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Zhang F, Guo L, Liu L, Han X. Diagnostic Accuracy of Machine Learning-Assisted MRI for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2025; 2025:2079341. [PMID: 40443718 PMCID: PMC12122149 DOI: 10.1155/padi/2079341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025]
Abstract
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning-assisted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting cognitive impairment among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched for studies that applied machine learning algorithms to MRI data for diagnosing PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Data were extracted and synthesized to calculate pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative diagnostic likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR). A bivariate random-effects model and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were employed for statistical analysis. The quality of studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) instrument. The publication bias was investigated through Deeks' funnel plot. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 14.0. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PD-MCI using machine learning-assisted MRI were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75-0.87) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73-0.87), respectively. The PLR was 4.28 (95% CI: 2.93-6.27), and the NLR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.16-0.32), indicating a high diagnostic accuracy. The area under the curve (AUC) for the SROC was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82-0.88). Quality assessment using the QUADAS-2 tool showed a predominantly low risk of bias among the studies, and the Deeks' funnel plot suggested no significant publication bias (p=0.30). In summary, the MRI combined with machine learning for diagnosing PD-MCI achieved high accuracy with the pooled sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 81%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Liangqing Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Special Examination Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaochun Han
- School of Health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China
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Feng W, Ju M, Wang T, Cui S, Yang K, Guo Z, Liu M, Tao J, Yu H, Xiao R. Linking oxysterols and different stages of mild cognitive impairment: insights from gut metabolites and N6-methyladenosine. Alzheimers Res Ther 2025; 17:102. [PMID: 40361183 PMCID: PMC12070570 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-025-01743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxysterols, gut metabolites, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) are extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, while their alterations in different stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the associations of oxysterols, gut metabolites, and m6A methylation profiles in early MCI (EMCI) and late MCI (LMCI) individuals. METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, untargeted metabolomic analysis, and m6A mRNA Epitranscriptomic Microarray were used to detect the characteristics of serum oxysterols (n = 35/group), fecal gut metabolites (n = 30/group), and m6A in whole blood (n = 4/group) respectively. The concentration of serum β-amyloid (Aβ) was detected with ELISA (n = 25/group). The gene expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its key enzyme β-secretase (BACE1) in whole blood were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (n = 25/group). RESULTS EMCIs and LMCIs, especially LMCIs, exhibited poorer performance in almost all global and multidimensional cognitive tests. Serum 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) and 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) were elevated in EMCI and LMCI groups. Changes in gut metabolites occurred mainly in the EMCI group, in which several gut metabolites, including Procyanidin dimer B7 and Phorbol myristate, were significantly decreased. The m6A methylation landscape of EMCIs and LMCIs obviously differed from Controls. Hypomethylated mRNAs accounted for the majority and were mainly accompanied by downregulated mRNAs, which was consistent with the downregulated expression of the m6A writer methyltransferase-like 4 (METTL4). 27-OHC and 24S-OHC combined with various gut metabolites significantly distinguished between MCI subgroups from healthy controls (EMCI/Control: AUC = 0.877; LMCI/Control: AUC = 0.952). Heatmap revealed the correlation between Phorbol myristate and differentially m6A-methylated mRNAs. Differentially expressed gut metabolites and methylated mRNAs were commonly enriched in 34 KEGG metabolic pathways, including cholesterol metabolism and neurodegenerative disease-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study explored the altered oxysterols, gut metabolites, and m6A methylation and their associations in different stages of MCI. The potential function of aberrant gut metabolites in oxysterols and m6A methylation driving MCI progression warrants further mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Feng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ju
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Cui
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiting Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, China.
