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Pruller J, Pham TT, Blower JE, Charoenphun P, Volpe A, Sunassee K, Mullen GED, Blower PJ, Smith RAG, Ma MT. An indium-111-labelled membrane-targeted peptide for cell tracking with radionuclide imaging. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:65-73. [PMID: 36685254 PMCID: PMC9811519 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell labelling agents that enable longitudinal in vivo tracking of administered cells will support the clinical development of cell-based therapies. Radionuclide imaging with gamma and positron-emitting radioisotopes can provide quantitative and longitudinal mapping of cells in vivo. To make this widely accessible and adaptable to a range of cell types, new, versatile and simple methods for directly radiolabelling cells are required. We have developed [111In]In-DTPA-CTP, the first example of a radiolabelled peptide that binds to the extracellular membrane of cells, for tracking cell distribution in vivo using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). [111In]In-DTPA-CTP consists of (i) myristoyl groups for insertion into the phospholipid bilayer, (ii) positively charged lysine residues for electrostatic association with negatively charged phospholipid groups at the cell surface and (iii) a diethylenetriamine pentaacetate derivative that coordinates the γ-emitting radiometal, [111In]In3+. [111In]In-DTPA-CTP binds to 5T33 murine myeloma cells, enabling qualitative SPECT tracking of myeloma cells' accumulation in lungs immediately after intravenous administration. This is the first report of a radiolabelled cell-membrane binding peptide for use in cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Pruller
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Truc Thuy Pham
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Julia E Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Putthiporn Charoenphun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Alessia Volpe
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Gregory E D Mullen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Richard A G Smith
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London UK
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2
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Abstract
Over the last few years, cancer immunotherapy experienced tremendous developments and it is nowadays considered a promising strategy against many types of cancer. However, the exclusion of lymphocytes from the tumor nest is a common phenomenon that limits the efficiency of immunotherapy in solid tumors. Despite several mechanisms proposed during the years to explain the immune excluded phenotype, at present, there is no integrated understanding about the role played by different models of immune exclusion in human cancers. Hypoxia is a hallmark of most solid tumors and, being a multifaceted and complex condition, shapes in a unique way the tumor microenvironment, affecting gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. In this review, we speculate about an upstream role for hypoxia as a common biological determinant of immune exclusion in solid tumors. We also discuss the current state of ex vivo and in vivo imaging of hypoxic determinants in relation to T cell distribution that could mechanisms of immune exclusion and discover functional-morphological tumor features that could support clinical monitoring.
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3
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Obeidy P, Ju LA, Oehlers SH, Zulkhernain NS, Lee Q, Galeano Niño JL, Kwan RY, Tikoo S, Cavanagh LL, Mrass P, Cook AJ, Jackson SP, Biro M, Roediger B, Sixt M, Weninger W. Partial loss of actin nucleator actin-related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 98:93-113. [PMID: 31698518 PMCID: PMC7028084 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes utilize amoeboid migration to navigate effectively within complex microenvironments. The precise rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton required for cellular forward propulsion is mediated by actin regulators, including the actin‐related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, a macromolecular machine that nucleates branched actin filaments at the leading edge. The consequences of modulating Arp2/3 activity on the biophysical properties of the actomyosin cortex and downstream T cell function are incompletely understood. We report that even a moderate decrease of Arp3 levels in T cells profoundly affects actin cortex integrity. Reduction in total F‐actin content leads to reduced cortical tension and disrupted lamellipodia formation. Instead, in Arp3‐knockdown cells, the motility mode is dominated by blebbing migration characterized by transient, balloon‐like protrusions at the leading edge. Although this migration mode seems to be compatible with interstitial migration in three‐dimensional environments, diminished locomotion kinetics and impaired cytotoxicity interfere with optimal T cell function. These findings define the importance of finely tuned, Arp2/3‐dependent mechanophysical membrane integrity in cytotoxic effector T lymphocyte activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Obeidy
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Lining A Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program, The Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Discipline of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nursafwana S Zulkhernain
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Quintin Lee
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Jorge L Galeano Niño
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Rain Yq Kwan
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Shweta Tikoo
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lois L Cavanagh
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Paulus Mrass
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Adam Jl Cook
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Shaun P Jackson
- Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Ben Roediger
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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4
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Kleinovink JW, Mezzanotte L, Zambito G, Fransen MF, Cruz LJ, Verbeek JS, Chan A, Ossendorp F, Löwik C. A Dual-Color Bioluminescence Reporter Mouse for Simultaneous in vivo Imaging of T Cell Localization and Function. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3097. [PMID: 30671062 PMCID: PMC6333049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging technologies to visualize the location and functionality of T cells are of great value in immunology. Here, we describe the design and generation of a transgenic mouse in which all T cells constitutively express green-emitting click-beetle luciferase (CBG99) while expression of the red-emitting firefly luciferase (PpyRE9) is induced by Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) such as during T cell activation, which allows multicolor bioluminescence imaging of T cell location and function. This dual-luciferase mouse, which we named TbiLuc, showed high constitutive luciferase expression in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen. Ex vivo purified CD8+ and CD4+ T cells both constitutively expressed luciferase, whereas B cells showed no detectable signal. We cross-bred TbiLuc mice to T cell receptor-transgenic OT-I mice to obtain luciferase-expressing naïve CD8+ T cells with defined antigen-specificity. TbiLuc*OT-I T cells showed a fully antigen-specific induction of the T cell activation-dependent luciferase. In vaccinated mice, we visualized T cell localization and activation in vaccine-draining lymph nodes with high sensitivity using two distinct luciferase substrates, D-luciferin and CycLuc1, of which the latter specifically reacts with the PpyRE9 enzyme. This dual-luciferase T cell reporter mouse can be applied in many experimental models studying the location and functional state of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Kleinovink
