1
|
Arvas B, Ucar B, Acar T, Varli HS, Arvas MB, Aydogan F, Yolacan C. Synthesis of novel coumarin-triazole hybrids and first evaluation of the 4-phenyl substituted hybrid loaded PLGA nanoparticles delivery system to the anticancer activity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:305602. [PMID: 38636487 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the discovery of many chemotherapeutic drugs that prevent uncontrolled cell division processes in the last century, many studies are still being carried out to develop drugs with higher anticancer efficacy and lower level of side effects. Herein, we designed, synthesized, and characterized six novel coumarin-triazole hybrids, and evaluated for anticancer activity of the one with the highest potential against the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 and human cervical cancer cell line, human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa). Compound21which was the coumarin derivative including phenyl substituent with the lowest IC50 value displayed the highest cytotoxicity against the studied cancer cell line. Furthermore, the potential use of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) prepared by the emulsifying solvent evaporation method as a platform for a drug delivery system was studied on a selected coumarin derivative21. This coumarin derivative-loaded PLGA NPs were produced with an average size of 225.90 ± 2.96 nm, -16.90 ± 0.85 mV zeta potential, and 4.12 ± 0.90% drug loading capacity. The obtained21-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were analyzed spectroscopically and microscopically with FT-IR, UV-vis, and scanning electron microscopy as well as thermogravimetric analysis, Raman, and x-ray diffraction. Thein vitrorelease of21from the nanoparticles exhibited a controlled release profile just over one month following a burst release in the initial six hours and in addition to this a total release ratio of %50 and %85 were obtained at pH 7.4 and 5.5, respectively.21-loaded PLGA nanoparticles displayed remarkably effective anticancer activity than21. The IC50 values were determined as IC50(21-loaded PLGA nanoparticles): 0.42 ± 0.01 mg ml-1and IC50(free21molecule): 5.74 ± 3.82 mg ml-1against MCF-7 cells, and as IC50(21-loaded PLGA nanoparticles): 0.77 ± 0.12 mg ml-1and IC50(free21molecule): 1.32 ± 0.31 mg ml-1against HeLa cells after the incubation period of 24 h. Our findings indicated that triazole-substituted coumarins may be used as an anticancer agent by integrating them into a polymeric drug delivery system providing improved drug loading and effective controlled drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Busra Arvas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ucar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Acar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanife Sevgi Varli
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melih Besir Arvas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feray Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Yolacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiu PF, Lin IC, Lu YL, Chang CN, Chan HY, Lin TS, Tsai KC, Hsieh YSY, Chen MJ, Lin MH, Liang PH. Design, structure-activity relationships, and enzyme kinetic studies of tricyclic and tetracyclic coumarin-based sulfamates as steroid sulfatase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106581. [PMID: 37172437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of steroid sulfatase (STS) decreases estrogen production and thus, suppresses tumor proliferation. Inspired by irosustat, the first STS inhibitor in clinical trials, we explored twenty-one tricyclic and tetra-heterocyclic coumarin-based derivatives. Their STS enzyme kinetic parameters, docking models, and cytotoxicity toward breast cancer and normal cells were evaluated. Tricyclic derivative 9e and tetracyclic derivative 10c were the most promising irreversible inhibitors developed in this study, with KI of 0.05 and 0.4 nM, and kinact/KI ratios of 28.6 and 19.1 nM-1min-1 on human placenta STS, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Lin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Nien Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Shen Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taipei
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE106 91, Sweden
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Livia Shangyu Wan Scholar, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Design and Synthesis of Scopoletin Sulfonate Derivatives as Potential Insecticidal Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020530. [PMID: 36677589 PMCID: PMC9865501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Scopoletin and scoparone, two naturally occurring coumarins, have garnered considerable attention and have been introduced to the market in China due to their high insecticidal efficacy and low toxicity. To investigate the structure-activity relationship of these coumarins, a series of scopoletin derivatives with aryl sulfate at C7 and different substitutes at C3 were designed and synthesized, and their insecticidal activity was studied. (2) Methods: A total of 28 new scopoletin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Most target compounds exhibited moderate insecticidal activity against the phytophagous mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus and the brine shrimp Artemia salina. (3) Results: Among these compounds, compounds 5a and 5j possessed the best insecticidal activities against T. cinnabarinus, with LC50 values of 57.0 and 20.0 μg/mL, respectively, whereas that of the control drug was 15.0 μg/mL. Compound 4j exhibited selective insecticidal activities against A. salina, with an LC50 value of 9.36 μg/mL, whereas its LC50 value against T. cinnabarinus was 93.0 μg/mL. The enzymatic inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed a consistent tendency with the insecticidal activity. Further molecular docking analyses predicted the binding conformations of these compounds, which showed a good correlation between the insecticidal activity and the binding scores. (4) Conclusions: In general, a decreased electron cloud density of the Δ3,4 olefinic bond is beneficial for improving the insecticidal activity against both T. cinnabarinus and A. salina. In addition, naphthyl or benzene groups with a sulfate ester at the C7 position could further improve the insecticidal activity against A. salina. AChE was implied to be a site of action for potential insecticidal activity. The results provide insight into the rational design of a new generation of effective coumarin insecticides.
