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Bradding P, Porsbjerg C, Côté A, Dahlén SE, Hallstrand TS, Brightling CE. Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: The role of the epithelium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1181-1193. [PMID: 38395082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a key clinical feature of asthma. The presence of AHR in people with asthma provides the substrate for bronchoconstriction in response to numerous diverse stimuli, contributing to airflow limitation and symptoms including breathlessness, wheeze, and chest tightness. Dysfunctional airway smooth muscle significantly contributes to AHR and is displayed as increased sensitivity to direct pharmacologic bronchoconstrictor stimuli, such as inhaled histamine and methacholine (direct AHR), or to endogenous mediators released by activated airway cells such as mast cells (indirect AHR). Research in in vivo human models has shown that the disrupted airway epithelium plays an important role in driving inflammation that mediates indirect AHR in asthma through the release of cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33. These cytokines upregulate type 2 cytokines promoting airway eosinophilia and induce the release of bronchoconstrictor mediators from mast cells such as histamine, prostaglandin D2, and cysteinyl leukotrienes. While bronchoconstriction is largely due to airway smooth muscle contraction, airway structural changes known as remodeling, likely mediated in part by epithelial-derived mediators, also lead to airflow obstruction and may enhance AHR. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of the role of the airway epithelium in AHR in asthma and its implications on the wider disease. Increased understanding of airway epithelial biology may contribute to better treatment options, particularly in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Leicester Respiratory National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andréanne Côté
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Leicester Respiratory National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Zhou M, Sun R, Chakraborty R, Wang C, Lauzon AM, Martin JG. CD4 + T cell-derived IFN-γ and LIGHT synergistically upregulate chemokine production from airway smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23405. [PMID: 38193542 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301428rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling in asthmatic airways may contribute to persistent airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. CD4+ T cells infiltrate the ASM layer where they may induce a proliferative and secretory ASM cell phenotype. We studied the interaction between activated CD4+ T cells and ASM cells in co-culture in vitro and investigated the effects of CD4+ T cells on chemokine production by ASM cells. CD4+ T cells induced marked upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine ligands (CXCL) 9, 10, and 11 in ASM cells. Blockade of the IFN-γ receptor on ASM cells prevented this upregulation. Furthermore, T cell-derived IFN-γ and LIGHT (lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for binding to herpesvirus entry mediator, a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes) synergize in a dose-dependent manner to coordinately enhance CXCL9, 10, and 11 expression. The synergistic property of LIGHT was mediated exclusively through the lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTBR), but not herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM). Disruption of LTBR signaling in ASM cells reduced CXCL9, 10, and 11 production and ASM cell-mediated CD4+ T cell chemotaxis. We conclude that the LIGHT-LTBR signaling axis acts together with IFN-γ to regulate chemokines that mediate lymphocyte infiltration in asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rohin Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christina Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Du L, Xu C, Tang K, Shi J, Tang L, Lisha X, Lei C, Liu H, Liang Y, Guo Y. Epithelial CST1 Promotes Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma via the AKT Signaling Pathway. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:374-394. [PMID: 37075800 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.3.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial cystatin SN (CST1), a type 2 cysteine protease inhibitor, was significantly upregulated in asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of CST1 in eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis on Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were used to explore the expression of CST1 in asthma. Sputum samples were collected from 76 asthmatics and 22 control subjects. CST1 mRNA and protein expression in the induced sputum were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting. The possible function of CST1 was explored in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced eosinophilic asthma. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to predict the possible regulated mechanism of CST1 in bronchial epithelial cells. Overexpression or knockdown of CST1 was further used to verify potential mechanisms in bronchial epithelial cells. RESULTS CST1 expression was significantly increased in the epithelial cells and induced sputum of asthma. Increased CST1 was significantly associated with eosinophilic indicators and T helper cytokines. CST1 aggravated airway eosinophilic inflammation in the OVA-induced asthma model. In addition, overexpression of CST1 significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 2 (SERPINB2), while knockdown using anti-CST1 siRNA reversed the trend. Furthermore, AKT had a positive effect on SERPINB2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Increased sputum CST1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma through involvement in eosinophilic and type 2 inflammation through activation of the AKT signaling pathway, further promoting SERPINB2 expression. Therefore, targeting CST1 might be of therapeutic value in treating asthma with severe and eosinophilic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changyi Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lisha
