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Kong Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, He Y, Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Cui F. Nucleic acid aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of serum P-tau231 and the instant screening test of Alzheimer's disease. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:328. [PMID: 38743383 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The instant screening of patients with a tendency towards developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is significant for providing preventive measures and treatment. However, the current imaging-based technology cannot meet the requirements in the early stage. Developing biosensor-based liquid biopsy technology could be overcoming this bottleneck problem. Herein, we developed a simple, low-cost, and sensitive electrochemical aptamer biosensor for detecting phosphorylated tau protein threonine 231 (P-tau231), the earliest and one of the most efficacious abnormally elevated biomarkers of AD. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrochemically synthesized on a glassy carbon electrode as the transducer, exhibiting excellent conductivity, and were applied to amplify the electrochemical signal. A nucleic acid aptamer was designed as the receptor to capture the P-tau231 protein, specifically through the formation of an aptamer-antigen complex. The proposed biosensor showed excellent sensitivity in detecting P-tau 231, with a broad linear detection range from 10 to 107 pg/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.31 pg/mL. The recoveries of the biosensor in human serum ranged from 97.59 to 103.26%, demonstrating that the biosensor could be used in complex practical samples. In addition, the results showed that the developed biosensor has good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, which provides a novel method for the early screening of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Kong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- The Heilongjiang Provincial Joint Laboratory of Basic Medicine and Multiple Organ System Diseases (International Cooperation), Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Chunhan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yifan He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ruiting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- The Heilongjiang Provincial Joint Laboratory of Basic Medicine and Multiple Organ System Diseases (International Cooperation), Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China.
| | - Feiyun Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- The Heilongjiang Provincial Joint Laboratory of Basic Medicine and Multiple Organ System Diseases (International Cooperation), Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China.
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Šimić G, Vukić V, Babić M, Banović M, Berečić I, Španić E, Zubčić K, Golubić AT, Barišić Kutija M, Merkler Šorgić A, Vogrinc Ž, Lehman I, Hof PR, Sertić J, Barišić N. Total tau in cerebrospinal fluid detects treatment responders among spinal muscular atrophy types 1-3 patients treated with nusinersen. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14051. [PMID: 36513962 PMCID: PMC10915981 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Considering the substantial variability in treatment response across patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), reliable markers for monitoring response to therapy and predicting treatment responders need to be identified. The study aimed to determine if measured concentrations of disease biomarkers (total tau protein, neurofilament light chain, and S100B protein) correlate with the duration of nusinersen treatment and with scores obtained using functional scales for the assessment of motor abilities. METHODS A total of 30 subjects with SMA treated with nusinersen between 2017 and 2021 at the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia, were included in this study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected by lumbar puncture prior to intrathecal application of nusinersen. Protein concentrations in CSF samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 26 subjects. The motor functions were assessed using functional motor scales. RESULTS The main finding was significantly decreased total tau correlating with the number of nusinersen doses and motor improvement in the first 18-24 months of treatment (in all SMA patients and SMA type 1 patients). Neurofilament light chain and S100B were not significantly changed after administration of nusinersen. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of total tau concentration in CSF is a reliable index for monitoring the biomarker and clinical response to nusinersen therapy in patients with SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Vana Vukić
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Marija Babić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Maria Banović
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivana Berečić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Klara Zubčić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Anja Tea Golubić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation ProtectionUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Ana Merkler Šorgić
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Željka Vogrinc
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivan Lehman
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's DiseaseIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jadranka Sertić
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Department of Medical Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Nina Barišić
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
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Ni YC, Lin ZK, Cheng CH, Pai MC, Chiu PY, Chang CC, Chang YT, Hung GU, Lin KJ, Hsiao IT, Lin CY, Yang HC. Classification Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia Using Physiological Data and ECD SPECT Images. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:365. [PMID: 38396404 PMCID: PMC10888136 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two most common forms of dementia. However, their neuropsychological and pathological features often overlap, making it difficult to distinguish between AD and VaD. In addition to clinical consultation and laboratory examinations, clinical dementia diagnosis in Taiwan will also include Tc-99m-ECD SPECT imaging examination. Through machine learning and deep learning technology, we explored the feasibility of using the above clinical practice data to distinguish AD and VaD. We used the physiological data (33 features) and Tc-99m-ECD SPECT images of 112 AD patients and 85 VaD patients in the Taiwanese Nuclear Medicine Brain Image Database to train the classification model. The results, after filtering by the number of SVM RFE 5-fold features, show that the average accuracy of physiological data in distinguishing AD/VaD is 81.22% and the AUC is 0.836; the average accuracy of training images using the Inception V3 model is 85% and the AUC is 0.95. Finally, Grad-CAM heatmap was used to visualize the areas of concern of the model and compared with the SPM analysis method to further understand the differences. This research method can quickly use machine learning and deep learning models to automatically extract image features based on a small amount of general clinical data to objectively distinguish AD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Ni