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Kachoueiyan F, Kalkhoran NY, Kalkhoran AY, Kyada A, Rekha MM, Chaudhary K, Barwal A, Sead FF, Joshi KK. Butyrate: a key mediator of gut-brain communication in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2025; 40:189. [PMID: 40266405 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-025-01617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. Recent investigations have highlighted the critical role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of AD, particularly focusing on the influence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber. Among SCFAs, butyrate has emerged as a crucial mediator, positively impacting various pathological processes associated with AD, including epigenetic regulation, neuroinflammation modulation, maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enhanced intestinal integrity, regulation of brain metabolism, and interference with amyloid protein formation as well as tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Furthermore, distinctions in butyrate profile and microbial communities have been observed between AD patients and healthy individuals, underscoring the importance of gut microbiota in AD progression. This review summarizes the current understanding of the many functions of butyrate in reducing the consequences of AD and emphasizes the possibility of addressing the gut microbiota as a therapeutic approach to managing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Kachoueiyan
- Department of Biology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niosha Yahyavi Kalkhoran
- Department of Biology, Biological Sciences College, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Anousha Yahyavi Kalkhoran
- Department of Biology, Biological Sciences College, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Ashishkumar Kyada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marwadi University Research Center, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India.
| | - M M Rekha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamlesh Chaudhary
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Amit Barwal
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjheri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Fadhil Faez Sead
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Kamal Kant Joshi
- Department of Allied Science, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Ichikawa A, Takayama T, Kojima C, Fujie S, Iemitsu M, Inoue K. Conversion Reaction of Stable-Isotope Oxygen Labeling of Carboxylic Acids for Accurate Screening LC-MS/MS Assay: Application of Behavioral Changes of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Sports Athletes under Exercise Loading. Anal Chem 2025; 97:7765-7771. [PMID: 40183608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c05872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have attracted considerable interest as potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and nutritional factors in athletic training. SCFAs are typically produced by the intestinal microbiome and exhibit various structural forms, including linear- and branched-chain types. In particular, branched-chain SCFAs have been associated with muscle metabolism during exercise loading. Consequently, accurate and efficient analytical methods are essential for identifying these biomarkers. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is a suitable and accurate technique for SCFA analysis; however, stable isotope calibrations are required for all analytes. Because of technological limitations, the available species are restricted to certain types of SCFAs. To address this issue, this study performed a simple conversion reaction involving the incorporation of 18O into the carboxyl group. Specifically, oxygen atoms in the carboxyl groups were substituted with 18O sourced from commercially available H218O. An SCFA mixture standard solution was successfully labeled under optimized conditions, and the SIL purity and amount were sufficient for isotope dilution (95.2-96.9%, 250 assays using 10 μL of H218O). Moreover, no reversion to 16O was observed during storage or analysis. Analytical validation was performed in human serum using the substituted isotopic standard mixture, achieving good accuracy (90-110%) and precision (<10% relative standard deviation) across three concentration levels. Finally, changes in SCFA patterns were examined in athletes during exercise loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takayama
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kojima
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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5
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Zhao Y, Jia M, Ding C, Bao B, Li H, Ma J, Dong W, Gao R, Chen X, Chen J, Dai X, Zou Y, Hu J, Shi L, Liu X, Liu Z. Time-restricted feeding mitigates Alzheimer's disease-associated cognitive impairments via a B. pseudolongum-propionic acid-FFAR3 axis. IMETA 2025; 4:e70006. [PMID: 40236783 PMCID: PMC11995186 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.70006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) holds promise for alleviating cognitive decline in aging, albeit the precise mechanism via the gut-brain axis remains elusive. In a clinical trial, we observed, for the first time, that a 4-month TRF ameliorated cognitive impairments among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Experiments in 5xFAD mice corroborated the gut microbiota-dependent effect of TRF on mitigating cognitive dysfunction, amyloid-beta deposition, and neuroinflammation. Multi-omics integration linked Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (B. pseudolongum) and propionic acid (PA) with key genes in AD pathogenesis. Oral supplementation of B. pseudolongum or PA mimicked TRF's protective effects. Positron emission tomography imaging confirmed PA's blood-brain barrier penetration, while knockdown of the free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) diminished TRF's cognitive benefits. Notably, we observed a positive correlation between fecal PA and improved cognitive function in an AD cohort, further indicating that TRF enhanced PA production. These findings highlight the microbiota-metabolites-brain axis as pivotal in TRF's cognitive benefits, proposing B. pseudolongum or PA as potential AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Zhao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Bingkun Bao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Hangqi Li