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yubiao Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Miki H, Kiosses WB, Manresa MC, Gupta RK, Sethi GS, Herro R, Da Silva Antunes R, Dutta P, Miller M, Fung K, Chawla A, Dobaczewska K, Ay F, Broide DH, Tumanov AV, Croft M. Lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling directly controls airway smooth muscle deregulation and asthmatic lung dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:976-990.e5. [PMID: 36473503 PMCID: PMC10081945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) is central to the severity of asthma. Which molecules dominantly control ASM in asthma is unclear. High levels of the cytokine LIGHT (aka TNFSF14) have been linked to asthma severity and lower baseline predicted FEV1 percentage, implying that signals through its receptors might directly control ASM dysfunction. OBJECTIVE Our study sought to determine whether signaling via lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) or herpesvirus entry mediator from LIGHT dominantly drives ASM hyperreactivity induced by allergen. METHODS Conditional knockout mice deficient for LTβR or herpesvirus entry mediator in smooth muscle cells were used to determine their role in ASM deregulation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in vivo. Human ASM were used to study signals induced by LTβR. RESULTS LTβR was strongly expressed in ASM from normal and asthmatic subjects compared to several other receptors implicated in smooth muscle deregulation. Correspondingly, conditional deletion of LTβR only in smooth muscle cells in smMHCCreLTβRfl/fl mice minimized changes in their numbers and mass as well as AHR induced by house dust mite allergen in a model of severe asthma. Intratracheal LIGHT administration independently induced ASM hypertrophy and AHR in vivo dependent on direct LTβR signals to ASM. LIGHT promoted contractility, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of human ASM in vitro. Distinguishing LTβR from the receptors for IL-13, TNF, and IL-17, which have also been implicated in smooth muscle dysregulation, LIGHT promoted NF-κB-inducing kinase-dependent noncanonical nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells in ASM in vitro, leading to sustained accumulation of F-actin, phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase, and contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS LTβR signals directly and dominantly drive airway smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness relevant for pathogenesis of airway remodeling in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Miki
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | | | - Mario C Manresa
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Rinkesh K Gupta
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Gurupreet S Sethi
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Rana Herro
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | | | - Paramita Dutta
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif
| | - Kai Fung
- Bioinformatics Core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Ashu Chawla
- Bioinformatics Core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | | | - Ferhat Ay
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif; Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif.
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Frøssing L, Klein DK, Hvidtfeldt M, Obling N, Telg G, Erjefält JS, Bodtger U, Porsbjerg C. Distribution of type 2 biomarkers and association with severity, clinical characteristics and comorbidities in the BREATHE real-life asthma population. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00483-2022. [PMID: 36949964 PMCID: PMC10026007 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00483-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 (T2) high asthma is recognised as a heterogenous entity consisting of several endotypes; however, the prevalence and distribution of the T2 biomarkers in the general asthma population, across asthma severity, and across compartments is largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to describe expression and overlaps of airway and systemic T2 biomarkers in a clinically representative asthma population. Methods Patients with asthma from the real-life BREATHE cohort referred to a specialist centre were included and grouped according to T2 biomarkers: blood and sputum eosinophilia (≥0.3×109 cells·L-1 and 3% respectively), total IgE (≥150 U·mL-1), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (≥25 ppb). Results Patients with mild-to-moderate asthma were younger (41 versus 49 years, p<0.001), had lower body mass index (25.9 versus 28.0 kg·m-2, p=0.002) and less atopy (47% versus 58%, p=0.05), higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s (3.2 versus 2.8 L, p<0.001) and forced vital capacity (4.3 versus 3.9 L, p<0.001) compared with patients with severe asthma, who had higher blood (0.22×109 versus 0.17×109 cells·L-1, p=0.01) and sputum (3.0% versus 1.5%, p=0.01) eosinophils. Co-expression of all T2 biomarkers was a particular characteristic of severe asthma (p<0.001). In patients with eosinophilia, sputum eosinophilia without blood eosinophilia was present in 45% of patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and 35% with severe asthma. Conclusion Severe asthma is more commonly associated with activation of several T2 pathways, indicating that treatments targeting severe asthma may need to act more broadly on T2 inflammatory pathways. Implementation of airway inflammometry in clinical care is of paramount importance, as the best treatable trait is otherwise is overlooked in a large proportion of patients irrespective of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurits Frøssing