- Department of Radiation Protection, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Kun Lin
- Department of Radiation Protection, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Cheng
- Department of Radiation Protection, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Yi Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Uei Hung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Radiation Protection, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Protection, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
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Li Z, Fan Z, Zhang Q. The Associations of Phosphorylated Tau 181 and Tau 231 Levels in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid with Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:13-32. [PMID: 38339929 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood biomarkers like phosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau) are used to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) early. Increasing studies on cognitive function and blood or CSF p-tau levels are controversial. Objective Our study examined the potential of p-tau as a biomarker of cognitive status in normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant material through 12 January 2023. 5,017 participants from 20 studies-1,033 AD, 2,077 MCI, and 1,907 NC-were evaluated. Quantitative analysis provided continuous outcomes as SMDs with 95% CIs. Begg tested publication bias. Results MCI patients had lower CSF p-tau181 levels than AD patients (SMD =-0.60, 95% CI (-0.85, -0.36)) but higher than healthy controls (SMD = 0.67). AD/MCI patients had greater plasma p-tau181 levels than healthy people (SMD =-0.73, 95% CI (-1.04, -0.43)). MCI patients had significantly lower p-tau231 levels than AD patients in plasma and CSF (SMD =-0.90, 95% CI (-0.82, -0.45)). MCI patients showed greater CSF and plasma p-tau231 than healthy controls (SMD = 1.34, 95% CI (0.89, 1.79) and 0.43, (0.23, 0.64)). Plasma p-tau181/231 levels also distinguished the three categories. MCI patients had higher levels than healthy people, while AD patients had higher levels than MCI patients. Conclusions CSF p-tau181 and p-tau231 biomarkers distinguished AD, MCI, and healthy populations. Plasma-based p-tau181 and p-tau231 biomarkers for AD and MCI need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Li
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Chengdu, China
| | - Zixuan Fan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiamen Fifth Hospital, Fujian Xiamen, China
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Lepinay E, Cicchetti F. Tau: a biomarker of Huntington's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4070-4083. [PMID: 37749233 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective treatments for patients with Huntington's disease (HD)-a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive, motor and psychiatric impairments-is proving extremely challenging. While the monogenic nature of this condition enables to identify individuals at risk, robust biomarkers would still be extremely valuable to help diagnose disease onset and progression, and especially to confirm treatment efficacy. If measurements of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament levels, for example, have demonstrated use in recent clinical trials, other proteins may prove equal, if not greater, relevance as biomarkers. In fact, proteins such as tau could specifically be used to detect/predict cognitive affectations. We have herein reviewed the literature pertaining to the association between tau levels and cognitive states, zooming in on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury in which imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood samples have been interrogated or used to unveil a strong association between tau and cognition. Collectively, these areas of research have accrued compelling evidence to suggest tau-related measurements as both diagnostic and prognostic tools for clinical practice. The abundance of information retrieved in this niche of study has laid the groundwork for further understanding whether tau-related biomarkers may be applied to HD and guide future investigations to better understand and treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lepinay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Yang X, Qu H. Bibliometric review on biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease between 2000 and 2023. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34982. [PMID: 37682187 PMCID: PMC10489337 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia and frailty. Therefore, it is important to develop biomarkers that can diagnose these changes to improve the likelihood of monitoring and treating potential causes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between biomarkers and AD, identify journal publications and collaborators, and analyze keywords and research trends using a bibliometric method. METHODS We systematically searched for papers published in the Web of Science Core Collection database on biomarkers and AD. The search strategy was as follows: (TS) = (Alzheimer's OR Alzheimer's OR Alzheimer OR "Alzheimer's disease" OR "Alzheimer disease") AND TS = (biomarker OR biomarkers). Only articles and reviews were included as document types, with English as the primary language. The CiteSpace software was used to analyze the retrieved data on countries/regions, institutions, authors, published journals, and keywords. Simultaneously, the co-occurrence of the keywords was constructed. RESULTS There were 2625 articles on biomarkers and AD research published by 51 institutions located in 41 countries in 75 journals; the number of articles has shown an increasing trend over the past 20 years. Keywords analysis showed that Alzheimer's disease, cerebrospinal fluid, mild cognitive impairment, amyloid beta, and tau were also highly influential. CONCLUSION This was the first study to provide an overview of the current status of development, hot spots of study, and future trends in biomarkers for AD. These findings will provide useful information for researchers to explore trends and gaps in the field of biomarkers and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yang
- Department of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, China
