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Liu C, Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Hita Garcia F, Darwell C, Booher D, Kubota Y, Mikheyev AS, Economo EP. Colonize, radiate, decline: Unraveling the dynamics of island community assembly with Fijian trap-jaw ants. Evolution 2020; 74:1082-1097. [PMID: 32342495 PMCID: PMC7384189 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of island community assembly has been fertile ground for developing and testing theoretical ideas in ecology and evolution. The ecoevolutionary trajectory of lineages after colonization has been a particular interest, as this is a key component of understanding community assembly. In this system, existing ideas, such as the taxon cycle, posit that lineages pass through a regular sequence of ecoevolutionary changes after colonization, with lineages shifting toward reduced dispersal ability, increased ecological specialization, and declines in abundance. However, these predictions have historically been difficult to test. Here, we integrate phylogenomics, population genomics, and X-ray microtomography/3D morphometrics, to test hypotheses for whether the ecomorphological diversity of trap-jaw ants (Strumigenys) in the Fijian archipelago is assembled primarily through colonization or postcolonization radiation, and whether species show ecological shifts toward niche specialization, toward upland habitats, and decline in abundance after colonization. We infer that most Fijian endemic Strumigenys evolved in situ from a single colonization and have diversified to fill a large fraction of global morphospace occupied by the genus. Within this adaptive radiation, lineages trend to different degrees toward high elevation, reduced dispersal ability, and demographic decline, and we find no evidence of repeated colonization that displaces the initial radiation. Overall these results are only partially consistent with taxon cycle and associated ideas, while highlighting the potential role of priority effects in assembling island communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Eli M. Sarnat
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Antwork Consulting LLCDavisCalifornia95616
| | - Nicholas R. Friedman
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Francisco Hita Garcia
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Clive Darwell
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Douglas Booher
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinois60605
- Department of entomologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois61801
- Georgia Museum of Natural HistoryAthensGeorgia30602
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaOkinawaJapan
| | - Alexander S. Mikheyev
- Ecology and Evolution UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Evolutionary Genomics Research GroupAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
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2
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Adams RMM, Wells RL, Yanoviak SP, Frost CJ, Fox EGP. Interspecific Eavesdropping on Ant Chemical Communication. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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3
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Darwell CT, Fischer G, Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Liu C, Baiao G, Mikheyev AS, Economo EP. Genomic and phenomic analysis of island ant community assembly. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1611-1627. [PMID: 31820838 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Island biodiversity has long fascinated biologists as it typically presents tractable systems for unpicking the eco-evolutionary processes driving community assembly. In general, two recurring themes are of central theoretical interest. First, immigration, diversification, and extinction typically depend on island geographical properties (e.g., area, isolation, and age). Second, predictable ecological and evolutionary trajectories readily occur after colonization, such as the evolution of adaptive trait syndromes, trends toward specialization, adaptive radiation, and eventual ecological decline. Hypotheses such as the taxon cycle draw on several of these themes to posit particular constraints on colonization and subsequent eco-evolutionary dynamics. However, it has been challenging to examine these integrated dynamics with traditional methods. Here, we combine phylogenomics, population genomics and phenomics, to unravel community assembly dynamics among Pheidole (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) ants in the isolated Fijian archipelago. We uphold basic island biogeographic predictions that isolated islands accumulate diversity primarily through in situ evolution rather than dispersal, and population genomic support for taxon cycle predictions that endemic species have decreased dispersal ability and demography relative to regionally widespread taxa. However, rather than trending toward island syndromes, ecomorphological diversification in Fiji was intense, filling much of the genus-level global morphospace. Furthermore, while most endemic species exhibit demographic decline and reduced dispersal, we show that the archipelago is not an evolutionary dead-end. Rather, several endemic species show signatures of population and range expansion, including a successful colonization to the Cook islands. These results shed light on the processes shaping island biotas and refine our understanding of island biogeographic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive T Darwell
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Georg Fischer
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eli M Sarnat
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nicholas R Friedman
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cong Liu
