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Aloss K, Hamar P. Augmentation of the EPR effect by mild hyperthermia to improve nanoparticle delivery to the tumor. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189109. [PMID: 38750699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The clinical translation of the nanoparticle (NP)-based anticancer therapies is still unsatisfactory due to the heterogeneity of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Despite the promising preclinical outcome of the pharmacological EPR enhancers, their systemic toxicity can limit their clinical application. Hyperthermia (HT) presents an efficient tool to augment the EPR by improving tumor blood flow (TBF) and vascular permeability, lowering interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and disrupting the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, the HT-triggered intravascular release approach can overcome the EPR effect. In contrast to pharmacological approaches, HT is safe and can be focused to cancer tissues. Moreover, HT conveys direct anti-cancer effects, which improve the efficacy of the anti-cancer agents encapsulated in NPs. However, the clinical application of HT is challenging due to the heterogeneous distribution of temperature within the tumor, the length of the treatment and the complexity of monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Aloss
- Institute of Translational Medicine - Semmelweis University - 1094, Tűzoltó utca, 37-49, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine - Semmelweis University - 1094, Tűzoltó utca, 37-49, Budapest, Hungary.
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Tanaka HY, Nakazawa T, Miyazaki T, Cabral H, Masamune A, Kano MR. Targeting ROCK2 improves macromolecular permeability in a 3D fibrotic pancreatic cancer microenvironment model. J Control Release 2024; 369:283-295. [PMID: 38522816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a densely fibrotic stroma. The fibrotic stroma hinders the intratumoral penetration of nanomedicine and diminishes therapeutic efficacy. Fibrosis is characterized by an abnormal organization of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, namely the abnormal deposition and/or orientation of collagen and fibronectin. Abnormal ECM organization is chiefly driven by pathological signaling in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the main cell type involved in fibrogenesis. However, whether targeting signaling pathways involved in abnormal ECM organization improves the intratumoral penetration of nanomedicines is unknown. Here, we show that targeting transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) 1/2 signaling in PSCs normalizes ECM organization and concomitantly improves macromolecular permeability of the fibrotic stroma. Using a 3-dimensional cell culture model of the fibrotic pancreatic cancer microenvironment, we found that pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ or ROCK1/2 improves the permeation of various macromolecules. By using an isoform-specific pharmacological inhibitor and siRNAs, we show that targeting ROCK2, but not ROCK1, alone is sufficient to normalize ECM organization and improve macromolecular permeability. Moreover, we found that ROCK2 inhibition/knockdown attenuates Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization in fibroblasts co-cultured with pancreatic cancer cells in 3D. Finally, pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of YAP normalized ECM organization and improved macromolecular permeability. Our results together suggest that the TGFβ/ROCK2/YAP signaling axis may be therapeutically targeted to normalize ECM organization and improve macromolecular permeability to augment therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Y Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina-shi, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu R Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Connaughton M, Dabagh M. Modeling Physical Forces Experienced by Cancer and Stromal Cells Within Different Organ-Specific Tumor Tissue. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2024; 12:413-434. [PMID: 38765886 PMCID: PMC11100865 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2024.3388561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical force exerted on cancer cells by their microenvironment have been reported to drive cells toward invasive phenotypes by altering cells' motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. These mechanical forces include compressive, tensile, hydrostatic, and shear forces. The importance of forces is then hypothesized to be an alteration of cancer cells' and their microenvironment's biophysical properties as the indicator of a tumor's malignancy state. Our objective is to investigate and quantify the correlation between a tumor's malignancy state and forces experienced by the cancer cells and components of the microenvironment. In this study, we have developed a multicomponent, three-dimensional model of tumor tissue consisting of a cancer cell surrounded by fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM). Our results on three different organs including breast, kidney, and pancreas show that: A) the stresses within tumor tissue are impacted by the organ specific ECM's biophysical properties, B) more invasive cancer cells experience higher stresses, C) in pancreas which has a softer ECM (Young modulus of 1.0 kPa) and stiffer cancer cells (Young modulus of 2.4 kPa and 1.7 kPa) than breast and kidney, cancer cells experienced significantly higher stresses, D) cancer cells in contact with ECM experienced higher stresses compared to cells surrounded by fibroblasts but the area of tumor stroma experiencing high stresses has a maximum length of 40 μm when the cancer cell is surrounded by fibroblasts and 12 μm for when the cancer cell is in vicinity of ECM. This study serves as an important first step in understanding of how the stresses experienced by cancer cells, fibroblasts, and ECM are associated with malignancy states of cancer cells in different organs. The quantification of forces exerted on cancer cells by different organ-specific ECM and at different stages of malignancy will help, first to develop theranostic strategies, second to predict accurately which tumors will become highly malignant, and third to establish accurate criteria controlling the progression of cancer cells malignancy. Furthermore, our in silico model of tumor tissue can yield critical, useful information for guiding ex vivo or in vitro experiments, narrowing down variables to be investigated, understanding what factors could be impacting cancer treatments or even biomarkers to be looking for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Connaughton
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Mahsa Dabagh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
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Li Z, Mo F, Guo K, Ren S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Schwartz PB, Richmond N, Liu F, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Hu Q. Nanodrug-bacteria conjugates-mediated oncogenic collagen depletion enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy against pancreatic cancer. MED 2024; 5:348-367.e7. [PMID: 38521069 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cancer cells specifically produce abnormal oncogenic collagen to bind with integrin α3β1 receptor and activate the downstream focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein kinase B (AKT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Collectively, this promotes immunosuppression and tumor proliferation and restricts the response rate of clinical cancer immunotherapies. METHODS Here, by leveraging the hypoxia tropism and excellent motility of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN), we developed nanodrug-bacteria conjugates to penetrate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and shuttle the surface-conjugated protein cages composed of collagenases and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies to PDAC tumor parenchyma. FINDINGS We found the oncogenic collagen expression in human pancreatic cancer patients and demonstrated its interaction with integrin α3β1. We proved that reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment of PDAC triggered collagenase release to degrade oncogenic collagen and block integrin α3β1-FAK signaling pathway, thus overcoming the immunosuppression and synergizing with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study highlights the significance of oncogenic collagen in PDAC immunotherapy, and consequently, we developed a therapeutic strategy that can deplete oncogenic collagen to synergize with immune checkpoint blockade for enhanced PDAC treatment efficacy. FUNDING This work was supported by the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Research Collaborative and Pancreas Cancer Research Task Force, UWCCC Transdisciplinary Cancer Immunology-Immunotherapy Pilot Project, and the start-up package from the University of Wisconsin-Madison (to Q.H.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoting Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Fanyi Mo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Patrick B Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nathaniel Richmond
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sean M Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Aoki S, Ishikawa H, Nakajima M, Yamamoto N, Mori S, Omatsu T, Tada Y, Mizobuchi T, Ikeda S, Yoshino I, Yamada S. Safety and Efficacy of Single-Fraction Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Lung Cancer with Interstitial Pneumonia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:562. [PMID: 38339314 PMCID: PMC10854500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with lung cancer complicated by interstitial pneumonia (IP) often lose treatment options early owing to acute exacerbation of IP concerns. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) can provide superior tumor control and low toxicity at high dose concentrations. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of a single-fraction CIRT using 50 Gy for IP-complicated lung cancer. The study included 50 consecutive patients treated between April 2013 and September 2022, whose clinical stage of lung cancer (UICC 7th edition) was 1A:1B:2A:2B = 32:13:4:1. Of these, 32 (64%) showed usual interstitial pneumonia patterns. With a median follow-up of 23.5 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS), cause-specific survival, and local control rates were 45.0, 75.4, and 77.8%, respectively. The median lung V5 and V20 were 10.0 and 5.2%, respectively (mean lung dose, 2.6 Gy). The lung dose, especially lung V20, showed a strong association with OS (p = 0.0012). Grade ≥ 2 pneumonia was present in six patients (13%), including two (4%) with suspected grade 5. CIRT can provide a relatively safe and curative treatment for patients with IP-complicated lung cancer. However, IP increases the risk of severe radiation pneumonitis, and further studies are required to assess the appropriate indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuri Aoki
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan; (S.A.); (M.N.); (N.Y.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan; (S.A.); (M.N.); (N.Y.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mio Nakajima
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan; (S.A.); (M.N.); (N.Y.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Naoyoshi Yamamoto
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan; (S.A.); (M.N.); (N.Y.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shinichiro Mori
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan; (S.A.); (M.N.); (N.Y.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tokuhiko Omatsu
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan; (S.A.); (M.N.); (N.Y.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Hatakeda 852, Narita 286-8520, Japan;
| | - Teruaki Mizobuchi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, 1-8-1 Izumi-Cho, Narashino-shi 275-8580, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1, Tomioka-higashi, Kanazawa-ku 236-0051, Japan;
| | - Ichiro Yoshino
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Hatakeda 852, Narita 286-8520, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan; (S.A.); (M.N.); (N.Y.); (S.M.); (T.O.); (S.Y.)
