1
|
McElroy TD, Duffy KA, Hathaway ER, Byrne ME, Kalish JM. Investigation of a pervasive immune, cardiac, and behavioral phenotype in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1107-1110. [PMID: 36595472 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder caused by genetic and epigenetic changes in the chromosome 11p15 region. The syndrome is characterized by a wide range of features including macrosomia, lateralized overgrowth, abdominal wall defects, and hypoglycemia. BWS presentation is variable across the entire patient population, but certain areas including immunology, cardiology, and behavioral differences are not well characterized. We present a case of a male patient with BWS due to the most common cause of BWS, loss of methylation at imprinting center 2 with a variable phenotype, including classical features (macrosomia, macroglossia, omphalocele, placentomegaly and mild lateralized overgrowth) in addition to uncommon features (immune deficiency, developmental delays, and pulmonary stenosis) not typically seen in BWS. This study defines a patient's clinical presentation and course and highlights the need to consider atypical organ systems in BWS as either an expansion of the phenotype or co-existing conditions to develop personalized care models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D McElroy
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly A Duffy
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Evan R Hathaway
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mallory E Byrne
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Urakawa T, Ozawa J, Tanaka M, Narusawa H, Matsuoka K, Fukami M, Nagasaki K, Kagami M. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with long QT caused by a deletion involving KCNQ1 but not KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104671. [PMID: 36402267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder with characteristic features, such as overgrowth, macroglossia, and exomphalos. Hypomethylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-differentially methylated region (DMR) on the 11p15.5 imprinted region is the most common etiology of BWS. KCNQ1 on 11p15.5 is expressed from the maternally inherited allele in most tissues, but is biparentally expressed in the heart, and maternal KCNQ1 transcription is required to establish the maternal DNA imprint in the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR. Loss of function variants in KCNQ1 result in long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1). To date, eight patients with BWS due to KCNQ1 splice variants or structural abnormalities involving KCNQ1 but not the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR have been reported (KCNQ1-BWS), and four of them had LQT1. We report a Japanese boy with BWS and LQT1 presenting with extreme hypomethylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR caused by a de novo 215-kb deletion including KCNQ1 but not the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR on the maternal allele. He was born by emergency cesarean section due to suspicion of placental abruption at 30 weeks of gestation. His birth weight and length were +1.6 SD and +1.0 SD, respectively. His placental weight was +3.9 SD, and histological examination of his placenta was consistent with mesenchymal dysplasia. He had BWS clinical features, including macroglossia, ear creases and pits, body asymmetry, and rectus abdominis muscle dehiscence, and BWS was therefore diagnosed. LQT1 was first noticed at three months in a preoperative examination for lingual frenectomy. The summarized data of our patient and the previously reported eight patients in KCNQ1-BWS showed more frequent and earlier preterm births and smaller sized birth weight in KCNQ1-BWS cases than those with BWS caused by epimutation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR. In addition, in five of nine patients with KCNQ1-BWS, LQT1 was detected, and two of them were identified at school age. In our patient and in another single case with LQT1, the LQT1 was not detected early despite neonatal ECG monitoring. For BWS patients with extreme hypomethylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR, searching for CNVs involving KCNQ1 and mutation screening for KCNQ1 should be considered together with periodic ECG monitoring. (338/500 words).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Urakawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Junichi Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Hiromune Narusawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuoka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naveh NSS, Deegan DF, Huhn J, Traxler E, Lan Y, Weksberg R, Ganguly A, Engel N, Kalish JM. The role of CTCF in the organization of the centromeric 11p15 imprinted domain interactome. