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Wang J, Chen P, Zhao T, Huang X, Zong J, Luo Q, Peng C, Wu X, Qiu F, Zhao D, Xiang L, Zhang Y, Yang C, Zhang F, Liao Z, Fu Y, Zeng J. Biosynthesis of Scopoletin in Sweet Potato Confers Resistance against Fusarium oxysporum. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:7749-7764. [PMID: 38537104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is a severe fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum in sweet potato. We conducted transcriptome analysis to explore the resistance mechanism of sweet potato against F. oxysporum. Our findings highlighted the role of scopoletin, a hydroxycoumarin, in enhancing resistance. In vitro experiments confirmed that scopoletin and umbelliferone had inhibitory effects on the F. oxysporum growth. We identified hydroxycoumarin synthase genes IbF6'H2 and IbCOSY that are responsible for scopoletin production in sweet potatoes. The co-overexpression of IbF6'H2 and IbCOSY in tobacco plants produced the highest scopoletin levels and disease resistance. This study provides insights into the molecular basis of sweet potato defense against Fusarium wilt and identifies valuable genes for breeding wilt-resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peitao Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianhui Huang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jikai Zong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingqing Luo
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongchao Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lien Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunxian Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yufan Fu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junlan Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweet potato of Chongqing, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Zhou H, Ning Y, Jian Y, Zhang M, Klakong M, Guo F, Shao Q, Li Y, Yang P, Li Z, Yang L, Li S, Ding W. Functional analysis of a down-regulated transcription factor-SoxNeuroA gene involved in the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin against spider mites. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1593-1606. [PMID: 37986233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insight into the mode of action of plant-derived acaricides will help in the development of sustainable control strategies for mite pests. Scopoletin, a promising plant-derived bioactive compound, displays prominent acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The transcription factor SoxNeuroA plays a vital role in maintaining calcium ion (Ca2+ ) homeostasis. Down-regulation of SoxNeuroA gene expression occurs in scopoletin-exposed mites, but the functional role of this gene remains unknown. RESULTS A SoxNeuroA gene from T. cinnabarinus (TcSoxNeuroA) was first cloned and identified. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blotting assays all confirmed that the gene expression and protein levels of TcSoxNeuroA were significantly reduced under scopoletin exposure. Furthermore, RNA interference silencing of the weakly expressed SoxNeuroA gene significantly enhanced the susceptibility of mites to scopoletin, suggesting that the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin was mediated by the weakly expressed SoxNeuroA gene. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that TcSoxNeuroA was a repressor of Orai1 Ca2+ channel gene transcription, and the key binding sequence was ATCAAAG (positions -361 to -368 of the Orai1 promoter). Importantly, site-directed mutagenesis and microscale thermophoresis assays further indicated that ASP185, ARG189, and LYS217, which were key predicted hydrogen-bonding sites in the molecular docking model, may be the vital binding sites for scopoletin in TcSoxNeuroA. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin involves inhibition of the transcription factor SoxNeuroA, thus inducing the activation of the Orai1 Ca2+ channel, eventually leading to Ca2+ overload and lethality. Elucidation of the transcription factor-targeted mechanism for this potent plant-derived acaricide has vital implications for the design of next-generation green acaricides with novel targets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yeshuang Ning
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Jian
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Matthana Klakong
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Shao
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Pinglong Yang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zongquan Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shili Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Gao XY, Li XY, Zhang CY, Bai CY. Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1268464. [PMID: 38464713 PMCID: PMC10923241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1268464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays a vital role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of scopoletin is provided. In addition, the prospects and outlook for future studies are appraised. Scopoletin is indicated to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties and immunomodulatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. In addition, it is an inhibitor of various enzymes, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated the low bioavailability, rapid absorption, and extensive metabolism of scopoletin. These properties may be associated with its poor solubility in aqueous media. In addition, toxicity research indicates the non-toxicity of scopoletin to most cell types tested to date, suggesting that scopoletin will neither induce treatment-associated mortality nor abnormal performance with the test dose. Considering its favorable pharmacological activities, scopoletin has the potential to act as a drug candidate in the treatment of cancer, liver disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and mental disorders. In view of its merits and limitations, scopoletin is a suitable lead compound for the development of new, efficient, and low-toxicity derivatives. Additional studies are needed to explore its molecular mechanisms and targets, verify its toxicity, and promote its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xu-Yang Li
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Chun-Ying Bai
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
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Ahmad N, Wang Y, Choudhary MI, Sheema, Khan R, Zafar S. Potent bioactive metabolites from Olea ferruginea. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38353158 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2315592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Seven known (1-7) and one new compound (8) were isolated and identified from the stem of Olea ferruginea. The species has been recognised as a new source for six of the known metabolites (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). Based on detailed spectroscopic analyses, these compounds were identified as scopoletin (1), 8-ketosetosterol (2), (+)-cycloolivil (3), (+)-africanal (4), isovanilic acid (5), hydroxytyrosol acetate (6), vanillic acid (7), and cycloolivil A (8). The crude extracts and purified compounds were analysed for their Leishmanicidal, anti-glycation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. n-Hexane fraction was found to be the most active (among all the fractions), against Leishmania parasites, exhibiting 97.85% inhibition at 15 μg/mL. However, none of the extracts showed any significant anti-glycation or anti-cancer potential, all the fractions, except the aqueous layer, displayed moderate to low anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 1 was found to have strong anti-inflammatory activity, exhibiting 96.7% stimulation at 25 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheema
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rasool Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Song N, Wu J. Synergistic induction of phytoalexins in Nicotiana attenuata by jasmonate and ethylene signaling mediated by NaWRKY70. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:1063-1080. [PMID: 37870145 PMCID: PMC10837013 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Production of the phytoalexins scopoletin and scopolin is regulated by jasmonate (JA) and ethylene signaling in Nicotiana species in response to Alternaria alternata, the necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes brown spot disease. However, how these two signaling pathways are coordinated to control this process remains unclear. In this study, we found that the levels of these two phytoalexins and transcripts of their key enzyme gene, feruloyl-CoA 6'-hydroxylase 1 (NaF6'H1), were synergistically induced in Nicotiana attenuata by co-treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethephon. By combination of RNA sequencing and virus-induced gene silencing, we identified a WRKY transcription factor, NaWRKY70, which had a similar expression pattern to NaF6'H1 and was responsible for A. alternata-induced NaF6'H1 expression. Further evidence from stable transformed plants with RNA interference, knock out and overexpression of NaWRKY70 demonstrated that it is a key player in the synergistic induction of phytoalexins and plant resistance to A. alternata. Electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR, and dual-luciferase assays revealed that NaWRKY70 can bind directly to the NaF6'H1 promoter and activate its expression. Furthermore, the key regulator of the ethylene pathway, NaEIN3-like1, can directly bind to the NaWRKY70 promoter and activate its expression. Meanwhile, NaMYC2s, important JA pathway transcription factors, also indirectly regulate the expression of NaWRKY70 and NaF6'H1 to control scopoletin and scopolin production. Our data reveal that these phytoalexins are synergistically induced by JA and ethylene signaling during A. alternata infection, which is largely mediated by NaWRKY70, thus providing new insights into the defense responses against A. alternata in Nicotiana species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10049, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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Kang K, Schenkeveld WDC, Weber G, Kraemer SM. Stability of Coumarins and Determination of the Net Iron Oxidation State of Iron-Coumarin Complexes: Implications for Examining Plant Iron Acquisition Mechanisms. ACS Earth Space Chem 2023; 7:2339-2352. [PMID: 38148994 PMCID: PMC10749481 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins are exuded into the soil environment by plant roots in response to iron (Fe) deficiency. Previous studies have shown that coumarins can increase the Fe solubility upon interaction with sparsely soluble Fe(III) (hydr)oxide. However, the chemical mechanisms of Fe(III) (hydr)oxide dissolution by coumarins remain unclear. The high redox instability of dissolved coumarins and the interference of coumarins in determining the Fe redox state hinder the quantitative and mechanistic investigation of coumarin-induced Fe mobilization. In this study, we investigated the oxidative stability of three coumarins that have been found in root exudates, esculetin, scopoletin, and fraxetin, over a broad pH range under oxic and anoxic conditions. Our results show that the oxidation of coumarins is irreversible under oxic conditions and that oxidative degradation rates increased with increasing pH under both oxic and anoxic conditions. However, the complexation of Fe protects coumarins from degradation in the circumneutral pH range even under oxic conditions. Furthermore, we observed that Ferrozine, which is commonly used for establishing Fe redox speciation, can facilitate the reduction of Fe(III) complexed by coumarins, even at circumneutral pH. Reduction rates increased with decreasing pH and were larger for fraxetin than for scopoletin and esculetin. Based on these observations, we optimized the Ferrozine method for determining the redox state of Fe complexed by coumarins. Understanding the stability of dissolved coumarins and using a precise analytical method to determine the redox state of Fe in the presence of coumarins are critical for investigating the mechanisms by which coumarins enhance the availability of Fe in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounglim Kang
- Environmental
Geochemistry, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter D. C. Schenkeveld
- Soil
Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Guenther Weber
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Kraemer
- Environmental
Geochemistry, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Sharma S, Sharma V, Taneja S, Alka Bhatia, Anand A, Patil AN, Banerjee D. Scopoletin a potential phytochemical therapy for antitubercular treatment drug induced liver injury (ATT-DILI) model in Wistar rats. J Complement Integr Med 2023; 20:797-803. [PMID: 37732506 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hepatoprotective properties of scopoletin have been explored in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury but not in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) scenarios. Only N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has proven efficacy in DILI treatment. Accordingly, we conducted a study to assess the hepatoprotective action of scopoletin in the anti-tubercular treatment (ATT)-DILI model in Wistar rats, if any. METHODS A total of 36 rats were evaluated, with six in each group. A 36-day ATT at 100 mg/kg dose for isoniazid, 300 mg/kg for rifampicin and 700 mg/kg for pyrazinamide were fed to induce hepatotoxicity in rats. Group I and II-VI received normal saline and ATT, respectively. Oral scopoletin (1,5 and 10 mg/kg) and NAC 150 mg/kg were administered in groups III, IV, V and VI, respectively, once daily for the last 15 days of the experiment. LFT monitoring was performed at baseline, days 21, 28, and 36. Rats were sacrificed for the histopathology examination. RESULTS Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin levels were significantly increased in group II (receiving ATT) compared to normal control on day 28 and day 36 (p<0.05). All three doses of scopoletin and NAC groups led to the resolution of AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin changes induced by ATT medications effect beginning by day 28 and persisting on day 36 (p<0.01). An insignificant effect was observed on albumin and total protein levels. The effect was confirmed with antioxidants and histopathology analysis. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms the hepatoprotective efficacy of scopoletin in a more robust commonly encountered liver injury etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Taneja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol N Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Njankouo YN, Nyegue MA, Njingou I, Moundipa PF, Mounjouenpou P. Toxic Potential of Crude Extract From Cassava Cortex Containing Scopoletin and Cyanide on Wistar Rats and Broilers. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231203587. [PMID: 37744654 PMCID: PMC10517615 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231203587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate acute and sub-acute toxicity of cortex cassava crude extract containing scopoletin and cyanide. The limit test method of OECD at 2000 mg/kg was used to determine the LD50 of the crude extract in female Wistar rats, and the sub-acute toxicity was conducted in broilers by incorporating their feed with the cortex powder at 2 mg, 4 mg and 8 mg of powder per 100 g of standard food, corresponding to MIC, 2MIC and 4MIC: those concentrations, respectively, corresponded to .07 μg, .14 μg and .28 μg of scopoletin and 2.8 μg, 5.6 μg and 11.2 μg of cyanide. An oral LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg was obtained, and the effective antifungal dose was non-toxic. No changes were observed in the rate of biochemical parameters and relative weight of the liver, kidneys and brain of broilers. Any damages were not observed after the histopathological exams of these organs regardless the diet considered, compared to the control group. All results ranging from efficacy and safety of cassava cortex extract containing scopoletin and cyanide allowed us to consider it as biopesticide for staple food preservation against post-harvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchahou Ndam Njankouo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue
