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Hwang W, Wantuch PL, Bernshtein B, Zhiteneva J, Slater D, Vater KH, Sridhar S, Oliver E, Roach DJ, Rao S, Turbett SE, Knoot CJ, Harding CM, Amin MN, Cross AS, LaRocque RC, Rosen DA, Harris JB. Antibody responses in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection: a cohort study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.591958. [PMID: 38746292 PMCID: PMC11092611 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumonia (Kpn) is the fourth leading cause of infection-related deaths globally, yet little is known about human antibody responses to invasive Kpn. In this study, we sought to determine whether the O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) antigen, a vaccine candidate, is immunogenic in humans with Kpn bloodstream infection (BSI). We also sought to define the cross-reactivity of human antibody responses among structurally related Kpn OPS subtypes and to assess the impact of capsule production on OPS-targeted antibody binding and function. Methods We measured plasma antibody responses to OPS (and MrkA, a fimbrial protein) in a cohort of patients with Kpn BSI and compared these with controls, including a cohort of healthy individuals and a cohort of individuals with Enterococcus BSI. We performed flow cytometry to measure the impact of Kpn capsule production on whole cell antibody binding and complement deposition, utilizing patient isolates with variable levels of capsule production and isogenic capsule-deficient strains derived from these isolates. Findings We enrolled 69 patients with Kpn BSI. Common OPS serotypes accounted for 57/69 (83%) of infections. OPS was highly immunogenic in patients with Kpn BSI, and peak OPS-IgG antibody responses in patients were 10 to 30-fold higher than antibody levels detected in healthy controls, depending on the serotype. There was significant cross-reactivity among structurally similar OPS subtypes, including the O1v1/O1v2, O2v1/O2v2 and O3/O3b subtypes. Physiological amounts of capsule produced by both hyperencapsulated and non-hyperencapsulated Kpn significantly inhibited OPS-targeted antibody binding and function. Interpretation OPS was highly immunogenic in patients with Kpn BSI, supporting its potential as a candidate vaccine antigen. The strong cross-reactivity observed between similar OPS subtypes in humans with Kpn BSI suggests that it may not be necessary to include all subtypes in an OPS-based vaccine. However, these observations are tempered by the fact that capsule production, even in non-highly encapsulated strains, has the potential to interfere with OPS antibody binding. This may limit the effectiveness of vaccines that exclusively target OPS. Funding National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health. Research in Context Evidence before this study: Despite the potential of O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) as a vaccine antigen against Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn), the immunogenicity of OPS in humans remains largely unstudied, creating a significant knowledge gap with regard to vaccine development. A search of PubMed for publications up to March 18, 2024, using the terms " Klebsiella pneumoniae " and "O-specific polysaccharide" or "O-antigen" or "lipopolysaccharide" revealed no prior studies addressing OPS antibody responses in humans with Kpn bloodstream infections (BSI). One prior study 1 evaluated antibody response to a single lipopolysaccharide (which contains one subtype of OPS) in humans with invasive Kpn infection; however, in this study OPS typing of the infecting strains and target antigen were not described. Added value of this study: Our investigation into OPS immunogenicity in a human cohort marks a significant advance. Analyzing plasma antibody responses in 69 patients with Kpn BSI, we found OPS to be broadly immunogenic across all the types and subtypes examined, and there was significant cross-reactivity among structurally related OPS antigens. We also demonstrated that Kpn capsule production inhibit OPS antibody binding and the activation of complement on the bacterial surface, even in classical Kpn strains expressing lower levels of capsule.Implications of all the available evidence: While the immunogenicity and broad cross-reactivity of OPS in humans with Kpn BSI suggests it is a promising vaccine candidate, the obstruction of OPS antibody binding and engagement by physiologic levels of Kpn capsule underscores the potential limitations of an exclusively OPS-antigen based vaccine for Kpn. Our study provides insights for the strategic development of vaccines aimed at combating Kpn infections, an important antimicrobial resistant pathogen.
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Rojas D, Marcoleta AE, Gálvez-Silva M, Varas MA, Díaz M, Hernández M, Vargas C, Nourdin-Galindo G, Koch E, Saldivia P, Vielma J, Gan YH, Chen Y, Guiliani N, Chávez FP. Inorganic Polyphosphate Affects Biofilm Assembly, Capsule Formation, and Virulence of Hypervirulent ST23 Klebsiella pneumoniae. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:606-623. [PMID: 38205780 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) strains poses a significant threat to public health due to high mortality rates and propensity to cause severe community-acquired infections in healthy individuals. The ability to form biofilms and produce a protective capsule contributes to its enhanced virulence and is a significant challenge to effective antibiotic treatment. Polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) is an enzyme responsible for inorganic polyphosphate synthesis and plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes in bacteria. In this study, we investigated the impact of polyP metabolism on the biofilm and capsule formation and virulence traits in hvKP using Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba as a model host. We found that the PPK1 null mutant was impaired in biofilm and capsule formation and showed attenuated virulence in D. discoideum compared to the wild-type strain. We performed a proteomic analysis to gain further insights into the underlying molecular mechanism. The results revealed that the PPK1 mutant had a differential expression of proteins involved in capsule synthesis (Wzi-Ugd), biofilm formation (MrkC-D-H), synthesis of the colibactin genotoxin precursor (ClbB), as well as proteins associated with the synthesis and modification of lipid A (ArnB-LpxC-PagP). These proteomic findings corroborate the phenotypic observations and indicate that the PPK1 mutation is associated with impaired biofilm and capsule formation and attenuated virulence in hvKP. Overall, our study highlights the importance of polyP synthesis in regulating extracellular biomolecules and virulence in K. pneumoniae and provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rojas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
| | - Andrés E Marcoleta
- Grupo de Microbiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
| | - Matías Gálvez-Silva
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
- Grupo de Microbiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
| | - Macarena A Varas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
- Grupo de Microbiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
| | - Mauricio Díaz
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Microbiana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
| | - Mauricio Hernández
- División Biotecnología, Instituto Melisa, San Pedro de la Paz CP 9660000, Chile
| | - Cristian Vargas
- División Biotecnología, Instituto Melisa, San Pedro de la Paz CP 9660000, Chile
| | | | - Elard Koch
- División Biotecnología, Instituto Melisa, San Pedro de la Paz CP 9660000, Chile
| | - Pablo Saldivia
- División Biotecnología, Instituto Melisa, San Pedro de la Paz CP 9660000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción CP 4070389, Chile
| | - Jorge Vielma
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
- Grupo de Microbiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore CP 119077, Singapore
| | - Yahua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore CP 119077, Singapore
| | - Nicolás Guiliani
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Microbiana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
| | - Francisco P Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago CP 7800003, Chile
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Bai R, Guo J. Interactions and Implications of Klebsiella pneumoniae with Human Immune Responses and Metabolic Pathways: A Comprehensive Review. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:449-462. [PMID: 38333568 PMCID: PMC10849896 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), a significant contributor to the global challenge of antibiotic resistance, is not only a ubiquitous component of the human microbiome but also a potent pathogen capable of causing a spectrum of diseases. This review provides a thorough analysis of the intricate interactions between K. pneumoniae and the human immune system, elucidating its substantial impact on metabolic processes. We explore the mechanisms employed by K. pneumoniae to evade and manipulate immune responses, including molecular mimicry, immune modulation, and biofilm formation. The review further investigates the bacterium's influence on metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis, highlighting how these interactions exacerbate disease severity. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains within the Enterobacteriaceae family has heightened the public health crisis, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive research. We investigate the roles of the host's complement system, autophagy, cell death mechanisms, and various cytokines in combating K. pneumoniae infections, shedding light on areas that warrant further academic investigation. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges posed by K1- and K2-capsule polysaccharides in vaccine development due to their complex molecular structures and adhesive properties. Acknowledging the limited availability of effective antimicrobials, this review advocates for exploring alternative approaches such as immunotherapeutics, vaccinations, and phage therapy. We consolidate current knowledge on K. pneumoniae, covering classical and non-classical subtypes, antimicrobial resistance-mediated genes, virulence factors, and epidemiological trends in isolation and antibiotic resistance rates. This comprehensive review not only advances our understanding of K. pneumoniae but also underscores the imperative for ongoing research and collaborative efforts to develop new prevention and treatment strategies against this formidable pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Mina SA, Zhu G, Fanian M, Chen S, Yang G. Exploring reduced macrophage cell toxicity of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to classical Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127515. [PMID: 37837829 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pneumoniae caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a major concern due to the prevalence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains, which limit treatment options and increase mortality rates. Patients with Kp infections often experience an uncontrolled immune response in the lungs, leading to excessive inflammation and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity, the inflammatory cytokine response, and the longevity of intracellular bacterial load in RAW 264.7 macrophages, infected with two different Kp strains - cKP (HKU1: Classical Kp) and HvKP (17ZR101: Hypervirulent Kp). This study found that after infecting macrophages with cKP and HvKP, the internalization rate was faster and the intracellular cKP load was higher than that of HvKP. Additionally, the number of intracellular Kp was correlated with the presence of M1 macrophage polarization marker CD86 and expressions of proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the expression of these proinflammatory cytokines was significantly higher in cKP-infected macrophages than in HvKP-infected macrophages. Thus, a higher intracellular cKP load is suggested to play a significant role in causing more proinflammatory cytokines and killing macrophages compared to HvKP infection. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind Kp infections and developing effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohana Akter Mina