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Guilherme Baiao
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Alexander S Mikheyev
- Ecology and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Research School of Biology, Evolutionary Genomics Research Group, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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4
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Matos-Maraví P, Matzke NJ, Larabee FJ, Clouse RM, Wheeler WC, Sorger DM, Suarez AV, Janda M. Taxon cycle predictions supported by model-based inference in Indo-Pacific trap-jaw ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Odontomachus). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4090-4107. [PMID: 30106242 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium dynamics and non-neutral processes, such as trait-dependent dispersal, are often missing from quantitative island biogeography models despite their potential explanatory value. One of the most influential nonequilibrium models is the taxon cycle, but it has been difficult to test its validity as a general biogeographical framework. Here, we test predictions of the taxon cycle model using six expected phylogenetic patterns and a time-calibrated phylogeny of Indo-Pacific Odontomachus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), one of the ant genera that E.O. Wilson used when first proposing the hypothesis. We used model-based inference and a newly developed trait-dependent dispersal model to jointly estimate ancestral biogeography, ecology (habitat preferences for forest interiors, vs. "marginal" habitats, such as savannahs, shorelines, disturbed areas) and the linkage between ecology and dispersal rates. We found strong evidence that habitat shifts from forest interior to open and disturbed habitats increased macroevolutionary dispersal rate. In addition, lineages occupying open and disturbed habitats can give rise to both island endemics re-occupying only forest interiors and taxa that re-expand geographical ranges. The phylogenetic predictions outlined in this study can be used in future work to evaluate the relative weights of neutral (e.g., geographical distance and area) and non-neutral (e.g., trait-dependent dispersal) processes in historical biogeography and community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pável Matos-Maraví
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Matzke
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fredrick J Larabee
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Entomology and Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ronald M Clouse
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York
| | - Ward C Wheeler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York
| | - Daniela Magdalena Sorger
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Andrew V Suarez
- Department of Entomology and Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Milan Janda
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, ENES, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico
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5
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Matos-Maraví P, Clouse RM, Sarnat EM, Economo EP, LaPolla JS, Borovanska M, Rabeling C, Czekanski-Moir J, Latumahina F, Wilson EO, Janda M. An ant genus-group (Prenolepis) illuminates the biogeography and drivers of insect diversification in the Indo-Pacific. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 123:16-25. [PMID: 29448063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Malay Archipelago and the tropical South Pacific (hereafter the Indo-Pacific region) are considered biodiversity hotspots, yet a general understanding of the origins and diversification of species-rich groups in the region remains elusive. We aimed to test hypotheses for the evolutionary processes driving insect species diversity in the Indo-Pacific using a higher-level and comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for an ant clade consisting of seven genera. We estimated divergence times and reconstructed the biogeographical history of ant species in the Prenolepis genus-group (Formicidae: Formicinae: Lasiini). We used a fossil-calibrated phylogeny to infer ancestral geographical ranges utilizing a biogeographic model that includes founder-event speciation. Ancestral state reconstructions of the ants' ecological preferences, and diversification rates were estimated for selected Indo-Pacific clades. Overall, we report that faunal interchange between Asia and Australia has occurred since at least 20-25 Ma, and early dispersal to the Fijian Basin happened during the early and mid-Miocene (ca. 10-20 Ma). Differences in diversification rates across Indo-Pacific clades may be related to ecological preference breadth, which in turn may have facilitated geographical range expansions. Ancient dispersal routes suggested by our results agree with the palaeogeography of the region. For this particular group of ants, the rapid orogenesis in New Guinea and possibly subsequent ecological shifts may have promoted their rapid diversification and widespread distribution across the Indo-Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pável Matos-Maraví
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; The Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Ronald M Clouse
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Eli M Sarnat
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Evan P Economo
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - John S LaPolla
- Deparment of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Borovanska
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Rabeling
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Czekanski-Moir
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Fransina Latumahina