| | - Huiling Qu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G. Photobiomodulation in Alzheimer's Disease-A Complementary Method to State-of-the-Art Pharmaceutical Formulations and Nanomedicine? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:916. [PMID: 36986776 PMCID: PMC10054386 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, usually develops slowly but gradually worsens. It accounts for approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide, and is recognized by WHO as a public health priority. Being a multifactorial disease, the origins of AD are not satisfactorily understood. Despite huge medical expenditures and attempts to discover new pharmaceuticals or nanomedicines in recent years, there is no cure for AD and not many successful treatments are available. The current review supports introspection on the latest scientific results from the specialized literature regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of brain photobiomodulation, as a complementary method with implications in AD. State-of-the-art pharmaceutical formulations, development of new nanoscale materials, bionanoformulations in current applications and perspectives in AD are highlighted. Another goal of this review was to discover and to speed transition to completely new paradigms for the multi-target management of AD, to facilitate brain remodeling through new therapeutic models and high-tech medical applications with light or lasers in the integrative nanomedicine of the future. In conclusion, new insights from this interdisciplinary approach, including the latest results from photobiomodulation (PBM) applied in human clinical trials, combined with the latest nanoscale drug delivery systems to easily overcome protective brain barriers, could open new avenues to rejuvenate our central nervous system, the most fascinating and complex organ. Picosecond transcranial laser stimulation could be successfully used to cross the blood-brain barrier together with the latest nanotechnologies, nanomedicines and drug delivery systems in AD therapy. Original, smart and targeted multifunctional solutions and new nanodrugs may soon be developed to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- President of ISLA (International Society for Medical Laser Applications), Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Forte N, Fernández-Rilo AC, Palomba L, Marfella B, Piscitelli F, De Girolamo P, Di Costanzo A, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Positive association between plasmatic levels of orexin A and the endocannabinoid-derived 2-arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1004002. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A regular sleep-wake cycle plays a positive function that preserves synaptic plasticity and brain activity from neuropathological injuries. The hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin-A (OX-A) is central in sleep-wake regulation and has been found to be over-expressed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suffering from sleep disturbances. OX-A promotes the biosynthesis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which, in turn, could be phosphorylated to 2-arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid (2-AGP). The reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during neurite retraction is one of the best-characterized effects of lysophosphatidic acids. However, less information is available regarding the reorganization of the neuronal microtubule network in response to OX-A-induced 2-AG and, possibly consequent, 2-AGP production in AD patients. This is of special relevance also considering that higher 2-AG levels are reported in the CSF of AD patients. Here, we found a positive correlation between OX-A and 2-AGP concentrations in the plasma, and an increase of 2-AGP levels in the CSF of AD patients. Furthermore, a negative correlation between the plasmatic 2-AGP levels and the mini-mental state examination score is also revealed in AD patients. By moving from the human patients to in vitro and in vivo models of AD we investigated the molecular pathway linking OX-A, 2-AG and 2-AGP to the phosphorylation of pT231-Tau, which is a specific early plasma biomarker of this disorder. By LC-MS analysis we show that OX-A, via OX-1R, induces 2-AG biosynthesis via DAGLα, and in turn 2-AG is converted to 2-AGP in primary hippocampal neurons. By confocal microscopy and western blotting assay we found an OX-A- or 2-AGP-mediated phosphorylation of Tau at threonine 231 residue, in a manner prevented by LPA1R (2-AGP receptor) or OX1R (OX-A receptor) antagonism with AM095 or SB334867, respectively. Finally, by patch-clamp recording we documented that 2-AGP-mediated pT231-Tau phosphorylation impairs glutamatergic transmission in the mouse hippocampus. Although further additional research is still required to clarify the potential role of orexin signaling in neurodegeneration, this study provides evidence that counteraction of aberrant OX-A signaling, also via LPA-1R antagonism, may be beneficial in the mild-to-moderate age-related cognitive decline associated with sleep disturbances.
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Babur E, Tufan E, Barutçu Ö, Aslan-Gülpınar AG, Tan B, Süer S, Dursun N. Neurodegeneration-Related Genes are Differentially Expressed in Middle-Aged Rats Compared to Young-Adult Rats Having Equal Performance on Long-Term Memory and Synaptic Plasticity. Brain Res Bull 2022; 182:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mahaman YAR, Embaye KS, Huang F, Li L, Zhu F, Wang JZ, Liu R, Feng J, Wang X. Biomarkers used in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101544. [PMID: 34933129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), being the number one in terms of dementia burden, is an insidious age-related neurodegenerative disease and is presently considered a global public health threat. Its main histological hallmarks are the Aβ senile plaques and the P-tau neurofibrillary tangles, while clinically it is marked by a progressive cognitive decline that reflects the underlying synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Many of the drug therapies targeting the two pathological hallmarks namely Aβ and P-tau have been proven futile. This is probably attributed to the initiation of therapy at a stage where cognitive alterations are already obvious. In other words, the underlying neuropathological changes are at a stage where these drugs lack any therapeutic value in reversing the damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to start treatment in the very early stage where these changes can be reversed, and hence, early diagnosis is of primordial importance. To this aim, the use of robust and informative biomarkers that could provide accurate diagnosis preferably at an earlier phase of the disease is of the essence. To date, several biomarkers have been established that, to a different extent, allow researchers and clinicians to evaluate, diagnose, and more specially exclude other related pathologies. In this study, we extensively reviewed data on the currently explored biomarkers in terms of AD pathology-specific and non-specific biomarkers and highlighted the recent developments in the diagnostic and theragnostic domains. In the end, we have presented a separate elaboration on aspects of future perspectives and concluding remarks.