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jiabin Ma
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Weixuan Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Rui Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Jiao Chen
- Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | | | | | - Jun Hu
- Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Lin Shi
- Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhigang Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
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Zahedi E, Naseri FM, Zamani E, Nikbakhtzadeh M, Rastegar T, Sanaeirad A, Sadr SS. Ginger Extract Improves Cognitive Dysfunction via Modulation of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in D-Galactose/Ovariectomy-Induced Alzheimer-Like Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2025; 62:5095-5108. [PMID: 39505806 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with complex causes and limited treatment options. Recent research has suggested a connection between the progression of AD and the activity of gut microbiota. Ginger, a plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, has gained attention as a potential treatment for alleviating AD symptoms. In this study, we induced an AD model in female rats through ovariectomy and D-galactose injection and then investigated the protective effects of oral administration of ginger ethanolic extract. We assessed changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), learning and memory abilities, neuroinflammatory markers in plasma, and the hippocampus, as well as histological changes in the intestine and hippocampus in sham-operated, diseased, and treatment groups. Oral administration of ginger ethanolic extract improved gut microbiota activity, increased SCFA levels, and enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins. Additionally, ginger extract reduced the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in both plasma and the hippocampus. Furthermore, it significantly reduced cell death and amyloid plaque deposition in the hippocampal tissue. These physiological changes resulted in improved performance in learning and memory tasks in rats treated with ginger compared with the disease group. These findings provide compelling evidence for the beneficial effects of ginger on the gut-brain axis, leading to improvements in learning and memory through the reduction of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zahedi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mokhtari Naseri
- Physiology Department and Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rastegar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Sanaeirad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahabeddin Sadr
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Junyi L, Yueyang W, Bin L, Xiaohong D, Wenhui C, Ning Z, Hong Z. Gut Microbiota Mediates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Key Factors and Mechanistic Insights. Mol Neurobiol 2025; 62:3746-3763. [PMID: 39317889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, the complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a key player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss, associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation in the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, may contribute to the development and progression of AD by modulating neuroinflammation, a chronic and maladaptive immune response in the central nervous system. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the current role of the gut microbiota in regulating neuroinflammation and glial cell function in AD. Its objective is to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and to discuss the potential advantages and challenges of using gut microbiota modulation as a novel approach for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Junyi
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wang Yueyang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liu Bin
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Dong Xiaohong
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cai Wenhui
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhang Ning
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhang Hong
- Heilongjiang Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Chen X, Wei J, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Association between plasma short-chain fatty acids and inflammation in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder: a pilot study. Lipids Health Dis 2025; 24:66. [PMID: 39984934 PMCID: PMC11846350 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-025-02477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key metabolites produced by gut microbiota, have neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases by modulating immune responses. However, their role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains largely unexplored. METHODS We recruited HAND patients, HIV Control, and healthy controls (HC). Plasma SCFAs and SCFA-producing gut microbiota were quantified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fecal metagenomic analysis. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured using liquid chromatography. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive accuracy of SCFAs for HAND. RESULTS Plasma SCFAs were significantly reduced in HAND patients, correlating with a decrease in SCFA-producing gut bacteria, such as Prevotella and its related species. Reduced SCFAs were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and cognitive impairment, while being negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory cytokines. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that several SCFAs exhibited strong predictive accuracy for HAND status. CONCLUSIONS SCFAs may influence cognitive function by modulating inflammatory responses, and identifies plasma SCFAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HAND. Further investigation is needed to delineate the mechanisms that SCFAs influence HAND pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Nie T, You L, Tang F, Duan Y, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Wu Q, Wei W. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2025; 23:524-546. [PMID: 39501955 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x23666241101093436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) pose a formidable challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to their complex pathogenesis, significant morbidity, and mortality. Scope and Approach: This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the central role of the microbiotagut- brain axis (MGBA) in ND pathogenesis. Specifically, it delves into the perturbations within the gut microbiota and its metabolomic landscape, as well as the structural and functional transformations of the gastrointestinal and blood-brain barrier interfaces in ND patients. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in medicinal and dietary interventions tailored to modulate the MGBA for ND therapy. CONCLUSION Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in ND pathogenesis through the MGBA. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and associated metabolites instigate structural modifications and augmented permeability of both the gastrointestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These alterations facilitate the transit of microbial molecules from the gut to the brain via neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, potentially contributing to the etiology of NDs. Numerous investigational strategies, encompassing prebiotic and probiotic interventions, pharmaceutical trials, and dietary adaptations, are actively explored to harness the microbiota for ND treatment. This work endeavors to enhance our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms underpinning ND pathogenesis, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic modalities targeting these debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Nie
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, 401520, China
| | - Fang Tang
- College of Humanities and New Media, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yanhui Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital of Hradec Králové, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to The Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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10
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Tang M, Zhao L, Huang F, Wang T, Wu X, Chen S, Fu J, Jiang C, Wei S, Zeng X, Zhang X, Zhou X, Wei M, Li Z, Xiao G. Liuweizhiji Gegen-Sangshen beverage protects against alcoholic liver disease in mice through the gut microbiota mediated SCFAs/GPR43/GLP-1 pathway. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1495695. [PMID: 39734674 PMCID: PMC11673767 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1495695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a pathological state of the liver caused by longterm alcohol consumption. Recent studies have shown that the modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolic products, specifically the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exert a critical role in the evolution and progression of ALD. The Liuweizhiji Gegen-Sangshen beverage (LGS), as a functional beverage in China, is derived from a traditional Chinese herbal formula and has been clinically applied for ALD treatment, demonstrating significant efficacy. However, the underlying mechanisms of LGS for alleviating ALD involving gut microbiota regulation remain unknown. Methods In this study, an ALD murine model based on the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) method was established. Results The results showed that oral LGS treatment dose-dependently alleviated alcoholinduced liver injury and inflammation in mice through decreasing levels of ALT, AST and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). LGS significantly improved liver steatosis, enhanced activities of alcohol metabolizing enzymes (ALDH and ADH), and reduced the CYP2E1 activity. Notably, regarding most detected indices, the effect of LGS (particularly at medium and high dose) was comparable to the positive drug MTDX. Moreover, LGS had a favorable effect on maintaining intestinal barrier function through reducing epithelial injury and increasing expression of occludin. 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that LGS remarkably modulated gut microbiota structure in ALD mice via recovering alcohol-induced microbial changes and specifically mediating enrichment of several bacterial genera (Alloprevotella, Monoglobus, Erysipelatoclostridium Parasutterella, Harryflintia and unclassified_c_Clostridia). Further study revealed that LGS increased production of SCFAs of hexanoic acid in cecum, promoted alcohol-mediated reduction of GRP43 expression in ileum, and increased serum GLP-1 level. Discussion Overall, LGS exerts a remarkable protective effect on ALD mice through the gut microbiota mediated specific hexanoic acid production and GPR43/GLP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Tang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuchun Huang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiangang Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoli Jiang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuseng Zeng
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guohui Xiao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive System Diseases of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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11