Collapse
|
4
|
Biernacki K, Ciupak O, Daśko M, Rachon J, Kozak W, Rak J, Kubiński K, Masłyk M, Martyna A, Śliwka-Kaszyńska M, Wietrzyk J, Świtalska M, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Demkowicz S. Development of Sulfamoylated 4-(1-Phenyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenol Derivatives as Potent Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors for Efficient Treatment of Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5044-5056. [PMID: 35235747 PMCID: PMC8958511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present here the advances achieved in the development of new sulfamoylated 4-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenol derivatives as potent steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer. Prompted by promising biological results and in silico analysis, the initial series of similar compounds were extended, appending a variety of m-substituents at the outer phenyl ring. The inhibition profiles of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated using a radioisotope enzymatic assay and, together with the preceding reported derivatives, using a radioisotope assay in MCF-7 cells. The most active compound, 5l, demonstrated an extraordinary STS inhibitory potency in MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value improved 5-fold compared to that of the reference Irosustat (0.21 vs 1.06 nM). The five most potent compounds were assessed in vivo in a 67NR mouse mammary gland cancer model, with 4b measured to induce up to 51% tumor growth inhibition at 50 mg/kg with no evidence of side effects and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Biernacki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Olga Ciupak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Witold Kozak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Konrad Kubiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Martyna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matos MJ, Uriarte E, Santana L. 3-Phenylcoumarins as a Privileged Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry: The Landmarks of the Past Decade. Molecules 2021; 26:6755. [PMID: 34771164 PMCID: PMC8587835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Phenylcoumarins are a family of heterocyclic molecules that are widely used in both organic and medicinal chemistry. In this overview, research on this scaffold, since 2010, is included and discussed, focusing on aspects related to its natural origin, synthetic procedures and pharmacological applications. This review paper is based on the most relevant literature related to the role of 3-phenylcoumarins in the design of new drug candidates. The references presented in this review have been collected from multiple electronic databases, including SciFinder, Pubmed and Mendeley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Matos
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto (CIQUP), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Lourdes Santana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng X, Ma L. Enzymatic synthesis of fluorinated compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8033-8058. [PMID: 34625820 PMCID: PMC8500828 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated compounds are widely used in the fields of molecular imaging, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Fluorinated natural products in nature are rare, and the introduction of fluorine atoms into organic compound molecules can give these compounds new functions and make them have better performance. Therefore, the synthesis of fluorides has attracted more and more attention from biologists and chemists. Even so, achieving selective fluorination is still a huge challenge under mild conditions. In this review, the research progress of enzymatic synthesis of fluorinated compounds is summarized since 2015, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, aldolases, fluoroacetyl coenzyme A thioesterases, lipases, transaminases, reductive aminases, purine nucleoside phosphorylases, polyketide synthases, fluoroacetate dehalogenases, tyrosine phenol-lyases, glycosidases, fluorinases, and multienzyme system. Of all enzyme-catalyzed synthesis methods, the direct formation of the C-F bond by fluorinase is the most effective and promising method. The structure and catalytic mechanism of fluorinase are introduced to understand fluorobiochemistry. Furthermore, the distribution, applications, and future development trends of fluorinated compounds are also outlined. Hopefully, this review will help researchers to understand the significance of enzymatic methods for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds and find or create excellent fluoride synthase in future research.Key points• Fluorinated compounds are distributed in plants and microorganisms, and are used in imaging, medicine, materials science.• Enzyme catalysis is essential for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds.• The loop structure of fluorinase is the key to forming the C-F bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinkuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, Thirteenth Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, Thirteenth Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coumarins as Tool Compounds to Aid the Discovery of Selective Function Modulators of Steroid Hormone Binding Proteins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26175142. [PMID: 34500576 PMCID: PMC8433903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play an essential role in a wide variety of actions in the body, such as in metabolism, inflammation, initiating and maintaining sexual differentiation and reproduction, immune functions, and stress response. Androgen, aromatase, and sulfatase pathway enzymes and nuclear receptors are responsible for steroid biosynthesis and sensing steroid hormones. Changes in steroid homeostasis are associated with many endocrine diseases. Thus, the discovery and development of novel drug candidates require a detailed understanding of the small molecule structure–activity relationship with enzymes and receptors participating in steroid hormone synthesis, signaling, and metabolism. Here, we show that simple coumarin derivatives can be employed to build cost-efficiently a set of molecules that derive essential features that enable easy discovery of selective and high-affinity molecules to target proteins. In addition, these compounds are also potent tool molecules to study the metabolism of any small molecule.