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Ashton NJ, Benedet AL, Pascoal TA, Karikari TK, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Brum WS, Mathotaarachchi S, Therriault J, Savard M, Chamoun M, Stoops E, Francois C, Vanmechelen E, Gauthier S, Zimmer ER, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rosa-Neto P. Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau231 as an early indicator of emerging pathology in Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103836. [PMID: 35158308 PMCID: PMC8850760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) epitopes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are accurate biomarkers for a pathological and clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are seen to be increased in preclinical stage of the disease. However, it is unknown if these increases transpire earlier, prior to amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity as determined by position emission tomography (PET), and if an ordinal sequence of p-tau epitopes occurs at this incipient phase METHODS: We measured CSF concentrations of p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 in 171 participants across the AD continuum who had undergone Aβ ([18F]AZD4694) and tau ([18F]MK6240) position emission tomography (PET) and clinical assessment FINDINGS: All CSF p-tau biomarkers were accurate predictors of cognitive impairment but CSF p-tau217 demonstrated the largest fold-changes in AD patients in comparison to non-AD dementias and cognitively unimpaired individuals. CSF p-tau231 and p-tau217 predicted Aβ and tau to a similar degree but p-tau231 attained abnormal levels first. P-tau231 was sensitive to the earliest changes of Aβ in the medial orbitofrontal, precuneus and posterior cingulate before global Aβ PET positivity was reached INTERPRETATION: We demonstrate that CSF p-tau231 increases early in development of AD pathology and is a principal candidate for detecting incipient Aβ pathology for therapeutic trial application FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Canadian Consortium of Neurodegeneration and Aging, Weston Brain Institute, Brain Canada Foundation, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Andréa L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Wagner S Brum
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sulantha Mathotaarachchi
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Savard
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Stoops
- ADx NeuroSciences, Technologiepark 94, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Cindy Francois
- ADx NeuroSciences, Technologiepark 94, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | | | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Director of the McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Director of the McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Phan LMT, Cho S. Fluorescent Aptasensor and Colorimetric Aptablot for p-tau231 Detection: Toward Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010093. [PMID: 35052773 PMCID: PMC8772959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is considered to be mainly driven by two major hallmarks (tau and amyloid beta). It is highly desirable to develop an affordable medicinal diagnostic that can be utilized worldwide for the early diagnosis of AD. Hence, p-tau231 was selected as a specific target, which appears both in AD serum and cerebrospinal fluid, for the development of a sensing platform for the diagnosis of AD. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first aptamer-mediated biosensors that rely on sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric aptasensors for the rapid monitoring of p-tau231. The nitrogen-doped carbon dot-based turn-on fluorescent aptasensor could rapidly analyze p-tau231 down to 3.64 ng/mL within 40 min, and the colorimetric Cu-enhanced-Au aptablot displayed high sensitivity at 4.71 pg/mL through a digital camera, with visibility to the naked eye down to 8 ng/mL p-tau231 within 140 min. Owing to their advantages, which include affordability, rapidity, high sensitivity, and dependence on complicated instruments, these aptamer-based biosensors offer significant potential for the early diagnosis of AD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (L.M.T.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: (L.M.T.P.); (S.C.)
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13
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Nabizadeh F, Salehi N, Ramezannezhad E, Sadeghmousavi S, Khalili E. P-tau231 as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:845-851. [PMID: 36560987 PMCID: PMC9764878 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_77_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Some previous studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of p-tau231 were significantly higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to that in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal control (NC), whereas some other studies did not. Due to contradictory results, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis study on previous investigations to examine the potential role of CSF p-tau231 as a biomarker of AD and MCI. Method PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in March 2021 for studies on the CSF level of p-tau231 in AD, MCI, and NC. The statistical analysis was performed via standardized mean difference (SMD) methodology with a 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 10 studies including 1141 subjects were included. The present study showed that CSF level of p-tau231 was significantly higher in AD patients compared to that in MCI patients (SMD = 160.94 [11.11, 310.78], P = 0.04) and NC patients (SMD = 436.21 [164.88, 707.54], P < 0.00). Moreover, comparison of MCI and NC showed a significantly higher level of CSF p-tau231 in MCI compared to NC (SMD = 341.44 [59.73, 623.14], P = 0.02). Conclusion P-tau231 showed to be a valuable biomarker of discrimination AD, MCI, and NC based on our findings. This meta-analysis showed that the CSF p-tau231 can reliably differentiate AD patients from MCI and NC patients. Furthermore, based on our findings the level of CSF p-tau231 was significantly higher in MCI compared to NC. Therefore, p-tau231 can be added to the list of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD and MCI in further studies. However, further investigations are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Nabizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Fardin Nabizadeh, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemat, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Negin Salehi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Elham Khalili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
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14