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Gaochen Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Maryam Fanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hom Hung, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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López-Rodríguez JC, Hancock SJ, Li K, Crotta S, Barrington C, Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Aubé J, Wack A, Klenerman P, Bengoechea JA, Barral P. Type I interferons drive MAIT cell functions against bacterial pneumonia. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230037. [PMID: 37516912 PMCID: PMC10373297 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant in the lung and contribute to host defense against infections. During bacterial infections, MAIT cell activation has been proposed to require T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of antigens derived from the riboflavin synthesis pathway presented by the antigen-presenting molecule MR1. MAIT cells can also be activated by cytokines in an MR1-independent manner, yet the contribution of MR1-dependent vs. -independent signals to MAIT cell functions in vivo remains unclear. Here, we use Klebsiella pneumoniae as a model of bacterial pneumonia and demonstrate that MAIT cell activation is independent of MR1 and primarily driven by type I interferons (IFNs). During Klebsiella infection, type I IFNs stimulate activation of murine and human MAIT cells, induce a Th1/cytotoxic transcriptional program, and modulate MAIT cell location within the lungs. Consequently, adoptive transfer or boosting of pulmonary MAIT cells protect mice from Klebsiella infection, with protection being dependent on direct type I IFN signaling on MAIT cells. These findings reveal type I IFNs as new molecular targets to manipulate MAIT cell functions during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Steven J. Hancock
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine. School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Jose A. Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine. School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Qu WQ, Fan JX, Zheng DW, Gu HY, Yu YF, Yan X, Zhao K, Hu ZB, Qi BW, Zhang XZ, Yu AX. Deep-penetration functionalized cuttlefish ink nanoparticles for combating wound infections with synergetic photothermal-immunologic therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122231. [PMID: 37418854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of wound infections post-surgery and open trauma caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a constant threat to clinical treatment. As a promising antimicrobial treatment, photothermal therapy can effectively resolve the problem of drug resistance in conventional antibiotic antimicrobial therapy. Here, we report a deep-penetration functionalized cuttlefish ink nanoparticle (CINP) for photothermal and immunological therapy of wound infections. CINP is decorated with zwitterionic polymer (ZP, namely sulfobetaine methacrylate-methacrylate copolymer) to form CINP@ZP nanoparticles. Natural CINP is found to not only exhibit photothermal destruction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), but also trigger macrophages-related innate immunity and enhance their antibacterial functions. The ZP coating on the surface of CINP enables nanoparticles to penetrate into deeply infected wound environment. In addition, CINP@ZP is further integrated into the thermosensitive Pluronic F127 gel (CINP@ZP-F127). After in situ spraying gel, CINP@ZP-F127 is also documented notable antibacterial effects in mice wound models infected with MRSA and E. coli. Collectively, this approach combining of photothermal therapy with immunotherapy can promote delivery efficiency of nanoparticles to the deep foci of infective wounds, and effectively eliminate wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jin-Xuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Di-Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Hui-Yun Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yi-Feng Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhong-Bao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Bai-Wen Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Ai-Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Grubwieser P, Hilbe R, Gehrer CM, Grander M, Brigo N, Hoffmann A, Seifert M, Berger S, Theurl I, Nairz M, Weiss G. Klebsiella pneumoniae manipulates human macrophages to acquire iron. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1223113. [PMID: 37637102 PMCID: PMC10451090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, such as pneumonia. Moreover, it is classified as a pathogen of concern due to sprawling anti-microbial resistance. During infection, the gram-negative pathogen is capable of establishing an intracellular niche in macrophages by altering cellular metabolism. One factor critically affecting the host-pathogen interaction is the availability of essential nutrients, like iron, which is required for KP to proliferate but which also modulates anti-microbial immune effector pathways. We hypothesized, that KP manipulates macrophage iron homeostasis to acquire this crucial nutrient for sustained proliferation. Methods We applied an in-vitro infection model, in which human macrophage-like PMA-differentiated THP1 cells were infected with KP (strain ATCC 43816). During a 24-h course of infection, we quantified the number of intracellular bacteria via serial plating of cell lysates and evaluated the effects of different stimuli on intracellular bacterial numbers and iron acquisition. Furthermore, we analyzed host and pathogen specific gene and protein expression of key iron metabolism molecules. Results Viable bacteria are recovered from macrophage cell lysates during the course of infection, indicative of persistence of bacteria within host cells and inefficient pathogen clearing by macrophages. Strikingly, following KP infection macrophages strongly induce the expression of the main cellular iron importer transferrin-receptor-1 (TFR1). Accordingly, intracellular KP proliferation is further augmented by the addition of iron loaded transferrin. The induction of TFR1 is mediated via the STAT-6-IL-10 axis, and pharmacological inhibition of this pathway reduces macrophage iron uptake, elicits bacterial iron starvation, and decreases bacterial survival. Conclusion Our results suggest, that KP manipulates macrophage iron metabolism to acquire iron once confined inside the host cell and enforces intracellular bacterial persistence. This is facilitated by microbial mediated induction of TFR1 via the STAT-6-IL-10 axis. Mechanistic insights into immune metabolism will provide opportunities for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Michael Gehrer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Brigo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Umarje SC, Banerjee SK. Non-traditional approaches for control of antibiotic resistance. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:1113-1135. [PMID: 38007617 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2279644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The drying up of antibiotic pipeline has necessitated the development of alternative therapeutic strategies to control the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that is expected to kill 10-million people annually by 2050. Newer therapeutic approaches address the shortcomings of traditional small-molecule antibiotics - the lack of specificity, evolvability, and susceptibility to mutation-based resistance. These 'non-traditional' molecules are biologicals having a complex structure and mode(s) of action that makes them resilient to resistance. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide information about the non-traditional drug development approaches to tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistance, from the pre-antibiotic era to the latest developments. We have covered the molecules under development in the clinic with literature sourced from reviewed scholarly articles, official company websites involved in innovation of concerned therapeutics, press releases from the regulatory bodies, and clinical trial databases. EXPERT OPINION Formal introduction of non-traditional therapies in general practice can be quick and feasible only if supported with companion diagnostics and used in conjunction with established therapies. Owing to relatively higher development costs, non-traditional therapeutics require more funding as well as well as clarity in regulatory and clinical path. We are hopeful these issues are adequately addressed before AMR develops into a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth C Umarje
- Department of Proteomics, AbGenics Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
- AbGenics Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
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Wang X, Bi C, Xin X, Zhang M, Fu H, Lan L, Wang M, Yan Z. Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy are involved in infection induced by two clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with different virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1165609. [PMID: 37223846 PMCID: PMC10200925 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1165609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause widespread infections and is an important factor of hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia. The emergence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae poses a serious clinical therapeutic challenge and is associated with a high mortality. The goal of this work was to investigate the influence of K. pneumoniae infection on host cells, particularly pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy in the context of host-pathogen interactions to better understand the pathogenic mechanism of K. pneumoniae. Two clinical K. pneumoniae isolates, one classical K. pneumoniae isolate and one hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolate, were used to infect RAW264.7 cells to establish an in vitro infection model. We first examined the phagocytosis of macrophages infected with K. pneumoniae. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test, and calcein-AM/PI double staining was conducted to determine the viability of macrophages. The inflammatory response was evaluated by measuring the pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The occurrence of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy was assessed by detecting the mRNA and protein levels of the corresponding biochemical markers. In addition, mouse pneumonia models were constructed by intratracheal instillation of K. pneumoniae for in vivo validation experiments. As for results, hypervirulent K. pneumoniae was much more resistant to macrophage-mediated phagocytosis but caused more severe cellular damage and lung tissues damage compared with classical K. pneumoniae. Moreover, we found increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD associated with pyroptosis in macrophages and lung tissues, and the levels were much higher following hypervirulent K. pneumoniae challenge. Both strains induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo; the higher apoptosis proportion was observed in infection caused by hypervirulent K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, classical K. pneumoniae strongly triggered autophagy, while hypervirulent K. pneumoniae weakly activated this process. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae and may form the foundation for the future design of treatments for K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Institute of Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunxia Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoni Xin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hengxia Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lei Lan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Children’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- College of Basic Medicine, Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Baran M, Feriotti C, McGinley A, Carlile SR, Jiang Z, Calderon-Gonzalez R, Dumigan A, Sá-Pessoa J, Sutton CE, Kearney J, McLoughlin RM, Mills KHG, Fitzgerald KA, Bengeochea JA, Bowie AG. PYHIN protein IFI207 regulates cytokine transcription and IRF7 and contributes to the establishment of K. pneumoniae infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112341. [PMID: 37018072 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PYHIN proteins AIM2 and IFI204 sense pathogen DNA, while other PYHINs have been shown to regulate host gene expression through as-yet unclear mechanisms. We characterize mouse PYHIN IFI207, which we find is not involved in DNA sensing but rather is required for cytokine promoter induction in macrophages. IFI207 co-localizes with both active RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) and IRF7 in the nucleus and enhances IRF7-dependent gene promoter induction. Generation of Ifi207-/- mice shows no role for IFI207 in autoimmunity. Rather, IFI207 is required for the establishment of a Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection and for Klebsiella macrophage phagocytosis. These insights into IFI207 function illustrate that PYHINs can have distinct roles in innate immunity independent of DNA sensing and highlight the need to better characterize the whole mouse locus, one gene at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Baran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia Feriotti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Aoife McGinley
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon R Carlile
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo Calderon-Gonzalez
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Joana Sá-Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Caroline E Sutton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jay Kearney
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jose A Bengeochea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland.