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Long J, Zhang J, Zeng X, Wang M, Wang N. Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Via the Regulation of the Gut Microbiota With Traditional Chinese Medicine. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70101. [PMID: 39508315 PMCID: PMC11541599 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a variety of factors, and one of the most important factors is gut microbiota dysbiosis. An imbalance in the gut mincrobiota have been shown to change the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and short-chain fatty acids. These microorganisms synthesize substances that can influence the levels of a variety of metabolites and cause multiple diseases through the immune response, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, these metabolic changes promote the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Thus, the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in AD development. In addition to traditional therapeutic drugs such as donepezil and memantine, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have also showed to significantly decrease the severity of AD symptoms and suppress the underlying related mechanisms. We searched for studies on the effects of different herbal monomers, single herbs, and polyherbal formulas on the gut microbiota of AD patients and identified the relevant pathways through which the gut microbiota affected AD. We conclude that improvements in the gut microbiota not only decrease the occurrence of inflammatory reactions but also reduce the deposition of central pathological products. Herbal monomers have a stronger effect on improving of central pathology. Polyherbal formulas have the most extensive effect on the gut microbiota in patients with AD. Among the effects of formulas, the anti-inflammatory effect is the most essential and is also the main concern regarding the use of TCMs in treating AD from the viewpoint of the gut microbiota. We hope that this review will be helpful for providing new ideas for the clinical application of TCMs in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Long
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiani Zhang
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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12
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Yang J, Liang J, Hu N, He N, Liu B, Liu G, Qin Y. The Gut Microbiota Modulates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Elucidating Crucial Factors and Mechanistic Underpinnings. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70091. [PMID: 39460538 PMCID: PMC11512114 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss, commonly linked to amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota as a key player in modulating neuroinflammation, a critical pathological feature of AD. Understanding the role of the gut microbiota in this process is essential for uncovering new therapeutic avenues and gaining deeper insights into AD pathogenesis. METHODS This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how gut microbiota influences neuroinflammation and glial cell function in AD. A systematic literature search was conducted, covering studies from 2014 to 2024, including reviews, clinical trials, and animal studies. Keywords such as "gut microbiota," "Alzheimer's disease," "neuroinflammation," and "blood-brain barrier" were used. RESULTS Dysbiosis, or the imbalance in gut microbiota composition, has been implicated in the modulation of key AD-related mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier integrity, and neurotransmitter regulation. These disruptions may accelerate the onset and progression of AD. Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise in modulating AD pathology. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiota is a pivotal factor in AD pathogenesis, influencing neuroinflammation and disease progression. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in AD opens avenues for innovative diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Yang
- Harbin Institute of Physical EducationHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Junyi Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Niyuan Hu
- Harbin Institute of Physical EducationHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ningjuan He
- Harbin Institute of Physical EducationHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Harbin Institute of Physical EducationHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ying Qin
- Harbin Institute of Physical EducationHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
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13
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Mihailovich M, Soković Bajić S, Dinić M, Đokić J, Živković M, Radojević D, Golić N. Cutting-Edge iPSC-Based Approaches in Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10156. [PMID: 39337640 PMCID: PMC11432053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM), together with its metabolites (such as SCFA, tryptophan, dopamine, GABA, etc.), plays an important role in the functioning of the central nervous system. Various neurological and psychiatric disorders are associated with changes in the composition of GM and their metabolites, which puts them in the foreground as a potential adjuvant therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this relationship are not clear enough. Therefore, before considering beneficial microbes and/or their metabolites as potential therapeutics for brain disorders, the mechanisms underlying microbiota-host interactions must be identified and characterized in detail. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of GM alterations observed in prevalent neurological and psychiatric disorders, multiple sclerosis, major depressive disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorders, together with experimental evidence of their potential to improve patients' quality of life. We further discuss the main obstacles in the study of GM-host interactions and describe the state-of-the-art solution and trends in this field, namely "culturomics" which enables the culture and identification of novel bacteria that inhabit the human gut, and models of the gut and blood-brain barrier as well as the gut-brain axis based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC derivatives, thus pursuing a personalized medicine agenda for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mihailovich
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.B.); (M.D.); (J.Đ.); (M.Ž.); (D.R.)
- Human Technopole, Palazzo Italia, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Svetlana Soković Bajić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.B.); (M.D.); (J.Đ.); (M.Ž.); (D.R.)
| | - Miroslav Dinić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.B.); (M.D.); (J.Đ.); (M.Ž.); (D.R.)
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.B.); (M.D.); (J.Đ.); (M.Ž.); (D.R.)
| | - Milica Živković
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.B.); (M.D.); (J.Đ.); (M.Ž.); (D.R.)
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.B.); (M.D.); (J.Đ.); (M.Ž.); (D.R.)
| | - Nataša Golić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.B.); (M.D.); (J.Đ.); (M.Ž.); (D.R.)