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Ashton NJ, Pascoal TA, Karikari TK, Benedet AL, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Brinkmalm G, Snellman A, Schöll M, Troakes C, Hye A, Gauthier S, Vanmechelen E, Zetterberg H, Rosa-Neto P, Blennow K. Plasma p-tau231: a new biomarker for incipient Alzheimer's disease pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:709-724. [PMID: 33585983 PMCID: PMC8043944 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of phosphorylated tau in biofluids, either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or plasma, has shown great promise in detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Tau phosphorylated at threonine 231 (p-tau231) is one such biomarker in CSF but its usefulness as a blood biomarker is currently unknown. Here, we developed an ultrasensitive Single molecule array (Simoa) for the quantification of plasma p-tau231 which was validated in four independent cohorts (n = 588) in different settings, including the full AD continuum and non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. Plasma p-tau231 was able to identify patients with AD and differentiate them from amyloid-β negative cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults with high accuracy (AUC = 0.92-0.94). Plasma p-tau231 also distinguished AD patients from patients with non-AD neurodegenerative disorders (AUC = 0.93), as well as from amyloid-β negative MCI patients (AUC = 0.89). In a neuropathology cohort, plasma p-tau231 in samples taken on avergae 4.2 years prior to post-mortem very accurately identified AD neuropathology in comparison to non-AD neurodegenerative disorders (AUC = 0.99), this is despite all patients being given an AD dementia diagnosis during life. Plasma p-tau231 was highly correlated with CSF p-tau231, tau pathology as assessed by [18F]MK-6240 positron emission tomography (PET), and brain amyloidosis by [18F]AZD469 PET. Remarkably, the inflection point of plasma p-tau231, increasing as a function of continuous [18F]AZD469 amyloid-β PET standardized uptake value ratio, was shown to be earlier than standard thresholds of amyloid-β PET positivity and the increase of plasma p-tau181. Furthermore, plasma p-tau231 was significantly increased in amyloid-β PET quartiles 2-4, whereas CSF p-tau217 and plasma p-tau181 increased only at quartiles 3-4 and 4, respectively. Finally, plasma p-tau231 differentiated individuals across the entire Braak stage spectrum, including Braak staging from Braak 0 through Braak I-II, which was not observed for plasma p-tau181. To conclude, this novel plasma p-tau231 assay identifies the clinical stages of AD and neuropathology equally well as plasma p-tau181, but increases earlier, already with subtle amyloid-β deposition, prior to the threshold for amyloid-β PET positivity has been attained, and also in response to early brain tau deposition. Thus, plasma p-tau231 is a promising novel biomarker of emerging AD pathology with the potential to facilitate clinical trials to identify vulnerable populations below PET threshold of amyloid-β positivity or apparent entorhinal tau deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK.
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andréa L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
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15
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BMP4 overexpression induces the upregulation of APP/Tau and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:51. [PMID: 33723239 PMCID: PMC7961014 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system. Its pathogenesis is complex and is related to the abnormal expression of the amyloid β (Aβ), APP, and Tau proteins. Evidence has demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is highly expressed in transgenic mouse models of AD and that endogenous levels of BMP4 mainly affect hippocampal function. To determine whether BMP4 participates in AD development, transgenic mice were constructed that overexpress BMP4 under the control of the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter. We also performed MTT, FACS, transfection, TUNEL, and Western blotting assays to define the role of BMP4 in cells. We found that middle-aged BMP4 transgenic mice exhibited impaired memory via the Morris water maze experiment. Moreover, their hippocampal tissues exhibited high expression levels of AD-related proteins, including APP, Aβ, PSEN-1, Tau, P-Tau (Thr181), and P-Tau (Thr231). Furthermore, in multiple cell lines, the overexpression of BMP4 increased the expression of AD-related proteins, whereas the downregulation of BMP4 demonstrated opposing effects. Consistent with these results, BMP4 modulation affected cell apoptosis via the regulation of BAX and Bcl-2 expression in cells. Our findings indicate that BMP4 overexpression might be a potential factor to induce AD.
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16
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McGrowder DA, Miller F, Vaz K, Nwokocha C, Wilson-Clarke C, Anderson-Cross M, Brown J, Anderson-Jackson L, Williams L, Latore L, Thompson R, Alexander-Lindo R. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Brain Sci 2021; 11:215. [PMID: 33578866 PMCID: PMC7916561 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, clinically heterogeneous, and particularly complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decline in cognition. Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. This review presents current evidence from many clinical neurochemical studies, with findings that attest to the efficacy of existing core CSF biomarkers such as total tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid-β (Aβ42), which diagnose Alzheimer's disease in the early and dementia stages of the disorder. The heterogeneity of the pathophysiology of the late-onset disease warrants the growth of the Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarker toolbox; more biomarkers showing other aspects of the disease mechanism are needed. This review focuses on new biomarkers that track Alzheimer's disease pathology, such as those that assess neuronal injury (VILIP-1 and neurofilament light), neuroinflammation (sTREM2, YKL-40, osteopontin, GFAP, progranulin, and MCP-1), synaptic dysfunction (SNAP-25 and GAP-43), vascular dysregulation (hFABP), as well as CSF α-synuclein levels and TDP-43 pathology. Some of these biomarkers are promising candidates as they are specific and predict future rates of cognitive decline. Findings from the combinations of subclasses of new Alzheimer's disease biomarkers that improve their diagnostic efficacy in detecting associated pathological changes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan A. McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Fabian Miller
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Mico University College, 1A Marescaux Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Kurt Vaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (C.N.); (C.W.-C.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Cameil Wilson-Clarke
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (C.N.); (C.W.-C.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Melisa Anderson-Cross
- School of Allied Health and Wellness, College of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Jabari Brown
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Lennox Anderson-Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Lowen Williams
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Lyndon Latore
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Rory Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (J.B.); (L.A.-J.); (L.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Ruby Alexander-Lindo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (C.N.); (C.W.-C.); (R.A.-L.)