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11
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Gelfusa M, Murari A, Ludovici GM, Franchi C, Gelfusa C, Malizia A, Gaudio P, Farinelli G, Panella G, Gargiulo C, Casinelli K. On the Potential of Relational Databases for the Detection of Clusters of Infection and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040784. [PMID: 37107146 PMCID: PMC10135313 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several bacterial strains have acquired significant antibiotic resistance and can, therefore, become difficult to contain. To counteract such trends, relational databases can be a powerful tool for supporting the decision-making process. The case of Klebsiella pneumoniae diffusion in a central region of Italy was analyzed as a case study. A specific relational database is shown to provide very detailed and timely information about the spatial-temporal diffusion of the contagion, together with a clear assessment of the multidrug resistance of the strains. The analysis is particularized for both internal and external patients. Tools such as the one proposed can, therefore, be considered important elements in the identification of infection hotspots, a key ingredient of any strategy to reduce the diffusion of an infectious disease at the community level and in hospitals. These types of tools are also very valuable in the decision-making process related to antibiotic prescription and to the management of stockpiles. The application of this processing technology to viral diseases such as COVID-19 is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gelfusa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Murari
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN), University of Padua, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, CNR, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ludovici
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Franchi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gelfusa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Malizia
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Gaudio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giacinto Panella
- ASL and Fabrizio Spaziani, Frosinone Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy
| | - Carla Gargiulo
- ASL and Fabrizio Spaziani, Frosinone Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy
| | - Katia Casinelli
- ASL and Fabrizio Spaziani, Frosinone Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy
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12
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Zhu J, Zhu R, Jiang H, Li Z, Jiang X, Li F, Zhang F, Feng X, Gu J, Li N, Lei L. Adh Promotes Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Survival in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages by Inhibiting CHAC2-Mediated Respiratory Burst and Inflammatory Cytokine Expression. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050696. [PMID: 36899832 PMCID: PMC10001268 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) causes porcine pleuropneumonia that seriously endangers pig's health. Adh, located in the head region of trimeric autotransporter adhesion of A. pleuropneumoniae, affects bacterial adhesion and pathogenicity. However, how Adh mediates A. pleuropneumoniae immune invasion is still unclear. Here, we established the A. pleuropneumoniae strain L20 or L20 ΔAdh-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) model, and applied protein overexpression, RNA interference, qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunoflourescence techniques to dissect the effects of Adh on PAM during A. pleuropneumoniae infection. We found that Adh could increase the A. pleuropneumoniae adhesion and intracellular survival in PAM. Gene chip analysis of piglet lungs further showed that Adh significantly induced cation transport regulatory-like protein 2 (CHAC2) expression, whose overexpression suppressed the phagocytic capacity of PAM. Furthermore, CHAC2 overexpression dramatically increased glutathione (GSH) expression, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and promoted A. pleuropneumoniae survival in PAM, while the knockdown of CHAC2 reversed these phenomena. Meanwhile, CHAC2 silence activated the NOD1/NF-κB pathway, resulting in an increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression, whereas this effect was weakened by CHAC2 overexpression and addition of NOD1/NF-κB inhibitor ML130. Moreover, Adh enhanced the secretion of LPS of A. pleuropneumoniae, which regulated the expression of CHAC2 via TLR4. In conclusion, through a LPS-TLR4-CHAC2 pathway, Adh inhibits respiratory burst and inflammatory cytokines expression to promote A. pleuropneumoniae survival in PAM. This finding may provide a novel target for the prevention and treatment of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Rining Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ziheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fuxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.L.)
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13
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Chen Q, Wang M, Han M, Xu L, Zhang H. Molecular basis of Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization in host. Microb Pathog 2023; 177:106026. [PMID: 36773942 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common cause of nosocomial infection, which causing disseminated infections such as cystitis, pneumonia and sepsis. K. pneumoniae is intrinsic resistant to penicillin, and members of the population usually have acquired resistance to a variety of antibiotics, which makes it a major threat to clinical and public health. Bacteria can colonize on or within the hosts, accompanied by growth and reproduction of the organisms, but no clinical symptoms are presented. As the "first step" of bacterial infection, colonization in the hosts is of great importance. Colonization of bacteria can last from days to years, with resolution influenced by immune response to the organism, competition at the site from other organisms and, sometimes, use of antimicrobials. Colonized pathogenic bacteria cause healthcare-associated infections at times of reduced host immunity, which is an important cause of clinical occurrence of postoperative complications and increased mortality in ICU patients. Though, K. pneumoniae is one of the most common conditional pathogens of hospital-acquired infections, the mechanisms of K. pneumoniae colonization in humans are not completely clear. In this review, we made a brief summary of the molecular basis of K. pneumoniae colonization in the upper respiratory tract and intestinal niche, and provided new insights for understanding the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingxiao Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Leyi Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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14
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Liu J, Chen X, Xu L, Tu F, Rui X, Zhang L, Yan Z, Liu Y, Hu R. Neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles exhibit increased antimicrobial activities in an anti-microbial resistant K. pneumonia infection model. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102640. [PMID: 36549558 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles mediated KLA peptides (KLAKLAKKLAKLAK) and gentamicin in the targeted therapy of anti-microbial resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia) lung infection. METHODS The characteristics of KLA-neutrophils nanoparticles (NNPs) are identified via dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), SDS-PAGE, Western blot, quantitative flow cytometry (QFCM) and confocal microscopy. The safety of KLA-NNPs both in vitro and in vivo is evaluated by hemolysis test, platelet α granule membrane protein concentration, protein adsorption capacity, in vitro macrophage phagocytosis, weight change, liver function indicators, blood biochemical indicators, and pathological changes of vital organs in mice. The efficacy of KLA-NNPs is determined by time-kill assay, fluorescent label test, intracellular bacterial content, caspase-1 activity, survival rate, and HE staining both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The prepared KLA-NNPs have a typical "core-shell" structure, uniform nanometer size, and retain the membrane proteins on the neutrophil membrane that achieve functional effects. In vitro safety analysis showed that KLA-NNPs have good blood compatibility and can inhibit macrophage phagocytosis in vitro. KLA-NNPs can effectively release KLA and significantly reduce intracellular bacteria and caspase-1 activity. In vivo safety analysis and efficacy analysis revealed that KLA-NNPs have good biocompatibility and could effectively improve the survival rate of mice. CONCLUSION The prepared KLA-NNPs have good nano-medicine chemical and physical properties and safety. It can evade immune system clearance, achieve high-efficiency targeted aggregation and drug delivery to bacterial infection sites, and effectively inhibit the development of pneumonia induced by drug-resistant K. pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214005, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, 27 Jiankang Road Jiangyan District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province 225411, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Wuxi stomatological hospital, 6 Jiankang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214001, China
| | - Fan Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214005, China
| | - Xiaohong Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214005, China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- Department of Nanxin Pharm, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Department of Hepatology, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214005, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214005, China.
| | - Renjing Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi City; Jiangsu Province 214000, China.
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15
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Cioetto-Mazzabò L, Boldrin F, Beauvineau C, Speth M, Marina A, Namouchi A, Segafreddo G, Cimino M, Favre-Rochex S, Balasingham S, Trastoy B, Munier-Lehmann H, Griffiths G, Gicquel B, Guerin M, Manganelli R, Alonso-Rodríguez N. SigH stress response mediates killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by activating nitronaphthofuran prodrugs via induction of Mrx2 expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:144-165. [PMID: 36546765 PMCID: PMC9841431 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains highlights the need to discover anti-tuberculosis drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here we discovered a mycobactericidal strategy based on the prodrug activation of selected chemical derivatives classified as nitronaphthofurans (nNFs) mediated by the coordinated action of the sigH and mrx2 genes. The transcription factor SigH is a key regulator of an extensive transcriptional network that responds to oxidative, nitrosative, and heat stresses in M. tuberculosis. The nNF action induced the SigH stress response which in turn induced the mrx2 overexpression. The nitroreductase Mrx2 was found to activate nNF prodrugs, killing replicating, non-replicating and intracellular forms of M. tuberculosis. Analysis of SigH DNA sequences obtained from spontaneous nNF-resistant M. tuberculosis mutants suggests disruption of SigH binding to the mrx2 promoter site and/or RNA polymerase core, likely promoting the observed loss of transcriptional control over Mrx2. Mutations found in mrx2 lead to structural defects in the thioredoxin fold of the Mrx2 protein, significantly impairing the activity of the Mrx2 enzyme against nNFs. Altogether, our work brings out the SigH/Mrx2 stress response pathway as a promising target for future drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Beauvineau
- Chemical Library Institut Curie/CNRS, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196 and CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Martin Speth
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Alberto Marina
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain
| | - Amine Namouchi
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Greta Segafreddo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Mena Cimino
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | | | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain,Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia 48903, Spain
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institute Pasteur, Paris 75015, France,Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio 48160 Spain,Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia 48903, Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Riccardo Manganelli
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Riccardo Manganelli. Tel: +39 049 827 2366; Fax: +39 049 827 2355;
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16
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Dumigan A, Cappa O, Morris B, Sá Pessoa J, Calderon‐Gonzalez R, Mills G, Lancaster R, Simpson D, Kissenpfennig A, Bengoechea JA. In vivo single-cell transcriptomics reveal Klebsiella pneumoniae skews lung macrophages to promote infection. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e16888. [PMID: 36337046 PMCID: PMC9727930 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategies deployed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria to counteract host defences are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel host-pathogen interaction resulting in skewing lung macrophage polarisation by the human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. We identify interstitial macrophages (IMs) as the main population of lung macrophages associated with Klebsiella. Single-cell transcriptomics and trajectory analysis of cells reveal type I IFN and IL10 signalling, and macrophage polarisation are characteristic of infected IMs, whereas Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Nod-like receptor signalling are features of infected alveolar macrophages. Klebsiella-induced macrophage polarisation is a singular M2-type we termed M(Kp). To rewire macrophages, Klebsiella hijacks a TLR-type I IFN-IL10-STAT6 axis. Absence of STAT6 limits Klebsiella intracellular survival and facilitates the clearance of the pathogen in vivo. Glycolysis characterises M(Kp) metabolism, and inhibition of glycolysis results in clearance of intracellular Klebsiella. Capsule polysaccharide governs M(Kp). Klebsiella also skews human macrophage polarisation towards M(Kp) in a type I IFN-IL10-STAT6-dependent manner. Klebsiella induction of M(Kp) represents a novel strategy to overcome host restriction, and identifies STAT6 as target to boost defences against Klebsiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Oisin Cappa
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Brenda Morris
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Joana Sá Pessoa
