1
|
DeGroot TL, Wolfe JD, Powell LL, Esono F, Ebana A, Barrientos C, Torrent L, Brzeski KE. Human impacts on mammal communities in Rio Campo Nature Reserve, Equatorial Guinea. Afr J Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiff L. DeGroot
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
- Biodiversity Initiative Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Jared D. Wolfe
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
- Biodiversity Initiative Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Luke L. Powell
- Biodiversity Initiative Houghton Michigan USA
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
| | - Fidel Esono
- National Institute of Forestry Development and Protected Areas Management (INDEFOR‐AP) Bata Equatorial Guinea
| | - Agustín Ebana
- Biodiversity Initiative Houghton Michigan USA
- National Institute of Forestry Development and Protected Areas Management (INDEFOR‐AP) Bata Equatorial Guinea
| | | | - Laura Torrent
- Biodiversity Initiative Houghton Michigan USA
- BiBio (Biodiversity and Bioindicators Research Group) Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers Granollers Spain
| | - Kristin E. Brzeski
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
- Biodiversity Initiative Houghton Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Determinants of bushmeat supply sources in rural areas of Côte d’Ivoire. J Nat Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
3
|
The bushmeat trade in northern Ghana: market dynamics, drivers of trade and implications for conservation. ORYX 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605322000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Data on species trade profiles and volumes of wild animals on sale in local markets can provide useful insights into the bushmeat trade, enabling identification of priorities for management and conservation planning. We monitored bushmeat traded in three markets (Sandema, Chiana and Fumbisi) in the Upper East Region of Ghana during October 2018–October 2019. More than 80% of carcasses sold were amphibians (frogs). Species composition and volumes of bushmeat traded varied significantly across markets. Bushmeat sales were highest during the dry season (75% of total biomass traded). The bulk (60% of total biomass) traded in the local markets was transported long distances for resale in major urban markets in southern Ghana. Large-bodied species were comparatively low in number and sold almost exclusively for resale in southern markets. This study highlights the importance of frog meat as an affordable protein source for consumers and as income for traders in an economically deprived region. Seasonal fluctuations of bushmeat sales demonstrated the importance of bushmeat as part of a diversified livelihood strategy for hunters and traders. Furthermore, this study underscores the significant role that long-distance trade networks play as key drivers of the bushmeat trade in these parts of northern Ghana, and highlights the risks posed by current extraction levels for species conservation in this understudied region. Our recommendations include investigating the potential of sustainable amphibian production, improving protection of particular vulnerable species and of the protected areas in the region and exploring alternative livelihoods during the peak hunting season.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hongo S, Dzefack ZCB, Vernyuy LN, Minami S, Mizuno K, Otsuka R, Hiroshima Y, Djiéto‐Lordon C, Nakashima Y, Yasuoka H. Predicting bushmeat biomass from species composition captured by camera traps: Implications for locally based wildlife monitoring. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hongo
- The Center for African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | | | | | - Sosuke Minami
- Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Tokyo Japan
| | - Kaori Mizuno
- The Center for African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ryoma Otsuka
- The Center for African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Wildlife Research Center Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Yukiko Hiroshima
- The Center for African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | | | | | - Hirokazu Yasuoka
- The Center for African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reuleaux A, Collar NJ, Jones MJ, Limu RND, Mardiastuti A, Pinto P, Siregar BA, Marsden SJ. Correlates of persistence in remnant populations of two Critically Endangered cockatoos. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Reuleaux
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | | | - M. J. Jones
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | | | - A. Mardiastuti
- Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University) Bogor Indonesia
| | - P. Pinto
- Department of National Parks and Protected Areas Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries Dili Timor‐Leste
| | | | - S. J. Marsden