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Machireddy A, Thibault G, Loftis KG, Stoltz K, Bueno CE, Smith HR, Riesterer JL, Gray JW, Song X. Segmentation of cellular ultrastructures on sparsely labeled 3D electron microscopy images using deep learning. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1308708. [PMID: 38162124 PMCID: PMC10754953 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1308708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) images can provide a detailed view of the cellular ultrastructure of tumor cells. A deeper understanding of their organization and interactions can shed light on cancer mechanisms and progression. However, the bottleneck in the analysis is the delineation of the cellular structures to enable quantitative measurements and analysis. We mitigated this limitation using deep learning to segment cells and subcellular ultrastructure in 3D FIB-SEM images of tumor biopsies obtained from patients with metastatic breast and pancreatic cancers. The ultrastructures, such as nuclei, nucleoli, mitochondria, endosomes, and lysosomes, are relatively better defined than their surroundings and can be segmented with high accuracy using a neural network trained with sparse manual labels. Cell segmentation, on the other hand, is much more challenging due to the lack of clear boundaries separating cells in the tissue. We adopted a multi-pronged approach combining detection, boundary propagation, and tracking for cell segmentation. Specifically, a neural network was employed to detect the intracellular space; optical flow was used to propagate cell boundaries across the z-stack from the nearest ground truth image in order to facilitate the separation of individual cells; finally, the filopodium-like protrusions were tracked to the main cells by calculating the intersection over union measure for all regions detected in consecutive images along z-stack and connecting regions with maximum overlap. The proposed cell segmentation methodology resulted in an average Dice score of 0.93. For nuclei, nucleoli, and mitochondria, the segmentation achieved Dice scores of 0.99, 0.98, and 0.86, respectively. The segmentation of FIB-SEM images will enable interpretative rendering and provide quantitative image features to be associated with relevant clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Machireddy
- Program of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kevin G. Loftis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kevin Stoltz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Cecilia E. Bueno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Hannah R. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jessica L. Riesterer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xubo Song
- Program of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Pagano L, Thibault G, Bousselham W, Riesterer JL, Song X, Gray JW. Efficient semi-supervised semantic segmentation of electron microscopy cancer images with sparse annotations. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1308707. [PMID: 38162122 PMCID: PMC10757843 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1308707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) enables imaging at a resolution of nanometers and can shed light on how cancer evolves to develop resistance to therapy. Acquiring these images has become a routine task.However, analyzing them is now a bottleneck, as manual structure identification is very time-consuming and can take up to several months for a single sample. Deep learning approaches offer a suitable solution to speed up the analysis. In this work, we present a study of several state-of-the-art deep learning models for the task of segmenting nuclei and nucleoli in volumes from tumor biopsies. We compared previous results obtained with the ResUNet architecture to the more recent UNet++, FracTALResNet, SenFormer, and CEECNet models. In addition, we explored the utilization of unlabeled images through semi-supervised learning with Cross Pseudo Supervision. We have trained and evaluated all of the models on sparse manual labels from three fully annotated in-house datasets that we have made available on demand, demonstrating improvements in terms of 3D Dice score. From the analysis of these results, we drew conclusions on the relative gains of using more complex models, and semi-supervised learning as well as the next steps for the mitigation of the manual segmentation bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pagano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Walid Bousselham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jessica L. Riesterer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xubo Song
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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8
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Pagano L, Thibault G, Bousselham W, Riesterer JL, Song X, Gray JW. Efficient semi-supervised semantic segmentation of electron microscopy cancer images with sparse annotations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.563998. [PMID: 37961180 PMCID: PMC10635003 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.563998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) enables imaging at nanometer resolution and can shed light on how cancer evolves to develop resistance to therapy. Acquiring these images has become a routine task; however, analyzing them is now the bottleneck, as manual structure identification is very time-consuming and can take up to several months for a single sample. Deep learning approaches offer a suitable solution to speed up the analysis. In this work, we present a study of several state-of-the-art deep learning models for the task of segmenting nuclei and nucleoli in volumes from tumor biopsies. We compared previous results obtained with the ResUNet architecture to the more recent UNet++, FracTALResNet, SenFormer, and CEECNet models. In addition, we explored the utilization of unlabeled images through semi-supervised learning with Cross Pseudo Supervision. We have trained and evaluated all of the models on sparse manual labels from three fully annotated in-house datasets that we have made available on demand, demonstrating improvements in terms of 3D Dice score. From the analysis of these results, we drew conclusions on the relative gains of using more complex models, semi-supervised learning as well as next steps for the mitigation of the manual segmentation bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pagano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Walid Bousselham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jessica L. Riesterer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xubo Song
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Zhao DK, Liang J, Huang XY, Shen S, Wang J. Organoids technology for advancing the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1892. [PMID: 37088100 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the rapid development and widespread application of nanomedicines in cancer treatment; however, the clinical translation of experimental findings has been low, as evidenced by the low percentage of commercialized nanomedicines. Incomplete understanding of nanomedicine-tumor interactions and inappropriate evaluation models are two important challenges limiting the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines. Currently, nanomedicine-tumor interaction and therapeutic effects are mainly investigated using cell lines or mouse models, which do not recapitulate the complex tumor microenvironment in human patients. Thus, information obtained from cell lines and mouse models cannot provide adequate guidance for the rational redesign of nanomedicine. Compared with other preclinical models, tumor organoids constructed from patient-derived tumor tissues are superior in retaining the key histopathological, genetic, and phenotypic features of the parent tumor. We speculate that organoid technology would help elucidate nanomedicine-tumor interaction in the tumor microenvironment and guide the design of nanomedicine, making it a reliable tool to accurately predict drug responses in patients with cancer. This review highlighted the advantages of drug delivery systems in cancer treatment, challenges limiting the clinical translation of antitumor nanomedicines, and potential application of patient-derived organoids (PDO) in nanomedicine. We propose that combining organoids and nanotechnology would facilitate the development of safe and effective cancer nanomedicines and accelerate their clinical application. This review discussed the potential translational value of integrative research using organoids and cancer nanomedicine. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Igata Y, Kojima M, Suzuki T, Ishii G, Morisue R, Suzuki T, Kudo M, Sugimoto M, Kobayashi S, Martin JD, Stylianopoulos T, Cabral H, Kano MR, Konishi M, Gotohda N. Relationships between physical and immunological tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3783-3792. [PMID: 37337413 PMCID: PMC10475771 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is physically palpated as a hard tumor with an unfavorable prognosis. Assessing physical features and their association with pathological features could help to elucidate the mechanism of physical abnormalities in cancer tissues. A total of 93 patients who underwent radical surgery for pancreatic and bile duct cancers at a single center hospital during a 28-month period were recruited for this study that aimed to estimate the stiffness of PDAC tissues compared to the other neoplasms and assess relationships between tumor stiffness and pathological features. Physical alterations and pathological features of PDAC, with or without preoperative therapy, were analyzed. The immunological tumor microenvironment was evaluated using multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemistry. The stiffness of PDAC correlated with the ratio of Azan-Mallory staining, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen I-positive areas of the tumors. Densities of CD8+ T cells and CD204+ macrophages were associated with tumor stiffness in cases without preoperative therapy. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with preoperative therapy was softer than that without, and the association between tumor stiffness and immune cell infiltration was not shown after preoperative therapy. We observed the relationship between tumor stiffness and immunological features in human PDAC for the first time. Immune cell densities in the tumor center were smaller in hard tumors than in soft tumors without preoperative therapies. Preoperative therapy could alter physical and immunological aspects, warranting further study. Understanding of the correlations between physical and immunological aspects could lead to the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Igata
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
- Course of Advanced Clinical Research of CancerJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial CenterNational Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | | | - Genichiro Ishii
- Department of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
| | - Ryo Morisue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial CenterNational Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Pharmacology, School of MedicineTeikyo UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial CenterNational Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Masashi Kudo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
| | - Motokazu Sugimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
| | | | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsunobu R. Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health SystemsOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Masaru Konishi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
| | - Naoto Gotohda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
- Course of Advanced Clinical Research of CancerJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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11