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6315-6330. [PMID: 34107024 PMCID: PMC8216465 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, chromatin-binding proteins, and DNA looping are common components regulating genomic imprinting which leads to parent-specific monoallelic gene expression. Loss of methylation (LOM) at the human imprinting center 2 (IC2) on chromosome 11p15 is the most common cause of the imprinting overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS). Here, we report a familial transmission of a 7.6 kB deletion that ablates the core promoter of KCNQ1. This structural alteration leads to IC2 LOM and causes recurrent BWS. We find that occupancy of the chromatin organizer CTCF is disrupted proximal to the deletion, which causes chromatin architecture changes both in cis and in trans. We also profile the chromatin architecture of IC2 in patients with sporadic BWS caused by isolated LOM to identify conserved features of IC2 regulatory disruption. A strong interaction between CTCF sites around KCNQ1 and CDKN1C likely drive their expression on the maternal allele, while a weaker interaction involving the imprinting control region element may impede this connection and mediate gene silencing on the paternal allele. We present an imprinting model in which KCNQ1 transcription is necessary for appropriate CTCF binding and a novel chromatin conformation to drive allele-specific gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natali S Sobel Naveh
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel F Deegan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jacklyn Huhn
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Emily Traxler
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nora Engel
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome with Single- or Multi-Locus Imprinting Disturbance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073445. [PMID: 33810554 PMCID: PMC8036922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous overgrowth disease. BWS is caused by (epi)genetic defects at the 11p15 chromosomal region, which harbors two clusters of imprinted genes, IGF2/H19 and CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1, regulated by differential methylation of imprinting control regions, H19/IGF2:IG DMR and KCNQ1OT1:TSS DMR, respectively. A subset of BWS patients show multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID), with methylation defects extended to other imprinted genes in addition to the disease-specific locus. Specific (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations have been defined in order to help clinicians in the classification of patients and referring them to a timely diagnosis and a tailored follow-up. However, specific phenotypic correlations have not been identified among MLID patients, thus causing a debate on the usefulness of multi-locus testing in clinical diagnosis. Finally, the high incidence of BWS monozygotic twins with discordant phenotypes, the high frequency of BWS among babies conceived by assisted reproductive technologies, and the female prevalence among BWS-MLID cases provide new insights into the timing of imprint establishment during embryo development. In this review, we provide an overview on the clinical and molecular diagnosis of single- and multi-locus BWS in pre- and post-natal settings, and a comprehensive analysis of the literature in order to define possible (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations in MLID patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Eßinger C, Karch S, Moog U, Fekete G, Lengyel A, Pinti E, Eggermann T, Begemann M. Frequency of KCNQ1 variants causing loss of methylation of Imprinting Centre 2 in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:63. [PMID: 32393365 PMCID: PMC7216698 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder caused by disturbances of the chromosomal region 11p15.5. The most frequent molecular finding in BWS is loss of methylation (LOM) of the Imprinting Centre 2 (IC2) region on the maternal allele, which is localised in intron 10 of the KCNQ1 gene. In rare cases, LOM of IC2 has been reported in families with KCNQ1 germline variants which additionally cause long-QT syndrome (LQTS). Thus, a functional link between disrupted KCNQ1 transcripts and altered IC2 methylation has been suggested, resulting in the co-occurrence of LQTS and BWS in case of maternal inheritance. Whereas these cases were identified by chance or in patients with abnormal electrocardiograms, a systematic screen for KCNQ1 variants in IC2 LOM carriers has not yet been performed. Results We analysed 52 BWS patients with IC2 LOM to determine the frequency of germline variants in KCNQ1 by MLPA and an amplicon-based next generation sequencing approach. We identified one patient with a splice site variant causing premature transcription termination of KCNQ1. Conclusions Our study strengthens the hypothesis that proper KCNQ1 transcription is required for the establishment of IC2 methylation, but that KCNQ1 variants cause IC2 LOM only in a small number of BWS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Eßinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Karch
- University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Moog
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - György Fekete
- II. Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Lengyel
- II. Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Pinti