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Branch D, Moka Sharpe S, Maho LM, Silochi Pons MÁ, Mitogo Michá F, Motove Etingüe A, Nze Avomo JCO, Owono Nchama PO, Esara Echube JM, Fero Meñe M, Featherstone B, Montgomery D, Gonder MK, Fernández D. Accessibility to Protected Areas Increases Primate Hunting Intensity in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.780162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioko is one of the most important sites for African primate conservation; yet it has seen a severe decline in its primate populations due to illegal hunting to supply a thriving wildmeat trade. The completion in 2015 of a new road bisecting the Gran Caldera Scientific Reserve (GCSR), where rugged terrain and lack of infrastructure once served as a natural barrier, further threatened this last stronghold for Bioko's primates. Here we used passive acoustic monitoring to study factors affecting hunting patterns within GCSR through the automatic detection of shotgun sounds. Ten acoustic sensors were placed in locations that varied in terrain heterogeneity, distance to the new road, human settlements, research camps (i.e., Moraka and Moaba) and elevation. Sensors recorded continuously between January 2018 and January 2020, collecting 2,671 site-days of audio. In total 596 gunshots were detected, including in the most remote areas. There were significant differences in hunting rate between areas (Kruskal-Wallis, χ2 = 102.71, df = 9, p < 0.001). We also found there were significantly fewer gunshots during 2019 than during 2018 (V = 55, p < 0.001). Occupancy modeling showed that hunting increased with decreasing terrain heterogeneity and decreasing distance to roads and villages; and decreased with increasing proximity to Research Camps. These results demonstrated that increasing accessibility increased primate hunting in GCSR, which was exacerbated by the opening of the new road. We also demonstrated that research presence was effective at reducing primate hunting. Unless strict conservation interventions are implemented, including road checkpoints, increasing biomonitoring and hunting patrols, and an island-wide, enforced ban on firearms, GCSR will see a significant decrease in primate density over the next decade, including the potential extinction of Critically Endangered Pennant's red colobus, whose entire population is restricted to GCSR and is a primary target of hunters.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hart JA, Omene O, Hart TB. Vouchers control for illegal bushmeat transport and reveal dynamics of authorised wild meat trade in central Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Hart
- Frankfurt Zoological Society Tshuapa‐Lomami‐Lualaba (TL2) Project Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ohm Omene
- Frankfurt Zoological Society Tshuapa‐Lomami‐Lualaba (TL2) Project Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Terese B. Hart
- Frankfurt Zoological Society Tshuapa‐Lomami‐Lualaba (TL2) Project Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rivera CJ, Mayo D, Hull V. Social-Ecological Interactions Influencing Primate Harvest: Insights From Madagascar. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.776897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, non-human primates face mounting threats due to unsustainable harvest by humans. There is a need to better understand the diverse drivers of primate harvest and the complex social-ecological interactions influencing harvest in shared human-primate systems. Here, we take an interdisciplinary, systems approach to assess how complex interactions among primate biological and ecological characteristics and human social factors affect primate harvest. We apply our approach through a review and synthesis of the literature on lemur harvest in Madagascar, a country with one of the highest primate species richness in the world coupled with high rates of threatened primate species and populations in decline. We identify social and ecological factors affecting primate harvest, including the characteristics of lemurs that may make them vulnerable to harvest by humans; factors describing human motivations for (or deterrents to) harvest; and political and governance factors related to power and accessibility. We then discuss social-ecological interactions that emerge from: (1) the prevalence of informal institutions (e.g., cultural taboos), (2) adoption of human predatory strategies, (3) synergies with habitat use and habitat loss, and (4) interactions among regional- and local-scale factors (multi-level interactions). Our results illustrate that social-ecological interactions influencing lemur harvest in Madagascar are complex and context-specific, while influenced by a combination of interactions between species-specific characteristics and human social factors. These context-specific interactions may be also influenced by local-level cultural practices, land use change, and effects from regional-level social complexities such as political upheaval and food insecurity. We conclude by discussing the importance of identifying and explicitly accounting for nuances in underlying social-ecological systems and putting forth ideas for future research on primate harvest in shared human-primate systems, including research on social-ecological feedbacks and the application of Routine Activities Theory.