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Ricardo Calderon‐Gonzalez
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Grant Mills
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Rebecca Lancaster
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David Simpson
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Jose A Bengoechea
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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17
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Wei S, Xu T, Chen Y, Zhou K. Autophagy, cell death, and cytokines in K. pneumoniae infection: Therapeutic Perspectives. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 12:2140607. [DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2140607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wei
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Soto W. Emerging Research Topics in the Vibrionaceae and the Squid- Vibrio Symbiosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101946. [PMID: 36296224 PMCID: PMC9607633 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vibrionaceae encompasses a cosmopolitan group that is mostly aquatic and possesses tremendous metabolic and genetic diversity. Given the importance of this taxon, it deserves continued and deeper research in a multitude of areas. This review outlines emerging topics of interest within the Vibrionaceae. Moreover, previously understudied research areas are highlighted that merit further exploration, including affiliations with marine plants (seagrasses), microbial predators, intracellular niches, and resistance to heavy metal toxicity. Agarases, phototrophy, phage shock protein response, and microbial experimental evolution are also fields discussed. The squid-Vibrio symbiosis is a stellar model system, which can be a useful guiding light on deeper expeditions and voyages traversing these "seas of interest". Where appropriate, the squid-Vibrio mutualism is mentioned in how it has or could facilitate the illumination of these various subjects. Additional research is warranted on the topics specified herein, since they have critical relevance for biomedical science, pharmaceuticals, and health care. There are also practical applications in agriculture, zymology, food science, and culinary use. The tractability of microbial experimental evolution is explained. Examples are given of how microbial selection studies can be used to examine the roles of chance, contingency, and determinism (natural selection) in shaping Earth's natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Soto
- Integrated Science Center Rm 3035, Department of Biology, College of William & Mary, 540 Landrum Dr., Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
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19
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Tang J, Gu L, Luo J, Luo H, Zeng Q, Jiang Y. 1,25(OH) 2D 3 promotes the elimination of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection by inducing autophagy through the VDR-ATG16L1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109266. [PMID: 36174418 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that vitamin D has regulatory functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses, indicating that it can perform essential roles in host resistance to pathogen infections. This study aimed to verify its effects on Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) infection and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS THP-1-derived macrophages were infected with Kp and then incubated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Autophagy induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 was investigated by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to determine the expression of inflammatory mediators. Baf A1 and 3-MA were used to inhibit autophagy. The intracellular killing of Kp was measured using qPCR and colony-forming unit assays. RNA interference assays were used to silence VDR or ATG16L1. The lungs of C57BL/6 mice were infected with Kp via intratracheal instillation, and the established pneumonia models were used for in vivo validation experiments. RESULTS Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the bactericidal activity of macrophages and concomitantly reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6. Kp infection led to a lower expression level of VDR in macrophages than in the control, whereas co-treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 up-regulated VDR expression and robustly induced autophagy via the VDR signaling pathway. Silencing ATG16L1 significantly counteracted autophagy induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in Kp-infected macrophages. Furthermore, we found that when autophagy activity was diminished by ATG16L1 siRNA or blocked by Baf A1, the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to promote macrophages to eliminate Kp infection was obviously impaired, as were its anti-inflammatory effects. These protective efficacies of 1,25(OH)2D3 against Kp infection were also validated in vivo using a mouse model of pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the protective features of 1,25(OH)2D3 in macrophages against Kp infection and may provide evidence for further exploration of its potential as an adjunctive therapy agent for the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, and State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liwen Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jieyu Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haihua Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, and State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qingli Zeng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, and State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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20
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Yang L, Dai X, Xu Q, Li Y, Liu X, Gao F. pH-Responsive Hyperbranched Polymer Nanoparticles to Combat Intracellular Infection by Disrupting Bacterial Wall and Regulating Macrophage Polarization. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4370-4378. [PMID: 36075109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial infections pose a serious threat to public health. Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells that play a vital role in intracellular bacterial infection. However, bacteria that survive inside macrophages could subvert the cell signaling and eventually reduce the antimicrobial activity of macrophages. Herein, dual pH-responsive polymer (poly[(3-phenylprop-2-ene-1,1-diyl)bis(oxy)bis(enthane-2,1-diyl)diacrylate-co-N-aminoethylpiperazine] (PCA)) nanoparticles were developed to clear intracellular bacteria by activating macrophages and destructing bacterial walls. The presence of acid-labile acetal linkages and tertiary amine groups in the polymer's backbone endow hyperbranched PCA dual pH-response activity that shows acid-induced positive charge increase and cinnamaldehyde release properties. The biodegraded PCA nanoparticles could significantly inhibit the growth of bacteria by damaging the bacterial walls. Meanwhile, PCA nanoparticles could uptake by macrophages, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and remodel the immune response by upregulating M1 polarization, leading to the reinforced antimicrobial capacity. Furthermore, PCA nanoparticles could promote bacteria-infected wound healing in vivo. Therefore, these dual pH-responsive PCA nanoparticles enabling bacteria-killing and macrophage activation provide a novel outlook for treating intracellular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Yang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Dai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
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21
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do Nascimento Soares T, Silva Valadares V, Cardoso Amorim G, de Mattos Lacerda de Carvalho M, Berrêdo‐Pinho M, Ceneviva Lacerda Almeida F, Mascarello Bisch P, Batista PR, Miranda Santos Lery L. The C‐terminal extension of
VgrG4
from
Klebsiella pneumoniae
remodels host cell microfilaments. Proteins 2022; 90:1655-1668. [PMID: 35430767 PMCID: PMC9542434 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen, which concerns public health systems worldwide, as multiple antibiotic‐resistant strains are frequent. One of its pathogenicity factors is the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), a macromolecular complex assembled through the bacterial membranes. T6SS injects effector proteins inside target cells. Such effectors confer competitive advantages or modulate the target cell signaling and metabolism to favor bacterial infection. The VgrG protein is a T6SS core component. It may present a variable C‐terminal domain carrying an additional effector function. Kp52.145 genome encodes three VgrG proteins, one of them with a C‐terminal extension (VgrG4‐CTD). VgrG4‐CTD is 138 amino acids long, does not contain domains of known function, but is conserved in some Klebsiella, and non‐Klebsiella species. To get insights into its function, recombinant VgrG4‐CTD was used in pulldown experiments to capture ligands from macrophages and lung epithelial cells. A total of 254 proteins were identified: most of them are ribosomal proteins. Cytoskeleton‐associated and proteins involved in the phagosome maturation pathway were also identified. We further showed that VgrG4‐CTD binds actin and induces actin remodeling in macrophages. This study presents novel clues on the role of K. pneumoniae T6SS in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcia Berrêdo‐Pinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fábio Ceneviva Lacerda Almeida
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo Mascarello Bisch
- Laboratório de Física‐Biológica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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22
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Chakraborty N, Jha D, Roy I, Kumar P, Gaurav SS, Marimuthu K, Ng OT, Lakshminarayanan R, Verma NK, Gautam HK. Nanobiotics against antimicrobial resistance: harnessing the power of nanoscale materials and technologies. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:375. [PMID: 35953826 PMCID: PMC9371964 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the spasmodic increment in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), world is on the verge of “post-antibiotic era”. It is anticipated that current SARS-CoV2 pandemic would worsen the situation in future, mainly due to the lack of new/next generation of antimicrobials. In this context, nanoscale materials with antimicrobial potential have a great promise to treat deadly pathogens. These functional materials are uniquely positioned to effectively interfere with the bacterial systems and augment biofilm penetration. Most importantly, the core substance, surface chemistry, shape, and size of nanomaterials define their efficacy while avoiding the development of AMR. Here, we review the mechanisms of AMR and emerging applications of nanoscale functional materials as an excellent substitute for conventional antibiotics. We discuss the potential, promises, challenges and prospects of nanobiotics to combat AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanika Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Diksha Jha
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Indrajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, 110007, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Singh Gaurav
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Kalisvar Marimuthu
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore, 308442, Singapore.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), 308433, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon-Tek Ng
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore, 308442, Singapore.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), 308433, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Ocular Infections and Anti-Microbials Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Academic Clinical Program in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore. .,National Skin Centre, Singapore, 308205, Singapore.
| | - Hemant K Gautam
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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23
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Feriotti C, Sá-Pessoa J, Calderón-González R, Gu L, Morris B, Sugisawa R, Insua JL, Carty M, Dumigan A, Ingram RJ, Kissenpfening A, Bowie AG, Bengoechea JA. Klebsiella pneumoniae hijacks the Toll-IL-1R protein SARM1 in a type I IFN-dependent manner to antagonize host immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111167. [PMID: 35947948 PMCID: PMC9638020 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens antagonize host defense responses by translocating effector proteins into cells. It remains an open question how those pathogens not encoding effectors counteract anti-bacterial immunity. Here, we show that Klebsiella pneumoniae exploits the evolutionary conserved innate protein SARM1 to regulate negatively MyD88- and TRIF-governed inflammation, and the activation of the MAP kinases ERK and JNK. SARM1 is required for Klebsiella induction of interleukin-10 (IL-10) by fine-tuning the p38-type I interferon (IFN) axis. SARM1 inhibits the activation of Klebsiella-induced absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome to limit IL-1β production, suppressing further inflammation. Klebsiella exploits type I IFNs to induce SARM1 in a capsule and lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide-dependent manner via the TLR4-TRAM-TRIF-IRF3-IFNAR1 pathway. Absence of SARM1 reduces the intracellular survival of K. pneumoniae in macrophages, whereas sarm1-deficient mice control the infection. Altogether, our results illustrate an anti-immunology strategy deployed by a human pathogen. SARM1 inhibition will show a beneficial effect to treat Klebsiella infections. SARM1 is an evolutionary conserved innate immune protein with a TIR domain Klebsiella pneumoniae induces SARM1 to limit inflammation, and to induce IL-10 SARM1 inhibits the action of AIM2 inflammasome to limit IL-1β production In vivo, absence of SARM1 facilitates the clearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feriotti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Joana Sá-Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Ricardo Calderón-González
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Lili Gu
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brenda Morris
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Ryoichi Sugisawa
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jose L Insua
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael Carty
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Rebecca J Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Adrien Kissenpfening
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - José A Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK.