- Laboratory of pharmacology and toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ibrahim Njingou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of pharmacology and toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pauline Mounjouenpou
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Peralta L, Vásquez A, Marroquín N, Guerra L, Cruz SM, Cáceres A. In silico molecular docking analysis of three molecules isolated from Litsea guatemalensis Mez on anti-inflammatory receptors. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023:CCHTS-EPUB-132085. [PMID: 37231759 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230525152928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Litsea genus has four native species from Mesoamerica. Litsea guatemalensis Mez. is a native tree, traditionally used as a condiment and herbal medicine in the region. It has demonstrated antimicrobial, aromatic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Bioactive fractionation attributed the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic activities to pinocembrin, scopoletin, and 5,7,3´4´-tetrahydroxy-isoflavone. In silico analysis, these molecules were analyzed on receptors involved in the anti-inflammatory process to determine which pathways they interact. OBJECTIVE To analyze and evaluate 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone, pinocembrin, and scopoletin using the in silico analysis against selected receptors involved in the inflammatory pathway. METHOD Known receptors involved in the anti-inflammatory process found as protein-ligand complex in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) were used as references for each receptor and compared with the molecules of interest. The GOLD-ChemScore function, provided by the software, was used to rank the complexes and visually inspect the overlap between the reference ligand and the poses of the studied metabolites. RESULTS 53 proteins were evaluated, each one in five conformations minimized by molecular dynamics. The scores obtained for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase were greater than 80 for the three molecules of interest, scores for cyclooxygenase 1 and glucocorticoid receptor were greater than 50, and identified residues with interaction in binding sites overlap with the reference ligands in these receptors. CONCLUSION The three molecules involved in the anti-inflammatory process of L. guatemalensis show in silico high affinity to the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, glucocorticoid receptors and cyclooxygenase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Peralta
- University of San Carlos of Guatemala Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Guatemala City Guatemala
| | - Allan Vásquez
- University of San Carlos of Guatemala Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Guatemala City Guatemala
| | - Nereida Marroquín
- University of San Carlos of Guatemala Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Guatemala City Guatemala
| | - Lesbia Guerra
- University of San Carlos of Guatemala Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Guatemala City Guatemala
| | - Sully M Cruz
- University of San Carlos of Guatemala Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Guatemala City Guatemala
| | - Armando Cáceres
- University of San Carlos of Guatemala Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Guatemala City Guatemala
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10
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Li S, Zhan J, Wang Y, Oduro PK, Owusu FB, Zhang J, Leng L, Li R, Wei S, He J, Wang Q. Suxiao Jiuxin Pill attenuates acute myocardial ischemia via regulation of coronary artery tone. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1104243. [PMID: 37234713 PMCID: PMC10206061 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Suxiao Jiuxin Pill (SJP) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine drug used to manage heart diseases. This study aimed at determining the pharmacological effects of SJP in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the molecular pathways its active compounds target to induce coronary artery vasorelaxation. Using the AMI rat model, SJP improved cardiac function and elevated ST segment. LC-MS and GC-MS detected twenty-eight non-volatile compounds and eleven volatile compounds in sera from SJP-treated rats. Network pharmacology analysis revealed eNOS and PTGS2 as the key drug targets. Indeed, SJP induced coronary artery relaxation via activation of the eNOS-NO pathway. Several of SJP's main compounds, like senkyunolide A, scopoletin, and borneol, caused concentration-dependent coronary artery relaxation. Senkyunolide A and scopoletin increased eNOS and Akt phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealed an interaction between senkynolide A/scopoletin and Akt. Vasodilation caused by senkyunolide A and scopoletin was inhibited by uprosertib (Akt inhibitor) and eNOS/sGC/PKG axis inhibitors. This suggests that senkyunolide A and scopoletin relax coronary arteries through the Akt-eNOS-NO pathway. In addition, borneol induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxation of the coronary artery. The Kv channel inhibitor 4-AP, KCa2+ inhibitor TEA, and Kir inhibitor BaCl2 significantly inhibited the vasorelaxant effect of borneol in the coronary artery. In conclusion, the results show that Suxiao Jiuxin Pill protects the heart against acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaguo Zhan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Felix Boahen Owusu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujie Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Endocrinology Department, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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11
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Liao J, Sun G, Kurze E, Steinchen W, Hoffmann TD, Song C, Zou Z, Hoffmann T, Schwab WG. Subfunctionalization of a monolignol to a phytoalexin glucosyltransferase is accompanied by substrate inhibition. Plant Commun 2023; 4:100506. [PMID: 36566353 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) mediate the glycosylation of plant metabolites, thereby altering their physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Plants possess numerous UGT genes, with the encoded enzymes often glycosylating multiple substrates and some exhibiting substrate inhibition kinetics, but the biological function and molecular basis of these phenomena are not fully understood. The promiscuous monolignol/phytoalexin glycosyltransferase NbUGT72AY1 exhibits substrate inhibition (Ki) at 4 μM scopoletin, whereas the highly homologous monolignol StUGT72AY2 is inhibited at 190 μM. We therefore used hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and structure-based mutational analyses of both proteins and introduced NbUGT72AY1 residues into StUGT72AY2 and vice versa to study promiscuity and substrate inhibition of UGTs. A single F87I and chimeric mutant of NbUGT72AY1 showed significantly reduced scopoletin substrate inhibition, whereas its monolignol glycosylation activity was almost unaffected. Reverse mutations in StUGT72AY2 resulted in increased scopoletin glycosylation, leading to enhanced promiscuity, which was accompanied by substrate inhibition. Studies of 3D structures identified open and closed UGT conformers, allowing visualization of the dynamics of conformational changes that occur during catalysis. Previously postulated substrate access tunnels likely serve as drainage channels. The results suggest a two-site model in which the second substrate molecule binds near the catalytic site and blocks product release. Mutational studies showed that minor changes in amino acid sequence can enhance the promiscuity of the enzyme and add new capabilities such as substrate inhibition without affecting existing functions. The proposed subfunctionalization mechanism of expanded promiscuity may play a role in enzyme evolution and highlights the importance of promiscuous enzymes in providing new functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Guangxin Sun
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) & Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 14, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Timothy D Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zou
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried G Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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12
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Abdurrahman S, Ruslin R, Hasanah AN, Ifaya M, Mustarichie R. Anti-Alopecia Activity of Coumarin Derivatives Isolated from Merremia peltata Leaves and Computational Study of Their Binding to Androgen Receptors Using Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050669. [PMID: 37242452 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a condition in which hair on the scalp or other areas of the body is lost or falls out excessively. Nutritional deficiency causes blood flow to the head to decrease causing the hormone testosterone to be changed by the enzyme 5-α-reductase to dihydrotestosterone, which inhibits the growth phase and accelerates the death phase. One of the methods developed to treat alopecia is through inhibition of the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone to its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Ethnomedicinally, Merremia peltata leaf is used by the people of Sulawesi as a remedy for baldness. Therefore, in this research, an in vivo study was conducted on rabbits to determine the anti-alopecia activity of M. peltata leaf compounds. The structure of the compounds isolated from the M. peltata leaf ethyl acetate fraction was determined by analysis of NMR and LC-MS data. An in silico study was then carried out using minoxidil as a comparison ligand; scopolin (1) and scopoletin (2) isolated from M. peltata leaf were identified as anti-alopecia compounds by predicting docking, simulating molecular dynamics and predicting absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology (ADME-Tox). Compounds 1 and 2 had a better effect on hair growth compared to positive controls, and NMR and LC-MS analysis showed that they had comparable binding energies to receptors in the molecular docking interaction study: -4.51 and -4.65 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to -4.8 kcal/mol for minoxidil. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis with the parameters binding free energy calculated using the MM-PBSA method and complex stability based on SASA, PCA, RMSD, and RMSF showed that scopolin (1) has a good affinity for androgens receptors. The ADME-Tox prediction for scopolin (1) showed good results for the parameters of skin permeability, absorption and distribution. Therefore, scopolin (1) is a potential antagonist to androgen receptors and could be useful in the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syawal Abdurrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Universitas Mandala Waluya, Kendari 93231, Indonesia
| | - Ruslin Ruslin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93231, Indonesia
| | - Aliya Nur Hasanah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Mus Ifaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Mandala Waluya, Kendari 93231, Indonesia
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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13
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Xu Z, Zhang S, Wu J. NaWRKY3 is a master transcriptional regulator of the defense network against brown spot disease in wild tobacco. J Exp Bot 2023:7140365. [PMID: 37094831 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are involved in plant defense against pathogens. However, no WRKYs have been reported to be involved in resistance to tobacco brown spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata. Here, we found that NaWRKY3 plays a critical role in Nicotiana attenuata against A. alternata. It bound and regulated many defense genes, including: 1) lipoxygenases 3, ACC synthase 1 and ACC oxidase 1, three JA and ethylene biosynthetic genes for A. alternata resistance; 2) feruloyl-CoA 6'-hydroxylase 1 (NaF6'H1), the biosynthetic gene for the phytoalexins scopoletin and scopolin; and 3) three A. alternata resistance genes, the long non-coding RNA L2, NADPH oxidase (NaRboh D) and berberine bridge-like (NaBBL28). Silencing L2 reduced JA levels and NaF6'H1 expression. NaRboh D-silenced plants were severely impaired in ROS production and stomatal closure responses. NaBBL28 was the first A. alternata resistance BBL identified and was involved in the hydroxylation of HGL-DTGs. Finally, NaWRKY3 bound to its own promoter but repressed its expression. Thus we demonstrated that NaWRKY3 is a fine-tuned master regulator of the defense network against A. alternata in N. attenuata by regulating several signaling pathways and defense metabolites. This is for the first time that such an important WRKY has been identified in Nicotiana species, providing new insights into defense against A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10049, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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14