Collapse
|
9
|
Glidden CK, Nova N, Kain MP, Lagerstrom KM, Skinner EB, Mandle L, Sokolow SH, Plowright RK, Dirzo R, De Leo GA, Mordecai EA. Human-mediated impacts on biodiversity and the consequences for zoonotic disease spillover. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R1342-R1361. [PMID: 34637744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human-mediated changes to natural ecosystems have consequences for both ecosystem and human health. Historically, efforts to preserve or restore 'biodiversity' can seem to be in opposition to human interests. However, the integration of biodiversity conservation and public health has gained significant traction in recent years, and new efforts to identify solutions that benefit both environmental and human health are ongoing. At the forefront of these efforts is an attempt to clarify ways in which biodiversity conservation can help reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover of pathogens from wild animals, sparking epidemics and pandemics in humans and livestock. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which biodiversity change influences the spillover process is incomplete, limiting the application of integrated strategies aimed at achieving positive outcomes for both conservation and disease management. Here, we review the literature, considering a broad scope of biodiversity dimensions, to identify cases where zoonotic pathogen spillover is mechanistically linked to changes in biodiversity. By reframing the discussion around biodiversity and disease using mechanistic evidence - while encompassing multiple aspects of biodiversity including functional diversity, landscape diversity, phenological diversity, and interaction diversity - we work toward general principles that can guide future research and more effectively integrate the related goals of biodiversity conservation and spillover prevention. We conclude by summarizing how these principles could be used to integrate the goal of spillover prevention into ongoing biodiversity conservation initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Nova
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Morgan P Kain
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Eloise B Skinner
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Lisa Mandle
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Susanne H Sokolow
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Raina K Plowright
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Giulio A De Leo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Erin A Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sherryl L. Paz, Juan Carlos T. Gonzalez. Understanding human-flying fox interactions in the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary as basis for conservation policy interventions. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2021. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.7466.13.11.19431-19447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no documented flying fox hunting study done in the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (AMWS) which is known to harbor many threatened wildlife species. The Large Flying Fox Pteropus vampyrus is known to be threatened by hunting in the AMWS despite existing laws, such as the Wildlife Act. We conducted semi-structured interviews from September 2017 to January 2018 with 240 hunters in 10 villages through purposive sampling to determine the socio-demographic and economic profile of the hunters, their conservation awareness, perceptions on the monitoring scheme and enforcement, possible hunting patterns, and hunting drivers. Results showed that farming and fishing are the most common livelihoods of hunters. Most hunters achieved an education at the elementary level (42.9%), and belong to a household with 4–6 members (55.5%), often with only one member having a meager daily income (80.7%). Annual flooding was the main economic constraint to the hunters. Largely comprised of indigenous Manobos (62.9%), the majority of hunters did not believe in avoiding taboo species (85.4%). Most of the hunters were unaware of laws protecting Wildlife (62.9%) and unable to differentiate between threatened and non-threatened species (86.3%). Poor implementation of the monitoring scheme and insufficient enforcement were also observed in AMWS. Kites with hooks (55%) and guns (31.7%) were used to hunt P. vampyrus mostly for local consumption (83.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that daily income and engagement in conservation negatively affected hunting intensity. With many constraints in totally banning hunting in poor and wildlife-dependent indigenous communities in AMWS, flexible policies must be considered. It is more reasonable and realistic to consider science-based hunting quotas in policy interventions to balance conservation and human welfare. Positive behavioral change towards sustainable hunting and trading bans requires a combination of effective education campaigns, engagement of indigenous communities in conservation, improved enforcement, and sustainable livelihood programs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Salako G, Oyebanji OO, Olagunju TE, Howe GT. Potential impact of climate change on the distribution of some selected legumes in Cameroon and adjoining Nigeria border. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Salako
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Kwara State University Malete Nigeria
| | | | - Temidayo Ebenezer Olagunju
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu‐Alike Ikwo Ikwo Nigeria
| | - Glenn Thomas Howe