- II. Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lekszas C, Nanda I, Vona B, Böck J, Ashrafzadeh F, Donyadideh N, Ebrahimzadeh F, Ahangari N, Maroofian R, Karimiani EG, Haaf T. Unbalanced segregation of a paternal t(9;11)(p24.3;p15.4) translocation causing familial Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:83. [PMID: 31174542 PMCID: PMC6555757 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vast majority of cases with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are caused by a molecular defect in the imprinted chromosome region 11p15.5. The underlying mechanisms include epimutations, uniparental disomy, copy number variations, and structural rearrangements. In addition, maternal loss-of-function mutations in CDKN1C are found. Despite growing knowledge on BWS pathogenesis, up to 20% of patients with BWS phenotype remain without molecular diagnosis. Case presentation Herein, we report an Iranian family with two females affected with BWS in different generations. Bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed hypermethylation of the H19/IGF2: intergenic differentially methylated region (IG DMR), also known as imprinting center 1 (IC1) and hypomethylation of the KCNQ1OT1: transcriptional start site (TSS) DMR (IC2). Array CGH demonstrated an 8 Mb duplication on chromosome 11p15.5p15.4 (205,827-8,150,933) and a 1 Mb deletion on chromosome 9p24.3 (209,020-1,288,114). Chromosome painting revealed that this duplication-deficiency in both patients is due to unbalanced segregation of a paternal reciprocal t(9;11)(p24.3;p15.4) translocation. Conclusions This is the first report of a paternally inherited unbalanced translocation between the chromosome 9 and 11 short arms underlying familial BWS. Copy number variations involving the 11p15.5 region are detected by the consensus diagnostic algorithm. However, in complex cases which do not only affect the BWS region itself, characterization of submicroscopic chromosome rearrangements can assist to estimate the recurrence risk and possible phenotypic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lekszas
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Indrajit Nanda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Böck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Donyadideh
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tulay P, Temel S, Ergoren M. Investigation of KCNQ1 polymorphisms as biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases in the Turkish Cypriots for establishing preventative medical measures. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:537-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
8
|
Beygo J, Bürger J, Strom TM, Kaya S, Buiting K. Disruption of KCNQ1 prevents methylation of the ICR2 and supports the hypothesis that its transcription is necessary for imprint establishment. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:903-908. [PMID: 30778172 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS; OMIM #130650) is an imprinting disorder caused by genetic or epigenetic alterations of one or both imprinting control regions on chromosome 11p15.5. Hypomethylation of the centromeric imprinting control region (KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR, ICR2) is the most common molecular cause of BWS and is present in about half of the cases. Based on a BWS family with a maternal deletion of the 5' part of KCNQ1 we have recently hypothesised that transcription of KCNQ1 is a prerequisite for the establishment of methylation at the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR in the oocyte. Further evidence for this hypothesis came from a mouse model where methylation failed to be established when a poly(A) truncation cassette was inserted into this locus to prevent transcription through the DMR. Here we report on a family where a balanced translocation disrupts the KCNQ1 gene in intron 9. Maternal inheritance of this translocation is associated with hypomethylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR and BWS. This finding strongly supports our previous hypothesis that transcription of KCNQ1 is required for establishing the maternal methylation imprint at the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Beygo
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaya
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Transcription alterations of KCNQ1 associated with imprinted methylation defects in the Beckwith-Wiedemann locus. Genet Med 2019; 21:1808-1820. [PMID: 30635621 PMCID: PMC6687501 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a developmental disorder caused by dysregulation of the imprinted gene cluster of chromosome 11p15.5 and often associated with loss of methylation (LOM) of the imprinting center 2 (IC2) located in KCNQ1 intron 10. To unravel the etiological mechanisms underlying these epimutations, we searched for genetic variants associated with IC2 LOM. Methods We looked for cases showing the clinical features of both BWS and long QT syndrome (LQTS), which is often associated with KCNQ1 variants. Pathogenic variants were identified by genomic analysis and targeted sequencing. Functional experiments were performed to link these pathogenic variants to the imprinting defect. Results We found three rare cases in which complete IC2 LOM is associated with maternal transmission of KCNQ1 variants, two of which were demonstrated to affect KCNQ1 transcription upstream of IC2. As a consequence of KCNQ1 haploinsufficiency, these variants also cause LQTS on both maternal and paternal transmission. Conclusion These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, similar to what has been demonstrated in mouse, lack of transcription across IC2 results in failure of methylation establishment in the female germline and BWS later in development, and also suggest a new link between LQTS and BWS that is important for genetic counseling.