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Batra GK, Mothsara C, Sharma S, Anand A, Bhatia A, Bhansali S, Ram S, Pal A, Patil AN. Dose-Response Evaluation of Scopoletin, a Phytochemical, in a High-Fructose High-Fat Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia Model in Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2023; 26:319-327. [PMID: 37057968 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The putative hypolipidemic properties of scopoletin have not been fully confirmed due to a lack of validation in an irreversible chronic hyperlipidemia animal model. The druggability also needs to be studied in terms of bioavailability in the vascular compartment. Accordingly, we conducted a study to assess the hypolipidemic and pharmacokinetic behavior of scopoletin in the high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHFD)-induced dyslipidemia model in Wistar rats. A total of 42 rats were studied, with 6 in each of the 7 groups. A 60-day HFHFD opted for induction of dyslipidemia. Group I and groups II-VII received normal rat chow diet and HFHFD, respectively. Oral scopoletin (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) and atorvastatin 5 mg/kg were administered in groups III-VI, respectively, once daily for the next 15 days. A separate group, group VII, was used for the pharmacokinetic assessment comparing the scopoletin 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) in group VII versus the oral (group V). Pharmacokinetic blood sampling was performed on the 10th day of continuous once-daily therapy. Rats were sacrificed for the histological examination. All three scopoletin dosages significantly decreased the total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides (P < .05 for all), but not in a dose-dependent manner. Atherogenic Index of plasma, Castelli's risk indices, and histopathological findings confirmed the protective effect of scopoletin. The IP administration showed a 23.18% higher exposure than the oral route (P < .001 for area under the curve and P < .05 for concentration-maximum). This study confirms the hypolipidemic efficacy of scopoletin in a more robust irreversible model of dyslipidemia. Scopoletin's gut absorption in the disease state may also boost the initial phase exploratory clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur Batra
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Chakrant Mothsara
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shobhit Bhansali
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sant Ram
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol N Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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15
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Yu K, Peng C, Lin Y, Li L, Ni H, Li Q. [Expression of β-glucosidase An-bgl3 from Aspergillus niger for conversion of scopolin]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:1232-1246. [PMID: 36994584 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Scopoletin is a coumarin compound with various biological activities including detumescence and analgesic, insecticidal, antibacterial and acaricidal effects. However, interference with scopolin and other components often leads to difficulties in purification of scopoletin with low extraction rates from plant resource. In this paper, heterologous expression of the gene encoding β-glucosidase An-bgl3 derived from Aspergillus niger were carried out. The expression product was purified and characterized with further structure-activity relationship between it and β-glucosidase analyzed. Subsequently, its ability for transforming scopolin from plant extract was studied. The results showed that the specific activity of the purified β-glucosidase An-bgl3 was 15.22 IU/mg, the apparent molecular weight was about 120 kDa. The optimum reaction temperature and pH were 55 ℃ and 4.0, respectively. Moreover, 10 mmol/L metal ions Fe2+ and Mn2+ increased the enzyme activity by 1.74-fold and 1.20-fold, respectively. A 10 mmol/L solution containing Tween-20, Tween-80 and Triton X-100 all inhibited the enzyme activity by 30%. The enzyme showed affinity towards scopolin and tolerated 10% methanol and 10% ethanol solution, respectively. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed scopolin into scopoletin from the extract of Erycibe obtusifolia Benth with a 47.8% increase of scopoletin. This demonstrated that the β-glucosidase An-bgl3 from A. niger shows specificity on scopolin with good activities, thus providing an alternative method for increasing the extraction efficiency of scopoletin from plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Yu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Engineering, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Engineering, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Engineering, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
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16
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Batra GK, Anand A, Sharma S, Sharma S, Bhansali S, Patil AN. Scopoletin Improves Glucose Homeostasis in the High-Fructose High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes Model in Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2023; 26:270-274. [PMID: 36930782 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antihyperglycemic action of scopoletin needs to be validated before considering it for clinical trials. The present study explored antihyperglycemic action of scopoletin in high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHFD)-induced diabetes in rats. The animal study was performed using 48 rats, 6 in each group. HFHFD was administered for model induction for 74 days. Rats in Group I (normal control [NC]) and group II (experimental control [EC]) received normal saline and HFHFD, respectively, throughout the study. Groups III, IV, V, and VI received oral scopoletin (1 mg/kg [low dose, LD], 5 mg/kg [medium dose, MD], 10 mg/kg [high dose, HD]), and metformin (250 mg/kg; positive control [PC] for efficacy), respectively, once daily from day 60 to 74, in addition to HFHFD. Group VII (10 mg/kg oral scopoletin safety group) and VIII (0.1 mg/kg oral warfarin; PC for safety) were separately used for bleeding time-clotting time (BTCT) assessment on days 60, 68, and 74. Groups I, VII, and VIII rats were studied for safety assessment. Later, animals were sacrificed for histological examination. Scopoletin-treated groups showed a significant decline in glucose levels, especially in the MD (5.18 ± 0.12) and HD group (5.271 ± 0.11) in comparison to the EC (6.37 ± 0.05) on day 74 (P < .05). Two weeks after scopoletin treatment, β-cell function significantly improved (53.073 ± 4.67) in the MD group versus 29.323 ± 8.505 in the NC group (P < .05). A statistically significant difference was observed when the MD group (53.07 ± 4.67) was compared to the metformin-treated group (24.80 ± 3.24; P < .05). The safety assessment in the form of BTCT findings did not observe a difference among groups I, VII, and VIII (P > .05). The study showed that scopoletin dose-independently reversed insulin resistance. Consequently, scopoletin can be a potential candidate for antidiabetic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur Batra
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shobhit Bhansali
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol N Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Barrera K, González-Cortazar M, Reyes-Pérez R, Pérez-García D, Herrera-Ruiz M, Arellano-García J, Cruz-Sosa F, Nicasio-Torres P. Production of Two Isomers of Sphaeralcic Acid in Hairy Roots from Sphaeralcea angustifolia. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1090. [PMID: 36903951 PMCID: PMC10005507 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Sphaeralcea angustifolia plant is used as an anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal protector in Mexican traditional medicine. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects have been attributed to scopoletin (1), tomentin (2), and sphaeralcic acid (3) isolated from cells in suspension cultures and identified in the aerial tissues of the wild plant. The hairy roots from S. angustifolia established by infecting internodes with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were explored to produce active compounds based on biosynthetic stability and their capacity to produce new compounds. Chemical analysis was resumed after 3 years in these transformed roots, SaTRN12.2 (line 1) produced scopoletin (0.0022 mg g-1) and sphaeralcic acid (0.22 mg g-1); instead, the SaTRN7.1 (line 2) only produced sphaeralcic acid (3.07 mg g-1). The sphaeralcic acid content was 85-fold higher than that reported for the cells in the suspension cultivated into flakes, and it was similar when the cells in suspension were cultivated in a stirring tank under nitrate restriction. Moreover, both hairy root lines produced stigmasterol (4) and β-sitosterol (5), as well as two new naphthoic derivates: iso-sphaeralcic acid (6) and 8-methyl-iso-sphaeralcic acid (7), which turned out to be isomers of sphaeralcic acid (3) and have not been reported. The dichloromethane-methanol extract from SaTRN7.1 hairy root line had a gastroprotective effect on an ulcer model in mice induced with ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Barrera
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-Iztapalapa), Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Reyes-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dolores Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Arellano-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología (CeIB), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Circuito Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Francisco Cruz-Sosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-Iztapalapa), Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pilar Nicasio-Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
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Khushali K, Bansi G, Samir P, Manan R. Estimation of scopoletin from a polyherbal formulation composition using HPLC coupled with fluorescence detector through the concept of Design of Experiment. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:269-279. [PMID: 36657788 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector was used to analyse bioactive phytoconstituent scopoletin from a polyherbal composition derived from the extract prepared from roots of Argyreia nervosa, roots of Withania somnifera, and fruits of Tribulus terrestris. This analytical method was developed as a quality control tool for standardization of the composition to be formulated to enhance spermatogenesis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using Luna® (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 100 Å, 5 μm) C18 column as a stationary phase, and water (0.01 M glacial acetic acid):methanol: acetonitrile (60:20:20, %v/v/v) as the mobile phase; passed through the column at a set flow rate of 1.0 ml min-1 . The elute in the flow cell was excited at 345 nm and the chromatogram was recorded at 444 nm as the emission wavelength. As a part of the analytical Quality by Design approach, systemic studies were conducted to identify potential risks affecting the critical attributes (area, resolution, retention time) of the analytical method, and mitigating the potential risks after optimizing the chromatographic parameters with the help of the Design of Experiment approach. The developed analytical method was subjected to the validation studies, which showed a linear relationship (r2 = 0.9982) between the concentration and the area corresponding to scopoletin peak in the concentration range 10-130 ng ml-1 . The method was found selective, sensitive, and precise. The recovery of the scopoletin was found in a range 99.53-102.13%; confirming the accuracy of the analytical method. The amount of scopoletin was estimated to be 0.146%w/w from the polyherbal composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamar Khushali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat, India
| | - Gadhiya Bansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat, India
| | - Patel Samir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat, India
| | - Raval Manan
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat, India
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Sun Y, Ren G, Shi Q, Zhu H, Zhou N, Kong X, Jiang D, Liu C. Identification of a Novel Coumarins Biosynthetic Pathway in the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum GU-7 with Antioxidant Activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0160122. [PMID: 36598487 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01601-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are generally considered to be produced by natural plants. Fungi have been reported to produce coumarins, but their biosynthetic pathways are still unknown. In this study, Fusarium oxysporum GU-7 and GU-60 were isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and their antioxidant activities were determined to be significantly different. Abundant dipeptide, phenolic acids, and the plant-derived coumarins fraxetin and scopoletin were identified in GU-7 by untargeted metabolomics, and these compounds may account for its stronger antioxidant activity compared to GU-60. Combined with metabolome and RNA sequencing analysis, we identified 24 potentially key genes involved in coumarin biosynthesis and 6 intermediate metabolites. Interestingly, the best hit of S8H, a key gene involved in hydroxylation at the C-8 position of scopoletin to yield fraxetin, belongs to a plant species. Additionally, nondestructive infection of G. uralensis seeds with GU-7 significantly improved the antioxidant activity of seedlings compared to the control group. This antioxidant activity may depend on the biological characteristics of endophytes themselves, as we observed a positive correlation between the antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi and that of their nondestructively infected seedlings. IMPORTANCE Plant-produced coumarins have been shown to play an important role in assembly of the plant microbiomes and iron acquisition. Coumarins can also be produced by some microorganisms. However, studies on coumarin biosynthesis in microorganisms are still lacking. We report for the first time that fraxetin and scopoletin were simultaneously produced by F. oxysporum GU-7 with strong free radical scavenging abilities. Subsequently, we identified intermediate metabolites and key genes in the biosynthesis of these two coumarins. This is the first report on the coumarin biosynthesis pathway in nonplant species, providing new strategies and perspectives for coumarin production and expanding research on new ways for plants to obtain iron.