- Department of Forest Ecosystem and Society Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Birungi D, Tumwine G, Kato CD, Ssekamatte T, Ocaido M, Majalija S. Knowledge, perceptions and effects of Ebola virus disease outbreak on the pig value chain in the agro-pastoralist district of Luwero, Central Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:669. [PMID: 34243704 PMCID: PMC8268591 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks have a significant impact on the health and wellbeing, and livelihoods of communities. EVD response interventions particularly affect the food value chain, and income security of pig farmers in agro-pastoral communities. Despite the enormous effort of EVD response interventions, there is paucity of information towards EVD among those involved in the pig value chain, as well as the effect of EVD outbreaks on the pig value chain. This study therefore, assessed the knowledge, perceptions on the occurrence of Ebola and its effects on the pig value chain in the agro-pastoral district of Luweero, Central Uganda. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in two parishes of Ssambwe and Ngalonkulu, Luwero district. A total of 229 respondents were included in the study. Structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to collect data. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 22 while qualitative data was analysed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Of the 229 respondents, 95.6% could recall the occurrence of the last EVD outbreak in their locality. About 24.5% associated EVD with touching pigs or eating pork. Regarding knowledge, 194 (84.7%) correctly associated EVD with handling Ebola infected persons, 191 (83.4%) with migration of people from endemic areas, 148 (64.9%) eating monkey meat, 127 (55.5%) with eating bats, and 198 (64.9%) with conducting public meetings where there is an Ebola infected person. Out of 142 farmers, 55 (38.7%) believed that Ebola outbreaks affected demand and sale of pigs. The EVD outbreak significantly led to a reduction in the average number of pigs sold (P = 0.001), the average number of pigs bought by traders (P = 0.04), and the number of pigs sold/ slaughtered by butcher men at pork eating places (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION This study showed that EVD outbreak negatively affected the pig value chain i.e., the demand and supply of pigs and pork. Therefore, there is need to sensitize the stakeholders in the pig value chain on EVD in order to minimize the negative economic impacts associated with EVD outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Birungi
- School of Biosecurity, Ecosystem health and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gabriel Tumwine
- School of Biosecurity, Ecosystem health and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Drago Kato
- School of Biosecurity, Ecosystem health and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tonny Ssekamatte
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Ocaido
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samuel Majalija
- School of Biosecurity, Ecosystem health and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lemos LP, Loureiro LF, Morcatty TQ, Fa JE, de Vasconcelos Neto CFA, de Souza Jesus A, da Silva VC, de Oliveira Ramalho ML, de Matos Mendes A, Valsecchi J, El Bizri HR. Social Correlates of and Reasons for Primate Meat Consumption in Central Amazonia. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Dell B, Masembe C, Gerhold R, Willcox A, Okafor C, Souza M. Species misidentification in local markets: Discrepancies between reporting and molecular identification of bushmeat species in northern Uganda. One Health 2021; 13:100251. [PMID: 33997235 PMCID: PMC8102653 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushmeat hunting and consumption, although widely utilized as necessary supplement to household income and nutrition in many regions, presents threats to public health and wildlife conservation efforts. In northern Uganda, consumption of bats and primates, two wildlife groups often implicated in zoonotic disease emergence, is not widely culturally accepted; however, these species are reported by hunters to often be hunted and sold as culturally desirable species, like antelope and warthog. To investigate the prevalence of market bushmeat misidentifiction, we collected 229 bushmeat samples from 23 communities adjacent to Murchison Falls National Park. Reported species was recorded on acquisition for each sample. PCR targeting mammalian cyt b and 12 s rRNA genes and sequencing were performed to identify samples to the lowest taxonomic unit using NCBI BLAST. Overall, 27.9% (61/219) of samples had disparate results between species reported and BLAST analysis. Thirty-four species were identified, with the most frequent wildlife being waterbuck (31.5%), warthog (13.7%), and black rat (5.9%). These data reveal a public health risk for bushmeat consumers in northern Uganda as they cannot assess species-related risk when purchasing bushmeat and take appropriate precautions against zoonotic pathogen exposure. These data also provide insight into regional hunter prey preference and market preference of local community members which may inform conservation strategy in the region. The most frequently identified wildlife species were antelopes. Nearly a 30% discrepancy between species reported at point of sale and PCR confirmation. Samples from hunters had statistically lower discrepancy than cooks and dealers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- BreeAnna Dell
- The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Charles Masembe
- Makerere University College of Natural Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Gerhold
- The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Willcox
- The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Chika Okafor
- The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Marcy Souza