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang KH, Kupa J, Duffy KA, Kalish JM. Diagnosis and Management of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:562. [PMID: 32039119 PMCID: PMC6990127 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a human genomic imprinting disorder that presents with a wide spectrum of clinical features including overgrowth, abdominal wall defects, macroglossia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and predisposition to embryonal tumors. It is associated with genetic and epigenetic changes on the chromosome 11p15 region, which includes two imprinting control regions. Here we review strategies for diagnosing and managing BWS and delineate commonly used genetic tests to establish a molecular diagnosis of BWS. Recommended first-line testing assesses DNA methylation and copy number variation of the BWS region. Tissue mosaicism can occur in patients with BWS, posing a challenge for genetic testing, and a negative test result does not exclude a diagnosis of BWS. Further testing should analyze additional tissue samples or employ techniques with higher diagnostic yield. Identifying the BWS molecular subtype is valuable for coordinating patient care because of the (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations, including different risks and types of embryonal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Wang
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonida Kupa
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kelly A Duffy
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeates L, Ingles J, Gray B, Singarayar S, Sy RW, Semsarian C, Bagnall RD. A balanced translocation disrupting SCN5A in a family with Brugada syndrome and sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm 2018; 16:231-238. [PMID: 30170230 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a primary arrhythmia syndrome affecting 1 in 2000 of the general population. Genetic testing identifies pathogenic variants in the sodium voltage-gated channel α-subunit 5 gene (SCN5A) in up to 25% of familial BrS. Balanced translocations, which involve the exchange of the ends of 2 different chromosomes, are found in approximately 1 in 500 people. They usually are benign and only rarely are reported to cause arrhythmogenic disorders. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic mechanism underlying a family with BrS, sick sinus syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, sudden cardiac death, and multiple miscarriages. METHODS We clinically evaluated family members with an electrocardiogram, 2-dimensional echocardiogram, and provocation testing with ajmaline challenge. Cytogenetic testing included karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. We performed gene panel, exome, and genome sequencing analysis. RESULTS Sequencing of 128 cardiac genes and exome sequencing of a family with BrS, sick sinus syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, sudden cardiac death, and multiple miscarriages did not reveal a pathogenic variant. Karyotype and FISH analysis identified a balanced translocation breaking the SCN5A gene on chromosome 3 and the multiple chromosome maintenance 10 gene (MCM10) on chromosome 10 t(3;10)(p22.2;p13). We characterized both translocation breakpoint junctions using genome sequencing and found no regions of sequence homology. CONCLUSION A balanced translocation breaking SCN5A is a novel mechanism underlying disease in a family with BrS, sick sinus syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, and sudden cardiac death. Genome sequencing can identify rare chromosomal aberrations causing inherited diseases that may otherwise be missed using gene panel and exome sequencing-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Yeates
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda Gray
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suresh Singarayar
- Prince of Wales Hospital and Eastern Heart Clinic, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Raymond W Sy
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard D Bagnall
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brioude F, Kalish JM, Mussa A, Foster AC, Bliek J, Ferrero GB, Boonen SE, Cole T, Baker R, Bertoletti M, Cocchi G, Coze C, De Pellegrin M, Hussain K, Ibrahim A, Kilby MD, Krajewska-Walasek M, Kratz CP, Ladusans EJ, Lapunzina P, Le Bouc Y, Maas SM, Macdonald F, Õunap K, Peruzzi L, Rossignol S, Russo S, Shipster C, Skórka A, Tatton-Brown K, Tenorio J, Tortora C, Grønskov K, Netchine I, Hennekam RC, Prawitt D, Tümer Z, Eggermann T, Mackay DJG, Riccio A, Maher ER. Expert consensus document: Clinical and molecular diagnosis, screening and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: an international consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:229-249. [PMID: 29377879 PMCID: PMC6022848 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a human genomic imprinting disorder, is characterized by phenotypic variability that might include overgrowth, macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycaemia, lateralized overgrowth and predisposition to embryonal tumours. Delineation of the molecular defects within the imprinted 11p15.5 region can predict familial recurrence risks and the risk (and type) of embryonal tumour. Despite recent advances in knowledge, there is marked heterogeneity in clinical diagnostic criteria and care. As detailed in this Consensus Statement, an international consensus group agreed upon 72 recommendations for the clinical and molecular