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Liu C, Zheng P, Wang H, Wei Y, Wang C, Hao S. Design and Synthesis of Scopoletin Sulfonate Derivatives as Potential Insecticidal Agents. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36677589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Scopoletin and scoparone, two naturally occurring coumarins, have garnered considerable attention and have been introduced to the market in China due to their high insecticidal efficacy and low toxicity. To investigate the structure-activity relationship of these coumarins, a series of scopoletin derivatives with aryl sulfate at C7 and different substitutes at C3 were designed and synthesized, and their insecticidal activity was studied. (2) Methods: A total of 28 new scopoletin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Most target compounds exhibited moderate insecticidal activity against the phytophagous mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus and the brine shrimp Artemia salina. (3) Results: Among these compounds, compounds 5a and 5j possessed the best insecticidal activities against T. cinnabarinus, with LC50 values of 57.0 and 20.0 μg/mL, respectively, whereas that of the control drug was 15.0 μg/mL. Compound 4j exhibited selective insecticidal activities against A. salina, with an LC50 value of 9.36 μg/mL, whereas its LC50 value against T. cinnabarinus was 93.0 μg/mL. The enzymatic inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed a consistent tendency with the insecticidal activity. Further molecular docking analyses predicted the binding conformations of these compounds, which showed a good correlation between the insecticidal activity and the binding scores. (4) Conclusions: In general, a decreased electron cloud density of the Δ3,4 olefinic bond is beneficial for improving the insecticidal activity against both T. cinnabarinus and A. salina. In addition, naphthyl or benzene groups with a sulfate ester at the C7 position could further improve the insecticidal activity against A. salina. AChE was implied to be a site of action for potential insecticidal activity. The results provide insight into the rational design of a new generation of effective coumarin insecticides.
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21
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Tian Q, Jin H, Huo X, Zhao Y, Wu W, Xu L, Wang Y, Yang X, Sun C, Deng S, Shu X. Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Scoparone and its Metabolite Scopoletin in Normal and ANIT-induced Intrahepatic Cholestatic Rats. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:303-311. [PMID: 37165497 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230510125610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoparone, the principal natural active ingredient of Artemisia capillaries (Yin Chen), can effectively treat cholestatic diseases, but the pharmacokinetic properties of scoparone are rarely studied in intrahepatic cholestatic rats. OBJECTIVE A sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method was established to detect scoparone and its metabolite of scopoletin in rat plasma and then compare their plasma pharmacokinetic differences between the normal and ANITinduced cholestasis rats. METHODS Positive ionization was used to separate scoparone and scopoletin using acetonitrile and 0.1 % formic acid water as the mobile phase on a Hypersil ODS-BP column. RESULTS The calibration curves presented good linearity (R=0.9983 and 0.9989) in the concentration range of 10- 10000 ng/mL and 0.5-500 ng/mL for scoparone and scopoletin, respectively. The precision of ≤ 9.4% and the accuracy ranged from -6.4% to 6.8% were recorded over three validation runs, and the recovery was higher than 83.9%. Under different storage conditions, scoparone and scopoletin were stable. Therefore, we studied the pharmacokinetic properties of scoparone and scopoletin in rats after a single oral administration with the above method. According to the results, the pharmacokinetic parameters of AUC, t1/2, and Cmax values of scoparone in the ANIT group were increased by 106%, 75%, and 44%, respectively, while these values of scopoletin were increased by 142%, 62%, and 65%. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that the pharmacokinetic properties of scoparone and scopoletin were significantly different between the normal and ANIT-induced cholestasis rats, which suggested that the clinical application dosage of scoparone should be adjusted according to the liver function of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiru Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Huan Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yupu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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Jia D, Jin C, Gong S, Wang X, Wu T. RNA-Seq and Iso-Seq Reveal the Important Role of COMT and CCoAOMT Genes in Accumulation of Scopoletin in Noni ( Morinda citrifolia). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1993. [PMID: 36360230 PMCID: PMC9689816 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin, the main component of clinical drugs and the functional component of health products, is highly abundant in noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia). Multiple enzyme genes regulate scopoletin accumulation. In the present study, differentially expressed genes of noni were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and the full-length genes by isoform-sequencing (Iso-Seq) to find the critical genes in the scopoletin accumulation mechanism pathway. A total of 32,682 full-length nonchimeric reads (FLNC) were obtained, out of which 16,620 non-redundant transcripts were validated. Based on KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) annotation and differential expression analysis, two differentially expressed genes, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), were found in the scopoletin accumulation pathway of noni. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), phylogenetic tree analysis, gene expression analysis, and the change in scopoletin content confirmed that these two proteins are important in this pathway. Based on these results, the current study supposed that COMT and CCoAOMT play a significant role in the accumulation of scopoletin in noni fruit, and COMT (gene number: gene 7446, gene 8422, and gene 6794) and CCoAOMT (gene number: gene 12,084) were more significant. These results provide the importance of COMT and CCoAOMT and a basis for further understanding the accumulation mechanism of scopoletin in noni.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tian Wu
- Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science School, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650000, China
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Yao W, Chen J, Lin Z, Wang N, Wang A, Wang B, Wu Y, Xu Z, Wang J. Scopoletin Induced Metabolomic Profile Disturbances in Zebrafish Embryos. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100934. [PMID: 36295836 PMCID: PMC9609460 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin, a typical example of a coumarin compound, exists in several Artemisia species and other plant genera. However, the systemic metabolic effects induced by scopoletin remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the metabolic profiles in scopoletin-exposed zebrafish embryos using UHPLC-Q-Obitrap-HRMS combined with multivariate analysis. Compared with the control group, 33 metabolites in scopoletin group were significantly upregulated, while 27 metabolites were significantly downregulated. Importantly, scopoletin exposure affected metabolites mainly involved in phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, histidine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and folate biosynthesis. These results suggested that scopoletin exposure to zebrafish embryos exhibited marked metabolic disturbance. This study provides a perspective of metabolic impacts and the underlying mechanism associated with scopoletin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingpei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhanyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Anli Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Binjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhongshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (J.W.)