- Respiratory Research Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Contributed equally
- Corresponding author: Laurits Frøssing ()
| | - Ditte K. Klein
- Respiratory Research Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Contributed equally
| | - Morten Hvidtfeldt
- Respiratory Research Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Obling
- Respiratory Research Unit PLUZ, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | | | | | - Uffe Bodtger
- Respiratory Research Unit PLUZ, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Respiratory Research Unit, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Frøssing L, Von Bülow A, Porsbjerg C. Bronchiectasis in severe asthma is associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation and activation. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:36-42. [PMID: 37780108 PMCID: PMC10509871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Bronchiectasis is a common comorbidity in severe asthma; causative pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood but may differ from other causes of bronchiectasis. The role of eosinophilic airway inflammation, a classic feature of asthma predominantly driven by IL-5 and IL-13, in bronchiectasis is unclear, but association with disruption of the airway epithelium through eosinophil degranulation and increased mucus production is plausible. Objective We sought to describe the prevalence of bronchiectasis in an unselected population of patients with severe asthma, and the association with the airway eosinophilic inflammation and activation. Methods All patients with severe asthma according to European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society criteria (high-dose inhaled corticosteroids/oral corticosteroids), attending 4 respiratory clinics over a 1-year period, were included. All patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography and induced sputum was collected and analyzed for a cell differential count, free eosinophilic granules, and airway messenger RNA expression of T2 inflammatory pathways. Results Bronchiectasis was present in 31% (34 of 108) of patients with severe asthma, and half (52%) of these patients had airway eosinophilia whereas only 16% of patients without bronchiectasis had airway eosinophilia. Patients with bronchiectasis had a significantly higher sputum eosinophil count (5.3 vs 0.8; P = .001) as well as more extensive eosinophil degranulation, compared with those without bronchiectasis (13% vs 2%; P = .05), suggesting a higher degree of eosinophil activation. Pairwise analyses identified significantly higher messenger RNA expression of Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin in patients with bronchiectasis (P = .02). Conclusions Bronchiectasis in severe asthma was associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation and eosinophilic degranulation as well as messenger RNA expression of Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurits Frøssing
- Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Von Bülow
- Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lv X, Gao Z, Tang W, Qin J, Wang W, Liu J, Li M, Teng F, Yi L, Dong J, Wei Y. Trends of therapy in the treatment of asthma. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2023; 17:17534666231155748. [PMID: 36942731 PMCID: PMC10031615 DOI: 10.1177/17534666231155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the development of therapy for asthma, grasp the core paradigm associated with the transformation of cognition of asthma treatment and asthma, explore potential and effective therapies for asthma, discover new biomarkers and mechanisms related to asthma treatment, find novel targets for anti-asthma drugs, and predict the future trends of asthma therapy, we used a bibliometric analysis to research articles related to the therapies for asthma published from 1983 to 2022. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to analyze the articles associated with therapy for asthma with the help of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from January 1, 1983 to August 14, 2022. The CiteSpace 6.1.R2 software and VOS viewer 6.1.8 software were utilized to analyze the overall structure of the network, network clusters, links between clusters, key nodes, and pathways. RESULTS A total of 3902 publications related to therapies on asthma were published in 3211 academic journals by a total of 14,655 authors in 3476 organizations from 87 countries or regions from 1983 to 2022. The United States published the most articles (n = 1143), followed by England (n = 574) and China (n = 405). However, the centrality of China was 0.4, higher than the United States (centrality = 0.16) and Singapore (centrality = 0.11). Akdis Cezmi published the most papers. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology published the most studies on therapies for asthma. Asthma was the most frequent keyword (n = 594). The betweenness centrality value of keywords that were greater than 0.1 included airway inflammation (centrality = 0.22), double blind (centrality = 0.18), asthma (centrality = 0.17), inflammation (centrality = 0.12), and inhaled corticosteroid (centrality = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS The results from this biometric review provide insight into the development of therapy for asthma, the paradigm of recognition of this field, the approach of discovering new targets, exploration and combination of new mechanisms, and the frontier trend of this field in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Lv
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Qin