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Yun WS, Kim J, Lim DK, Kim DH, Jeon SI, Kim K. Recent Studies and Progress in the Intratumoral Administration of Nano-Sized Drug Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2225. [PMID: 37570543 PMCID: PMC10421122 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, diverse types of nano-sized drug delivery systems (nanoDDSs) have been intensively explored for cancer therapy, exploiting their passive tumor targetability with an enhanced permeability and retention effect. However, their systemic administration has aroused some unavoidable complications, including insufficient tumor-targeting efficiency, side effects due to their undesirable biodistribution, and carrier-associated toxicity. In this review, the recent studies and advancements in intratumoral nanoDDS administration are generally summarized. After identifying the factors to be considered to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of intratumoral nanoDDS administration, the experimental results on the application of intratumoral nanoDDS administration to various types of cancer therapies are discussed. Subsequently, the reports on clinical studies of intratumoral nanoDDS administration are addressed in short. Intratumoral nanoDDS administration is proven with its versatility to enhance the tumor-specific accumulation and retention of therapeutic agents for various therapeutic modalities. Specifically, it can improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents with poor bioavailability by increasing their intratumoral concentration, while minimizing the side effect of highly toxic agents by restricting their delivery to normal tissues. Intratumoral administration of nanoDDS is considered to expand its application area due to its potent ability to improve therapeutic effects and relieve the systemic toxicities of nanoDDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Su Yun
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST), Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST), Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST), Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST), Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ik Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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12
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Olajubutu O, Ogundipe OD, Adebayo A, Adesina SK. Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051318. [PMID: 37242560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is fast becoming a global menace and it is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which develop in the pancreas' exocrine region, are the predominant type of pancreatic cancer, representing about 95% of total pancreatic tumors. The malignancy progresses asymptomatically, making early diagnosis difficult. It is characterized by excessive production of fibrotic stroma known as desmoplasia, which aids tumor growth and metastatic spread by remodeling the extracellular matrix and releasing tumor growth factors. For decades, immense efforts have been harnessed toward developing more effective drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer treatment leveraging nanotechnology, immunotherapy, drug conjugates, and combinations of these approaches. However, despite the reported preclinical success of these approaches, no substantial progress has been made clinically and the prognosis for pancreatic cancer is worsening. This review provides insights into challenges associated with the delivery of therapeutics for pancreatic cancer treatment and discusses drug delivery strategies to minimize adverse effects associated with current chemotherapy options and to improve the efficiency of drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omotola D Ogundipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Amusa Adebayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Simeon K Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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13
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Recent Preclinical and Clinical Progress in Liposomal Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030893. [PMID: 36986754 PMCID: PMC10054554 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-cancer agent that has garnered great interest in research due to its high efficacy despite dose-limiting toxicities. Several strategies have been exploited to enhance the efficacy and safety profile of DOX. Liposomes are the most established approach. Despite the improvement in safety properties of liposomal encapsulated DOX (in Doxil and Myocet), the efficacy is not superior to conventional DOX. Functionalized (targeted) liposomes present a more effective system to deliver DOX to the tumor. Moreover, encapsulation of DOX in pH-sensitive liposomes (PSLs) or thermo-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) combined with local heating has improved DOX accumulation in the tumor. Lyso-thermosensitive liposomal DOX (LTLD), MM-302, and C225-immunoliposomal(IL)-DOX have reached clinical trials. Further functionalized PEGylated liposomal DOX (PLD), TSLs, and PSLs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical models. Most of these formulations improved the anti-tumor activity compared to the currently available liposomal DOX. However, the fast clearance, the optimization of ligand density, stability, and release rate need more investigations. Therefore, we reviewed the latest approaches applied to deliver DOX more efficiently to the tumor, preserving the benefits obtained from FDA-approved liposomes.
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14
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Eguchi M, Hirata S, Ishigami I, Shuwari N, Ono R, Tachibana M, Tanuma M, Kasai A, Hashimoto H, Ogawara KI, Mizuguchi H, Sakurai F. Pre-treatment of oncolytic reovirus improves tumor accumulation and intratumoral distribution of PEG-liposomes. J Control Release 2023; 354:35-44. [PMID: 36586673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated liposomes (PEG-liposomes) are a promising drug delivery vehicle for tumor targeting because of their efficient tumor disposition profiles via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, tumor targeting of PEG-liposomes, particularly their delivery inside the tumors, is often disturbed by physical barriers in the tumor, including tumor cells themselves, extracellular matrices, and interstitial pressures. In this study, B16 melanoma tumor-bearing mice were injected intravenously with oncolytic reovirus before administration of PEG-liposomes to enhance PEG-liposomes' tumor disposition. Three days after reovirus administration, significant expression of reovirus sigma 3 protein, elevation of apoptosis-related gene expression, and activation of caspase 3 in the tumors were found. Apoptotic cells were found inside the tumors. These data indicated that reovirus efficiently replicated in the tumors and induced apoptosis of tumor cells. The tumor disposition levels of PEG-liposomes were approximately doubled by reovirus pre-administration, compared with a PBS-pretreated group. PEG-liposomes were widely distributed in the tumors of reovirus-pretreated mice, whereas in the PBS-pretreated group, PEG-liposomes were found mainly around or inside the blood vessels in the tumors. Pre-treatment with reovirus also improved the tumor accumulation of PEG-liposomes in human pancreatic BxPC-3 tumors. 3D imaging analysis of whole BxPC-3 tumors demonstrated that pretreatment with reovirus led to the enhancement of PEG-liposome accumulation inside the tumors. Combination treatment with reovirus and paclitaxel-loaded PEG-liposomes (PTX-PEG-liposomes) significantly suppressed B16 tumor growth. These results provide important information for clinical use of combination therapy of reovirus and nanoparticle-based drug delivery system (DDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Eguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiya Hirata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuho Ishigami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naomi Shuwari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ono
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Tanuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Organoid for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Discovery Resources Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito, Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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Tanaka HY, Nakazawa T, Enomoto A, Masamune A, Kano MR. Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Fibrotic Barriers to Nanomedicine in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030724. [PMID: 36765684 PMCID: PMC9913712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is notorious for its dismal prognosis. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect theory posits that nanomedicines (therapeutics in the size range of approximately 10-200 nm) selectively accumulate in tumors. Nanomedicine has thus been suggested to be the "magic bullet"-both effective and safe-to treat pancreatic cancer. However, the densely fibrotic tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer impedes nanomedicine delivery. The EPR effect is thus insufficient to achieve a significant therapeutic effect. Intratumoral fibrosis is chiefly driven by aberrantly activated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) components secreted. Fibroblast and ECM abnormalities offer various potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we detail the diverse strategies being tested to overcome the fibrotic barriers to nanomedicine in pancreatic cancer. Strategies that target the fibrotic tissue/process are discussed first, which are followed by strategies to optimize nanomedicine design. We provide an overview of how a deeper understanding, increasingly at single-cell resolution, of fibroblast biology is revealing the complex role of the fibrotic stroma in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and consider the therapeutic implications. Finally, we discuss critical gaps in our understanding and how we might better formulate strategies to successfully overcome the fibrotic barriers in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Y. Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu R. Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence:
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16
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Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect as a Ubiquitous and Epoch-Making Phenomenon for the Selective Drug Targeting of Solid Tumors. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121964. [PMID: 36556185 PMCID: PMC9784116 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1979, development of the first polymer drug SMANCS [styrene-co-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer conjugated to neocarzinostatin (NCS)] by Maeda and colleagues was a breakthrough in the cancer field. When SMANCS was administered to mice, drug accumulation in tumors was markedly increased compared with accumulation of the parental drug NCS. This momentous result led to discovery of the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) in 1986. Later, the EPR effect became known worldwide, especially in nanomedicine, and is still believed to be a universal mechanism for tumor-selective accumulation of nanomedicines. Some research groups recently characterized the EPR effect as a controversial concept and stated that it has not been fully demonstrated in clinical settings, but this erroneous belief is due to non-standard drug design and use of inappropriate tumor models in investigations. Many research groups recently provided solid evidence of the EPR effect in human cancers (e.g., renal and breast), with significant diversity and heterogeneity in various patients. In this review, we focus on the dynamics of the EPR effect and restoring tumor blood flow by using EPR effect enhancers. We also discuss new applications of EPR-based nanomedicine in boron neutron capture therapy and photodynamic therapy for solid tumors.