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Medres, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V., Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oncology, CHUV Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Juergens RA, Zukotynski KA, Singnurkar A, Snider DP, Valliant JF, Gulenchyn KY. Imaging Biomarkers in Immunotherapy. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:1-13. [PMID: 26949344 PMCID: PMC4768940 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s31805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune-based therapies have been in use for decades but recent work with immune checkpoint inhibitors has now changed the landscape of cancer treatment as a whole. While these advances are encouraging, clinicians still do not have a consistent biomarker they can rely on that can accurately select patients or monitor response. Molecular imaging technology provides a noninvasive mechanism to evaluate tumors and may be an ideal candidate for these purposes. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of action of varied immunotherapies and the current strategies for monitoring patients with imaging. We then describe some of the key researches in the preclinical and clinical literature on the current uses of molecular imaging of the immune system and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine A Zukotynski
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amit Singnurkar
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Denis P Snider
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Y Gulenchyn
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Charoenphun P, Meszaros LK, Chuamsaamarkkee K, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Ballinger JR, Ferris TJ, Went MJ, Mullen GED, Blower PJ. [(89)Zr]oxinate4 for long-term in vivo cell tracking by positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:278-87. [PMID: 25359636 PMCID: PMC4315484 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (111)In (typically as [(111)In]oxinate3) is a gold standard radiolabel for cell tracking in humans by scintigraphy. A long half-life positron-emitting radiolabel to serve the same purpose using positron emission tomography (PET) has long been sought. We aimed to develop an (89)Zr PET tracer for cell labelling and compare it with [(111)In]oxinate3 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS [(89)Zr]Oxinate4 was synthesised and its uptake and efflux were measured in vitro in three cell lines and in human leukocytes. The in vivo biodistribution of eGFP-5T33 murine myeloma cells labelled using [(89)Zr]oxinate4 or [(111)In]oxinate3 was monitored for up to 14 days. (89)Zr retention by living radiolabelled eGFP-positive cells in vivo was monitored by FACS sorting of liver, spleen and bone marrow cells followed by gamma counting. RESULTS Zr labelling was effective in all cell types with yields comparable with (111)In labelling. Retention of (89)Zr in cells in vitro after 24 h was significantly better (range 71 to >90%) than (111)In (43-52%). eGFP-5T33 cells in vivo showed the same early biodistribution whether labelled with (111)In or (89)Zr (initial pulmonary accumulation followed by migration to liver, spleen and bone marrow), but later translocation of radioactivity to kidneys was much greater for (111)In. In liver, spleen and bone marrow at least 92% of (89)Zr remained associated with eGFP-positive cells after 7 days in vivo. CONCLUSION [(89)Zr]Oxinate4 offers a potential solution to the emerging need for a long half-life PET tracer for cell tracking in vivo and deserves further evaluation of its effects on survival and behaviour of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putthiporn Charoenphun
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Levente K. Meszaros
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Krisanat Chuamsaamarkkee
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - James R. Ballinger
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Trevor J. Ferris
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH UK
| | - Michael J. Went
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH UK
| | - Gregory E. D. Mullen
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
- Division of Chemistry, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity St, London, SE11DB UK
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7
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Fruhwirth GO, Diocou S, Blower PJ, Ng T, Mullen G. A whole-body dual-modality radionuclide optical strategy for preclinical imaging of metastasis and heterogeneous treatment response in different microenvironments. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:686-94. [PMID: 24604910 PMCID: PMC6205625 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.127480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Imaging spontaneous cancer cell metastasis or heterogeneous tumor responses to drug treatment in vivo is difficult to achieve. The goal was to develop a new highly sensitive and reliable preclinical longitudinal in vivo imaging model for this purpose, thereby facilitating discovery and validation of anticancer therapies or molecular imaging agents. METHODS The strategy is based on breast cancer cells stably expressing the human sodium iodide symporter (NIS) fused to a red fluorescent protein, thereby permitting radionuclide and fluorescence imaging. Using whole-body nano-SPECT/CT with (99m)TcO4(-), we followed primary tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis in the presence or absence of etoposide treatment. NIS imaging was used to classify organs as small as individual lymph nodes (LNs) to be positive or negative for metastasis, and results were confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Etoposide treatment efficacy was proven by ex vivo anticaspase 3 staining and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS In this preclinical model, we found that the NIS imaging strategy outperformed state-of-the-art (18)F-FDG imaging in its ability to detect small tumors (18.5-fold-better tumor-to-blood ratio) and metastases (LN, 3.6-fold) because of improved contrast in organs close to metastatic sites (12- and 8.5-fold-lower standardized uptake value in the heart and kidney, respectively). We applied the model to assess the treatment response to the neoadjuvant etoposide and found a consistent and reliable improvement in spontaneous metastasis detection. Importantly, we also found that tumor cells in different microenvironments responded in a heterogeneous manner to etoposide treatment, which could be determined only by the NIS-based strategy and not by (18)F-FDG imaging. CONCLUSION We developed a new strategy for preclinical longitudinal in vivo cancer cell tracking with greater sensitivity and reliability than (18)F-FDG PET and applied it to track spontaneous and distant metastasis in the presence or absence of genotoxic stress therapy. Importantly, the model provides sufficient sensitivity and dynamic range to permit the reliable assessment of heterogeneous treatment responses in various microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, King's College London (KCL) & UCL
- The Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, KCL, London SE1 1UL
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH
| | - Seckou Diocou
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, King's College London (KCL) & UCL
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH
| | - Philip J. Blower
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, King's College London (KCL) & UCL
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH
| | - Tony Ng
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, King's College London (KCL) & UCL
- The Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, KCL, London SE1 1UL
| | - Greg Mullen
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH
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