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17
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Solid-state NMR investigation of the involvement of the P2 region in tau amyloid fibrils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21210. [PMID: 33273615 PMCID: PMC7712923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau into amyloid fibrils is closely linked to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. To gain insight into the link between amyloid structure and disease, the three-dimensional structure of tau fibrils has been studied using solid-state NMR (ssNMR) and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The proline-rich region of tau remains poorly defined in the context of tau amyloid structures, despite the clustering of several phosphorylation sites, which have been associated with Alzheimer's disease. In order to gain insight into the contribution of the proline-rich region P2 of tau to amyloid fibrils, we studied in vitro aggregated amyloid fibrils of tau constructs, which contain both the proline-rich region P2 and the pseudo-repeats. Using ssNMR we show that the sequence [Formula: see text], the most hydrophobic patch within the P2 region, loses its flexibility upon formation of amyloid fibrils. The data suggest a contribution of the P2 region to tau amyloid fibril formation, which might account for some of the unassigned electron density in cryo-EM studies of tau fibrils and could be modulated by tau phosphorylation at the disease-associated AT180 epitope T231/S235.
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18
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Suárez-Calvet M, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, Lantero Rodríguez J, Milà-Alomà M, Gispert JD, Salvadó G, Minguillon C, Fauria K, Shekari M, Grau-Rivera O, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Sala-Vila A, Sánchez-Benavides G, González-de-Echávarri JM, Kollmorgen G, Stoops E, Vanmechelen E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Molinuevo JL. Novel tau biomarkers phosphorylated at T181, T217 or T231 rise in the initial stages of the preclinical Alzheimer's continuum when only subtle changes in Aβ pathology are detected. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12921. [PMID: 33169916 PMCID: PMC7721364 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau phosphorylation in the brain and its subsequent release into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood is a dynamic process that changes during disease evolution. The main aim of our study was to characterize the pattern of changes in phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the preclinical stage of the Alzheimer's continuum. We measured three novel CSF p-tau biomarkers, phosphorylated at threonine-181 and threonine-217 with an N-terminal partner antibody and at threonine-231 with a mid-region partner antibody. These were compared with an automated mid-region p-tau181 assay (Elecsys) as the gold standard p-tau measure. We demonstrate that these novel p-tau biomarkers increase more prominently in preclinical Alzheimer, when only subtle changes of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology are detected, and can accurately differentiate Aβ-positive from Aβ-negative cognitively unimpaired individuals. Moreover, we show that the novel plasma N-terminal p-tau181 biomarker is mildly but significantly increased in the preclinical stage. Our results support the idea that early changes in neuronal tau metabolism in preclinical Alzheimer, likely in response to Aβ exposure, can be detected with these novel p-tau assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Juan Lantero Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Milà-Alomà
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Salvadó
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahnaz Shekari
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria González-de-Echávarri
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Bažadona D, Fabek I, Babić Leko M, Bobić Rasonja M, Kalinić D, Bilić E, Raguž JD, Mimica N, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. A non-invasive hidden-goal test for spatial orientation deficit detection in subjects with suspected mild cognitive impairment. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 332:108547. [PMID: 31830545 PMCID: PMC6990141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for highly sensitive and specific tests and biomarkers that would allow preclinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which would also enable timely intervention. NEW METHOD We have developed a new system (ALZENTIA) to help detect early MCI, mainly caused by AD. The system is based on a hidden-goal task (HGT) in which the human subject has to find a target that is not visible; as such, the navigation is based on a previously memorized target position, in relation to the starting position (egocentric variant) and/or other navigational landmarks (allocentric variant of the task). We present our preliminary results obtained in 33 patients with MCI and 91 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Between-group differences in the average error measured in allocentric, egocentric, and combined allocentric-egocentric subtests were statistically significant in MCI compared to HC. The high negative predictive values suggested high discriminative capacity and diagnostic potential for the HGT test as a tool to detect subjects in healthy population who will progress to MCI. Considering the low sensitivity of the Mini-Mental Status Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment tests, we believe that HGT can improve early identification of MCI patients who will progress to AD. CONCLUSION The HGT carried out with the ALZENTIA system proved to be a reliable screening test to identify individuals with MCI from an aging cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danira Bažadona
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Fabek
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Bobić Rasonja
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Kalinić
- Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ervina Bilić
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jakov Domagoj Raguž
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia.