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Mohammadzadeh V, Rahiman N, Hosseinikhah SM, Barani M, Rahdar A, Jaafari MR, Sargazi S, Zirak MR, Pandey S, Bhattacharjee R, Gupta AK, Thakur VK, Sibuh BZ, Gupta PK. Novel EPR-enhanced strategies for targeted drug delivery in pancreatic cancer: An update. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Boyd LNC, Andini KD, Peters GJ, Kazemier G, Giovannetti E. Heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:184-196. [PMID: 33737108 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a notably poor prognosis, in urgent need of improved treatment strategies. The desmoplastic PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME), marked by a high concentration of cancer-associated-fibroblasts (CAFs), is a dynamic part of PDAC pathophysiology which occasions a variety of effects throughout the course of pancreatic tumorigenesis and disease evolution. A better understanding of the desmoplastic TME and CAF biology in particular, should provide new opportunities for improving therapeutics. That CAFs have a tumor-supportive role in oncogenesis is well known, yet research evidence has shown that CAFs also have tumor-repressive functions. In this review, we seek to clarify the intriguing heterogeneity and plasticity of CAFs and their ambivalent role in PDAC tumorigenesis and progression. Additionally, we provide recommendations to advance the implementation of CAF-directed PDAC care. An improved understanding of CAFs' origins, spatial location, functional diversity, and marker determination, as well as CAF behavior during the course of PDAC progression and metastasis will provide essential knowledge for the future improvement of therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka N C Boyd
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Katarina D Andini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini, 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme PI, Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Chen G, Cai Y, Li B, Lin M, Wang X, Wang Z, Shuai X. Theranostic nanosystem mediating cascade catalytic reactions for effective immunotherapy of highly immunosuppressive and poorly penetrable pancreatic tumor. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Development of Cancer Immunotherapies. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:1-48. [PMID: 35551655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of components of the immune system to target and eliminate cancer, has become a highly active area of research in the past several decades and a common treatment strategy for several cancer types. The concept of harnessing the immune system for this purpose originated over 100 years ago when a physician by the name of William Coley successfully treated several of his cancer patients with a combination of live and attenuated bacteria, later known as "Coley's Toxins", after observing a subset of prior patients enter remission following their diagnosis with the common bacterial infection, erysipelas. However, it was not until late in the twentieth century that cancer immunotherapies were developed for widespread use, thereby transforming the treatment landscape of numerous cancer types. Pivotal studies elucidating molecular and cellular functions of immune cells, such as the discovery of IL-2 and production of monoclonal antibodies, fostered the development of novel techniques for studying the immune system and ultimately the development and approval of several cancer immunotherapies by the United States Food and Drug Association in the 1980s and 1990s, including the tuberculosis vaccine-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, IL-2, and the CD20-targeting monoclonal antibody. Approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and the groundbreaking success and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in the last decade, have driven an explosion of interest in and pursuit of novel cancer immunotherapy strategies. A broad range of modalities ranging from antibodies to adoptive T cell therapies is under investigation for the generalized treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers as well as personalized medicine. This chapter will focus on the recent advances, current strategies, and future outlook of immunotherapy development for the treatment of cancer.
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21
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Chen S, Huang F, He C, Li J, Chen S, Li Y, Chen Y, Lian G, Huang K. Peripheral blood monocytes predict clinical prognosis and support tumor invasiveness through NF-κB-dependent upregulation of Snail in pancreatic cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:4773-4785. [PMID: 35116330 PMCID: PMC8797572 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor inflammatory microenvironment plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). Both the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and preoperative peripheral blood monocytes are related to the prognosis of PC patients. However, the direct effect of monocytes on PC cells is not fully understood. The current study aimed to assess the effect of monocytes on PC and explore its potential mechanism. Methods The cutoff value of peripheral blood monocytes was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to detect the mobility of PC cells. The cytokines derived from monocytes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was utilized to assess the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers. The expression level of Snail in PC tissue was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results A high monocyte count was inversely correlated with lymph node status and 5-year overall survival in PC. The PC cells underwent a cellular morphology change and increased cell motility after coculture with THP-1 monocytes. The THP-1 monocytes secreted various proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α), which activated the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway leading to the upregulation of Snail and thereby promoting the EMT of PC cells. The expression level of Snail correlated significantly with the density of peripheral blood monocytes, and their level status was significantly associated with 5-year overall survival. Conclusions These findings indicated that elevated monocytes counts were a poor prognostic marker in PC, and monocytes could directly induce the EMT process of PC cells by upregulating Snail expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangxiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoda Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Mondal P, Bailey KL, Cartwright SB, Band V, Carlson MA. Large Animal Models of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788038. [PMID: 35186735 PMCID: PMC8855936 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini review the status, advantages, and disadvantages of large animal modeling of breast cancer (BC) will be discussed. While most older studies of large animal BC models utilized canine and feline subjects, more recently there has been interest in development of porcine BC models, with some early promising results for modeling human disease. Widely used rodent models of BC were briefly reviewed to give context to the work on the large animal BC models. Availability of large animal BC models could provide additional tools for BC research, including availability of human-sized subjects and BC models with greater biologic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Mondal
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Katie L. Bailey
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sara B. Cartwright
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Center for Advanced Surgical Technology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,*Correspondence: Mark A. Carlson,
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23
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Essa N, O'Connell F, Prina-Mello A, O'Sullivan J, Marcone S. Gold nanoparticles and obese adipose tissue microenvironment in cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:1-8. [PMID: 34662546 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological correlation between obesity and cancer is well characterized, but the biological mechanisms which regulate tumor development and response to therapy in obese cancer patients remain unclear. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in protecting cancer cells by altering the delivery of anticancer therapy to the tumor tissue, reducing the efficacy of treatment. Obese tumor microenvironment provides additional benefits to the survival of tumor cells against anticancer therapies by altering the extracellular matrix composition, angiogenesis processes and the immune cells profile. Nanotechnology, and in particular gold nanoparticles, are being researched as a theranostic strategy for cancer treatment due to their ability to sensitize cancer cells to radiation and photodynamic therapy, enhance delivery of drugs to tumor cells, and in diagnostic applications. Adipose tissue and the obese tumor microenvironment may alter the activity of nanotherapeutics. In this article, we reviewed the current state of our understanding about the mechanisms by which the obese tumor microenvironment may alter the delivery and efficacy of anti-cancer treatments, and why the use of gold nanoparticles may represent an interesting strategy for cancer treatment in the obesity setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Essa
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Master in Science Degree in Translational Oncology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM) and Nanomedicine Group, Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Simone Marcone
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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24
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Advancing Tumor Microenvironment Research by Combining Organs-on-Chips and Biosensors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:171-203. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Ukidve A, Cu K, Kumbhojkar N, Lahann J, Mitragotri S. Overcoming biological barriers to improve solid tumor immunotherapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2276-2301. [PMID: 33611770 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been at the forefront of therapeutic interventions for many different tumor types over the last decade. While the discovery of immunotherapeutics continues to occur at an accelerated rate, their translation is often hindered by a lack of strategies to deliver them specifically into solid tumors. Accordingly, significant scientific efforts have been dedicated to understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern their delivery into tumors and the subsequent immune modulation. In this review, we aim to summarize the efforts focused on overcoming tumor-associated biological barriers and enhancing the potency of immunotherapy. We summarize the current understanding of biological barriers that limit the entry of intravascularly administered immunotherapies into the tumors, in vitro techniques developed to investigate the underlying transport processes, and delivery strategies developed to overcome the barriers. Overall, we aim to provide the reader with a framework that guides the rational development of technologies for improved solid tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvay Ukidve
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katharina Cu
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ninad Kumbhojkar
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Material Science & Engineering, Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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26
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Ali N, Srivastava N. Recent Advancements for the Management of Pancreatic Cancer: Current Insights. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394717666210625153256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most fatal forms of cancer includes cancer of the pancreas And the most