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24
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Krysenko S, Wohlleben W. Polyamine and Ethanolamine Metabolism in Bacteria as an Important Component of Nitrogen Assimilation for Survival and Pathogenicity. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:40. [PMID: 35997332 PMCID: PMC9397018 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element required for bacterial growth. It serves as a building block for the biosynthesis of macromolecules and provides precursors for secondary metabolites. Bacteria have developed the ability to use various nitrogen sources and possess two enzyme systems for nitrogen assimilation involving glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Microorganisms living in habitats with changeable availability of nutrients have developed strategies to survive under nitrogen limitation. One adaptation is the ability to acquire nitrogen from alternative sources including the polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine, as well as the monoamine ethanolamine. Bacterial polyamine and monoamine metabolism is not only important under low nitrogen availability, but it is also required to survive under high concentrations of these compounds. Such conditions can occur in diverse habitats such as soil, plant tissues and human cells. Strategies of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria to survive in the presence of poly- and monoamines offer the possibility to combat pathogens by using their capability to metabolize polyamines as an antibiotic drug target. This work aims to summarize the knowledge on poly- and monoamine metabolism in bacteria and its role in nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Krysenko
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Cross-Kingdom Infection of Macrophages Reveals Pathogen- and Immune-Specific Global Reprogramming and Adaptation. mBio 2022; 13:e0168722. [PMID: 35862772 PMCID: PMC9426421 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01687-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the human microbiota and infectious disease outcome is a rapidly expanding area of study. Understanding how the host responds to changes in its symbiotic relationship with microbes provides new insight into how disruption can promote disease.
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26
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Garcinuño S, Gil-Etayo FJ, Mancebo E, López-Nevado M, Lalueza A, Díaz-Simón R, Pleguezuelo DE, Serrano M, Cabrera-Marante O, Allende LM, Paz-Artal E, Serrano A. Effective Natural Killer Cell Degranulation Is an Essential Key in COVID-19 Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126577. [PMID: 35743021 PMCID: PMC9224310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NK degranulation plays an important role in the cytotoxic activity of innate immunity in the clearance of intracellular infections and is an important factor in the outcome of the disease. This work has studied NK degranulation and innate immunological profiles and functionalities in COVID-19 patients and its association with the severity of the disease. A prospective observational study with 99 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were grouped according to hospital requirements and severity. Innate immune cell subpopulations and functionalities were analyzed. The profile and functionality of innate immune cells differ between healthy controls and severe patients; CD56dim NK cells increased and MAIT cells and NK degranulation rates decreased in the COVID-19 subjects. Higher degranulation rates were observed in the non-severe patients and in the healthy controls compared to the severe patients. Benign forms of the disease had a higher granzymeA/granzymeB ratio than complex forms. In a multivariate analysis, the degranulation capacity resulted in a protective factor against severe forms of the disease (OR: 0.86), whereas the permanent expression of NKG2D in NKT cells was an independent risk factor (OR: 3.81; AUC: 0.84). In conclusion, a prompt and efficient degranulation functionality in the early stages of infection could be used as a tool to identify patients who will have a better evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Garcinuño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Etayo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Mancebo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta López-Nevado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
| | - Antonio Lalueza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Díaz-Simón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Enrique Pleguezuelo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabrera-Marante
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Allende
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-652-085-293
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27
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Stijlemans B, Schoovaerts M, De Baetselier P, Magez S, De Trez C. The Role of MIF and IL-10 as Molecular Yin-Yang in the Modulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment During Infections: African Trypanosome Infections as a Paradigm. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865395. [PMID: 35464430 PMCID: PMC9022210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomes are extracellular flagellated unicellular protozoan parasites transmitted by tsetse flies and causing Sleeping Sickness disease in humans and Nagana disease in cattle and other livestock. These diseases are usually characterized by the development of a fatal chronic inflammatory disease if left untreated. During African trypanosome infection and many other infectious diseases, the immune response is mediating a see-saw balance between effective/protective immunity and excessive infection-induced inflammation that can cause collateral tissue damage. African trypanosomes are known to trigger a strong type I pro-inflammatory response, which contributes to peak parasitaemia control, but this can culminate into the development of immunopathologies, such as anaemia and liver injury, if not tightly controlled. In this context, the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokines may operate as a molecular “Yin-Yang” in the modulation of the host immune microenvironment during African trypanosome infection, and possibly other infectious diseases. MIF is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine and critical upstream mediator of immune and inflammatory responses, associated with exaggerated inflammation and immunopathology. For example, it plays a crucial role in the pro-inflammatory response against African trypanosomes and other pathogens, thereby promoting the development of immunopathologies. On the other hand, IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, acting as a master regulator of inflammation during both African trypanosomiasis and other diseases. IL-10 is crucial to counteract the strong MIF-induced pro-inflammatory response, leading to pathology control. Hence, novel strategies capable of blocking MIF and/or promoting IL-10 receptor signaling pathways, could potentially be used as therapy to counteract immunopathology development during African trypanosome infection, as well as during other infectious conditions. Together, this review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the opposite immunopathological molecular “Yin-Yang” switch roles of MIF and IL-10 in the modulation of the host immune microenvironment during infection, and more particularly during African trypanosomiasis as a paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Stijlemans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Schoovaerts
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Carl De Trez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Emelianova AG, Petrova NV, Fremez C, Fontanié M, Tarasov SА, Epstein ОI. Therapeutic potential of highly diluted antibodies in antibiotic-resistant infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Poerio N, Olimpieri T, Henrici De Angelis L, De Santis F, Thaller MC, D’Andrea MM, Fraziano M. Fighting MDR-Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections by a Combined Host- and Pathogen-Directed Therapeutic Approach. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835417. [PMID: 35237274 PMCID: PMC8884248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that is very difficult to treat mainly due to its high propensity to acquire complex resistance traits. Notably, multidrug resistance (MDR)-Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) infections are responsible for 22%–72% of mortality among hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. Although treatments with new drugs or with combined antibiotic therapies have some degree of success, there is still the urgency to investigate and develop an efficient approach against MDR-KP infections. In this study, we have evaluated, in an in vitro model of human macrophages, the efficacy of a combined treatment consisting of apoptotic body-like liposomes loaded with phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (ABL/PI5P) and φBO1E, a lytic phage specific for the major high-risk clone of KPC-positive MDR-KP. Results show that ABL/PI5P did not affect in a direct manner KKBO-1 viability, being able to reduce only the intracellular KKBO-1 bacterial load. As expected, φBO1E was effective mainly on reducing extracellular bacilli. Importantly, the combination of both treatments resulted in a simultaneous reduction of both intracellular and extracellular bacilli. Moreover, the combined treatment of KKBO-1-infected cells reduced proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory TGF-β cytokine production. Overall, our data support the therapeutic value of a combined host- and pathogen-directed therapy as a promising approach, alternative to single treatments, to simultaneously target intracellular and extracellular pathogens and improve the clinical management of patients infected with MDR pathogens such as MDR-KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Poerio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Olimpieri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Henrici De Angelis
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Fraziano,
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30
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Wanford JJ, Hames RG, Carreno D, Jasiunaite Z, Chung WY, Arena F, Di Pilato V, Straatman K, West K, Farzand R, Pizza M, Martinez-Pomares L, Andrew PW, Moxon ER, Dennison AR, Rossolini GM, Oggioni MR. Interaction of Klebsiella pneumoniae with tissue macrophages in a mouse infection model and ex-vivo pig organ perfusions: an exploratory investigation. THE LANCET MICROBE 2021; 2:e695-e703. [PMID: 34901898 PMCID: PMC8641047 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Wanford
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ryan G Hames
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David Carreno
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Zydrune Jasiunaite
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Wen Y Chung
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Fabio Arena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Kevin West
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robeena Farzand
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Luisa Martinez-Pomares
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter W Andrew
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Ashley R Dennison
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Firenze Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco R Oggioni
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Farmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence to: Prof Marco R Oggioni, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
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31
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Yang X, Qiu Q, Liu G, Ren H, Wang X, Lovell JF, Zhang Y. Traceless antibiotic-crosslinked micelles for rapid clearance of intracellular bacteria. J Control Release 2021; 341:329-340. [PMID: 34843813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of antimicrobial agents to intracellular pathogens represents a major bottleneck for a wide variety of infectious diseases. To address this, we developed SIR-micelles(+), as a new delivery vehicle comprising antibiotic-loaded micelles with rapid self-immolation within cells for targeted delivery to macrophages, where most intracellular bacterial reside. After phagocytosis, SIR-micelles(+) rapidly release the pristine antibiotic after the cleavage of the disulfide bonds by intracellular reducing agents such as glutathione (GSH). Colistin, a hydrophilic and potent "last-resort" antibiotic used for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infection, was encapsulated in SIR-micelles with 40% yield and good short-term storage stability. Hydrophobic moieties and mannose ligands in SIR-micelles(+) enhanced the delivery of colistin into macrophages. The traceless and thiol-responsive release of colistin effectively eliminated intracellular Escherichia coli within twenty minutes. In a murine pneumonia model, SIR-micelles(+) significantly reduced bacterial lung burden of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, SIR-micelles(+) improved the survival rate and reduced the bacterial burden of organs infected by intracellular bacteria transferred from donor mice. Using this formulation approach, the nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by antibiotic were reduced by about 5- 15 fold. Thus, SIR-micelles(+) represent a new class of material that can be used for targeting treatment of intracellular and drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qian Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Gengqi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - He Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Balaska A, Polonyfi K, Rigatou A, Miliotis G, Margaroni M, Daikos GL, Drogari-Apiranthitou M. Induction of innate immune responses by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of the pandemic sequence type 258-clade I. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000275. [PMID: 35018322 PMCID: PMC8742589 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae
-carbapenemase-producing
K. pneumoniae
(KPC) sequence-type 258 (ST258) has emerged as an important human pathogen throughout the world. Although lacking known virulence factors, it is associated with significant morbidity and high mortality rates. The pathogenicity of KPC
K. pneumoniae
ST258 strains has not been fully elucidated yet. We sought to investigate the interactions of the KPC
K. pneumoniae
ST258-clade I with different components of innate immunity. Human serum was used to evaluate the serum bactericidal activity and the J774A.1 murine (BALB/c mice) macrophage cell-line was used to examine phagocytosis, mRNA expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. L-78, a KPC-producing
K. pneumoniae
ST258-clade I strain was used as representative of the strains circulating in Greek hospitals.