Collapse
|
8
|
Anbar HS, Isa Z, Elounais JJ, Jameel MA, Zib JH, Samer AM, Jawad AF, El-Gamal MI. Steroid sulfatase inhibitors: the current landscape. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:453-472. [PMID: 33783295 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1910237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Steroid sulfatase (STS) enzyme is responsible for transforming the inactive sulfate metabolites of steroid sex hormones into the active free steroids. Both the deficiency and the over-expression of STS are associated with the pathophysiology of certain diseases. This article provides the readership with a comprehensive review about STS enzyme and its recently reported inhibitors.Areas covered: In the present article, we reviewed the structure, location, and substrates of STS enzyme, physiological functions of STS, and disease states related to over-expression or deficiency of STS enzyme. STS inhibitors reported during the last five years (2016-present) have been reviewed as well.Expert opinion: Irosustat is the most successful STS inhibitor drug candidate so far. It is currently under investigation in clinical trials for treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Non-steroidal sulfamate is the most favorable scaffold for STS inhibitor design. They can be beneficial for the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers and neurodegenerative disorders without significant estrogenic side effects. Moreover, dual-acting molecules (inhibitors of STS + another synergistic mechanism) can be therapeutically efficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahraa Isa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jana J Elounais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam A Jameel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joudi H Zib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya M Samer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya F Jawad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Daśko M, Demkowicz S, Biernacki K, Ciupak O, Kozak W, Masłyk M, Rachon J. Recent progress in the development of steroid sulphatase inhibitors - examples of the novel and most promising compounds from the last decade. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1163-1184. [PMID: 32363947 PMCID: PMC7241464 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1758692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of recent achievements in the synthesis of novel steroid sulphatase (STS) inhibitors. STS is a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of active hormones (including oestrogens and androgens) and, therefore, represents an extremely attractive molecular target for the development of hormone-dependent cancer therapies. The inhibition of STS may effectively reduce the availability of active hormones for cancer cells, causing a positive therapeutic effect. Herein, we report examples of novel STS inhibitors based on steroidal and nonsteroidal cores that contain various functional groups (e.g. sulphamate and phosphorus moieties) and halogen atoms, which may potentially be used in therapies for hormone-dependent cancers. The presented work also includes examples of multitargeting agents with STS inhibitory activities. Furthermore, the fundamental discoveries in the development of the most promising drug candidates exhibiting STS inhibitory activities are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karol Biernacki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Olga Ciupak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Witold Kozak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Daśko M, Demkowicz S, Rachon J, Biernacki K, Aszyk J, Kozak W, Masłyk M, Kubiński K. New potent STS inhibitors based on fluorinated 4-(1-phenyl-1 H-[1,2,3]triazol-4-yl)-phenyl sulfamates. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:1037-1044. [PMID: 31773975 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1680642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of fluorinated analogs based on the frameworks of 4-(1-phenyl-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4-yl)-phenyl sulfamates have been synthesized as steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitors. The design of chemical structures of new potential STS inhibitors was supported by molecular docking techniques to identify potential interactions between inhibitors and amino acid residues located in the STS active site. The STS inhibitory potency was evaluated on STS isolated from human placenta. We found that compounds substituted with fluorine atom at the meta position demonstrated the highest inhibitory effects in enzymatic STS assay. The most active analog 12e - inhibited STS enzyme with the IC50 value of 36 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Karol Biernacki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Justyna Aszyk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Witold Kozak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, Lublin 20-708, Poland