diagnosis and management of BWS, including comprehensive protocols for the molecular investigation, care and treatment of patients from the prenatal period to adulthood. The consensus recommendations apply to patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp), covering classical BWS without a molecular diagnosis and BWS-related phenotypes with an 11p15.5 molecular anomaly. Although the consensus group recommends a tumour surveillance programme targeted by molecular subgroups, surveillance might differ according to the local health-care system (for example, in the United States), and the results of targeted and universal surveillance should be evaluated prospectively. International collaboration, including a prospective audit of the results of implementing these consensus recommendations, is required to expand the evidence base for the design of optimum care pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris VI University (UPMC) Université Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 Avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sant'Anna Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Spezia 60, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alison C Foster
- Birmingham Health Partners, West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Battista Ferrero
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Susanne E Boonen
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Trevor Cole
- Birmingham Health Partners, West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Robert Baker
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Support Group UK, The Drum and Monkey, Wonston, Hazelbury Bryan, Sturminster Newton, Dorset DT10 2EE, UK
| | - Monica Bertoletti
- Italian Association of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (AIBWS) Piazza Turati, 3, 21029, Vergiate (VA), Italy
| | - Guido Cocchi
- Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna University, Paediatric Department, Neonatology Unit, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Carole Coze
- Aix-Marseille Univ et Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Service d'Hématologie-Oncologie Pédiatrique, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Maurizio De Pellegrin
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Unit IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Via Olgettina Milano, 60, 20132 Milano MI, Italy
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Al Gharrafa Street, Ar-Rayyan, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Ibrahim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Bristol National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | | | - Christian P Kratz
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Edmund J Ladusans
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, M13 8WL UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM Paseo de La Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Sorbonne Université, Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris VI University (UPMC) Université Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 Avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona Macdonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TG UK
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 2, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN), Inherited Kidney Disorders Working Group
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112 Avenue Molière 67098 STRASBOURG Cedex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Silvia Russo
- Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano, Milan, Italy
| | - Caroleen Shipster
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Agata Skórka
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katrina Tatton-Brown
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service and St George's University of London and Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Jair Tenorio
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM Paseo de La Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Tortora
- Regional Center for CLP, Smile House, San Paolo University Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris VI University (UPMC) Université Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), APHP Hôpital Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 Avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam-Zuidoost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University of Aachen, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta and Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111,80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh VB, Sribenja S, Wilson KE, Attwood KM, Hillman JC, Pathak S, Higgins MJ. Blocked transcription through KvDMR1 results in absence of methylation and gene silencing resembling Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Development 2017; 144:1820-1830. [PMID: 28428215 PMCID: PMC5450836 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The maternally methylated KvDMR1 ICR regulates imprinted expression of a cluster of maternally expressed genes on human chromosome 11p15.5. Disruption of imprinting leads to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), an overgrowth and cancer predisposition condition. In the majority of individuals with BWS, maternal-specific methylation at KvDMR1 is absent and genes under its control are repressed. We analyzed a mouse model carrying a poly(A) truncation cassette inserted to prevent RNA transcripts from elongation through KvDMR1. Maternal inheritance of this mutation resulted in absence of DNA methylation at KvDMR1, which led to biallelic expression of Kcnq1ot1 and suppression of maternally expressed genes. This study provides further evidence that transcription is required for establishment of methylation at maternal gametic DMRs. More importantly, this mouse model recapitulates the molecular phenotypic characteristics of the most common form of BWS, including loss of methylation at KvDMR1 and biallelic repression of Cdkn1c, suggesting that deficiency of maternal transcription through KvDMR1 may be an underlying cause of some BWS cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vir B Singh