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20
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Sun X, Nie B, Zhao S, Chen Q, Li P, Zhang T, Pan T, Feng T, Wang L, Yin X, Zhang W, Zhao S, Shan B, Liu H, Liang S, Ai L, Wang G. Tau PET Distributional Pattern in AD Patients with Visuospatial Dysfunction. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:1055-1062. [PMID: 31724513 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191113152434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visuospatial dysfunction is one predominant symptom in many atypical Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, however, until now its neural correlates still remain unclear. For the accumulation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau proteins is a major pathogenic factor in neurodegeneration of AD, the distributional pattern of tau could highlight the affected brain regions associated with specific cognitive deficits. OBJECTIVE We investigated the brain regions particularly affected by tau accumulation in patients with visuospatial dysfunction to explore its neural correlates. METHODS Using 18F-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography (PET), voxel-wise two-sample t-tests were performed between AD patients with obvious visuospatial dysfunction (VS-AD) and cognitively normal subjects, AD patients with little-to-no visuospatial dysfunction (non VS-AD) and cognitively normal subjects, respectively. RESULTS Results showed increased tau accumulations mainly located in occipitoparietal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, inferior and medial temporal cortex in VS-AD patients, while increased tau accumulations mainly occurred in the inferior and medial temporal cortex in non VS-AD patients. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that occipitoparietal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, which were particularly affected by increased tau accumulation in VS-AD patients, may associate with visuospatial dysfunction of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Panlong Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Feng
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luying Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilun Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoci Shan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Guihong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
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21
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Zheng Y, Guo H, Zhang L, Wu J, Li Q, Lv F. Machine Learning-Based Framework for Differential Diagnosis Between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Using Structural MRI Features. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1097. [PMID: 31708854 PMCID: PMC6823227 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be characterized by the same syndrome of dementia. This study aims to assess whether multi-parameter features derived from structural MRI can serve as the informative biomarker for differential diagnosis between VaD and AD using machine learning. Methods: A total of 93 patients imaged with brain MRI including 58 AD and 35 VaD confirmed by two chief physicians were recruited in this study from June 2013 to July 2019. Automated brain tissue segmentation was performed by the AccuBrain tool to extract multi-parameter volumetric measurements from different brain regions. Firstly, a total of 62 structural MRI biomarkers were addressed to select significantly different features between VaD and AD for dimensionality reduction. Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was further used to construct a feature set that is fed into a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. To ensure the unbiased evaluation of model performance, a comparative study of classification models was implemented by using different machine learning algorithms in order to determine which performs best in the application of differential diagnosis between VaD and AD. The diagnostic performance of the classification models was evaluated by the quantitative metrics derived from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The experimental results demonstrate that the SVM with RBF achieved an encouraging performance with sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and accuracy (ACC) values of 82.65%, 87.17%, and 84.35%, respectively (AUC = 0.861, 95% CI = 0.820–0.902), for the differential diagnosis between VaD and AD. Conclusions: The proposed computer-aided diagnosis method highlights the potential of combining structural MRI and machine learning to support clinical decision making in distinction of VaD vs. AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yineng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoming Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Hassaan PS, Dief AE, Zeitoun TM, Baraka AM, Deacon RMJ, Elshorbagy A. Cortical tau burden and behavioural dysfunctions in mice exposed to monosodium glutamate in early life. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220720. [PMID: 31412065 PMCID: PMC6693749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced neurotoxicity has been recognized for decades, the potential similarities of the MSG model to Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-type neuropathology have only recently been investigated. MSG-treated mice were examined behaviourally and histologically in relation to some features of AD. Four-week old mice received 5 subcutaneous MSG (2 g/kg) injections on alternate days, or saline. At age 10–12 weeks, they were given a battery of behavioural tests for species-typical behaviours and working memory. The mice were killed at 12 weeks and the brains excised. Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein was assessed in cortical and hippocampal neurons by immunohistochemistry, and in cerebral cortical homogenates. A 78% increase in cortical concentrations of phosphorylated tau protein was observed in the MSG mice. Intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau immunostaining was observed diffusely in the cortex and hippocampus, together with cortical atrophic neurons, extensive vacuolation and dysmorphic neuropil suggestive of spongiform neurodegeneration. Nest-building was significantly impaired, and spontaneous T-maze alternation was reduced, suggesting defective short-term working memory. Subcutaneous MSG treatment also induced a 56% reduction in exploratory head dips in a holeboard (P = 0.009), and a non-significant tendency for decreased burrowing behaviour (P = 0.085). These effects occurred in the absence of MSG-induced obesity or gross locomotor deficits. The findings point to subcutaneous MSG administration in early life as a cause of tau pathology and compromised species-typical behaviour in rodents. Determining whether MSG can be useful in modelling AD requires further studies of longer duration and full behavioural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passainte S. Hassaan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer E. Dief
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Teshreen M. Zeitoun
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza M. Baraka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert M. J. Deacon
- Basic Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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23
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Cipollini V, Troili F, Giubilei F. Emerging Biomarkers in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: From Pathophysiological Pathways to Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112812. [PMID: 31181792 PMCID: PMC6600494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular pathology is the second most common neuropathology of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with small vessels disease (SVD) being considered the major cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). This review aims to evaluate pathophysiological pathways underlying a diagnosis of VCID. Firstly, we will discuss the role of endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation in its pathogenesis. Then, we will analyse different biomarkers including the ones of inflammatory responses to central nervous system tissue injuries, of coagulation and thrombosis and of circulating microRNA. Evidences on peripheral biomarkers for VCID are still poor and large-scale, prospectively designed studies are needed to translate these findings into clinical practice, in order to set different combinations of biomarkers to use for differential diagnosis among types of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Cipollini
- S. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Roma, Italy.