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14
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Meyer C, Brockmueller A, Ruiz de Porras V, Shakibaei M. Microbiota and Resveratrol: How Are They Linked to Osteoporosis? Cells 2024; 13:1145. [PMID: 38994996 PMCID: PMC11240679 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), which is characterized by a decrease in bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures, is closely linked to the gut microbiota (GM). It is increasingly realized that the GM plays a key role in the maintenance of the functioning of multiple organs, including bone, by producing bioactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Consequently, imbalances in the GM, referred to as dysbiosis, have been identified with a significant reduction in beneficial metabolites, such as decreased SCFA associated with increased chronic inflammatory processes, including the activation of NF-κB at the epigenetic level, which is recognized as the main cause of many chronic diseases, including OP. Furthermore, regular or long-term medications such as antibiotics and many non-antibiotics such as proton pump inhibitors, chemotherapy, and NSAIDs, have been found to contribute to the development of dysbiosis, highlighting an urgent need for new treatment approaches. A promising preventive and adjuvant approach is to combat dysbiosis with natural polyphenols such as resveratrol, which have prebiotic functions and ensure an optimal microenvironment for beneficial GM. Resveratrol offers a range of benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, analgesic, and prebiotic effects. In particular, the GM has been shown to convert resveratrol, into highly metabolically active molecules with even more potent beneficial properties, supporting a synergistic polyphenol-GM axis. This review addresses the question of how the GM can enhance the effects of resveratrol and how resveratrol, as an epigenetic modulator, can promote the growth and diversity of beneficial GM, thus providing important insights for the prevention and co-treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Meyer
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- CARE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B⋅ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- GRET and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.M.); (A.B.)
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15
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Lee B, Lee SM, Song JW, Choi JW. Gut Microbiota Metabolite Messengers in Brain Function and Pathology at a View of Cell Type-Based Receptor and Enzyme Reaction. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:403-423. [PMID: 38898687 PMCID: PMC11214962 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2024.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract houses a diverse microbial community, known as the gut microbiome comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's equilibrium and has recently been discovered to influence the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The communication between the nervous system and the GI tract occurs through a two-way network called the gut-brain axis. The nervous system and the GI tract can modulate each other through activated neuronal cells, the immune system, and metabolites produced by the gut microbiome. Extensive research both in preclinical and clinical realms, has highlighted the complex relationship between the gut and diseases associated with the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review aims to delineate receptor and target enzymes linked with gut microbiota metabolites and explore their specific roles within the brain, particularly their impact on CNS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bada Lee
- Department of Biomedicinal and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Department of Biomedicinal and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Song
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedicinal and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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16
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Jiang P, Di Z, Huang W, Xie L. Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites with Traditional Chinese Medicines: An Emerging Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Molecules 2024; 29:2747. [PMID: 38930814 PMCID: PMC11206945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, an estimated 537 million individuals are affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the occurrence of which is invariably associated with complications. Glucose-lowering therapy remains the main treatment for alleviating T2DM. However, conventional antidiabetic agents are fraught with numerous adverse effects, notably elevations in blood pressure and lipid levels. Recently, the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their constituents has emerged as a preferred management strategy aimed at curtailing the progression of diabetes and its associated complications with fewer adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiome disturbances are involved in the development of T2DM and its complications. This regulation depends on various metabolites produced by gut microbes and their interactions with host organs. TCMs' interventions have demonstrated the ability to modulate the intestinal bacterial microbiota, thereby restoring host homeostasis and ameliorating metabolic disorders. This review delves into the alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolites in T2DM patients and how TCMs treatment regulates the gut microbiota, facilitating the management of T2DM and its complications. Additionally, we also discuss prospective avenues for research on natural products to advance diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhenghan Di
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lan Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Candeias E, Pereira-Santos AR, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM, Esteves ARF. The Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: The Catalytic Role of Mitochondria. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:413-429. [PMID: 38875045 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that gut inflammation is implicated in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Despite the numerous connections it remains unclear how the gut and the brain communicate and whether gut dysbiosis is the cause or consequence of these pathologies. Importantly, several reports highlight the importance of mitochondria in the gut-brain axis, as well as in mechanisms like gut epithelium self-renewal, differentiation, and homeostasis. Herein we comprehensively address the important role of mitochondria as a cellular hub in infection and inflammation and as a link between inflammation and neurodegeneration in the gut-brain axis. The role of mitochondria in gut homeostasis and as well the crosstalk between mitochondria and gut microbiota is discussed. Significantly, we also review studies highlighting how gut microbiota can ultimately affect the central nervous system. Overall, this review summarizes novel findings regarding this cross-talk where the mitochondria has a main role in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease strengthen by cellular, animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Candeias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Pereira-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Fernandes Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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