- Department of Forestry, Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Edward O Wilson
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Milan Janda
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Cátedras CONACYT, Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, ENES, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico
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6
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Prebus M. Insights into the evolution, biogeography and natural history of the acorn ants, genus Temnothorax Mayr (hymenoptera: Formicidae). BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:250. [PMID: 29237395 PMCID: PMC5729518 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temnothorax (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) is a diverse genus of ants found in a broad spectrum of ecosystems across the northern hemisphere. These diminutive ants have long served as models for social insect behavior, leading to discoveries about social learning and inspiring hypotheses about the process of speciation and the evolution of social parasitism. This genus is highly morphologically and behaviorally diverse, and this has caused a great deal of taxonomic confusion in recent years. Past efforts to estimate the phylogeny of this genus have been limited in taxonomic scope, leaving the broader evolutionary patterns in Temnothorax unclear. To establish the monophyly of Temnothorax, resolve the evolutionary relationships, reconstruct the historical biogeography and investigate trends in the evolution of key traits, I generated, assembled, and analyzed two molecular datasets: a traditional multi-locus Sanger sequencing dataset, and an ultra-conserved element (UCE) dataset. Using maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and summary-coalescent based approaches, I analyzed 22 data subsets consisting of 103 ingroup taxa and a maximum of 1.8 million base pairs in 2485 loci. RESULTS The results of this study suggest an origin of Temnothorax at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, concerted transitions to arboreal nesting habits in several clades during the Oligocene, coinciding with ancient global cooling, and several convergent origins of social parasitism in the Miocene and Pliocene. As with other Holarctic taxa, Temnothorax has a history of migration across Beringia during the Miocene. CONCLUSIONS Temnothorax is corroborated as a natural group, and the notion that many of the historical subgeneric and species group concepts are artificial is reinforced. The strict form of Emery's Rule, in which a socially parasitic species is sister to its host species, is not well supported in Temnothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Prebus
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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7
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Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Fischer G, Lecroq-Bennet B, Economo EP. Rise of the spiny ants: diversification, ecology and function of extreme traits in the hyperdiverse genus Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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8
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Rasoamanana N, Csősz S, Fisher BL. Taxonomic revision of imitating carpenter ants, Camponotus subgenus Myrmopytia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar, using morphometry and qualitative traits. Zookeys 2017; 681:119-152. [PMID: 28769722 PMCID: PMC5523882 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.681.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ant genus Camponotus (Mayr, 1861) is one of the most abundant and species rich ant genera in the Malagasy zoogeographical region. Although this group is commonly encountered, its taxonomy is far from complete. Here, we clarify the taxonomy of the Malagasy-endemic Camponotus subgenus Myrmopytia (Emery, 1920). Species delimitation was based on traditional morphological characters and multivariate morphometric analyses, including exploratory Nest Centroid clustering and confirmatory cross-validated Linear Discriminant Analysis. Four species are recognized: Camponotus imitator (Forel, 1891), Camponotus jodinasp. n., Camponotus karahasp. n., and Camponotus longicollissp. n. All four species appear to mimic co-occurring Aphaenogaster species. A diagnosis of the subgenus Myrmopytia, species descriptions, an identification key based on minor and major subcastes of workers, and the known geographical distribution of each species are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rasoamanana
- Madagascar Biodiversity Center, BP 6257, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Sándor Csősz
- Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, U.S.A.
| | - Brian L. Fisher
- Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, U.S.A.
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Weaving through a cryptic species: Comparing the Neotropical ants Camponotus senex and Camponotus textor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Micron 2017; 99:56-66. [PMID: 28437732 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Camponotus senex (Fr. Smith 1858) and Camponotus textor Forel, 1899 are commonly confused species in the New World tropics. We provide morphological characteristics based on the larvae and adults, behavioural differences, together with evidence from molecular markers (cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, venom differences, nuclear ribosomal ITS-1, and mtDNA COI sequence comparisons) to separate the two species, demonstrating they are not immediately closely related. In conclusion we suggest new reliable morphological characters which can benefit from deeper phenetic analysis, and support the contextual usefulness of non-morphological tools in resolving sibling ant species.