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sirinapa Sribenja
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kayla E Wilson
- Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher M Attwood
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joanna C Hillman
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Shilpa Pathak
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Michael J Higgins
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eggermann K, Bliek J, Brioude F, Algar E, Buiting K, Russo S, Tümer Z, Monk D, Moore G, Antoniadi T, Macdonald F, Netchine I, Lombardi P, Soellner L, Begemann M, Prawitt D, Maher ER, Mannens M, Riccio A, Weksberg R, Lapunzina P, Grønskov K, Mackay DJG, Eggermann T. EMQN best practice guidelines for the molecular genetic testing and reporting of chromosome 11p15 imprinting disorders: Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1377-87. [PMID: 27165005 PMCID: PMC5027690 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic testing for the 11p15-associated imprinting disorders Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (SRS, BWS) is challenging because of the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of the affected imprinted regions. With the growing knowledge on the molecular basis of these disorders and the demand for molecular testing, it turned out that there is an urgent need for a standardized molecular diagnostic testing and reporting strategy. Based on the results from the first external pilot quality assessment schemes organized by the European Molecular Quality Network (EMQN) in 2014 and in context with activities of the European Network of Imprinting Disorders (EUCID.net) towards a consensus in diagnostics and management of SRS and BWS, best practice guidelines have now been developed. Members of institutions working in the field of SRS and BWS diagnostics were invited to comment, and in the light of their feedback amendments were made. The final document was ratified in the course of an EMQN best practice guideline meeting and is in accordance with the general SRS and BWS consensus guidelines, which are in preparation. These guidelines are based on the knowledge acquired from peer-reviewed and published data, as well as observations of the authors in their practice. However, these guidelines can only provide a snapshot of current knowledge at the time of manuscript submission and readers are advised to keep up with the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Algar
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Monash Health and Hudson Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gudrun Moore
- Fetal Growth and Developmental Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL-ICH, London, UK
| | - Thalia Antoniadi
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiona Macdonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics – ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Deborah JG Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Russo S, Calzari L, Mussa A, Mainini E, Cassina M, Di Candia S, Clementi M, Guzzetti S, Tabano S, Miozzo M, Sirchia S, Finelli P, Prontera P, Maitz S, Sorge G, Calcagno A, Maghnie M, Divizia MT, Melis D, Manfredini E, Ferrero GB, Pecile V, Larizza L. A multi-method approach to the molecular diagnosis of overt and borderline 11p15.5 defects underlying Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:23. [PMID: 26933465 PMCID: PMC4772365 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple (epi)genetic defects affecting the expression of the imprinted genes within the 11p15.5 chromosomal region underlie Silver-Russell (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann (BWS) syndromes. The molecular diagnosis of these opposite growth disorders requires a multi-approach flowchart to disclose known primary and secondary (epi)genetic alterations; however, up to 20 and 30 % of clinically diagnosed BWS and SRS cases remain without molecular diagnosis. The complex structure of the 11p15 region with variable CpG methylation and low-rate mosaicism may account for missed diagnoses. Here, we demonstrate the relevance of complementary techniques for the assessment of different CpGs and the importance of testing multiple tissues to increase the SRS and BWS detection rate. RESULTS Molecular testing of 147 and 450 clinically diagnosed SRS and BWS cases provided diagnosis in 34 SRS and 185 BWS patients, with 9 SRS and 21 BWS cases remaining undiagnosed and herein referred to as "borderline." A flowchart including complementary techniques and, when applicable, the analysis of buccal swabs, allowed confirmation of the molecular diagnosis in all borderline cases. Comparison