectively). Preliminary data on 3 AD patients showed quantifiable levels of phosphorylated peptide (0.10–0.15 ng/μg of protein) and below the LOQ level of non-phosphorylated peptide (0.13 ng/μg of protein). Conclusion: This method could allow the identification of patients with increased APP Tyr682 phosphorylation and allow early characterization of molecular changes prior to the appearance of clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Reveglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.R.); (L.L.); (C.P.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.)
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Lucia Lecce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.R.); (L.L.); (C.P.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Carmela Paolillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.R.); (L.L.); (C.P.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Samantha De Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.R.); (L.L.); (C.P.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Monica Gelzo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Carmela Matrone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.)
| | - Gaetano Corso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (P.R.); (L.L.); (C.P.); (S.D.T.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Guglietti B, Sivasankar S, Mustafa S, Corrigan F, Collins-Praino LE. Fyn Kinase Activity and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology: a Potential Universal Target? Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5986-6005. [PMID: 34432266 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fyn is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Src family of kinases (SFKs) which has been implicated in several integral functions throughout the central nervous system (CNS), including myelination and synaptic transmission. More recently, Fyn dysfunction has been associated with pathological processes observed in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Neurodegenerative diseases are amongst the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and, due to the ageing population, prevalence is predicted to rise in the coming years. Symptoms across neurodegenerative diseases are both debilitating and degenerative in nature and, concerningly, there are currently no disease-modifying therapies to prevent their progression. As such, it is important to identify potential new therapeutic targets. This review will outline the role of Fyn in normal/homeostatic processes, as well as degenerative/pathological mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as demyelination, pathological protein aggregation, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Guglietti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Srisankavi Sivasankar
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SG31, Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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17
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Dominguez-Meijide A, Vasili E, Outeiro TF. Pharmacological Modulators of Tau Aggregation and Spreading. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E858. [PMID: 33203009 PMCID: PMC7696562 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of aggregates composed of abnormal tau protein in the brain. Additionally, misfolded forms of tau can propagate from cell to cell and throughout the brain. This process is thought to lead to the templated misfolding of the native forms of tau, and thereby, to the formation of newer toxic aggregates, thereby propagating the disease. Therefore, modulation of the processes that lead to tau aggregation and spreading is of utmost importance in the fight against tauopathies. In recent years, several molecules have been developed for the modulation of tau aggregation and spreading. In this review, we discuss the processes of tau aggregation and spreading and highlight selected chemicals developed for the modulation of these processes, their usefulness, and putative mechanisms of action. Ultimately, a stronger understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved, and the properties of the substances developed to modulate them, will lead to the development of safer and better strategies for the treatment of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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