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mihui Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhou Teng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - La Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ware CF, Croft M, Neil GA. Realigning the LIGHT signaling network to control dysregulated inflammation. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213236. [PMID: 35604387 PMCID: PMC9130030 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the physiologic functions of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) of ligands, receptors, and signaling networks are providing deeper insight into pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases and cancer. LIGHT (TNFSF14) has emerged as an important modulator of critical innate and adaptive immune responses. LIGHT and its signaling receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14), and lymphotoxin β receptor, form an immune regulatory network with two co-receptors of herpesvirus entry mediator, checkpoint inhibitor B and T lymphocyte attenuator, and CD160. Deciphering the fundamental features of this network reveals new understanding to guide therapeutic development. Accumulating evidence from infectious diseases points to the dysregulation of the LIGHT network as a disease-driving mechanism in autoimmune and inflammatory reactions in barrier organs, including coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent clinical results warrant further investigation of the LIGHT regulatory network and application of target-modifying therapeutics for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
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Janson C, Bjermer L, Lehtimäki L, Kankaanranta H, Karjalainen J, Altraja A, Yasinska V, Aarli B, Rådinger M, Hellgren J, Lofdahl M, Howarth PH, Porsbjerg C. Eosinophilic airway diseases: basic science, clinical manifestations and future challenges. Eur Clin Respir J 2022; 9:2040707. [PMID: 35251534 PMCID: PMC8896196 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2022.2040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils have a broad range of functions, both homeostatic and pathological, mediated through an array of cell surface receptors and specific secretory granules that promote interactions with their microenvironment. Eosinophil development, differentiation, activation, survival and recruitment are closely regulated by a number of type 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5, the key driver of eosinophilopoiesis. Evidence shows that type 2 inflammation, driven mainly by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic airway diseases, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Several biologic therapies have been developed to suppress type 2 inflammation, namely mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, omalizumab and tezepelumab. While these therapies have been associated with clinical benefits in a range of eosinophilic diseases, their development has highlighted several challenges and directions for future research. These include the need for further information on disease progression and identification of treatable traits, including clinical characteristics or biomarkers that will improve the prediction of treatment response. The Nordic countries have a long tradition of collaboration using patient registries and Nordic asthma registries provide unique opportunities to address these research questions. One example of such a registry is the NORdic Dataset for aSThmA Research (NORDSTAR), a longitudinal population-based dataset containing all 3.3 million individuals with asthma from four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). Large-scale, real-world registry data such as those from Nordic countries may provide important information regarding the progression of eosinophilic asthma, in addition to clinical characteristics or biomarkers that could allow targeted treatment and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lauri Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jussi Karjalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Tartu and Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Valentyna Yasinska
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bernt Aarli
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Hellgren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Peter H Howarth
- Respiratory Medical Franchise, GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital and Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Seys SF, Long MB. The quest for biomarkers in asthma: challenging the T2 versus non-T2 paradigm. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:59/2/2102669. [PMID: 35177484 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02669-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven F Seys
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Dept of Microbiology, Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merete B Long
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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11
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Frøssing L, Hvidtfeldt M, Silberbrandt A, Sverrild A, Porsbjerg C. Missing sputum samples are common in asthma intervention studies and successful collection at follow-up is related to improvement in clinical outcomes. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00612-2021. [PMID: 35141327 PMCID: PMC8819258 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00612-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With only modest agreement between airway and systemic eosinophilia, biomarkers directly assessing the level and type of airway inflammation are becoming increasingly important, both for targeting treatment to the individual patient and for assessing effect [1]. Several factors significantly impact ability to produce a sputum sample after an anti-inflammatory intervention and these authors argue that the widely used complete-case analysis is inappropriate for paired sputum-based outcome measureshttps://bit.ly/3qN2pk5
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