| | - Konrad Kubiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, Lublin 20-708, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hng Y, Lin MH, Lin TS, Liu IC, Lin IC, Lu YL, Chang CN, Chiu PF, Tsai KC, Chen MJ, Liang PH. Design and synthesis of 3-benzylaminocoumarin-7-O-sulfamate derivatives as steroid sulfatase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103618. [PMID: 32059152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) is a sulfatase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of sulfated steroid precursors to free steroid. The inhibition of STS could abate estrogenic steroids that stimulate the proliferation and development of breast cancer, and therefore STS is a potential target for adjuvant endocrine therapy. In this study, a series of 3-benzylaminocoumarin-7-O-sulfamate derivatives targeting STS were designed and synthesized. Structure-relationship activities (SAR) analysis revealed that attachment of a benzylamino group at the 3-position of coumarin improved inhibitory activity. Compound 3j was found to have the highest inhibition activity against human placenta isolated STS (IC50 0.13 μM) and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 1.35 µM). Kinetic studies found compound 3j to be an irreversible inhibitor of STS, with KI and kinact value of 86.9 nM and 158.7 min-1, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Sheng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Lin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Nien Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Livia Shangyu Wan Scholar, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Daśko M, Demkowicz S, Biernacki K, Harrous A, Rachon J, Kozak W, Martyna A, Masłyk M, Kubiński K, Boguszewska‐Czubara A. Novel steroid sulfatase inhibitors based on
N
‐thiophosphorylated 3‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐coumarin‐7‐O‐sulfamates. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:857-866. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryGdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryGdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland
| | - Karol Biernacki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryGdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland
| | - Amira Harrous
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryGdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryGdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland
| | - Witold Kozak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Aleksandra Martyna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment SciencesThe John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment SciencesThe John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Konrad Kubiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment SciencesThe John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sabt A, Abdelhafez OM, El-Haggar RS, Madkour HMF, Eldehna WM, El-Khrisy EEDAM, Abdel-Rahman MA, Rashed LA. Novel coumarin-6-sulfonamides as apoptotic anti-proliferative agents: synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, and QSAR studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1095-1107. [PMID: 29944015 PMCID: PMC6022226 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1477137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of different novel sets of coumarin-6-sulfonamide derivatives bearing different functionalities (4a, b, 8a-d, 11a-d, 13a, b, and 15a-c), and in vitro evaluation of their growth inhibitory activity towards the proliferation of three cancer cell lines; HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and Caco-2 (colon cancer). HepG2 cells were the most sensitive cells to the influence of the target coumarins. Compounds 13a and 15a emerged as the most active members against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 3.48 ± 0.28 and 5.03 ± 0.39 µM, respectively). Compounds 13a and 15a were able to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells, as assured by the upregulation of the Bax and downregulation of the Bcl-2, besides boosting caspase-3 levels. Besides, compound 13a induced a significant increase in the percentage of cells at Pre-G1 by 6.4-folds, with concurrent significant arrest in the G2-M phase by 5.4-folds compared to control. Also, 13a displayed significant increase in the percentage of annexin V-FITC positive apoptotic cells from 1.75-13.76%. Moreover, QSAR models were established to explore the structural requirements controlling the anti-proliferative activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Omaima M. Abdelhafez
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Radwan S. El-Haggar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila. A. Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ganeshapillai D, Woo LWL, Thomas MP, Purohit A, Potter BVL. C-3- and C-4-Substituted Bicyclic Coumarin Sulfamates as Potent Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10748-10772. [PMID: 30320251 PMCID: PMC6173509 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic routes to potent bicyclic nonsteroidal sulfamate-based active-site-directed inhibitors of the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS), an emerging target in the treatment of postmenopausal hormone-dependent diseases, including breast cancer, are described. Sulfamate analogs 9-27 and 28-46 of the core in vivo active two-ring coumarin template, modified at the 4- and 3-positions, respectively, were synthesized to expand structure-activity relationships. α-Alkylacetoacetates were used to synthesize coumarin sulfamate derivatives with 3-position modifications, and the bicyclic ring of other parent coumarins was primarily constructed via the Pechmann synthesis of hydroxyl coumarins. Compounds were examined for STS inhibition in intact MCF-7 breast cancer cells and in placental microsomes. Low nanomolar potency STS inhibitors were achieved, and some were found to inhibit the enzyme in MCF-7 cells ca. 100-500 more potently than the parent 4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulfamate 3, with the best compounds close in potency to the tricyclic clinical drug Irosustat. 3-Hexyl-4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulfamate 29 and 3-benzyl-4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulfamate 41 were particularly effective inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.68 and 1 nM in intact MCF-7 cells and 8 and 32 nM for placental microsomal STS, respectively. They were docked into the STS active site for comparison with estrone 3-O-sulfamate and Irosustat, showing their sulfamate group close to the catalytic hydrated formylglycine residue and their pendant group lying between the hydrophobic sidechains of L103, F178, and F488. Such highly potent STS inhibitors expand the structure-activity relationship for these coumarin sulfamate-based agents that possess therapeutic potential and may be worthy of further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharshini Ganeshapillai