rapid malignancy is observed in PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). The high lethality rate
is generally due to very late diagnosis and resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Desmoplastic
stromal barrier results in resistance to immunotherapy. Other reasons for the high lethality
rate include the absence of effective treatment and standard screening tests. Hence, there is a
need for effective novel carrier systems. “A formulation, method, or device that allows the desired
therapeutic substance to reach its site of action in such a manner that nontarget cells experience
minimum effect is referred to as a drug delivery system”. The delivery system is responsible for introducing
the active component into the body. They are also liable for boosting the efficacy and desirable
targeted action on the tumorous tissues. Several studies, researches, and developments have
yielded various advanced drug delivery systems, which include liposomes, nanoparticles, carbon
nanotubules, renovoCath, etc. These systems control rate and location of the release. They are designed
while taking into consideration characteristic properties of the tumor and tumor stroma. These
delivery systems overcome the barriers in drug deliverance in pancreatic cancer. Alongside providing
palliative benefits, these delivery systems also aim to correct the underlying reason for the
defect. The following review article aims and focuses to bring out a brief idea about systems, methods,
and technologies for futuristic drug deliverance in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Ali
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow,India
| | - Nimisha Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow,India
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27
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Novel 3D µtissues Mimicking the Fibrotic Stroma in Pancreatic Cancer to Study Cellular Interactions and Stroma-Modulating Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195006. [PMID: 34638490 PMCID: PMC8508009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most prevalent and aggressive type of pancreatic cancer with a low 5-year survival rate of only 8%. The cellular arrangement plays a crucial role in PDAC, which is characterized by a highly fibrotic environment around the tumor cells, preventing treatments from reaching their target. For the development of novel drug candidates, it is crucial to mimic this cellular arrangement in a laboratory environment. We successfully developed a reproducible three-dimensional cell culture model that demonstrates the PDAC characteristic arrangement and showed a PDAC relevant gene profile when comparing with the genetic profile of PDAC patients. We finally demonstrated the use of the model for the evaluation of novel anti-fibrotic therapy against PDAC by studying drug-induced reduction of fibrosis in PDAC enabling nanoparticles to penetrate and reach the tumor cells. This model is useful for the evaluation of novel treatments against PDAC in a biologically relevant manner. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive tumor type with low patient survival due to the low efficacy of current treatment options. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) create a dense fibrotic environment around the tumor cells, preventing therapies from reaching their target. Novel 3D in vitro models are needed that mimic this fibrotic barrier for the development of therapies in a biologically relevant environment. Here, novel PDAC microtissues (µtissues) consisting of pancreatic cancer cell core surrounded by a CAF-laden collagen gel are presented, that is based on the cells own contractility to form a hard-to-penetrate barrier. The contraction of CAFs is demonstrated facilitating the embedding of tumor cells in the center of the µtissue as observed in patients. The µtissues displayed a PDAC-relevant gene expression by comparing their gene profile with transcriptomic patient data. Furthermore, the CAF-dependent proliferation of cancer cells is presented, as well as the suitability of the µtissues to serve as a platform for the screening of CAF-modulating therapies in combination with other (nano)therapies. It is envisioned that these PDAC µtissues can serve as a high-throughput platform for studying cellular interactions in PDAC and for evaluating different treatment strategies in the future.
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28
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Acier A, Godard M, Gassiot F, Finetti P, Rubis M, Nowak J, Bertucci F, Iovanna JL, Tomasini R, Lécorché P, Jacquot G, Khrestchatisky M, Temsamani J, Malicet C, Vasseur S, Guillaumond F. LDL receptor-peptide conjugate as in vivo tool for specific targeting of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Commun Biol 2021; 4:987. [PMID: 34413441 PMCID: PMC8377056 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical advances in diagnosis and treatment, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the third leading cause of cancer death, and is still associated with poor prognosis and dismal survival rates. Identifying novel PDAC-targeted tools to tackle these unmet clinical needs is thus an urgent requirement. Here we use a peptide conjugate that specifically targets PDAC through low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). We demonstrate by using near-infrared fluorescence imaging the potential of this conjugate to specifically detect and discriminate primary PDAC from healthy organs including pancreas and from benign mass-forming chronic pancreatitis, as well as detect metastatic pancreatic cancer cells in healthy liver. This work paves the way towards clinical applications in which safe LDLR-targeting peptide conjugate promotes tumor-specific delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic agents, thereby leading to substantial improvements of the PDAC patient’s outcome. Acier et al. investigated a peptide cargo system, the Fc(A680)-VH4127, that targets PDAC through the LDLR cell-surface receptor. The Fc(A680)-VH4127 was found to specifically target spontaneous pancreatic tumors in KICmice, as well as metastatic pancreatic tumors in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélina Acier
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Vect-Horus, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Finetti
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Marion Rubis
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | | | - François Bertucci
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Vasseur
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France. .,CRCM U1068 - Pancreatic Cancer Team, 163 avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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29
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Bayir Garbioglu D, Demir N, Ozel C, Avci H, Dincer M. Determination of therapeutic agents efficiencies of microsatellite instability high colon cancer cells in post-metastatic liver biochip modeling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21834. [PMID: 34403553 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100333r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct genetic mutational pathways characterized by either chromosomal instability or high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) are recognized in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, it has been shown that patients with primary CRC that displays MSI-H have a significant, stage-independent, multivariate survival advantage. Biological properties of CMS1 (MSI-H type) can affect therapeutic efficiencies of agents used in the treatment of CRC, and therefore become a new predictive factor of the treatment. But, the predictive impact of MSI-H status for adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. This study will assess whether there is any unnecessary or inappropriate use of treatment agents recommended for adjuvant therapy of stage 2 and 3 of disease and for palliative or curative treatment of liver metastatic disease in microsatellite instability high group, a molecular subtype of colon cancer. Within this scope, the efficiencies of fluorouracil- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapeutic agents will be shown on stage 3 microsatellite instability high colon tumor cell lines first, and then a microfluidic model will be created, imitating the metastasis of colon cancer to the liver. In the microfluidic chip model, we will create in liver tissue, where the metastasis of microsatellite instability high colon cancer will be simulated; the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy agents, and targeted agents on tumor cells as well as drug response will be assessed according to cell viability through released biomarkers from the cells. The proposed hypothesis study includes the modeling and treatment of patient-derived post-metastatic liver cancer in microfluidics which has priority at the global and our region and consequently develop personal medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Bayir Garbioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nazan Demir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Ozel
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Centre, ESTEM, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avci
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Centre, ESTEM, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.,Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Murat Dincer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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30
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Heinrich MA, Mostafa AMRH, Morton JP, Hawinkels LJAC, Prakash J. Translating complexity and heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor: 3D in vitro to in vivo models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:265-293. [PMID: 33895214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective therapeutics against PDAC. However only a fraction of therapeutics which seemed promising in the laboratory environment will eventually reach the clinic. One of the main reasons behind this low success rate is the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, a highly fibrotic and dense stroma surrounding tumor cells, which supports tumor progression as well as increases the resistance against the treatment. In particular, the growing understanding of the PDAC TME points out a different challenge in the development of efficient therapeutics - a lack of biologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models that resemble the complexity and heterogeneity of PDAC observed in patients. The purpose and scope of this review is to provide an overview of the recent developments in different in vitro and in vivo models, which aim to recapitulate the complexity of PDAC in a laboratory environment, as well to describe how 3D in vitro models can be integrated into drug development pipelines that are already including sophisticated in vivo models. Hereby a special focus will be given on the complexity of in vivo models and the challenges in vitro models face to reach the same levels of complexity in a controllable manner. First, a brief introduction of novel developments in two dimensional (2D) models and ex vivo models is provided. Next, recent developments in three dimensional (3D) in vitro models are described ranging from spheroids, organoids, scaffold models, bioprinted models to organ-on-chip models including a discussion on advantages and limitations for each model. Furthermore, we will provide a detailed overview on the current PDAC in vivo models including chemically-induced models, syngeneic and xenogeneic models, highlighting hetero- and orthotopic, patient-derived tissues (PDX) models, and genetically engineered mouse models. Finally, we will provide a discussion on overall limitations of both, in vitro and in vivo models, and discuss necessary steps to overcome these limitations to reach an efficient drug development pipeline, as well as discuss possibilities to include novel in silico models in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed M R H Mostafa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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31