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Sharma S, Anand A, Bhatia A, Sharma V, Singh AK, Banerjee D, Patil AN. Pharmacological Evaluation of Scopoletin in the Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity Model in Wistar Rats. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2022; 14:201-206. [PMID: 37051421 PMCID: PMC10084995 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_333_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several phyto-chemicals have been identified and suggested as potential therapeutic options for hepatotoxicity management. Objective To assess the hepatoprotective effect of scopoletin, a pure phyto-chemical, in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity model in Wistar rats. Methods Thirty-six rats in total, six in each group, were utilized in this study. Animals in group 1 received normal saline; those in group 2 received carbon tetrachloride in olive oil (0.5 ml/kg, i.p. in ratio 1:1); those in groups 3, 4, and 5 received oral scopoletin (1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg dose-wise groups); and those in group 6 received N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) 150 mg/kg. Blood sampling was performed on day -3, day 1, and day 7 of the CCl4 administration. Rats were sacrificed on day 7 of the experiment for histological examination and oxidative stress measurement of the liver. Results The 5 mg/kg scopoletin group showed a maximum reduction in AST levels [727.33 ± 29.15 in medium dose (MD) group vs 1526.66 ± 60.72 in the experimental control (EC) group (P < 0.001) and ALT levels of 532.66 ± 24.23 in MD group vs 894.83 ± 52.47 in EC (P < 0.01)]. The dose-dependent action was not observed with scopoletin doses. The protective effect of scopoletin was confirmed by MDA and GSH levels (P < 0.05) coupled with histo-pathological findings. In the present study, a reversible model of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was observed to get normalized in a week's time. Conclusion The study confirms the hepatoprotective action of scopoletin in an acute model of hepatic injury with the putative anti-oxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam K. Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol N. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Pan J, Liu H, Wu Q, Zhou M. Scopoletin protects retinal ganglion cells 5 from high glucose-induced injury in a cellular model of diabetic retinopathy via ROS-dependent p38 and JNK signaling cascade. Cent Eur J Immunol 2022; 47:20-29. [PMID: 35600154 PMCID: PMC9115602 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2022.115710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective activity of scopoletin (SPT) against glucose-induced cataract has been attributed to attenuation of aldose reductase activity and oxidative stress in a rat model. The present investigation was aimed to study the protective effect and mechanism of SPT in retinal ganglia cells (RGC) under oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia. The RGC-5 cells were pre-conditioned with variable SPT concentrations for 6 hours and then subjected to hyperglycemia for 48 hours. The cell viability, mito- chondrial membrane potential (MMP) and oxidative stress markers were quantified. Western blotting was employed to screen the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and various apoptosis related proteins. SPT blocked the high-glucose induced cell injury and normalized the mitochondrial functioning via lowering the loss of MMP and release of cytochrome c. Pretreatment with SPT suppressed the enhanced ROS, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl content triggered by high-glucose exposure in RGC-5 cells. SPT normalized the apoptotic proteins in RGC-5 cells. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 MAPK in RGC-5 due to hyperglycemia was attenuated by SPT. Overall, SPT exhibited a protective effect in RGC-5 cells exposed to a high-glucose environment via its antioxidant efficacy, inhibition of apoptosis and modulation of the ROS-dependent p38/JNK signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Haojie Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Agati G, Brunetti C, Tuccio L, Degano I, Tegli S. Retrieving the in vivo Scopoletin Fluorescence Excitation Band Allows the Non-invasive Investigation of the Plant-Pathogen Early Events in Tobacco Leaves. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889878. [PMID: 35572685 PMCID: PMC9100583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed and applied a new spectroscopic fluorescence method for the in vivo detection of the early events in the interaction between tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants and pathogenic bacteria. The leaf disks were infiltrated with a bacterial suspension in sterile physiological solution (SPS), or with SPS alone as control. The virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci strain ATCC 11528, its non-pathogenic ΔhrpA mutant, and the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 were used. At different post-infiltration time-points, the in vivo fluorescence spectra on leaf disks were acquired by a fiber bundle-spectrofluorimeter. The excitation spectra of the leaf blue emission at 460 nm, which is mainly due to the accumulation of coumarins following a bacterial infiltration, were processed by using a two-bands Gaussian fitting that enabled us to isolate the scopoletin (SCT) contribution. The pH-dependent fluorescence of SCT and scopolin (SCL), as determined by in vitro data and their intracellular localization, as determined by confocal microscopy, suggested the use of the longer wavelength excitation band at 385 nm of 460 nm emission (F385_460) to follow the metabolic evolution of SCT during the plant-bacteria interaction. It was found to be directly correlated (R 2 = 0.84) to the leaf SCT content, but not to that of SCL, determined by HPLC analysis. The technique applied to the time-course monitoring of the bacteria-plant interaction clearly showed that the amount and the timing of SCT accumulation, estimated by F385_460, was correlated with the resistance to the pathogen. As expected, this host defense response was delayed after P. syringae pv. tabaci ATCC 11528 infiltration, in comparison to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Furthermore, no significant increase of F385_460 (SCT) was observed when using the non-pathogenic ΔhrpA mutant of P. syringae pv. tabaci ATCC 11528, which lacks a functional Type Three Secretion System (TTSS). Our study showed the reliability of the developed fluorimetric method for a rapid and non-invasive monitoring of bacteria-induced first events related to the metabolite-based defense response in tobacco leaves. This technique could allow a fast selection of pathogen-resistant cultivars, as well as the on-site early diagnosis of tobacco plant diseases by using suitable fluorescence sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Agati
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consortium INSTM-Italian Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Tuccio
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consortium INSTM-Italian Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Tegli
- Consortium INSTM-Italian Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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27
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Antika LD, Tasfiyati AN, Hikmat H, Septama AW. Scopoletin: a review of its source, biosynthesis, methods of extraction, and pharmacological activities. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:303-316. [PMID: 35218175 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Scopoletin, also known as 6-methoxy-7 hydroxycoumarin, is one of the naturally occurring coumarin commonly found in many edible plants and plays an important role in human health. Despite the various potential pharmacological properties, the biosynthesis process, method of extraction, and mechanism of action on this compound have not been documented well. In this current review, the biosynthesis pathway, distribution of scopoletin in the plant kingdom, and extraction techniques are elaborated. The in vitro, in vivo, and in silico pharmacological studies are also discussed on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective aspects of scopoletin. This study may help to understand the benefit of scopoletin containing plants and would be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Dwi Antika
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, PUSPIPTEK Area Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Aprilia Nur Tasfiyati
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, PUSPIPTEK Area Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Hikmat Hikmat
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, PUSPIPTEK Area Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, PUSPIPTEK Area Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
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Meng H, Yao N, Zeng K, Zhu N, Wang Y, Zhao B, Zhang Z. A Novel Enzyme-Free Ratiometric Fluorescence Immunoassay Based on Silver Nanoparticles for the Detection of Dibutyl Phthalate from Environmental Waters. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:125. [PMID: 35200385 PMCID: PMC8869742 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescent immunoassay was developed based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the sensitive determination of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). In the detection system, AgNPs were labeled on the secondary antibody (AgNPs@Ab2) for signal amplification, which aimed to regulate the H2O2 concentrations. When AgNPs-Ab2 and antigen-primary antibody (Ab1) were linked by specific recognition, the blue fluorescence of Scopoletin (SC) could be effectively quenched by the H2O2 added while the red fluorescence of Amplex Red (AR) was generated. Under the optimized conditions, the calculated detection of limit (LOD, 90% inhibition) reached 0.86 ng/mL with a wide linear range of 2.31-66.84 ng/mL, which was approximately eleven times lower than that by HRP-based traditional ELISA with the same antibody. Meanwhile, it could improve the inherent built-in rectification to the environment by the combination of the dual-output ratiometric fluorescence assays with ELISA, which also enhanced the accuracy and precision (recoveries, 87.20-106.62%; CV, 2.57-6.54%), indicating it can be applied to investigate the concentration of DBP in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Meng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Nannan Yao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kun Zeng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Nuanfei Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yue Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Biying Zhao
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Park JE, Kim SY, Han JS. Scopoletin stimulates the secretion of insulin via a KATP channel-dependent pathway in INS-1 pancreatic β cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1274-1281. [PMID: 35099527 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated whether scopoletin stimulated the secretion of insulin in pancreatic β cells as well as the underlying mechanism involved in this process. METHODS We incubated the INS-1 pancreatic β cells with various concentrations of glucose (1.1, 5.6 or 16.7 mM) in the presence or absence of scopoletin. We then analysed the secretion of insulin in the cells treated with insulin secretion inhibitors or secretagogues. The intracellular influx of calcium induced by scopoletin was also analysed using the Fluo-2 AM dye. KEY FINDINGS We found that scopoletin (1-20 µM) markedly induced the secretion of insulin in a glucose concentration-dependent manner compared with the control. At depolarizing concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl), scopoletin markedly enhanced the insulin secretion compared with the cells which were treated only with KCl. Moreover, the treatment with diazoxide-opening K+ATP channel and verapamil blocking Ca2+ channel significantly decreased the scopoletin-induced increase in insulin secretion. After the pre-treatment of cells with a Ca2+ fluorescent dye, treatment with 20 µM scopoletin resulted in a significant increase in the influx of intracellular Ca2+, exhibiting fluorescence changes in various spectra. CONCLUSIONS Scopoletin stimulates the secretion of insulin via a K+ATP channel-dependent pathway in the INS-1 pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Pei G, Ma N, Chen F, Guo L, Bai J, Deng J, He Z. Screening and Identification of Hub Genes in the Corticosteroid Resistance Network in Human Airway Epithelial Cells via Microarray Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672065. [PMID: 34707493 PMCID: PMC8542788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Corticosteroid resistance is a major barrier to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the exact mechanism of corticosteroid resistance in COPD has been less well studied. Methods: The microarray dataset GSE11906, which includes genomic and clinical data on COPD, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using R software. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) were utilized to enrich and analyze the gene cohort related to the response to steroid hormones, respectively. The Connectivity Map (CMap) database was used to screen corticosteroid resistance-related drugs that might exert a potential therapeutic effect. STRING was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the gene cohort, and the CytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape was used to screen the hub genes in the PPI network. The expression levels of hub genes in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Results: Twenty-one genes were found to be correlated with the response to steroid hormones. In the CMap database, 32 small-molecule compounds that might exert a therapeutic effect on corticosteroid resistance in COPD were identified. Nine hub genes were extracted from the PPI network. The expression levels of the BMP4, FOS, FN1, EGFR, and SPP1 proteins were consistent with the microarray data obtained from molecular biology experiments. Scopoletin significantly restrained the increases in the levels of AKR1C3, ALDH3A1, FN1 and reversed the decreases of phosphorylated GR and HDAC2 caused by CSE exposure. Conclusion: The BMP4, FOS, FN1, EGFR, and SPP1 genes are closely correlated with CSE-induced glucocorticoid resistance in airway epithelial cells. Scopoletin may be a potential drug for the treatment of glucocorticoid resistance caused by CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Pei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fugang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liyan Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingmin Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Yan J, Xing Z, Lei P, Sikandar A, Yang R, Wang Y, Zhu X, Liu X, Fan H, Xuan Y, Chen L, Duan Y. Evaluation of Scopoletin from Penicillium janthinellum Snef1650 for the Control of Heterodera glycines in Soybean. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1143. [PMID: 34833019 DOI: 10.3390/life11111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is responsible for causing a major soybean disease globally. The fungal strain Penicillium janthinellum Snef1650 was evaluated against H. glycines. However, the effective determinants of the P. janthinellum strain are unknown. By performing pot experiments, a functioning compound was isolated from P. janthinellum Snef1650 through organic solvent extraction, semi-preparative HPLC, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and silica gel column chromatography, and the isolated compound was identified to be scopoletin through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HPLC–MS. The pot experiments indicated that the treatment of soybean seeds with scopoletin drastically reduced the SCN population. The field experiments performed in 2017 and 2018 revealed that scopoletin decreased over 43.7% juveniles in the roots and over 61.55% cysts in the soil. Scopoletin treatment also promoted soybean growth and improved its yield, with an increase in plot yield by >5.33%. Scopoletin obtained from P. janthinellum Snef1650 could be used as an anti-H. glycines biocontrol agent.
