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Shah R, Khidri FF, Waryah YM, Nigar R, Mahmood A, Shaikh H, Awan MQ, Ujjan ID, Waryah AM. Serum and salivary Cu/Zn ratio as a diagnostic biomarker for oral submucosal fibrosis: an analysis of trace metals and LOX gene variants. Biometals 2024; 37:447-459. [PMID: 38085405 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the serum and salivary levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and the Cu/Zn ratio and investigate the association between LOX gene variants (rs18800449 and rs2288393) and oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF). A total of 250 subjects were included in the study: OSMF patients (n = 50), areca nut chewers without OSMF (n = 100) and controls (n = 100). Trace metals were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while LOX gene variants were genotyped using the tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system (tetra ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results showed significant variations in serum and salivary Cu, Zn, Fe and Cr levels and serum Mn concentrations among the three groups (p < 0.0001). Serum Cu levels were significantly higher in OSMF patients, while serum Zn levels were significantly lower. Both serum and salivary Cu/Zn ratios demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) and diagnostic potential to differentiate OSMF from chewers and controls. However, LOX gene variants did not show an association between OSMF and chewers, except for rs1800449 genotypes, which showed a significant and increased risk with the AA genotype in OSMF patients compared to controls (OR = 7.58; 95%CI 2.30-24.97). The study suggests that trace elements and genetic variants may impact the etiology of OSMF. The findings may aid in early diagnosis, suitable treatment, and as a prognostic indicator for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Amber Mahmood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hina Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Awan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
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Begolli G, Marković I, Knežević J, Debeljak Ž. Carbohydrate sulfotransferases: a review of emerging diagnostic and prognostic applications. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2023; 33:030503. [PMID: 37545696 PMCID: PMC10373059 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2023.030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate sulfotransferases (CHST) catalyse the biosynthesis of proteoglycans that enable physical interactions and signalling between different neighbouring cells in physiological and pathological states. The study aim was to provide an overview of emerging diagnostic and prognostic applications of CHST. PubMed database search was conducted using the keywords "carbohydrate sulfotransferase" together with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, whereby 41 publications were selected. Additionally, 40 records on CHST genetic and biochemical properties were hand-picked from UniProt, GeneCards, InterPro, and neXtProt databases. Carbohydrate sulfotransferases have been applied mainly in diagnostics of connective tissue disorders, cancer and inflammations. The lack of CHST activity was found in congenital connective tissue disorders while CHST overexpression was detected in different malignancies. Mutations of CHST3 gene cause skeletal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia, and autosomal recessive multiple joint dislocations while increased tissue expression of CHST11, CHST12 and CHST15 is an unfavourable prognostic factor in ovarian cancer, glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Recently, CHST11 and CHST15 overexpression in the vascular smooth muscle cells was linked to the severe lung pathology in COVID-19 patients. Promising CHST diagnostic and prognostic applications have been described but larger clinical studies and robust analytical procedures are required for the more reliable diagnostic performance estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gramos Begolli
- Clinic of medical biochemistry, University clinical center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ivana Marković
- Clinical institute of laboratory diagnostics, University hospital centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Laboratory for advanced genomics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty for dental medicine and health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Clinical institute of laboratory diagnostics, University hospital centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Otaify GA, Elhossini RM, Abdel-Ghafar SF, Sayed IM, Abdel-Salam GMH, Aglan MS, Abdel-Hamid MS. CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia in 14 patients: Identification of 8 novel variants and further expansion of the phenotypic spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2100-2112. [PMID: 37183573 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic variants in CHST3 gene result in congenital dislocation of large joints, club feet, short stature, rhizomelia, kypho-scoliosis, platyspondyly, epiphyseal dysplasia, flared metaphysis, in addition to minor cardiac lesions and hearing loss. Herein, we describe 14 new patients from 11 unrelated Egyptian families with CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia. All patients had spondyloepiphyseal changes that were progressive with age in addition to bifid distal ends of humeri which can be considered a diagnostic key in patients with CHST3 variants. They also shared peculiar facies with broad forehead, broad nasal tip, long philtrum and short neck. Rare unusual associated findings included microdontia, teeth spacing, delayed eruption, prominent angulation of the lumbar-sacral junction and atrial septal defect. Mutational analysis revealed 10 different homozygous CHST3 (NM_004273.5) variants including 7 missense, two frameshift and one nonsense variant. Of them, the c.384_391dup (p.Pro131Argfs*88) was recurrent in two families. Eight of these variants were not described before. Our study presents the largest series of patients with CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia from the same ethnic group. Furthermore, it reinforces that lethal cardiac involvement is a critical clinical finding of the disorder. Therefore, we believe that our study expands the phenotypic and mutational spectrum, and also highlights the importance of performing echocardiography in patients harboring CHST3 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Otaify