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Matsumoto S, Nakata K, Sagara A, Guan W, Ikenaga N, Ohuchida K, Nakamura M. Efficient pre-treatment for pancreatic cancer using chloroquine-loaded nanoparticles targeting pancreatic stellate cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:633. [PMID: 34267825 PMCID: PMC8258615 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a key role in desmoplastic stroma, which is a characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and they also enhance the malignancy of pancreatic cancer cells. Our previous study reported chloroquine's mitigating effects on PSC activation; however, the drug is known to induce adverse effects in clinical practice. The present study aimed to reduce chloroquine doses and develop a useful pre-treatment that targets PSCs using nanoparticles. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were used as carriers and loaded with indocyanine green (Nano-ICG) or chloroquine (Nano-CQ). Tumor accumulation of Nano-ICG was evaluated using an in vivo imaging system. The effects of chloroquine, Nano-CQ and/or chemotherapy drug gemcitabine were investigated in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Nano-ICG selectively accumulated in pancreatic tumors and persisted therein for over 7 days after administration. Additionally, Nano-ICG accumulated in the peritoneal metastasized regions, but not in the liver, kidney and normal pancreatic tissues. Nano-CQ reduced the density of activated PSCs at lower chloroquine doses and significantly restrained tumor progression in combination with gemcitabine. In conclusion, the PLGA nanosystem successfully delivered the drug to pancreatic tumors. Nano-CQ efficiently reduced PSC activation and may be a promising novel pre-treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokichi Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Sagara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Weiyu Guan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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32
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Kong X, Xu J, Yang X, Zhai Y, Ji J, Zhai G. Progress in tumour-targeted drug delivery based on cell-penetrating peptides. J Drug Target 2021; 30:46-60. [PMID: 33944641 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1920026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) in the 1980s, they have played a unique role in various fields owing to their excellent and unique cell membrane penetration function. In particular, in the treatment of tumours, CPPS have been used to deliver several types of 'cargos' to cancer cells. To address the insufficient targeting ability, non-selectivity, and blood instability, activatable cell-penetrating peptides, which can achieve targeted drug delivery in tumour treatment, enhance curative effects, and reduce toxicity have been developed. This study reviews the application of different cell-penetrating peptides in tumour-targeted delivery, overcoming multidrug resistance, organelle targeting, tumour imaging, and diagnosis, and summarises the different mechanisms of activatable cell-penetrating peptides in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Kong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangkang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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33
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Tanaka HY. [Modeling and Analysis of Disease Microenvironments with 3D Cell Culture Technology]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:647-653. [PMID: 33952746 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress in our ability to analyze diseased tissue has revolutionized our understanding of disease. From a simplistic understanding of abnormalities in bulk tissue, there is now increasing recognition that the heterogeneous and dynamically evolving disease microenvironment plays a crucial role in disease pathogenesis and progression as well as in the determination of therapeutic response. The disease microenvironment consists of multiple cell types as well as the various factors that these cells secrete. There is now immense interest in treatment strategies that target or modify the abnormal disease microenvironment, and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive the formation, maintenance, and progression of the disease microenvironment is thus necessary. The advent of 3-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology has made possible the reconstitution of the disease microenvironment to a previously unimaginable extent in vitro. As an intermediate between traditional in vitro models based on 2-dimensional (2D) cell culture and in vivo models, 3D models of disease enable the in vitro reconstitution of complex interactions within the disease microenvironment which were unamenable in 2D while simultaneously allowing the mechanistic analysis of these interactions that would be difficult to perform in vivo. This symposium review aims to highlight the promise of using 3D cell culture technology to model and analyze the disease microenvironment using pancreatic cancer as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Y Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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Hu X, Xia F, Lee J, Li F, Lu X, Zhuo X, Nie G, Ling D. Tailor-Made Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002545. [PMID: 33854877 PMCID: PMC8025024 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide due to its aggressiveness and the challenge to early diagnosis and treatment. In recent decades, nanomaterials have received increasing attention for diagnosis and therapy of PDAC. However, these designs are mainly focused on the macroscopic tumor therapeutic effect, while the crucial nano-bio interactions in the heterogeneous microenvironment of PDAC remain poorly understood. As a result, the majority of potent nanomedicines show limited performance in ameliorating PDAC in clinical translation. Therefore, exploiting the unique nature of the PDAC by detecting potential biomarkers together with a deep understanding of nano-bio interactions that occur in the tumor microenvironment is pivotal to the design of PDAC-tailored effective nanomedicine. This review will introduce tailor-made nanomaterials-enabled laboratory tests and advanced noninvasive imaging technologies for early and accurate diagnosis of PDAC. Moreover, the fabrication of a myriad of tailor-made nanomaterials for various PDAC therapeutic modalities will be reviewed. Furthermore, much preferred theranostic multifunctional nanomaterials for imaging-guided therapies of PDAC will be elaborated. Lastly, the prospects of these nanomaterials in terms of clinical translation and potential breakthroughs will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hu
- Department of Clinical PharmacyZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Researchthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Fan Xia
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Clinical PharmacyZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Researchthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyNo.11 Zhongguancun BeiyitiaoBeijing100190China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhou510700China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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Abraham T, McGovern CO, Linton SS, Wilczynski Z, Adair JH, Matters GL. Aptamer-Targeted Calcium Phosphosilicate Nanoparticles for Effective Imaging of Pancreatic and Prostate Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2297-2309. [PMID: 33776434 PMCID: PMC7989532 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s295740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accurate tumor identification and staging can be difficult. Aptamer-targeted indocyanine green (ICG)-nanoparticles can enhance near-infrared fluorescent imaging of pancreatic and prostate tumors and could improve early cancer detection. This project explored whether calcium-phosphosilicate nanoparticles, also known as NanoJackets (NJs), that were bioconjugated with a tumor-specific targeting DNA aptamer could improve the non-invasive detection of pancreatic and prostate tumors. Methods Using in vivo near-infrared optical imaging and ex vivo fluorescence analysis, DNA aptamer-targeted ICG-loaded NJs were compared to untargeted NJs for detection of tumors. Results Nanoparticles were bioconjugated with the DNA aptamer AP1153, which binds to the CCK-B receptor (CCKBR). Aptamer bioconjugated NJs were not significantly increased in size compared with unconjugated nanoparticles. AP1153-ICG-NJ accumulation in orthotopic pancreatic tumors peaked at 18 h post-injection and the ICG signal was cleared by 36 h with no evidence on uptake by non-tumor tissues. Ex vivo tumor imaging confirmed the aptamer-targeted NJs accumulated to higher levels than untargeted NJs, were not taken up by normal pancreas, exited from the tumor vasculature, and were well-dispersed throughout pancreatic and prostate tumors despite extensive fibrosis. Specificity for AP1153-NJ binding to the CCK-B receptor on pancreatic tumor cells was confirmed by pre-treating tumor-bearing mice with the CCK receptor antagonist proglumide. Proglumide pre-treatment reduced the in vivo tumoral accumulation of AP1153-NJs to levels comparable to that of untargeted NJs. Conclusion Through specific interactions with CCK-B receptors, tumor-targeted nanoparticles containing either ICG or rhodamine WT were well distributed throughout the matrix of both pancreatic and prostate tumors. Tumor-targeted NJs carrying various imaging agents can enhance tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Abraham
- Departments of Neural and Behavioral Sciences and the Microscopy Imaging Core Facility, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Christopher O McGovern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Samuel S Linton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Zachary Wilczynski
- Departments of Materials Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James H Adair