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Jamaludin R, Kim DS, Salleh LM, Lim SB. Kinetic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction of Scopoletin, Alizarin, and Rutin from Morinda citrifolia. Foods 2021; 10:2260. [PMID: 34681309 PMCID: PMC8534878 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia) are a source of phenolic bioactive compounds (scopoletin, alizarin, and rutin), which have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, subcritical water was applied to determine the extraction yields and kinetics of phenolic compounds from noni fruits. The scopoletin and alizarin yields increased with the increase in temperature from 100 to 140 °C, while that of rutin increased up to 120 °C and then decreased at 140 °C. The yields of all the compounds rapidly increased from 1 to 2 mL/min and then slightly up to 3 mL/min of water flow rate. The extraction kinetics were assessed using two mathematical models. The two-site kinetic desorption model had a better fit for all experimental conditions throughout the extraction cycle and best described the extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds from noni fruits. The diffusion coefficients of scopoletin and alizarin at 140 °C and 3 mL/min were 3.7- and 16.2-fold higher than those at 100 °C and 1 mL/min, respectively. The activation energies of alizarin were 2.9- to 8.5-fold higher than those of scopoletin at various flow rates. Thus, subcritical water could be an excellent solvent with higher extraction yields and shorter extraction times using an environmentally friendly solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslina Jamaludin
- Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (R.J.); (L.M.S.)
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Dong-Shin Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Liza Md Salleh
- Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (R.J.); (L.M.S.)
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sang-Bin Lim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
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Liang Y, Zeng X, Guo J, Liu H, He B, Lai R, Zhu Q, Zheng Z. Scopoletin and umbelliferone from Cortex Mori as protective agents in high glucose-induced mesangial cell as in vitro model of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:150-158. [PMID: 34169921 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two known coumarins, scopoletin (SP) and umbelliferone (UB), were isolated from Cortex Mori (CM). Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic analyses. Then, their effects on rat glomerular mesangial cells (RGMCs, HBZY-1) proliferation, hypertrophy, extracellular matrix (ECM) proliferation, expression of fibronectin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) induced by high glucose were studied in vitro model of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The results show that, CM, SP, and UB can inhibit the RGMCs proliferation to attenuate the ECM proliferation and cell hypertrophy, reduced the accumulation of ECM protein fibronectin, and lowered the expression of the key fibrosis factor TGF-β and CTGF to inhibit the kidney fibrosis and thereby improved diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The two coumarins show great potentialities on treating diabetic glomerulosclerosis, but the animal experiment and mechanism is strongly needed for further proof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xuxin Zeng
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Bao He
- The R and D Center of Drug for Renal Diseases, Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renyu Lai
- Foshan Newtopcome Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- The R and D Center of Drug for Renal Diseases, Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoguang Zheng
- School of Medicine, Foshan University; Foshan Newtopcome Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
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Serrano-Román J, Nicasio-Torres P, Hernández-Pérez E, Jiménez-Ferrer E. Pharmacokinetic Study of Anti-osteoarthritic Compounds of a Standardized Fraction from Sphaeralcea Angustifolia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:610. [PMID: 34202137 PMCID: PMC8308911 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphaeralcea angustifolia has been widely used in inflammatory conditions such as blows, bruises, fractures, and wounds. The compounds identified as active in plants and suspension cell culture of S. angustifolia were tomentin, scopoletin, and sphaeralcic acid. To consolidate the integral use of knowledge about the S. angunstifolia and strengthen its pharmacological use in patients with knee osteoarthritis, the pharmacokinetic behavior of the active compounds was characterized. The SaTSS (S. angustifoloia standardized in Tomentin, Scopoletin, and Sphaeralcic acid) anti-ostearthritic fraction was obtained from cell suspension. The analytical method of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for tomentin, scopoletin, and sphaeralcic acid were validated determining the accuracy, precision linearity, sensibility, specificity, detection limits, and quantification time-range parameters, as well as extraction efficiency and stability of compounds. The pharmacokinetic assay was performed with ICR mice strain, in which the mice were administrated with a single oral or intravenous dose (400 mg/kg with 7.1 mg/kg of scopoletin and tomentin in mixture and 34.6 mg/kg of sphaeralcic acid) of the SaTSS standardized active fraction. The results of the validated analytical methods allowed establishing, in a validated manner, that a coumarin mixture and sphaeralcic acid present in the SaTES fraction were detected in plasma. According to the values of Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Sum of Squares (SS), Schwarz Criteria (SC), and by the determination coefficient (R2), the compounds follow a two-compartment model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Serrano-Román
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, Centro, Xochitepec CP 62790, Mexico; (J.S.-R.); (P.N.-T.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-Iztapalapa). San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Pilar Nicasio-Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, Centro, Xochitepec CP 62790, Mexico; (J.S.-R.); (P.N.-T.)
| | - Elizabeth Hernández-Pérez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-Iztapalapa). San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, Centro, Xochitepec CP 62790, Mexico; (J.S.-R.); (P.N.-T.)
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Perkowska I, Potrykus M, Siwinska J, Siudem D, Lojkowska E, Ihnatowicz A. Interplay between Coumarin Accumulation, Iron Deficiency and Plant Resistance to Dickeya spp. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126449. [PMID: 34208600 PMCID: PMC8235353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins belong to a group of secondary metabolites well known for their high biological activities including antibacterial and antifungal properties. Recently, an important role of coumarins in plant resistance to pathogens and their release into the rhizosphere upon pathogen infection was discovered. It is also well documented that coumarins play a crucial role in the Arabidopsis thaliana growth under Fe-limited conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying interplay between plant resistance, accumulation of coumarins and Fe status, remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated the effect of both mentioned factors on the disease severity using the model system of Arabidopsis/Dickeya spp. molecular interactions. We evaluated the disease symptoms in Arabidopsis plants, wild-type Col-0 and its mutants defective in coumarin accumulation, grown in hydroponic cultures with contrasting Fe regimes and in soil mixes. Under all tested conditions, Arabidopsis plants inoculated with Dickeya solani IFB0099 strain developed more severe disease symptoms compared to lines inoculated with Dickeya dadantii 3937. We also showed that the expression of genes encoding plant stress markers were strongly affected by D. solani IFB0099 infection. Interestingly, the response of plants to D. dadantii 3937 infection was genotype-dependent in Fe-deficient hydroponic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Perkowska
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Marta Potrykus
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa 23 A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Siwinska
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Dominika Siudem
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Anna Ihnatowicz
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-5236330
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Lee EJ, Na W, Kang MK, Kim YH, Kim DY, Oh H, Kim SI, Oh SY, Park S, Park K, Kang YH. Hydroxycoumarin Scopoletin Inhibits Bone Loss through Enhancing Induction of Bone Turnover Markers in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060648. [PMID: 34200167 PMCID: PMC8227109 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes induces bone deterioration, which leads to increased risk of fracture, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Thus, diabetes-associated bone fragility has been recognized as a diabetic complication. However, the pathophysiological effects of hyperglycemia on bone turnover remain unclear. Literature evidence demonstrates that anti-diabetic medications increase the risk of fractures in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Scopoletin is a naturally occurring hydroxycoumarin potentially exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and ameliorating insulin resistance as an anti-diabetic agent. However, little is known regarding the effects of scopoletin on the impairment of bone remodeling that is caused by diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify that scopoletin was capable of inhibiting the impairment of bone remodeling and turnover in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Submicromolar scopoletin accelerated the formation TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (40.0 vs. 105.1%) and actin ring structures impaired by 33 mM glucose. Further, 1–20 μM scopoletin enhanced bone resorption and the induction of matrix-degrading enzymes in diabetic osteoclasts. The oral administration of 10 mg/kg scopoletin elevated serum RANKL/OPG ratio and osteocalcin level reduced in db/db mice along with an increase in BMD by ~6–14%; however, it was not effective in lowering blood glucose and hemoglobin glycation. In addition, the supplementation of scopoletin elevated the formation of trabecular bones and collagen fibers in femoral epiphysis and metaphysis with a thicker epiphyseal plate and cortical bones. Furthermore, 1–20 μM scopoletin enhanced ALP activity (4.39 vs. 7.02 nmol p-nitrophenyl phosphate/min/mg protein) and deposits of mineralized bone nodules in cultured osteoblasts reduced by 33 mM glucose. The treatment of diabetic osteoblasts with scopoletin stimulated the cellular induction of BMP-2 and osteopontin and Runx2 transcription. Accordingly, the administration of scopoletin protected mice from type 2 diabetes-associated bone loss through boosting bone remodeling via the robust induction of bone turnover markers of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. These findings suggest that scopoletin could be a potential osteoprotective agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated bone loss and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Hee Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2132; Fax: +82-33-254-1475
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Sakthivel KM, Vishnupriya S, Priya Dharshini LC, Rasmi RR, Ramesh B. Modulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways as targets for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenesis action of Scopoletin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:147-161. [PMID: 33847360 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) is a naturally occurring coumarin belonging to the category of secondary metabolites. Coumarins are commonly found in several herbs and play a prominent role in the defense mechanism of plants. Beneficial effects of scopoletin including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-microbial activity induced via numerous intracellular signalling mechanisms have been widely studied. However, anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis properties of scopoletin are not well documented in the literature. Therefore, the primary focus of the present review was to highlight the plethora of research pertaining to the signalling mechanisms associated with the prevention of the progression of disease condition by scopoletin. KEY FINDINGS Multiple signalling pathways like nuclear erythroid factor-2 (NEF2)-related factor-2 (NRF-2), apoptosis/p53 signalling, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling, autophagy signalling, hypoxia signalling, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signalling, Wnt-β signalling, Notch signalling are coupled with the anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis potential of scopoletin. SUMMARY Understanding crucial targets in these molecular signalling pathways may support the role of scopoletin as a promising naturally derived bioactive compound for the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Vishnupriya