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Elhossini
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Abdel-Ghafar
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas M Sayed
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Aglan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Memon A, Khidri FF, Waryah YM, Nigar R, Bhinder MA, Shaikh AM, Shaikh H, Waryah AM. Association of MSX1 Gene Variants with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Pakistani Population. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023:10556656231185218. [PMID: 37431261 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231185218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association of MSX1 gene variants rs3821949 and rs12532 with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in the Pakistani population. DESIGN Comparative cross-sectional study.Setting: Multicenter of CL/P malformation.Patients/Participants: Unrelated Non-Syndromic cleft Lip/Palate patients and healthy controls were enrolled. METHODS One hundred (n = 100) subjects with NSCL/P and n = 50 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in a multicenter comparative cross-sectional study. A tetra amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to analyze MSXI gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs). RESULTS Among 100 NSCL/P subjects, the majority were males (56%; male: female = 1.27: 1). Most of the cases (74%) had cleft lip and palate (CLP) compared to isolated clefts. Genotyping of MSX1 gene variant rs3821949 showed an increased risk for NSCL/P in various genetic models (P < 0.0001), and the A allele exhibited a more than 4-fold increased risk among cases (OR = 4.22: 95% CI = 2.16-8.22; P < 0.0001). Our investigation found no significant difference between the rs12532 variation and NSCL/P. CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest that MSX1 gene variants may increase predisposition to NSCL/P in the Pakistani population. Further studies comprising large samples are required to identify the genetic aetiology of NSCL/P among our people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Memon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Department of Biochemistry, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hina Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Liang H, Qi W, Jin C, Pang Q, Cui L, Jiang Y, Wang O, Li M, Xing X, Liu W, Xia W. A Chinese case of CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia and a systematic review. Endocrine 2023; 80:658-668. [PMID: 36729370 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We reported a case with carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and made a systematic review of all previously reported cases. METHODS A 14.8-year-old boy underwent clinical, radiological, and genetic evaluations. The patients and five age-matched healthy boys accepted high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography evaluation. All CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia cases from PubMed and Embase were collected and summarized. The genotype-phenotype correlation was analyzed. RESULTS The proband complained of aggravated joint pain and had a compression fracture of L2 during his second decade. Physical examination showed a height Z score of -4.94, short limbs, and restricted movement of the elbows and knees. X-rays showed carpal epiphyseal dysplasia, enlargement of elbow and knee joints, and subluxation of the left hip. Echocardiography showed abnormal cardiac valves. Compared with the norm, his total and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), and the microarchitecture of the trabecular bone had trends to be worse at the distal radius and tibia. Two novel missense variants of c.1343T>G and c.761C>G in CHST3 were inherited from his father and mother, respectively. In the systematic review, short stature, limited joint extension, joint pain, and joint dislocation were the most common characteristics of this disorder. Height Z score and the proportion of hearing impairment had no significant differences between the missense and nonmissense mutations groups. CONCLUSION Progressive joint pain and movement restriction are the main characteristics of CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia. BMD and bone microarchitecture of this disorder needs further exploration. There is no apparent genotype-phenotype correlation in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanting Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Rivera-Vargas J, Superti-Furga A, Bonafé L, Peña-Padilla C, Cortés-Pastrana RC, Bobadilla-Morales L, Corona-Rivera A, Corona-Rivera JR. Intrafamilial variability and neurological manifestations in two siblings with carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3-related skeletal dysplasia. Clin Dysmorphol 2023; 32:14-17. [PMID: 36503918 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jehú Rivera-Vargas
- Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, 'Dr. Juan I. Menchaca' Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Bonafé
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Peña-Padilla
- Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, 'Dr. Juan I. Menchaca' Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | | | - Lucina Bobadilla-Morales
- Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera Institute of Human Genetics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Corona-Rivera
- Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera Institute of Human Genetics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge Román Corona-Rivera
- Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, 'Dr. Juan I. Menchaca' Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera Institute of Human Genetics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Kausar M, Ain NU, Hayat F, Fatima H, Azim S, Ullah H, Mushtaq M, Khalid S, Hussain S, Naz S, Janjua J, Amjad SB, Baig RM, Makitie O, Qamar R, Ikegawa S, Gen N, Khor CC, Foo JN, Siddiqi S. Biallelic variants in CHST3 cause Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with joint dislocations in three Pakistani kindreds. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:818. [PMID: 36042462 PMCID: PMC9426025 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal dysplasia is a heterogeneous group of disorders. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias comprise one subgroup. Deficiency of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 has been reported in a small number of patients with recessively inherited spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with joint dislocation, short stature and scoliosis. We report here molecular and clinical findings of affected individuals in three consanguineous Pakistani families. Affected individuals in all three families had a uniform phenotype including severe short stature, multiple dislocated joints, progressive scoliosis and facial dysmorphism. Methods Clinical evaluation was done for three unrelated families. Radiological survey of bones was completed for patients from two of the families. Whole exome sequencing index patients from each family was performed followed by Sanger sequencing for validation of segregation of identified variants in respective families. In-silico analysis for determining pathogenicity of identified variants and conservation was done. Results Whole-exome sequencing revealed biallelic variants c.590 T > C;p.(Leu197Pro), c.603C > A;p.(Tyr201Ter) and c.661C > T;p.(Arg221Cys) in CHST3 (NM_004273.5) in the three families with eight, five and two affected individuals, respectively. Contrary to previous reports, affected individuals in none of the families exhibited a hearing loss. Conclusion We describe genotypic and phenotypic findings of three unrelated families with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Our study confirms phenotypic variability and adds to the genotypic spectrum of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05719-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Kausar
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IB&GE), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biological Sciences/MLT, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IB&GE), Islamabad, Pakistan.,School of Biological Sciences, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hunain Fatima
- PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saad Azim
- KRL General Hospital, Neurology Department, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Ullah
- National Institute of Handicapped, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Murva Mushtaq
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IB&GE), Islamabad, Pakistan.,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Khalid
- International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IB&GE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Saad Bin Amjad
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IB&GE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Outi Makitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45600, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nishimura Gen
- Center for Intractable Disease Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Siddiqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IB&GE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans, which are distributed at the cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. Proteoglycans and GAGs have been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of physiological functions such as construction of the extracellular matrix, tissue development, and cell signaling through interactions with extracellular matrix components, morphogens, cytokines, and growth factors. Not only connective tissue disorders including skeletal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia, multiple exostoses, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but also heart and kidney defects, immune deficiencies, and neurological abnormalities have been shown to be caused by defects in GAGs as well as core proteins of proteoglycans. These findings indicate that GAGs and proteoglycans are essential for human development in major organs. The glycobiological aspects of congenital disorders caused by defects in GAG-biosynthetic enzymes including specific glysocyltransferases, epimerases, and sulfotransferases, in addition to core proteins of proteoglycans will be comprehensively discussed based on the literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Dubail J, Cormier-Daire V. Chondrodysplasias With Multiple Dislocations Caused by Defects in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:642097. [PMID: 34220933 PMCID: PMC8242584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations form a group of severe disorders characterized by joint laxity and multiple dislocations, severe short stature of pre- and post-natal onset, hand anomalies, and/or vertebral anomalies. The majority of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations have been associated with mutations in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and transporters implicated in the synthesis or sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, long and unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeated disaccharide bond to protein core of proteoglycan. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis is a tightly regulated process that occurs mainly in the Golgi and that requires the coordinated action of numerous enzymes and transporters as well as an adequate Golgi environment. Any disturbances of this chain of reactions will lead to the incapacity of a cell to construct correct glycanic chains. This review focuses on genetic and glycobiological studies of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations associated with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis defects and related animal models. Strong comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to those disorders, mostly through extensive phenotypic analyses of in vitro and/or in vivo models, is essential for the development of novel biomarkers for clinical screenings and innovative therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Pour Les Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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10