| | - Fernanda Troili
- S. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Roma, Italy.
| | - Franco Giubilei
- S. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Roma, Italy.
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24
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Validation of a prototype tau Thr231 phosphorylation CSF ELISA as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:339-348. [PMID: 30767082 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques (senile plaques) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. This process leads to neuronal degradation and neuronal death. Phosphorylation of tau protein at threonine 231 (p-tau231) has been shown to be characteristic in post-mortem brain tissue of patients with AD and it can be sensitively detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, it may serve as a biomarker to support the diagnosis of AD. In this study, we analysed how well p-tau231 could differentiate between patients suffering from dementia either due or not due to AD by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. CSF p-tau231 was significantly higher in patients with dementia due to AD than in those with dementia due to other causes. In addition, we studied different factors affecting p-tau231 levels in CSF. We found that apolipoprotein E genotype influences p-tau231 CSF levels. Gender and age did not affect p-tau231 levels in CSF. Our findings indicate that p-tau231 levels in CSF can be a valuable marker for the clinical diagnosis of AD.
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25
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a daunting challenge in clinical diagnosis and management. Biomarkers that might aid in the diagnosis of these devastating and globally important diseases are urgently sought and required. Here we describe the application and state of development of a range of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in common neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia T Robey
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, 4 Lawrence Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
| | - Peter K Panegyres
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, 4 Lawrence Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
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26
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Kiđemet‐Piskač S, Babić Leko M, Blažeković A, Langer Horvat L, Klepac N, Sonicki Z, Kolenc D, Hof PR, Boban M, Mimica N, Borovečki F, Šimić G. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau 231 as a biomarker in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:734-740. [PMID: 29453935 PMCID: PMC6047904 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of either Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia (VaD) is still largely based on clinical guidelines and exclusion of other diseases that may lead to dementia. AIMS In this study, we assessed whether the use of sensitive and specific biomarkers such as phosphorylated tau proteins could contribute to an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of AD and VaD, as well as to their differentiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 198 patients, of which 152 had AD, 28 VaD, and 18 were healthy controls (HC), were included in the analyses. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total tau protein (t-tau), tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231 (p-tau231), and factor score (FS) determined by combination of p-tau231 and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in patients with AD and VaD, as well as in HC. We tested the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers in the CSF and FS (p-tau231, MMSE) in differentiating AD from VaD and HC. RESULTS Total tau levels were significantly elevated in subjects with AD compared to HC, as well as in VaD subjects compared to HC. DISCUSSION p-tau231 levels were significantly higher in patients with ADvsHC as well in patients with VaD vsHC. p-tau231 levels did not distinguish AD from VaD patients. Importantly, FS(p-tau231 and MMSE) showed statistically significant differences in the distribution of subjects with AD and VaD. CONCLUSION These results indicate that FS (p-tau231 and MMSE) has a strong potential to provide an early distinction between AD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of NeuroscienceCroatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Lea Langer Horvat
- Department of NeuroscienceCroatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Nataša Klepac
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Centre “Zagreb”University of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Zdenko Sonicki
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical InformaticsSchool of Public Health “Andrija Štampar”University of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Danijela Kolenc
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Fishberg Department of NeuroscienceRonald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Marina Boban
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Centre “Zagreb”University of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- University Psychiatric Hospital VrapčeUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Centre “Zagreb”University of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of NeuroscienceCroatian Institute for Brain ResearchUniversity of Zagreb School of MedicineZagrebCroatia
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27
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Abstract
Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the gaps in our knowledge of the roles of COX-2 and PGs in AD have not been filled. Here, we summarized the literature showing that COX-2 dysregulation obviously influences abnormal cleavage of β-amyloid precursor protein, aggregation and deposition of Aβ in β-amyloid plaques and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis have been assessed to elucidate the mechanisms of COX-2 regulation of AD. Notably, an imbalance of these factors ultimately produces cognitive decline. The current review substantiates our understanding of the mechanisms of COX-2-induced AD and establishes foundations for the design of feasible therapeutic strategies to treat AD.-Guan, P.-P., Wang, P. Integrated communications between cyclooxygenase-2 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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