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kongpuckdee S, Ungphaiboon S, Sungkharak S, Phadoongsombut N, Mahattanadul S. Efficacy of An Aqueous Morinda citrifolia Fruit Extract-Phytosome Gel in Treating Oral Inflammatory Ulcer in Rabbit Model. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 21:1699-1710. [PMID: 32651964 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200711151925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral inflammatory ulcers are one of the common complaints of patients attending out-patient clinics. Previous in vivo studies had shown that an Aqueous M. citrifolia Fruit Extract (AMFE) possessed anti-inflammatory and ulcer healing activities. Therefore, a standardized topical bioadhesive gel containing AMFE-phytosome was developed and determined for its oral ulcer healing efficacy in a rabbit model. METHODS The AMFE phytosome (AMFE-P) was prepared by a complexation method with the required amount of AMFE: Phosphatidylcholine: Tween 80 to weigh ratio of 2:1:0.2. Poloxamer 407 was used as a gelling agent. The oral ulcer was induced in male New Zealand white rabbits by topical application of acetic acid. Each test compound was applied to the ulcer for 10 days beginning on the second day after the ulcer induction. Complete ulcer healing on the specimen obtained on day 12 was observed histologically using the histological scoring protocol. RESULTS The optimized gel containing AMFE-P equivalent to AMFE 10%w/w (10%AMFE-P gel) showed the best bioadhesive gel quality, a smooth and homogeneous texture with an optimum viscosity and pH range used in human oral cavity, a good physical and chemical stability and the highest percentage cumulative release of total phenolic and scopoletin content. It was found that a daily application of 10% AMFE-P gel exerted a superior ulcer healing efficacy and a significantly rapid ulcer healing process than a twice daily application of topical gel containing AMFE 10%w/w or chlorhexidine 0.2%. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that 10% AMFE-P gel has potential as a safe and effective alternative therapeutic agent for oral ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsawan Kongpuckdee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Suwipa Ungphaiboon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhl, 90112, Thailand
| | - Supreedee Sungkharak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhl, 90112, Thailand
| | - Narubodee Phadoongsombut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Sirima Mahattanadul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Jalkanen A, Lassheikki V, Torsti T, Gharib E, Lehtonen M, Juvonen RO. Tissue and interspecies comparison of catechol- O-methyltransferase mediated catalysis of 6- O-methylation of esculetin to scopoletin and its inhibition by entacapone and tolcapone. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:268-278. [PMID: 33289420 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1853850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) methylates both endogenous and exogenous catechol compounds to inactive and safe metabolites. We first optimised conditions for a convenient and sensitive continuous fluorescence-based 6-O-methylation assay of esculetin, which we used for investigating the COMT activity in human, mouse, rat, dog, rabbit, and sheep liver cytosols and microsomes and in ten different rat tissues. Furthermore, we compared the inhibition potencies and mechanisms of two clinically used COMT inhibitors, entacapone and tolcapone, in these species. In most tissues, the COMT activity was at least three times higher in cytosol than in microsomes. In the rat, the highest COMT activity was found in the liver, followed by kidney, ileum, thymus, spleen, lung, pancreas, heart, brain, and finally, skeletal muscle. Entacapone and tolcapone were characterised as highly potent mixed type tight-binding inhibitors. The competitive inhibition type dominated over the uncompetitive inhibition with entacapone, whereas uncompetitive inhibition dominated with tolcapone. Rats, dogs, pigs, and sheep are high COMT activity species, in contrast to humans, mice, and rabbits; COMT activity is highest in the liver. Both entacapone and tolcapone are potent COMT inhibitors, but their inhibition mechanisms differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaro Jalkanen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veera Lassheikki
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Torsti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elham Gharib
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Risto O Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Tan DC, Quek A, Kassim NK, Ismail IS, Lee JJ. Rapid Quantification and Validation of Biomarker Scopoletin in Paederia foetida by qNMR and UV-Vis for Herbal Preparation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215162. [PMID: 33171900 PMCID: PMC7664186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin has previously been reported as a biomarker for the standardization of Paederia foetida twigs. This study is the first report on the determination and quantification of scopoletin using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) in the different extracts of Paederia foetida twigs. The validated qNMR method showed a good linearity (r2 = 0.9999), limit of detection (LOD) (0.009 mg/mL), and quantification (LOQ) (0.029 mg/mL), together with high stability (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 0.022%), high precision (RSD < 1%), and good recovery (94.08–108.45%). The quantification results of scopoletin concentration in chloroform extract using qNMR and microplate ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer was almost comparable. Therefore, the qNMR method is deemed accurate and reliable for quality control of Paederia foetida and other medicinal plants without extensive sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Chuan Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.C.T.); (A.Q.); (I.S.I.)
| | - Alexandra Quek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.C.T.); (A.Q.); (I.S.I.)
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.C.T.); (A.Q.); (I.S.I.)
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-6803
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.C.T.); (A.Q.); (I.S.I.)
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joanna Jinling Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43300, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Weimer P, Spies LM, Haubert R, de Lima JAS, Maluf RW, Rossi RC, Suyenaga ES. Anti-inflammatory activity of Brunfelsia uniflora root extract: phytochemical characterization and pharmacologic potential of this under-investigated species. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6122-6128. [PMID: 32998575 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1827403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D. Don roots have been widely used in folk medicine for treating inflammatory conditions. However, few studies have elucidated compounds that justify their traditional use. This study was conducted to characterize the phytochemical profile and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of extracts obtained from B. uniflora roots by comparing an herbal remedy (HR) with the crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE). In the phytochemical analysis, scopoletin was identified as the marker compound. In quantitative analyses, CHE showed better results than HR. Furthermore, CHE had an effective anti-inflammatory activity. Animals treated with CHE (200 mg/kg) showed an 89.1% and a 73.8% reduction in edema volume after 1 hour of edema induction compared with those treated with negative control and positive control (indomethacin), respectively. These results show that B. uniflora root extracts have promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, thus corroborating their application in ethnomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Weimer
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ronete Haubert
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rochele Cassanta Rossi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Edna Sayuri Suyenaga
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
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42
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Lemos ASO, Florêncio JR, Pinto NCC, Campos LM, Silva TP, Grazul RM, Pinto PF, Tavares GD, Scio E, Apolônio ACM, Melo RCN, Fabri RL. Antifungal Activity of the Natural Coumarin Scopoletin Against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms From a Multidrug-Resistant Candida tropicalis Strain. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1525. [PMID: 32733416 PMCID: PMC7359730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is one the most relevant biofilm-forming fungal species increasingly associated with invasive mucosal candidiasis worldwide. The amplified antifungal resistance supports the necessity for more effective and less toxic treatment, including the use of plant-derived natural products. Scopoletin, a natural coumarin, has shown antifungal properties against plant yeast pathogens. However, the antifungal activity of this coumarin against clinically relevant fungal species such as C. tropicalis remains to be established. Here, we investigated the potential antifungal properties and mechanisms of action of scopoletin against a multidrug-resistant C. tropicalis strain (ATCC 28707). First, scopoletin was isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography from Mitracarpus frigidus, a plant species (family Rubiaceae) distributed throughout South America. Next, scopoletin was tested on C. tropicalis cultivated for 48h in both planktonic and biofilm forms. Fungal planktonic growth inhibition was analyzed by evaluating minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), time-kill kinetics and cell density whereas the mechanisms of action were investigated with nucleotide leakage, efflux pumps and sorbitol and ergosterol bioassays. Finally, the scopoletin ability to affect C. tropicalis biofilms was evaluated through spectrophotometric and whole slide imaging approaches. In all procedures, fluconazole was used as a positive control. MIC values for scopoletin and fluconazole were 50 and 250 μg/L respectively, thus demonstrating a fungistatic activity for scopoletin. Scopoletin induced a significant decrease of C. tropicalis growth curves and cell density (91.7% reduction) compared to the growth control. Its action was related to the fungal cell wall, affecting plasma membrane sterols. When associated with fluconazole, scopoletin led to inhibition of efflux pumps at the plasma membrane. Moreover, scopoletin not only inhibited the growth rate of preformed biofilms (68.2% inhibition at MIC value) but also significantly decreased the extent of biofilms growing on the surface of coverslips, preventing the formation of elongated fungal forms. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that scopoletin act as an effective antifungal phytocompound against a multidrug-resistant strain of C. tropicalis with properties that affect both planktonic and biofilm forms of this pathogen. Thus, the present findings support additional studies for antifungal drug development based on plant isolated-scopoletin to treat candidiasis caused by C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari S O Lemos
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Jônatas R Florêncio
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Nícolas C C Pinto
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Lara M Campos
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Richard M Grazul
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Priscila F Pinto
- Protein Structure and Function Study Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Guilherme D Tavares
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Systems Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Elita Scio
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina M Apolônio
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Imunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Fabri
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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43
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Kashyap P, Ram H, Shukla SD, Kumar S. Scopoletin: Antiamyloidogenic, Anticholinesterase, and Neuroprotective Potential of a Natural Compound Present in Argyreia speciosa Roots by In Vitro and In Silico Study. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520937693. [PMID: 32671342 PMCID: PMC7338734 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520937693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by depositions of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides aggregates resulting in plaques formation in the central nervous system (CNS). This study evaluates the disease-modifying potential of scopoletin against multiple factors associated with AD such as cholinesterase enzymes, Aβ peptides, and neuroprotective properties against Aβ- and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity under in vitro conditions. Scopoletin was identified and quantified using UPLC-QTOF (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The antiamyloidogenic potential was evaluated by thioflavin T and congo red binding assay. Inhibition of key enzymes, that is, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, was investigated by Ellman's assay. UPLC-QTOF analysis showed that most abundant phytoconstituent present in Argyreia speciosa hydroalcoholic root extract was scopoletin followed by festuclavine and ergometrine. Scopoletin was further quantified using novel reverse phase (RP)-HPLC method developed in this study. The neuroprotective potential of scopoletin was found to be 69% against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity and 73% against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cell culture at 40 μM final concentration. At the same concentration, scopoletin inhibited Aβ42 fibril formation up to 57%. The IC50 concentration for AChE and BuChE enzyme inhibition by scopoletin was 5.34 and 9.11 μM, respectively. The antiaggregation and enzyme inhibition results were complemented with strong molecular interactions of scopoletin with target proteins validated by in silico molecular docking analysis. Based on this study, it can be concluded that scopoletin can be used as a lead for amelioration of symptoms and disease-modifying effects in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kashyap