of methylation levels by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) in borderline and control cases defined an interval of H19/IGF2:IG-DMR loss of methylation that was distinct between "easy to diagnose" and "borderline" cases, which were characterized by values ≤mean -3 standard deviations (SDs) compared to controls. Values ≥mean +1 SD at H19/IGF2: IG-DMR were assigned to borderline hypermethylated BWS cases and those ≤mean -2 SD at KCNQ1OT1: TSS-DMR to hypomethylated BWS cases; these were supported by quantitative pyrosequencing or Southern blot analysis. Six BWS cases suspected to carry mosaic paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 were confirmed by SNP array, which detected mosaicism till 10 %. Regarding the clinical presentation, borderline SRS were representative of the syndromic phenotype, with exception of one patient, whereas BWS cases showed low frequency of the most common features except hemihyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS A conclusive molecular diagnosis was reached in borderline methylation cases, increasing the detection rate by 6 % for SRS and 5 % for BWS cases. The introduction of complementary techniques and additional tissue analyses into routine diagnostic work-up should facilitate the identification of cases undiagnosed because of mosaicism, a distinctive feature of epigenetic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Russo
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Ester Mainini
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Candia
- Department of Pediatrics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Division of Pathology - Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Division of Pathology - Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Sirchia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Hospital "S. M. della Misericordia", Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorge
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Sciences, AO "Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Calcagno
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS, Children's Hospital Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS, Children's Hospital Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Divizia
- Department of Medical Genetics, IRCCS, Children's Hospital Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuela Manfredini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Vanna Pecile
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Foundation IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Institute, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mussa A, Russo S, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. (Epi)genotype-phenotype correlations in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a paradigm for genomic medicine. Clin Genet 2015; 89:403-415. [PMID: 26138266 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the commonest overgrowth cancer predisposition disorder and represents a model for human imprinting dysregulation and tumorigenesis. BWS features can variably combine and present a widely variable range of severity in the phenotypic expression. This wide spectrum is paralleled at molecular level by complex (epi)genetic defects on chromosome 11p15.5 leading to disrupted expression of imprinted genes controlling growth and cellular proliferation. In this review, we outline the spectrum of clinical manifestations of BWS analyzing their (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations. The differences observed in the phenotypic profiles of BWS molecular subtypes allow a composite view of this syndrome with implications on clinical care, diagnosis, follow-up, and management, and provide directions for future disease monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mussa
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sung JY, Bae EJ, Park S, Kim SY, Hyun YJ, Park SS, Seong MW. Large deletion in KCNQ1 identified in a family with Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. Ann Lab Med 2014; 34:395-8. [PMID: 25187895 PMCID: PMC4151011 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2014.34.5.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder associated with sequence variations in more than 10 genes; in some cases, it is caused by large deletions or duplications among the main, known LQTS-associated genes. Here, we describe a 14-month-old Korean boy with congenital hearing loss and prolonged QT interval whose condition was clinically diagnosed as Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS), a recessive form of LQTS. Genetic analyses using sequence analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay revealed a large deletion spanning exons 7-10 as well as a frameshift mutation (c.1893dup; p.Arg632Glnfs*20). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a large deletion in KCNQ1 identified in JLNS patients. This case indicates that a method such as MLPA, which can identify large deletions or duplications needs to be considered in addition to sequence analysis to diagnose JLNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Hyun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Epigenetic and genetic alterations of the imprinting disorder Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and related disorders. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:402-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|