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Gowans LJJ, Al Dhaheri N, Li M, Busch T, Obiri-Yeboah S, Oti AA, Sabbah DK, Arthur FKN, Awotoye WO, Alade AA, Twumasi P, Agbenorku P, Plange-Rhule G, Naicker T, Donkor P, Murray JC, Sobreira NLM, Butali A. Co-occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub-Saharan African cohort: Whole-exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1655. [PMID: 33719213 PMCID: PMC8123728 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital malformations of the face and palate, with an incidence of 1 per 700 live births. Clubfoot or congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a three‐dimensional abnormality of the leg, ankle, and feet that leads to the anomalous positioning of foot and ankle joints and has an incidence of 1 per 1000 live births. OFCs and CTEV may occur together or separately in certain genetic syndromes in addition to other congenital abnormalities. Here, we sought to decipher the genetic etiology of OFC and CTEV that occurred together in six probands. Methods At the time of recruitment, the most clinically obvious congenital anomalies in these individuals were the OFC and CTEV. We carried out whole‐exome sequencing (WES) on DNA samples from probands and available parents employing the Agilent SureSelect XT kit and Illumina HiSeq2500 platform, followed by bioinformatics analyses. WES variants were validated by clinical Sanger Sequencing. Results Of the six probands, we observed probable pathogenic genetic variants in four. In three probands with probable pathogenic genetic variants, each individual had variants in three different genes, whereas one proband had probable pathogenic variant in just one gene. In one proband, we observed variants in DIS3L2, a gene associated with Perlman syndrome. A second proband had variants in EPG5 (associated with Vici Syndrome), BARX1 and MKI67, while another proband had potentially etiologic variants in FRAS1 (associated with Fraser Syndrome 1), TCOF1 (associated with Treacher Collins Syndrome 1) and MKI67. The last proband had variants in FRAS1, PRDM16 (associated with Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1LL/Left ventricular noncompaction 8) and CHD7 (associated with CHARGE syndrome/Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 5 with or without anosmia). Conclusion Our results suggest that clubfoot and OFCs are two congenital abnormalities that can co‐occur in certain individuals with varying genetic causes and expressivity, warranting the need for deep phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lord J J Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Noura Al Dhaheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tamara Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Solomon Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander A Oti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel K Sabbah
- Department of Orthodontics and Child Oral Health, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fareed K N Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Waheed O Awotoye
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Azeez A Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Twumasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pius Agbenorku
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gyikua Plange-Rhule
- Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Thirona Naicker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Peter Donkor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nara L M Sobreira
- Department of Medical Genetics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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11
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Abstract
The chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations, CHST3 type, which was distinguished by predominantly contractures, marked vertebral changes, and normal facial appearance. Although, some clinical clues can be used for differential diagnosis, it is mostly too difficult to discriminate one type from another on basis of clinical findings only. Eight patients with multiple dislocations from five unrelated families were included in this study to elucidate molecular diagnoses. Clinical exome sequencing (CES) was performed on one patient from each family. Variable degree vertebral changes, pes equinovarus, and kyphoscoliosis accompanied multiple dislocations and short stature. In CES analyses, all mutations showed in CHST3. Previously reported c.776T>C homozygous mutations were detected in two families, compound heterozygous novel c.740G>C and c.881T>C mutations were found in one family, and homozygous novel c.564C>A and c.963G>A mutations were also determined in remaining two families, separately. Biallelic CHST3 c.776T>C mutations are most frequent mutation in CHST3 and have been reported predominantly in Turkish patients which may be remarkable for genotype-ethnicity correlation in chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations, CHST3 type. It is suggested that c.776T>C mutation can be accepted as a recurrent mutation in CHST3 for Turkish patients who are suspected of having chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations, CHST3 type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bugrahan Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul
| | - Ali Topak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Health Sciences University Bursa Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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12
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Ocampo Daza D, Haitina T. Reconstruction of the Carbohydrate 6-O Sulfotransferase Gene Family Evolution in Vertebrates Reveals Novel Member, CHST16, Lost in Amniotes. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:993-1012. [PMID: 32652010 PMCID: PMC7353957 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are sulfated polysaccharide molecules, essential for many biological processes. The 6-O sulfation of glycosaminoglycans is carried out by carbohydrate 6-O sulfotransferases (C6OSTs), previously named Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc 6-O sulfotransferases. Here, for the first time, we present a detailed phylogenetic reconstruction, analysis of gene synteny conservation and propose an evolutionary scenario for the C6OST family in major vertebrate groups, including mammals, birds, nonavian reptiles, amphibians, lobe-finned fishes, ray-finned fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and jawless vertebrates. The C6OST gene expansion likely started early in the chordate lineage, giving rise to four ancestral genes after the divergence of tunicates and before the emergence of extant vertebrates. The two rounds of whole-genome duplication in early vertebrate evolution (1R/2R) only contributed two additional C6OST subtype genes, increasing the vertebrate repertoire from four genes to six, divided into two branches. The first branch includes CHST1 and CHST3 as well as a previously unrecognized subtype, CHST16 that was lost in amniotes. The second branch includes CHST2, CHST7, and CHST5. Subsequently, local duplications of CHST5 gave rise to CHST4 in the ancestor of tetrapods, and to CHST6 in the ancestor of primates. The teleost-specific gene duplicates were identified for CHST1, CHST2, and CHST3 and are result of whole-genome duplication (3R) in the teleost lineage. We could also detect multiple, more recent lineage-specific duplicates. Thus, the vertebrate repertoire of C6OST genes has been shaped by gene duplications and gene losses at several stages of vertebrate evolution, with implications for the evolution of skeleton, nervous system, and cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ocampo Daza
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced
| | - Tatjana Haitina
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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13
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Albuz B, Çetin GO, Özhan B, Sarikepe B, Anlaş Ö, Öztürk M, Zeybek S, Sabir N, Bağci G, Semerci Gündüz CN. A novel nonsense mutation in CHST3 in a Turkish patient with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Omani type. Clin Dysmorphol 2020; 29:61-64. [PMID: 31567425 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Albuz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Pamukkale University
| | - Gökhan Ozan Çetin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Pamukkale University
| | - Bayram Özhan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Pamukkale University
| | - Bilge Sarikepe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Pamukkale University
| | - Özlem Anlaş
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Pamukkale University
| | - Menekşe Öztürk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Pamukkale University
| | - Selcan Zeybek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Pamukkale University
| | - Nuran Sabir
- Department of Radiology, Medical School of Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gülseren Bağci
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Pamukkale University
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14
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Khidri FF, Waryah YM, Ali FK, Shaikh H, Ujjan ID, Waryah AM. MTHFR and F5 genetic variations have association with preeclampsia in Pakistani patients: a case control study. BMC Med Genet 2019; 20:163. [PMID: 31646966 PMCID: PMC6813118 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the role of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of genes related to preeclampsia in Pakistani pregnant women. METHODS After ethical approval and getting informed consent; 250 pregnant women were enrolled and equally divided into two groups (125 preeclamptic cases and 125 normotensive pregnant women). Demographic details and medical history were recorded, and 10 ml blood sample was obtained for DNA extraction. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) assays were developed for assessing the variants of three preeclampsia related genes; F5, MTHFR and VEGFA. An association of six SNVs; F5:c.1601G > A (rs6025), F5:c.6665A > G (rs6027), MTHFR: c.665C > T (rs1801133), MTHFR: c.1286A > C (rs1801131), VEGFA: c.-2055A > C (rs699947) and VEGFA: c.*237C > T (rs3025039) with preeclampsia was determined by using different genetic models. RESULTS Genotyping of the SNVs revealed that patients with MTHFR:c.665C > T, have increased susceptibility to preeclampsia (CT versus CC/TT: OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.18-6.59; P* = 0.046 and CT/TT vs CC: OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.29-6.57; P* = 0.0497, in overdominant and dominant models, respectively), whereas F5:c.6665A > G, (A/G vs AA/GG: OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21-0.84; P* = 0.038 in overdominant model) and MTHFR:c.1286A > C, (CC versus AA: OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.18-0.72; P* = 0.0392 in codominant model) have significantly decreased risk for preeclampsia. F5:c.1601G > A, VEGFA: c.-2055A > C and VEGFA: c.*237C > T variants revealed no relationship with the disease. CONCLUSION This is the first case control study describing the protective role of F5:c.6665A > G against preeclampsia in any world population. In addition, the present study confirmed the association and role of MTHFR gene variations in the development of preeclampsia in Pakistani patients. Further genetic studies may be required to better understand the complex genetic mechanism of SNVs in preeclampsia related genes in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazir Abad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Kamran Ali