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS
Indraprastha University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas
University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Dutt Shukla
- Department of Zoology, Government Meera
Girls College, Udaipur, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS
Indraprastha University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Wu J. [The "chemical defense" of plants against pathogenic microbes: Phytoalexins biosynthesis and molecular regulations]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:2161-2167. [PMID: 32715677 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Plants can produce diverse groups of secondary metabolites to adapt to environment. Many secondary metabolites are involved in the defense responses against pathogenic microbes, including phytoanticipins which are low molecular weight anti-microbial compounds presented in plants before infection, and phytoalexins produced by plants de novo in response to pathogen attack. Phytoalexins are an important part of plant defense repertoire to pathogenic microbes, especially to necrotrophs. Since the concept of phytoalexin was proposed 80 years ago, many kinds of phytoalexins were identified. In contrast, the biosynthesis of most phytoalexins and their regulatory networks are largely unknown. In this review, I summarized recent research progress of phytoalexins in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana species, with special focus on molecular regulations of their biosynthesis. The problems and future directions in phytoalexin research were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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45
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Mofokeng MM, Prinsloo G, Araya HT, du Plooy CP, Sathekge NR, Amoo SO, Steyn JM. Yield and Metabolite Production of Pelargonium sidoides DC. in Response to Irrigation and Nitrogen Management. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060219. [PMID: 32471248 PMCID: PMC7345895 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition for water between agricultural and non-agricultural economic sectors hampers agricultural production, especially in water-scarce regions. Understanding crop responses in terms of yield and quality to irrigation is an important factor in designing appropriate irrigation management for optimal crop production and quality. Pelargonium sidoides DC., often harvested from the wild, is in high demand in the informal market and for commercial formulations. Agricultural production of high-quality materials through cultivation can help reduce pressure on its wild populations. This study aimed at determining the effects of water and nitrogen on P. sidoides yield and metabolite production. The irrigation treatments applied were 30%, 50%, and 70% of an allowable depletion level (ADL), while the nitrogen (N) levels were 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1. The 30% ADL resulted in a significantly higher biomass and root yield. Nitrogen at 50 and 100 kg ha−1 resulted in a significantly higher biomass yield, compared to the N control. An increase in sugars and citrate cycle components was observed for the well-watered 30% ADL treatment, whereas water-stressed (50% and 70% ADL) treatments increased alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, increasing levels of asparagine, 4-aminobutyrate, and arginine. The treatments had no significant effect on the root content of esculin, scopoletin, and umckalin. Water stress induced metabolite synthesis to mitigate the stress condition, whereas under no water stress primary metabolites were synthesized. Moreover, cultivation of P. sidoides as a conservation strategy can increase yield without affecting its bioactivity, while providing sustenance for the rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motiki M. Mofokeng
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-808-8000
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
| | - Hintsa T. Araya
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Christian P. du Plooy
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Ntshakga R. Sathekge
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Stephen O. Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
| | - J. Martin Steyn
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
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Das S, Czuni L, Báló V, Papp G, Gazdag Z, Papp N, Kőszegi T. Cytotoxic Action of Artemisinin and Scopoletin on Planktonic Forms and on Biofilms of Candida Species. Molecules 2020; 25:E476. [PMID: 31979177 PMCID: PMC7038054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antifungal activities of purified plant metabolites artemisinin (Ar) and scopoletin (Sc) including inhibition, effects on metabolic activities, viability, and oxidative stress on planktonic forms and on preformed biofilms of seven Candida species. The characteristic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of Ar and Sc against Candida species ranged from 21.83-142.1 µg/mL and 67.22-119.4 µg/mL, respectively. Drug concentrations causing ≈10% CFU decrease within 60 minutes of treatments were also determined (minimum effective concentration, MEC10) using 100-fold higher CFUs than in the case of MIC90 studies. Cytotoxic effects on planktonic and on mature biofilms of Candida species at MEC10 concentrations were further evaluated with fluorescent live/dead discrimination techniques. Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida parapsilosis were the species most sensitive to Ar and Sc. Ar and Sc were also found to promote the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing oxidative stress at their respective MEC10 concentrations against the tested planktonic Candida species. Ar and Sc possess dose-dependent antifungal action but the underlying mechanism type (fungistatic and fungicidal) is not clear yet. Our data suggest that Ar and Sc found in herbal plants might have potential usage in the fight against Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13., Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
| | - Lilla Czuni
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., Hungary; (L.C.); (V.B.); (G.P.); (Z.G.)
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
| | - Viktória Báló
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., Hungary; (L.C.); (V.B.); (G.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Gábor Papp
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., Hungary; (L.C.); (V.B.); (G.P.); (Z.G.)
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gazdag
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., Hungary; (L.C.); (V.B.); (G.P.); (Z.G.)
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
| | - Nóra Papp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, 7624 Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13., Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., Hungary
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Sun G, Strebl M, Merz M, Blamberg R, Huang FC, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Glucosylation of the phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine modulates the levels of pathogen-responsive metabolites in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J 2019; 100:20-37. [PMID: 31124249 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme promiscuity, a common property of many uridine diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that convert small molecules, significantly hinders the identification of natural substrates and therefore the characterization of the physiological role of enzymes. In this paper we present a simple but effective strategy to identify endogenous substrates of plant UGTs using LC-MS-guided targeted glycoside analysis of transgenic plants. We successfully identified natural substrates of two promiscuous Nicotiana benthamiana UGTs (NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25), orthologues of pathogen-induced tobacco UGT (TOGT) from Nicotiana tabacum, which is involved in the hypersensitive reaction. While in N. tabacum, TOGT glucosylated scopoletin after treatment with salicylate, fungal elicitors and the tobacco mosaic virus, NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25 produced glucosides of phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine, which may strengthen cell walls to prevent the intrusion of pathogens, and flavonols after agroinfiltration of the corresponding genes in N. benthamiana. Enzymatic glucosylation of fractions of a physiological aglycone library confirmed the biological substrates of UGTs. In addition, overexpression of both genes in N. benthamiana produced clear lesions on the leaves and led to a significantly reduced content of pathogen-induced plant metabolites such as phenylalanine and tryptophan. Our results revealed some additional biological functions of TOGT enzymes and indicated a multifunctional role of UGTs in plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Sun
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Strebl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Robert Blamberg
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Fong-Chin Huang
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Yang T, Ye ZQ, Tian J, Fang HR, Han JJ, Wang ZZ, Li X. Corrigendum: Scopoletin Suppresses Activation of Dendritic Cells and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1037. [PMID: 31543821 PMCID: PMC6753387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00863.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Rong Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Zarrelli A, Pollio A, Aceto S, Romanucci V, Carella F, Stefani P, De Natale A, De Vico G. Optimisation of artemisinin and scopoletin extraction from Artemisia annua with a new modern pressurised cyclic solid-liquid (PCSL) extraction technique. Phytochem Anal 2019; 30:564-571. [PMID: 31238388 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artemisia annua is a small herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family declared therapeutic by the World Health Organisation, in particular for its artemisinin content, an active ingredient at the base of most antimalarial treatments, used every year by over 300 million people. In the last years, owing to low artemisinin content, research of new ways to increase the yield of the plant matrix has led to the use of the total extract taking advantage from the synergic and stabilising effects of the other components. OBJECTIVE In this work we evaluated and compared the content of artemisinin and scopoletin in extracts of A. annua collected in the Campania Region (southern Italy), by two different extraction processes. METHODOLOGY Artemisia annua plants were extracted by traditional maceration (TM) in hydroalcoholic solution as a mother tincture prepared according to the European Pharmacopeia and by pressurised cyclic solid-liquid (PCSL) extraction, a new generation method using the Naviglio extractor. RESULTS The results showed that the PCSL extraction technique is more effective than traditional methods in extracting both phytochemicals, up to 15 times more, reducing the extraction times, without using solvents or having risks for the operators, the environment and the users of the extracts. CONCLUSION The Naviglio extractor provides extracts with an artemisinin and scopoletin content eight times higher than the daily therapeutic dose, which should be evaluated for its stability over time and biological properties for possible direct use for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Aceto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Stefani
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino De Natale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gionata De Vico
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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50
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Ruan J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Han L, Zhang Y, Wang T. Bioactive Constituents from the Roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Molecules 2019; 24:E3157. [PMID: 31480226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new phenolic components, eurylophenolosides A (1) and B (2), eurylolignanosides A (3) and B (4), along with twelve known compounds were isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. The structure of these components was elucidated by using various spectral techniques and chemical reactions. Among the known isolates, syringaldehyde (12), 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 3-chloro-4-hydroxyl benzoic acid-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (14), and isotachioside (15) were isolated from the Eurycoma genus for the first time. Further, the NMR data of 14 was reported here firstly. Meanwhile, the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of all compounds were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells at 40 μM. As results, piscidinol A (6), 24-epi-piscidinol A (7), bourjotinolone A (10), and scopoletin (16) were found to play important role in suppressing NO levels without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the Western blot method was used to investigate the mechanism of compounds 6, 7, 10, and 16 by analysing the level of inflammation related proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Consequently, compounds 6, 7, 10, and 16 were found to significantly inhibit LPS-induced protein expression of IL-6, NF-κB and iNOS in NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, it was found that the protein expression inhibitory effects of 6, 7, and 16 exhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the iNOS expressions through suppressing the IL-6-induced NF-κB pathway.
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