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Morinaka S, Erniwati, Minaka N, Miyata T, Hoshizaki S. Phylogeography of the Delias hyparete species group (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): complex historical dispersals into and out of Wallacea. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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11
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Janda M, Matos-Maraví P, Borovanska M, Zima J, Youngerman E, Pierce NE. Phylogeny and population genetic structure of the ant genus Acropyga (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Papua New Guinea. INVERTEBR SYST 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/is14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spatial isolation and geological history are important factors in the diversification and population differentiation of species. Here we describe distributional patterns of ants in the genus Acropyga across Papua New Guinea (PNG), a highly biodiverse but little-studied region. We estimate phylogenetic relationships among currently recognised species of Acropyga and assess population genetic structure of the widespread species, A. acutiventris, across lowland areas of the island. We find that species of Acropyga present in PNG diversified during the Pliocene, between six and two million years ago. Most species now exhibit a patchy distribution that does not show a strong signal of geological history. However, the population genetic structure of the widespread species A. acutiventris has been influenced by geography, habitat association and, possibly, historical habitat fragmentation. There is a significant effect of isolation-by-distance within continuous lowland forest, and proximity to Australia has had a larger impact in structuring populations of A. acutiventris in PNG than has the Central Papuan Cordillera. This study is the first to describe population genetic patterns of an ant species in Papua New Guinea.
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Economo EP, Sarnat EM, Janda M, Clouse R, Klimov PB, Fischer G, Blanchard BD, Ramirez LN, Andersen AN, Berman M, Guénard B, Lucky A, Rabeling C, Wilson EO, Knowles LL. Breaking out of biogeographical modules: range expansion and taxon cycles in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 2015; 42:2289-2301. [PMID: 27660394 PMCID: PMC5014176 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We sought to reconstruct the biogeographical structure and dynamics of a hyperdiverse ant genus, Pheidole, and to test several predictions of the taxon cycle hypothesis. Using large datasets on Pheidole geographical distributions and phylogeny, we (1) inferred patterns of biogeographical modularity (clusters of areas with similar faunal composition), (2) tested whether species in open habitats are more likely to be expanding their range beyond module boundaries, and (3) tested whether there is a bias of lineage flow from high- to low-diversity areas. LOCATION The Old World. METHODS We compiled and jointly analysed a comprehensive database of Pheidole geographical distributions, the ecological affinities of different species, and a multilocus phylogeny of the Old World radiation. We used network modularity methods to infer biogeographical structure in the genus and comparative methods to evaluate the hypotheses. RESULTS The network analysis identified eight biogeographical modules, and a suite of species with anomalous ranges that are statistically more likely to occur in open habitat, supporting the hypothesis that open habitats promote range expansion. Phylogenetic analysis shows evidence for a cascade pattern of colonization from Asia to New Guinea to the Pacific, but no 'upstream' colonization in the reverse direction. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The distributions of Pheidole lineages in the Old World are highly modular, with modules generally corresponding to biogeographical regions inferred in other groups of organisms. However, some lineages have expanded their ranges across module boundaries, and these species are more likely to be adapted to open habitats rather than interior forest. In addition, there is a cascade pattern of dispersal from higher to lower diversity areas during these range expansions. Our findings are consistent with the taxon cycle hypothesis, although they do not rule out alternative interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Economo
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 TanchaOnna‐sonOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyMuseum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Eli M. Sarnat
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChicagoILUSA
| | - Milan Janda
- Biology CentreCzech Academy of SciencesČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
- Department of BiologyUniversity of GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMexico
| | - Ronald Clouse
- Department of Bioinformatics and GenomicsUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Pavel B. Klimov
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyMuseum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of ZoologyTyumen State UniversityTyumenRussia
| | - Georg Fischer
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 TanchaOnna‐sonOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Benjamin D. Blanchard
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyMuseum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Committee on Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Lizette N. Ramirez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyMuseum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | | | - Maia Berman
- CSIRO Land & Water FlagshipDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Benoit Guénard
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 TanchaOnna‐sonOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Andrea Lucky
- Department of Entomology & NematologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | | | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyMuseum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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Phylogeography of the harvestman genus Metasiro (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones) reveals a potential solution to the Pangean paradox. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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