- Departments of Materials Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gail L Matters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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Zhang X, Detering L, Sultan D, Luehmann H, Li L, Heo GS, Zhang X, Lou L, Grierson PM, Greco S, Ruzinova M, Laforest R, Dehdashti F, Lim KH, Liu Y. CC Chemokine Receptor 2-Targeting Copper Nanoparticles for Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Delivery of Gemcitabine for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1186-1198. [PMID: 33406361 PMCID: PMC7846978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy with dire prognosis due to aggressive biology, lack of effective tools for diagnosis at an early stage, and limited treatment options. Detection of PDAC using conventional radiographic imaging is limited by the dense, hypovascular stromal component and relatively scarce neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The CC motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and its cognate receptor CCR2 (CCL2/CCR2) axis are critical in fostering and maintaining this kind of TME by recruiting immunosuppressive myeloid cells such as the tumor-associated macrophages, thereby presenting an opportunity to exploit this axis for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We engineered CCR2-targeting ultrasmall copper nanoparticles (Cu@CuOx) as nanovehicles not only for targeted positron emission tomography imaging by intrinsic radiolabeling with 64Cu but also for loading and delivery of the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine to PDAC. This 64Cu-radiolabeled nanovehicle allowed sensitive and accurate detection of PDAC malignancy in autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models. The ultrasmall Cu@CuOx showed efficient renal clearance, favorable pharmacokinetics, and minimal in vivo toxicity. Systemic administration of gemcitabine-loaded Cu@CuOx effectively suppressed the progression of PDAC tumors in a syngeneic xenograft mouse model and prolonged survival. These CCR2-targeted ultrasmall nanoparticles offer a promising image-guided therapeutic agent and show great potential for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lanlan Lou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Patrick M. Grierson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Suellen Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Marianna Ruzinova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Elliott RO, He M. Unlocking the Power of Exosomes for Crossing Biological Barriers in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010122. [PMID: 33477972 PMCID: PMC7835896 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2013 Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of vesicle trafficking, a subgroup of nanovesicles called exosomes has been driving the research field to a new regime for understanding cellular communication. This exosome-dominated traffic control system has increased understanding of many diseases, including cancer metastasis, diabetes, and HIV. In addition to the important diagnostic role, exosomes are particularly attractive for drug delivery, due to their distinctive properties in cellular information transfer and uptake. Compared to viral and non-viral synthetic systems, the natural, cell-derived exosomes exhibit intrinsic payload and bioavailability. Most importantly, exosomes easily cross biological barriers, obstacles that continue to challenge other drug delivery nanoparticle systems. Recent emerging studies have shown numerous critical roles of exosomes in many biological barriers, including the blood–brain barrier (BBB), blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), blood–lymph barrier (BlyB), blood–air barrier (BAB), stromal barrier (SB), blood–labyrinth barrier (BLaB), blood–retinal barrier (BRB), and placental barrier (PB), which opens exciting new possibilities for using exosomes as the delivery platform. However, the systematic reviews summarizing such discoveries are still limited. This review covers state-of-the-art exosome research on crossing several important biological barriers with a focus on the current, accepted models used to explain the mechanisms of barrier crossing, including tight junctions. The potential to design and engineer exosomes to enhance delivery efficacy, leading to future applications in precision medicine and immunotherapy, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Omarkhail Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Mei He
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abreu TR, Biscaia M, Gonçalves N, Fonseca NA, Moreira JN. In Vitro and In Vivo Tumor Models for the Evaluation of Anticancer Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:271-299. [PMID: 33543464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies about tumor biology have revealed the determinant role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, resulting from the dynamic interactions between tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells within the extracellular matrix. This malignant microenvironment highly impacts the efficacy of anticancer nanoparticles by displaying drug resistance mechanisms, as well as intrinsic physical and biochemical barriers, which hamper their intratumoral accumulation and biological activity.Currently, two-dimensional cell cultures are used as the initial screening method in vitro for testing cytotoxic nanocarriers. However, this fails to mimic the tumor heterogeneity, as well as the three-dimensional tumor architecture and pathophysiological barriers, leading to an inaccurate pharmacological evaluation.Biomimetic 3D in vitro tumor models, on the other hand, are emerging as promising tools for more accurately assessing nanoparticle activity, owing to their ability to recapitulate certain features of the tumor microenvironment and thus provide mechanistic insights into nanocarrier intratumoral penetration and diffusion rates.Notwithstanding, in vivo validation of nanomedicines remains irreplaceable at the preclinical stage, and a vast variety of more advanced in vivo tumor models is currently available. Such complex animal models (e.g., genetically engineered mice and patient-derived xenografts) are capable of better predicting nanocarrier clinical efficiency, as they closely resemble the heterogeneity of the human tumor microenvironment.Herein, the development of physiologically more relevant in vitro and in vivo tumor models for the preclinical evaluation of anticancer nanoparticles will be discussed, as well as the current limitations and future challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Abreu
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal.,UC - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Biscaia
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Fonseca
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal.,TREAT U, SA, Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 44, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal. .,UC - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Jarak I, Varela CL, Tavares da Silva E, Roleira FFM, Veiga F, Figueiras A. Pluronic-based nanovehicles: Recent advances in anticancer therapeutic applications. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112526. [PMID: 32971442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pluronics are a class of amphiphilic tri-block copolymers with wide pharmaceutical applicability. In the past decades, the ability to form biocompatible nanosized micelles was exploited to formulate stable drug nanovehicles with potential use in antitumor therapy. Due to the great potential for tuning physical and structural properties of Pluronic unimers, a panoply of drug or polynucleotide-loaded micelles was prepared and tested for their antitumoral activity. The attractive inherent antitumor properties of Pluronic polymers in combination with cell targeting and stimuli-responsive ligands greatly improved antitumoral therapeutic effects of tested drugs. In spite of that, the extraordinary complexity of biological challenges in the delivery of micellar drug payload makes their therapeutic potential still not exploited to the fullest. In this review paper we attempt to present the latest developments in the field of Pluronic based nanovehicles and their application in anticancer therapy with an overview of the chemistry involved in the preparation of these nanovehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jarak
- Univ. Coimbra, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla L Varela
- Univ. Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisiário Tavares da Silva
- Univ. Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda F M Roleira
- Univ. Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Univ. Coimbra, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ. Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Univ. Coimbra, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ. Coimbra, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Immunostimulatory nanoparticle incorporating two immune agonists for the treatment of pancreatic tumors. J Control Release 2020; 330:1095-1105. [PMID: 33188827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant disease, where even surgical resection and aggressive chemotherapy produce dismal outcomes. Immunotherapy is a promising alternative to conventional treatments, possessing the ability to elicit T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells and prevent disease recurrence. Immunotherapeutic approaches thus far have seen limited success in PDAC due to a poorly immunogenic and exceedingly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which is enriched with dysfunctional and immunosuppressed antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We developed a highly potent immunostimulatory nanoparticle (immuno-NP) to activate and expand APCs in the tumor and induce local secretion of interferon β (IFNβ), which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a major role in APC recruitment. The effectiveness of the immuno-NP stems from its dual cargo of two synergistic immune modulators consisting of an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and an agonist of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. We show the functional synergy of the dual-agonist cargo can be tweaked by adjusting the ratio of the two agonists loaded in the immuno-NP, leading to an increase in IFNβ production (11-fold) compared to any single agonist immuno-NP variant. Using the orthotopic murine Panc02 model of PDAC, we show that systemic administration allowed immuno-NPs to deposit into the perivascular regions of the tumor, which coincided with the APC-rich tumor areas leading to predominant uptake of immuno-NPs by APCs. The immuno-NPs were effectively taken up by a significant portion of dendritic cells in the tumor (>56%). This led to a significant expansion of APCs, resulting in an 11.5-fold increase of dendritic cells and infiltration of lymphocytes throughout the pancreatic tumor compared to untreated animals.
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Adityan S, Tran M, Bhavsar C, Wu SY. Nano-therapeutics for modulating the tumour microenvironment: Design, development, and clinical translation. J Control Release 2020; 327:512-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Steinberg E, Orehov N, Tischenko K, Schwob O, Zamir G, Hubert A, Manevitch Z, Benny O. Rapid Clearing for High Resolution 3D Imaging of Ex Vivo Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7703. [PMID: 33081011 PMCID: PMC7589457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently accepted imaging methods have been a central hurdle to imaging the finer details of tumor behavior in three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo multicellular culture models. In our search for an improved way of imaging tumor behavior in its physiological-like niche, we developed a simple, efficient, and straightforward procedure using standard reagents and imaging equipment that significantly enhanced 3D imaging up to a ~200-micron depth. We tested its efficacy on pancreatic spheroids, prototypes of high-density tissues that are difficult to image. We found we could both save time with this method and extract information about pancreatic tumor spheroids that previously was difficult to obtain. We were able to discern clear differences in the organization of pancreatic tumor spheroids generated from different origins, suggesting cell-specific, inherent, bottom-up organization with a correlation to the level of malignancy. We also examined the dynamic changes in the spheroids at predetermined time points, providing important information related to tissue morphogenesis and its metabolic state. Lastly, this process enabled us to assess a drug vehicle's potential to penetrate dense tumor tissue by improving our view of the inert particles' diffusion in the 3D spheroid. This clearing method, a simple procedure, can open the door to more accurate imaging and reveal more about cancer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Steinberg
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.S.); (N.O.); (K.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Natalie Orehov
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.S.); (N.O.); (K.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Katerina Tischenko
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.S.); (N.O.); (K.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Ouri Schwob
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.S.); (N.O.); (K.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Gideon Zamir
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Ayala Hubert
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Zakhariya Manevitch
- The Core Research Facility, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.S.); (N.O.); (K.T.); (O.S.)