K. pneumoniae
ATCC 43816, a virulent K2 strain, was used for comparison. Strain L-78 was susceptible to human serum and rapidly phagocytosed by J774A.1 cells, in contrast to the virulent K2 strain, which was serum-resistant and slowly phagocytosed. Stimulation of the J774A.1 cells with the L-78 strain induced production of IL-1β at concentration levels significantly higher compared to K2, whereas production of TNF-α and IL-6 levels were comparable by the two strains. L-78 was able to induce IL-1β mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA expression. Our findings indicate that
K. pneumoniae
ST258-clade I is serum sensitive, rapidly phagocytosed and is capable of eliciting adequate innate immune response in terms of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Balaska
- Hellenic National Public Health Organization (EODY), Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Polonyfi
- First Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Rigatou
- First Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Miliotis
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maritsa Margaroni
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - George L. Daikos
- First Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Drogari-Apiranthitou
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General University Hospital “Attikon”, Athens, Greece
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Opoku-Temeng C, Malachowa N, Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR. Innate Host Defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae and the Outlook for Development of Immunotherapies. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:167-181. [PMID: 34628410 DOI: 10.1159/000518679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a Gram-negative commensal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen. In healthy individuals, the innate immune system is adept at protecting against K. pneumoniae infection. Notably, the serum complement system and phagocytic leukocytes (e.g., neutrophils) are highly effective at eliminating K. pneumoniae and thereby preventing severe disease. On the other hand, the microbe is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections, especially in individuals with underlying susceptibility factors, such as pre-existing severe illness or immune suppression. The burden of K. pneumoniae infections in hospitals is compounded by antibiotic resistance. Treatment of these infections is often difficult largely because the microbes are usually resistant to multiple antibiotics (multidrug resistant [MDR]). There are a limited number of treatment options for these infections and new therapies, and preventative measures are needed. Here, we review host defense against K. pneumoniae and discuss recent therapeutic measures and vaccine approaches directed to treat and prevent severe disease caused by MDR K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Natalia Malachowa
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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34
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Formulation strategies for bacteriophages to target intracellular bacterial pathogens. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113864. [PMID: 34271022 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (Phages) are antibacterial viruses that are unaffected by antibiotic drug resistance. Many Phase I and Phase II phage therapy clinical trials have shown acceptable safety profiles. However, none of the completed trials could yield data supporting the promising observations noted in the experimental phage therapy. These trials have mainly focused on phage suspensions without enough attention paid to the stability of phage during processing, storage, and administration. This is important because in vivo studies have shown that the effectiveness of phage therapy greatly depends on the ratio of phage to bacterial concentrations (multiplicity of infection) at the infection site. Additionally, bacteria can evade phages through the development of phage-resistance and intracellular residence. This review focuses on the use of phage therapy against bacteria that survive within the intracellular niches. Recent research on phage behavior reveals that some phage can directly interact with, get internalized into, and get transcytosed across mammalian cells, prompting further research on the governing mechanisms of these interactions and the feasibility of harnessing therapeutic phage to target intracellular bacteria. Advances to improve the capability of phage attacking intracellular bacteria using formulation approaches such as encapsulating/conjugating phages into/with vector carriers via liposomes, polymeric particles, inorganic nanoparticles, and cell penetrating peptides, are summarized. While promising progress has been achieved, research in this area is still in its infancy and warrants further attention.
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35
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Infectious Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7634. [PMID: 34299266 PMCID: PMC8308003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbations largely determine the character of the progression and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exacerbations are connected with changes in the microbiological landscape in the bronchi due to a violation of their immune homeostasis. Many metabolic and immune processes involved in COPD progression are associated with bacterial colonization of the bronchi. The objective of this review is the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism and immune response disorders in the lungs in COPD exacerbations. The complex role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of some infections is only beginning to be understood, however, there are already fewer and fewer doubts even now about its significance both in the pathogenesis of infectious exacerbations of COPD and in general in the progression of the disease. It is shown that the lipid rafts of the plasma membranes of cells are involved in many processes related to the detection of pathogens, signal transduction, the penetration of pathogens into the cell. Smoking disrupts the normally proceeded processes of lipid metabolism in the lungs, which is a part of the COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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Bulati M, Busà R, Carcione C, Iannolo G, Di Mento G, Cuscino N, Di Gesù R, Piccionello AP, Buscemi S, Carreca AP, Barbera F, Monaco F, Cardinale F, Conaldi PG, Douradinha B. Klebsiella pneumoniae Lipopolysaccharides Serotype O2afg Induce Poor Inflammatory Immune Responses Ex Vivo. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061317. [PMID: 34204279 PMCID: PMC8234205 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a pathogen of clinical relevance due to its plastic ability of acquiring resistance genes to multiple antibiotics. During K. pneumoniae infections, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play an ambiguous role as they both activate immune responses but can also play a role in immune evasion. The LPS O2a and LPS O2afg serotypes are prevalent in most multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae strains. Thus, we sought to understand if those two particular LPS serotypes were involved in a mechanism of immune evasion. We have extracted LPS (serotypes O1, O2a and O2afg) from K. pneumoniae strains and, using human monocytes ex vivo, we assessed the ability of those LPS antigens to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We observed that, when human monocytes are incubated with LPS serotypes O1, O2a or O2afg strains, O2afg and, to a lesser extent, O2a but not O1 failed to elicit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which suggests a role in immune evasion. Our preliminary data also shows that nuclear translocation of NF-κB, a process which regulates an immune response against infections, occurs in monocytes incubated with LPS O1 and, to a smaller extent, with LPS O2a, but not with the LPS serotype O2afg. Our results indicate that multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae expressing LPS O2afg serotypes avoid an initial inflammatory immune response and, consequently, are able to systematically spread inside the host unharmed, which results in the several pathologies associated with this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bulati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Claudia Carcione
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (R.D.G.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Di Mento
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Nicola Cuscino
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Roberto Di Gesù
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (R.D.G.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies-STEBICEF, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Silvestre Buscemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies-STEBICEF, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.P.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Floriana Barbera
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Bruno Douradinha
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta, Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (R.B.); (G.I.); (G.D.M.); (N.C.); (F.B.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (P.G.C.)
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (R.D.G.); (A.P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2192649; Fax: +39-091-2192423
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Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Understanding biology promotes applications as nanopharmaceuticals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:125-140. [PMID: 33774113 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication between proximal and distant cells is a highly conserved characteristic in all of the life domains, including bacteria. These vesicles that contain a variety of biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small-molecule metabolites play a key role in the biology of bacteria. They are one of the key underlying mechanisms behind harmful or beneficial effects of many pathogenic, symbiont, and probiotic bacteria. These nanoscale EVs mediate extensive crosstalk with mammalian cells and deliver their cargos to the host. They are stable in physiological condition, can encapsulate diverse biomolecules and nanoparticles, and their surface could be engineered with available technologies. Based on favorable characteristics of bacterial vesicles, they can be harnessed for designing a diverse range of therapeutics and diagnostics for treatment of disorders including tumors and resistant infections. However, technical limitations for their production, purification, and characterization must be addressed in future studies.