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - L. W. Lawrence Woo
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Atul Purohit
- Section
of Investigative Medicine, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Imperial College London, 6th Floor, Commonwealth Building (6N2B), Hammersmith
Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Andrade MF, Kabeya LM, Bortot LO, Dos Santos GB, Santos EOL, Albiero LR, Figueiredo-Rinhel ASG, Carvalho CA, Azzolini AECS, Caliri A, Pupo MT, Emery FS, Lucisano-Valim YM. The 3-phenylcoumarin derivative 6,7-dihydroxy-3-[3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl]-coumarin downmodulates the FcγR- and CR-mediated oxidative metabolism and elastase release in human neutrophils: Possible mechanisms underlying inhibition of the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:421-435. [PMID: 29248721 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the ability of a set of eight 3-phenylcoumarin derivatives bearing 6,7- or 5,7-dihydroxyl groups, free or acetylated, bound to the benzopyrone moiety, to modulate the effector functions of human neutrophils. In general, (i) 6,7-disubstituted compounds (5, 6, 19, 20) downmodulated the Fcγ receptor-mediated neutrophil oxidative metabolism more strongly than 5,7-disubstituted compounds (21, 22, 23, 24), and (ii) hydroxylated compounds (5, 19, 21, 23) downmodulated this neutrophil function more effectively than their acetylated counterparts (6, 20, 22, 24, respectively). Compounds 5 (6,7-dihydroxy-3-[3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl]-coumarin) and 19 (6,7-dihydroxy-3-[3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl]-coumarin) effectively downmodulated the neutrophil oxidative metabolism elicited via Fcγ and/or complement receptors. Compound 5 also downmodulated the immune complex-stimulated phagocytosis, degranulation of elastase, and production and release of neutrophil extracellular traps, as well as the human neutrophil chemotaxis towards n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, without altering the expression level of formyl peptide receptor type 1. Both compounds 5 and 19 did not impair the neutrophil capacity to recognize and kill Candida albicans. Docking calculations revealed that compounds 5 and 19 directly interacted with three catalytic residues - Gln-91, His-95, and Arg-239 - inside the myeloperoxidase active site. Together, these findings indicate that (i) inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation and degranulation of elastase are closely associated with downmodulation of release of neutrophil extracellular traps; and (ii) compound 5 can be a prototype for the development of novel immunomodulating drugs to treat immune complex-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micássio F Andrade
- Department of de Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes n. 3900, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Kabeya
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro O Bortot
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Everton O L Santos
- Department of de Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes n. 3900, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia R Albiero
- Department of de Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes n. 3900, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa S G Figueiredo-Rinhel
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila A Carvalho
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa C S Azzolini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Caliri
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica T Pupo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio S Emery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Lucisano-Valim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Daśko M, Przybyłowska M, Rachon J, Masłyk M, Kubiński K, Misiak M, Składanowski A, Demkowicz S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorinated N -benzoyl and N -phenylacetoyl derivatives of 3-(4-aminophenyl)-coumarin-7- O -sulfamate as steroid sulfatase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Daśko M, Rachon J, Masłyk M, Kubiński K, Demkowicz S. Synthesis and biological evaluation ofN-acylated tyramine sulfamates containing C-F bonds as steroid sulfatase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:156-161. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences; The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - Konrad Kubiński
- Department of Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences; The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Geometry optimization of steroid sulfatase inhibitors - the influence on the free binding energy with STS. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|