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Jiang B, Zhou L, Lu J, Wang Y, Liu C, You L, Guo J. Stroma-Targeting Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer: One Coin With Two Sides? Front Oncol 2020; 10:576399. [PMID: 33178608 PMCID: PMC7593693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.576399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignancy with one of the worst prognoses worldwide and has an overall 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Although chemotherapy is the recommended treatment for patients with advanced PDAC, its efficacy is not satisfactory. The dense dysplastic stroma of PDAC is a major obstacle to the delivery of chemotherapy drugs and plays an important role in the progression of PDAC. Therefore, stroma-targeting therapy is considered a potential treatment strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and patient survival. While several preclinical studies have shown encouraging results, the anti-tumor potential of the PDAC stroma has also been revealed, and the extreme depletion might promote tumor progression and undermine patient survival. Therefore, achieving a balance between stromal abundance and depletion might be the further of stroma-targeting therapy. This review summarized the current progress of stroma-targeting therapy in PDAC and discussed the double-edged sword of its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhou Y, Zhou W, Chen X, Wang Q, Li C, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Ding X, Jiang C. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for penetrating and targeted chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1563-1575. [PMID: 32963950 PMCID: PMC7488356 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most intractable malignancy, with an only 6% 5-year relative survival rate. The dismal therapeutic effect is attributed to the chemotherapy resistance and unique pathophysiology with abundant inflammatory cytokines and abnormal hyperplasia of extracellular matrix (ECM). Based on the theory that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can influence the tumorous microenvironment and malignant growth of PDAC, we employed exosomes (Exos) derived from BM-MSCs as PDAC-homing vehicles to surpass the restrictions of pathological ECM and increase the accumulation of therapeutics in tumor site. To overcome chemoresistance of PDAC, paclitaxel (PTX) and gemcitabine monophosphate (GEMP)-an intermediate product of gemcitabine metabolism-were loaded in/on the purified Exos. In this work, the Exo delivery platform showed superiorities in homing and penetrating abilities, which were performed on tumor spheroids and PDAC orthotopic models. Meanwhile, the favorable anti-tumor efficacy in vivo and in vitro, plus relatively mild systemic toxicity, was found. Loading GEMP and PTX, benefitting from the naturally PDAC selectivity, the Exo platform we constructed performs combined functions on excellent penetrating, anti-matrix and overcoming chemoresistance (Scheme 1). Worth expectantly, the Exo platform may provide a prospective approach for targeted therapies of PDAC.
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Chen KH, Miao YB, Shang CY, Huang TY, Yu YT, Yeh CN, Song HL, Chen CT, Mi FL, Lin KJ, Sung HW. A bubble bursting-mediated oral drug delivery system that enables concurrent delivery of lipophilic and hydrophilic chemotherapeutics for treating pancreatic tumors in rats. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120157. [PMID: 32535305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic outcome of pancreatic cancer remains unsatisfactory, despite many attempts to improve it. To address this challenge, an oral drug delivery system that spontaneously initiates an effervescent reaction to form gas-bubble carriers is proposed. These carriers concurrently deliver lipophilic paclitaxel (PTX) and hydrophilic gemcitabine (GEM) in the small intestine. The bursting of the bubbles promotes the intestinal absorption of the drugs. The antitumor efficacy of this proposed oral drug delivery system is evaluated in rats with experimentally created orthotopic pancreatic tumors. The combined administration of equivalent amounts of PTX and GEM via the intravenous (i.v.) route, which is clinically used for treating pancreatic cancer, serves as a control. Following oral administration, the lipophilic PTX is initially absorbed through the intestinal lymphatic system and then enters systemic circulation, whereas the hydrophilic GEM is directly taken up into the blood circulation, ultimately accumulating in the tumorous pancreatic tissues. A pharmacokinetic study reveals that the orally delivered formulation has none of the toxic side-effects that are associated with the i.v. injected formulation; changes the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs; and increases the bioavailability of PTX. The oral formulation has a greater impact than the i.v. formulation on tumor-specific stromal depletion, resulting in greater inhibition of tumor growth with no evidence of metastatic spread. As well as enhancing the therapeutic efficacy, this unique approach of oral chemotherapy has potential for use on outpatients, greatly improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Bao Miao
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tring-Yo Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Song
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital-Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, And Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Su T, Yang B, Gao T, Liu T, Li J. Polymer nanoparticle-assisted chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920915978. [PMID: 32426046 PMCID: PMC7222269 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920915978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease characterized by highly dense stroma fibrosis. Only 15-20% of patients with pancreatic cancer have resectable tumors, and only around 20% of them survive to 5 years. Traditional cancer treatments have little effect on their prognosis, and successful surgical resection combined with effective perioperative therapy is the main method for maximizing long-term survival. For this reason, chemotherapy is an adjunct treatment for resectable cancer and is the main therapy for incurable pancreatic cancer, including metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, there are various side effects of chemotherapeutic medicine and low drug penetration because the complex tumor microenvironment limits the application of chemotherapy. As a novel strategy, polymer nanoparticles make it possible to target the tumor microenvironment, release cytotoxic agents through various responsive reactions, and thus overcome the treatment barrier. As drug carriers, polymer nanoparticles show marked advantages, such as increased drug delivery and efficiency, controlled drug release, decreased side effects, prolonged half-life, and evasion of immunogenic blockade. In this review, we discuss the factors that cause chemotherapy obstacles in pancreatic cancer, and introduce the application of polymer nanoparticles to treat pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianren Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
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A modified arginine-depleting enzyme NEI-01 inhibits growth of pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231633. [PMID: 32353864 PMCID: PMC7192632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine deprivation cancer therapy targets certain types of malignancies with positive result in many studies and clinical trials. NEI-01 was designed as a novel arginine-depleting enzyme comprising an albumin binding domain capable of binding to human serum albumin to lengthen its half-life. In the present work, NEI-01 is shown to bind to serum albumin from various species, including mice, rat and human. Single intraperitoneal administration of NEI-01 to mice reduced plasma arginine to undetectable level for at least 9 days. Treatment of NEI-01 specifically inhibited cell viability of MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cancer cell lines, which were ASS1 negative. Using a human pancreatic mouse xenograft model, NEI-01 treatment significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. Our data provides proof of principle for a cancer treatment strategy using NEI-01.
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Tanaka HY, Kurihara T, Nakazawa T, Matsusaki M, Masamune A, Kano MR. Heterotypic 3D pancreatic cancer model with tunable proportion of fibrotic elements. Biomaterials 2020; 251:120077. [PMID: 32388166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an often lethal disease characterized by a dense, fibrotic stroma. However, the lack of relevant preclinical models that recapitulate the characteristic histopathology of human PDAC in vitro impedes the development of novel therapies. The amount of stromal elements differ largely within and between patients, but in vitro models of human PDAC often do not account for this heterogeneity. Indeed, analyses of human PDAC histopathology revealed that the proportion of stroma ranged from 40 to 80% across patients. We, therefore, generated a novel 3D model of human PDAC, consisting of co-cultured human PDAC tumor cells and fibroblasts/pancreatic stellate cells, in which the proportion of fibrotic elements can be tuned across the clinically observed range. Using this model, we analyzed the signaling pathways involved in the differentiation of myofibroblasts, a characteristic subpopulation of fibroblasts seen in PDAC. We show that both YAP and SMAD2/3 in fibroblasts are required for myofibroblastic differentiation and that both shared and distinct signaling pathways regulate the nuclear localization of these factors during this process. Our novel model will be useful in promoting the understanding of the complex mechanisms by which the fibrotic stroma develops and how it might be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Y Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kurihara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu R Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan.
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Takemoto H, Inaba T, Nomoto T, Matsui M, Liu X, Toyoda M, Honda Y, Taniwaki K, Yamada N, Kim J, Tomoda K, Nishiyama N. Polymeric modification of gemcitabine via cyclic acetal linkage for enhanced anticancer potency with negligible side effects. Biomaterials 2020; 235:119804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Brachi G, Bussolino F, Ciardelli G, Mattu C. Nanomedicine for Imaging and Therapy of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:307. [PMID: 31824928 PMCID: PMC6880757 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has the worst outcome among all cancer types, with a 5-year survival rate as low as 10%. The lethal nature of this cancer is a result of its silent onset, resistance to therapies, and rapid spreading. As a result, most patients remain asymptomatic and present at diagnosis with an already infiltrating and incurable disease. The tumor microenvironment, composed of a dense stroma and of disorganized blood vessels, coupled with the dysfunctional signal pathways in tumor cells, creates a set of physical and biological barriers that make this tumor extremely hard-to-treat with traditional chemotherapy. Nanomedicine has great potential in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, because of the ability of nano-formulated drugs to overcome biological barriers and to enhance drug accumulation at the target site. Moreover, monitoring of disease progression can be achieved by combining drug delivery with imaging probes, resulting in early detection of metastatic patterns. This review describes the latest development of theranostic formulations designed to concomitantly treat and image pancreatic cancer, with a specific focus on their interaction with physical and biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute -IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
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