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Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found within host-associated commensal microbiomes, but they can also cause a wide range of infections that are often difficult to treat. These infections are caused by different pathotypes of K. pneumoniae, called either classical or hypervirulent strains. Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found within host-associated commensal microbiomes, but they can also cause a wide range of infections that are often difficult to treat. These infections are caused by different pathotypes of K. pneumoniae, called either classical or hypervirulent strains. These two groups are genetically distinct, inhabit nonoverlapping geographies, and cause different types of harmful infections in humans. These distinct bacterial groups have also been found to interact differently with the host immune system. Initial innate immune defenses against K. pneumoniae infection include complement, macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes; these defenses are primary strategies employed by the host to clear infections. K. pneumoniae pathogenesis depends upon the interactions between the microbe and each of these host defenses, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that bacterial genetic diversity impacts the outcomes of these interactions. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of K. pneumoniae pathogenesis, with a focus on how bacterial evolution and diversity impact K. pneumoniae interactions with mammalian innate immune host defenses. We also discuss outstanding questions regarding how K. pneumoniae can frustrate normal immune responses, capitalize upon states of immunocompromise, and cause infections with high mortality.
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Koskinen K, Penttinen R, Örmälä-Odegrip AM, Giske CG, Ketola T, Jalasvuori M. Systematic Comparison of Epidemic and Non-Epidemic Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:599924. [PMID: 33708644 PMCID: PMC7940544 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.599924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, extensively drug resistant (XDR) resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a notable burden to healthcare all over the world. Especially carbapenemase-producing strains are problematic due to their capability to withstand even last resort antibiotics. Some sequence types (STs) of K. pneumoniae are significantly more prevalent in hospital settings in comparison to other equally resistant strains. This provokes the question whether or not there are phenotypic characteristics that may render certain K. pneumoniae more suitable for epidemic dispersal between patients, hospitals, and different environments. In this study, we selected seven epidemic and non-epidemic carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae isolates for extensive systematic characterization for phenotypic and genotypic qualities in order to identify potential factors that precede or emerge from epidemic successfulness. Studied characteristics include growth rates and densities in different conditions (media, temperature, pH, resource levels), tolerance to alcohol and drought, inhibition between strains, ability to compensate pH, as well as various genomic features. Overall, there are clear differences between isolates, yet, only drought tolerance was found to notably associate with non-epidemic K. pneumoniae strains. We further report a preliminary study on the potential to control K. pneumoniae ST11 with an antimicrobial component produced by a non-epidemic K. pneumoniae. This component initially restricts bacterial growth, but stable resistance develops rapidly in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Koskinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Anni-Maria Örmälä-Odegrip
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian G Giske
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tarmo Ketola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Matti Jalasvuori
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Schmalstig AA, Freidy S, Hanafin PO, Braunstein M, Rao GG. Reapproaching Old Treatments: Considerations for PK/PD Studies on Phage Therapy for Bacterial Respiratory Infections. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:1443-1456. [PMID: 33615463 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacterial respiratory infections are a significant global health burden, and new therapeutic strategies are needed to control the problem. For bacterial respiratory infections, this need is emphasized by the rise in antibiotic resistance and a lean drug development pipeline. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a promising alternative to antibiotics. Phage are viruses that infect and kill bacteria. Because phage and antibiotics differ in their bactericidal mechanisms, phage are a treatment option for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we review the history of phage therapy and highlight recent preclinical and clinical case reports of its use for treating antibiotic-resistant respiratory infections. The ability of phage to replicate while killing the bacteria is both a benefit for treatment and a challenge for pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies. In this review, we will discuss how the phage lifecycle and associated bidirectional interactions between phage and bacteria can impact treatment. We will also highlight PK/PD considerations for designing studies of phage therapy to optimize the efficacy and feasibility of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Schmalstig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Soha Freidy
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick O Hanafin
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miriam Braunstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gauri G Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Sukumaran A, Pladwig S, Geddes-McAlister J. Zinc limitation in Klebsiella pneumoniae profiled by quantitative proteomics influences transcriptional regulation and cation transporter-associated capsule production. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:43. [PMID: 33568055 PMCID: PMC7874612 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial organisms encounter a variety of environmental conditions, including changes to metal ion availability. Metal ions play an important role in many biological processes for growth and survival. As such, microbes alter their cellular protein levels and secretion patterns in adaptation to a changing environment. This study focuses on Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections. By using K. pneumoniae, we aim to determine how a nutrient-limited environment (e.g., zinc depletion) modulates the cellular proteome and secretome of the bacterium. By testing virulence in vitro, we provide novel insight into bacterial responses to limited environments in the presence of the host. Results Analysis of intra- and extracellular changes identified 2380 proteins from the total cellular proteome (cell pellet) and 246 secreted proteins (supernatant). Specifically, HutC, a repressor of the histidine utilization operon, showed significantly increased abundance under zinc-replete conditions, which coincided with an expected reduction in expression of genes within the hut operon from our validating qRT-PCR analysis. Additionally, we characterized a putative cation transport regulator, ChaB that showed significantly higher abundance under zinc-replete vs. -limited conditions, suggesting a role in metal ion homeostasis. Phenotypic analysis of a chaB deletion strain demonstrated a reduction in capsule production, zinc-dependent growth and ion utilization, and reduced virulence when compared to the wild-type strain. Conclusions This is first study to comprehensively profile the impact of zinc availability on the proteome and secretome of K. pneumoniae and uncover a novel connection between zinc transport and capsule production in the bacterial system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02091-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sukumaran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Pladwig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Geddes-McAlister
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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The PTS Components in Klebsiella pneumoniae Affect Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharide Production and Macrophage Phagocytosis Resistance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020335. [PMID: 33567595 PMCID: PMC7914778 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a crucial virulence factor for Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. We demonstrated an association of CPS production with two phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems (PTSs). Deficiency of crr, encoding enzyme IIA of PTS, in K. pneumoniae enhanced the transcriptional activities of galF, wzi and gnd, which are in the cps gene cluster, leading to high CPS production. A crr mutant exhibited a higher survival rate in 1% hydrogen peroxide than the wild-type. The crr mutant showed less sensitivity to engulfment by macrophage (RAW 264.7) than the wild-type by observing the intracellular bacteria using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and by calculating the colony-forming units (CFU) of intracellular bacteria. After long-term incubation, the survival rate of the intracellular crr mutant was higher than that of the wild-type. Deficiency of crr enhanced the transcriptional activities of etcABC which encodes another putative enzyme II complex of a PTS. Deletion of etcABC in the crr mutant reduced CPS production and the transcriptional activities of galF compared to those of the crr mutant. These results indicated that one PTS component, Crr, represses CPS production by repressing another PTS component, EtcABC, in K. pneumoniae. In addition, PTS plays a role in bacterial resistance to macrophage phagocytosis.
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43
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Townsend EM, Moat J, Jameson E. CAUTI's next top model - Model dependent Klebsiella biofilm inhibition by bacteriophages and antimicrobials. Biofilm 2020; 2:100038. [PMID: 33381752 PMCID: PMC7762788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella infections, including catheter associated urinary tract infections, are a considerable burden on health care systems. This is due to their difficulty to treat, caused by antimicrobial resistance and their ability to form biofilms. In this study, we investigated the use of a Klebsiella phage cocktail to reduce biofilm viability. We used two methodologies to investigate this, a standard 96-well plate assay and a more complicated Foley catheter-based model. The phage cocktail was used alone and in combination with clinically relevant antibiotic treatments. Viability was measured by both a resazurin based stain and colony forming unit counts, of cells sloughed off from the biofilm. We showed that phage infection dynamics and host survival vary significantly in different standard laboratory media, presumably due to the expression of different surface receptors and capsule composition by the bacteria effecting phage binding. This underscores the importance of a realistic model for developing phage therapy. We demonstrate that bacteriophage-based treatments are a viable option for preventing Klebsiella colonisation and biofilm formation on urinary catheters. Phage cocktails were able to significantly reduce the amount of biofilm that formed when they were present during early biofilm formation. The phages used in this study were unable to significantly reduce a pre-formed mature biofilm, despite encoding depolymerases. Phages applied together with antimicrobial treatments, showed synergistic interactions, in some cases the combined treatment was much more effective than antimicrobial treatments alone. We show that phage cocktails have the potential to prevent Klebsiella biofilms in catheters, if used early or as a preventative treatment and will work well alongside standard antibiotics in the treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M. Townsend
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - John Moat
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Jameson