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hina Shaikh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan. .,Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital clubfoot is a serious birth defect that affects nearly 0.1% of all births. Though there is strong evidence for a genetic basis of isolated clubfoot, aside from a handful of associations, much of the heritability remains unexplained. METHODS By systematically examining the genes involved in syndromic clubfoot, we may find new candidate genes and pathways to investigate in isolated clubfoot. RESULTS In addition to the expected enrichment of extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling genes, we find many genes involved in syndromic clubfoot encode peroxisomal matrix proteins, as well as enzymes necessary for sulfation of proteoglycans, an important part of connective tissue. Further, the association of Filamin B with isolated clubfoot as well as syndromic clubfoot is an encouraging finding. CONCLUSION We should examine these categories for enrichment in isolated clubfoot patients to increase our understanding of the underlying biology and pathophysiology of this deformity. Understanding the spectrum of syndromes that have clubfoot as a feature enables a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder and directs future genetic screening efforts toward certain genes and genetic pathways. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Sadler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - C. A. Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - M. B. Dobbs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA,Correspondence should be sent to Matthew B. Dobbs, MD, 1 Children’s Place, Suite 4S-60, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. E-mail:
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16
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Umair M, Ahamd F, Bilal M, Asiri A, Younus M, Khan A. A Comprehensive review of genetic skeletal disorders reported from Pakistan: A brief commentary. Meta Gene 2019; 20:100559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Wang L, Guo X, Yi J, Qu C, Lei J, Guo Q, Han J. The effects of long-term low selenium diet on the expression of CHST-3, CHST-12 and UST in knee cartilage of growing rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:123-129. [PMID: 30262269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of low selenium diet on rat´s knee cartilage and expression of chondroitin sulfate (CS) sulfated enzymes in articular and epiphyseal-plate cartilage of rats' femur and tibia. METHODS Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into two groups with six female and six male in each group: control group (selenium 0.18 mg/kg), and low selenium group (selenium 0.02 mg/kg). After 109 days, the rats were sacrificed. The ultrastructural changes in chondrocytes of rat knee cartilage were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology and pathology changes of knee cartilage were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and toluidine blue (TB) staining. The localization and expression of enzymes involved in CS sulfation, including chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (CHST-3), chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase 2 (CHST-12) and uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (UST) were examined by immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative analysis. RESULTS In low selenium group, ultrastructural changes of chondrocytes were observed in articular cartilage of femur (AF), articular cartilage of tibia (AT), epiphyseal-plate cartilage of femur (EF) and epiphyseal-plate cartilage of tibia (ET); however, no significant changes in chondrocytes number were observed in the above AF, AT, EF or ET. Moreover, reduced thickness of cartilage layer in AF, EF and ET was detected along with reduced staining areas of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in EF and ET in low selenium group. In addition, positive staining rate of CHST-3 was lower in AF, AT and EF, while positive staining rates of CHST-12 and UST were lower in AF, AT, EF and ET in low selenium group when compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS Low selenium undermines the ultrastructure of chondrocytes, inhibits the normal development of cartilage and the expression of CS sulfated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Wang
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xiong Guo
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Yi
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden.
| | - Jian Lei
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Qingquan Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jing Han
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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18
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Mizumoto S. Defects in Biosynthesis of Glycosaminoglycans Cause Hereditary Bone, Skin, Heart, Immune, and Neurological Disorders. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1812.2j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
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19
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Langford R, Hurrion E, Dawson PA. Genetics and pathophysiology of mammalian sulfate biology. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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