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Peñaloza HF, Ahn D, Schultz BM, Piña-Iturbe A, González LA, Bueno SM. L-Arginine Enhances Intracellular Killing of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 by Murine Neutrophils. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:571771. [PMID: 33282749 PMCID: PMC7691228 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.571771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 (CRKP-ST258) are a global concern due to their rapid dissemination, high lethality, antibiotic resistance and resistance to components of the immune response, such as neutrophils. Neutrophils are major host mediators, able to kill well-studied and antibiotic-sensitive laboratory reference strains of K. pneumoniae. However, CRKP-ST258 are able to evade neutrophil phagocytic killing, persisting longer in the host despite robust neutrophil recruitment. Here, we show that neutrophils are unable to clear a CRKP-ST258 isolate (KP35). Compared to the response elicited by a prototypic K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (KPPR1), the neutrophil intracellular response against KP35 is characterized by equivalent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myeloperoxidase content, but impaired phagosomal acidification. Our results ruled out that this phenomenon is due to a phagocytosis defect, as we observed similar efficiency of phagocytosis by neutrophils infected with KP35 or KPPR1. Genomic analysis of the cps loci of KPPR1 and KP35 suggest that the capsule composition of KP35 explain the high phagocytosis efficiency by neutrophils. Consistent with other reports, we show that KP35 did not induce DNA release by neutrophils and KPPR1 only induced it at 3 h, when most of the bacteria have already been cleared. l-arginine metabolism has been identified as an important modulator of the host immune response and positively regulate T cells, macrophages and neutrophils in response to microbes. Our data show that l-arginine supplementation improved phagosome acidification, increased ROS production and enhanced nitric oxide consumption by neutrophils in response to KP35. The enhanced intracellular response observed after l-arginine supplementation ultimately improved KP35 clearance in vitro. KP35 was able to dysregulate the intracellular microbicidal machinery of neutrophils to survive in the intracellular environment. This process, however, can be reversed after l-arginine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bárbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Hu Y, Anes J, Devineau S, Fanning S. Klebsiella pneumoniae: Prevalence, Reservoirs, Antimicrobial Resistance, Pathogenicity, and Infection: A Hitherto Unrecognized Zoonotic Bacterium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:63-84. [PMID: 33124929 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered an opportunistic pathogen, constituting an ongoing health concern for immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and neonates. Reports on the isolation of K. pneumoniae from other sources are increasing, many of which express multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Three phylogroups were identified based on nucleotide differences. Niche environments, including plants, animals, and humans appear to be colonized by different phylogroups, among which KpI (K. pneumoniae) is commonly associated with human infection. Infections with K. pneumoniae can be transmitted through contaminated food or water and can be associated with community-acquired infections or between persons and animals involved in hospital-acquired infections. Increasing reports are describing detections along the food chain, suggesting the possibility exists that this could be a hitherto unexplored reservoir for this opportunistic bacterial pathogen. Expression of MDR phenotypes elaborated by these bacteria is due to the nature of various plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-encoding genes, and is a challenge to animal, environmental, and human health alike. Raman spectroscopy has the potential to provide for the rapid identification and screening of antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella isolates. Moreover, hypervirulent isolates linked with extraintestinal infections express phenotypes that may support their niche adaptation. In this review, the prevalence, reservoirs, AMR, Raman spectroscopy detection, and pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae are summarized and various extraintestinal infection pathways are further narrated to extend our understanding of its adaptation and survival ability in reservoirs, and associated disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - João Anes
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Defining principles that influence antimicrobial peptide activity against capsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27620-27626. [PMID: 33087568 PMCID: PMC7959497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007036117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae is composed of extracellular polysaccharides that inhibit the activity of host defense peptides and polymyxins. We generated an active antimicrobial peptide from a previously inactive parental peptide and characterized the interactions of these peptides with K. pneumoniae and its capsule. Compared with the inactive parent peptide, we found that our active peptide retained strong binding to capsule but lost structural integrity. These interactions induced capsule aggregation and capsule disruption, a previously undescribed mechanism for promoting antimicrobial activity toward K. pneumoniae. This finding may allow further exploitation of this mechanism to destroy the protective capsule that K. pneumoniae uses to resist our immune response and antibiotics. The extracellular polysaccharide capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae resists penetration by antimicrobials and protects the bacteria from the innate immune system. Host antimicrobial peptides are inactivated by the capsule as it impedes their penetration to the bacterial membrane. While the capsule sequesters most peptides, a few antimicrobial peptides have been identified that retain activity against encapsulated K. pneumoniae, suggesting that this bacterial defense can be overcome. However, it is unclear what factors allow peptides to avoid capsule inhibition. To address this, we created a peptide analog with strong antimicrobial activity toward several K. pneumoniae strains from a previously inactive peptide. We characterized the effects of these two peptides on K. pneumoniae, along with their physical interactions with K. pneumoniae capsule. Both peptides disrupted bacterial cell membranes, but only the active peptide displayed this activity against capsulated K. pneumoniae. Unexpectedly, the active peptide showed no decrease in capsule binding, but did lose secondary structure in a capsule-dependent fashion compared with the inactive parent peptide. We found that these characteristics are associated with capsule-peptide aggregation, leading to disruption of the K. pneumoniae capsule. Our findings reveal a potential mechanism for disrupting the protective barrier that K. pneumoniae uses to avoid the immune system and last-resort antibiotics.
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Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae has been singled out as an urgent threat to human health due to the increasing isolation of strains resistant to “last-line” antimicrobials, narrowing the treatment options against Klebsiella infections. Unfortunately, at present, we cannot identify candidate compounds in late-stage development for treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella infections; this pathogen is exemplary of the mismatch between unmet medical needs and the current antimicrobial research and development pipeline. Furthermore, there is still limited evidence on K. pneumoniae pathogenesis at the molecular and cellular levels in the context of the interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. In this research, we have uncovered a sophisticated strategy employed by Klebsiella to subvert the activation of immune defenses by controlling the modification of proteins. Our research may open opportunities to develop new therapeutics based on counteracting this Klebsiella-controlled immune evasion strategy. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of multidrug-resistant infections worldwide. Understanding the virulence mechanisms of K. pneumoniae is a priority and timely to design new therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that K. pneumoniae limits the SUMOylation of host proteins in epithelial cells and macrophages (mouse and human) to subvert cell innate immunity. Mechanistically, in lung epithelial cells, Klebsiella increases the levels of the deSUMOylase SENP2 in the cytosol by affecting its K48 ubiquitylation and its subsequent degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome. This is dependent on Klebsiella preventing the NEDDylation of the Cullin-1 subunit of the ubiquitin ligase complex E3-SCF-βTrCP by exploiting the CSN5 deNEDDylase. Klebsiella induces the expression of CSN5 in an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) signaling pathway-dependent manner. In macrophages, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-TRAM-TRIF-induced type I interferon (IFN) via IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-controlled signaling mediates Klebsiella-triggered decrease in the levels of SUMOylation via let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs). Our results revealed the crucial role played by Klebsiella polysaccharides, the capsule, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide, to decrease the levels of SUMO-conjugated proteins in epithelial cells and macrophages. A Klebsiella-induced decrease in SUMOylation promotes infection by limiting the activation of inflammatory responses and increasing intracellular survival in macrophages.
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48
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The Role of IgG Subclass in Antibody-Mediated Protection against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02059-20. [PMID: 32900809 PMCID: PMC7482069 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02059-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is an urgent public health threat that causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts. Its resistance to nearly all antibiotics necessitates novel strategies to treat it, including the use of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are emerging as important adjuncts to traditional pharmaceuticals, and studying how they protect against specific bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae is crucial to their development as effective therapies. Antibody subclass is often overlooked but is a major factor in how an antibody interacts with other mediators of immunity. This paper is the first to examine how the subclass of anticapsular monoclonal antibodies can affect efficacy against CR-Kp. Additionally, this work sheds light on the viability of monoclonal antibody therapy in neutropenic patients, who are most vulnerable to CR-Kp infection. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have the potential to assist in the battle against multidrug-resistant bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp). However, the characteristics by which these antibodies (Abs) function, such as the role of antibody subclass, must be determined before such modalities can be carried from the bench to the bedside. We performed a subclass switch on anticapsular monoclonal murine IgG3 (mIgG3) hybridomas and identified and purified a murine IgG1 (mIgG1) hybridoma line through sib selection. We then compared the ability of the mIgG1 and mIgG3 antibodies to control CR-Kp sequence type 258 (ST258) infection both in vitro and in vivo. We found by enzyme-limited immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry that mIgG3 has superior binding to the CR-Kp capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and superior agglutinating ability compared to mIgG1. The mIgG3 also, predictably, had better complement-mediated serum bactericidal activity than the mIgG1 and also promoted neutrophil-mediated killing at concentrations lower than that of the mIgG1. In contrast, the mIgG1 had marginally better activity in improving macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. Comparing their activities in a pulmonary infection model with wild-type as well as neutropenic mice, both antibodies reduced organ burden in a nonlethal challenge, regardless of neutrophil status, with mIgG1 having the highest overall burden reduction in both scenarios. However, at a lethal inoculum, both antibodies showed reduced efficacy in neutropenic mice, with mIgG3 retaining the most activity. These findings suggest the viability of monoclonal Ab adjunctive therapy in neutropenic patients that cannot mount their own immune response, while also providing some insight into the relative contributions of immune mediators in CR-Kp protection.
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Innate Effector Systems in Primary Human Macrophages Sensitize Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae to Antibiotics. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00186-20. [PMID: 32513857 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00186-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. Thus, alternative strategies to control the growth of MDR Klebsiella are warranted. We hypothesized that activation of innate effector systems could sensitize MDR K. pneumoniae to conventional antibiotics. Thus, human primary macrophages were stimulated with compounds known to activate innate immunity (vitamin D3, phenylbutyrate [PBA], and the aroylated phenylenediamine HO53) and then infected with MDR Klebsiella in the presence or absence of antibiotics. Antibiotics alone were ineffective against MDR Klebsiella in the cellular model, whereas vitamin D3, PBA, and HO53 reduced intracellular growth by up to 70%. The effect was further improved when the innate activators were combined with antibiotics. Vitamin D3- and PBA-induced bacterial killing was dependent on CAMP gene expression, whereas HO53 needed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as shown in cells where the CYBB gene was silenced and in cells from a patient with reduced ROS production due to a deletion in the CYBB gene and skewed lyonization. The combination of innate effector activation by vitamin D3, PBA, and HO53 was effective in sensitizing MDR Klebsiella to conventional antibiotics in a primary human macrophage model. This study provides new evidence for future treatment options for K. pneumoniae.
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50
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De Oliveira DMP, Forde BM, Kidd TJ, Harris PNA, Schembri MA, Beatson SA, Paterson DL, Walker MJ. Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 23:788-99. [PMID: 32404435 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE ( Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens represent a global threat to human health. The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes by ESKAPE pathogens has reduced the treatment options for serious infections, increased the burden of disease, and increased death rates due to treatment failure and requires a coordinated global response for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. This looming health threat has restimulated interest in the development of new antimicrobial therapies, has demanded the need for better patient care, and has facilitated heightened governance over stewardship practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M P De Oliveira
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian M Forde
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy J Kidd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
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