- The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jyrwa JD, Joshi BD, Ghosh A, Mayi Y, Nipa M, Anga N, Pali M, Thakur M, Chandra K, Sharma LK. Dimensions of changing perception towards wildlife conservation in East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalayas. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
16
|
Abstract
AbstractThe High Niger National Park is one of the most important protected areas for biodiversity conservation in Guinea. This study examined the temporal evolution of the bushmeat trade in three rural markets in the Park and in the nearest urban centre, Faranah. We collected data in markets during August–November 2017 in three villages around the Mafou core area of the Park and in Faranah, and compared these data with equivalent published data from the same rural areas in 2001 and 2011 and from Faranah in 1994, 1995, 1996 and 2011. Across all study periods, mammals predominated in the bushmeat trade. In rural markets we noted a marked increase in the number of carcasses and biomass offered for sale from 2001 onwards, whereas in Faranah there were no differences over time other than a peak in 1996. Overall, there was an increase in the sale of smaller sized species (< 10 kg), and a marked increase in the sale of species that forage on crops, including the green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus and warthog Phacochoerus africanus, in spite of religious taboos against the consumption of primates and Suidae. Green monkeys were not sold in markets during the 1990s but were the dominant species in Faranah in 2011 and 2017. Our findings suggest a marked shift in traded species, associated with crop protection by farmers and economic incentives to kill and trade crop-foraging species. This study highlights the value of a longitudinal perspective for investigating the dynamic relationship between local livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
AbstractFor most of the Democratic Republic of the Congo quantitative data on bushmeat exploitation are scarce. We conducted focus group discussions on preferred species for household consumption and income generation in 24 villages around Lomami National Park, created in 2016. We also carried out a bushmeat market survey in Kindu, a major town in the study area, to estimate annual sales volumes and retail values. Villagers reported household consumption of 22 mammal species, with the most important being the African brush-tailed porcupine, Peters's duiker, bay duiker and red river hog. The latter three were also the most important for income generation. A greater number of smaller species were consumed at the household level, compared with those traded. A total of 17 mammal and one reptile species were traded in Kindu. Those traded in greater numbers were the African brush-tailed porcupine, blue and bay duiker, red river hog, red-tailed monkey and the sitatunga. We estimated > 40,000 carcasses were traded in Kindu annually, with a retail value of USD 725,000. Several species of conservation concern, such as the bonobo, were mentioned or observed. Few rodents and numerous large animals were traded in Kindu, suggesting resources have not yet been depleted. However, both villagers and urban vendors perceived a decline of many species and reported an increase in the use of firearms and the number of foreign hunters in the area. Among other interventions, we discuss how local communities could be encouraged to help preserve wildlife in the Park's buffer zone.
Collapse
|
18
|
Devaux CA, Mediannikov O, Medkour H, Raoult D. Infectious Disease Risk Across the Growing Human-Non Human Primate Interface: A Review of the Evidence. Front Public Health 2019; 7:305. [PMID: 31828053 PMCID: PMC6849485 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the human pandemics reported to date can be classified as zoonoses. Among these, there is a long history of infectious diseases that have spread from non-human primates (NHP) to humans. For millennia, indigenous groups that depend on wildlife for their survival were exposed to the risk of NHP pathogens' transmission through animal hunting and wild meat consumption. Usually, exposure is of no consequence or is limited to mild infections. In rare situations, it can be more severe or even become a real public health concern. Since the emergence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), nobody can ignore that an emerging infectious diseases (EID) might spread from NHP into the human population. In large parts of Central Africa and Asia, wildlife remains the primary source of meat and income for millions of people living in rural areas. However, in the past few decades the risk of exposure to an NHP pathogen has taken on a new dimension. Unprecedented breaking down of natural barriers between NHP and humans has increased exposure to health risks for a much larger population, including people living in urban areas. There are several reasons for this: (i) due to road development and massive destruction of ecosystems for agricultural needs, wildlife and humans come into contact more frequently; (ii) due to ecological awareness, many long distance travelers are in search of wildlife discovery, with a particular fascination for African great apes; (iii) due to the attraction for ancient temples and mystical practices, others travelers visit Asian places colonized by NHP. In each case, there is a risk of pathogen transmission through a bite or another route of infection. Beside the individual risk of contracting a pathogen, there is also the possibility of starting a new pandemic. This article reviews the known cases of NHP pathogens' transmission to humans whether they are hunters, travelers, ecotourists, veterinarians, or scientists working on NHP. Although pathogen transmission is supposed to be a rare outcome, Rabies virus, Herpes B virus, Monkeypox virus, Ebola virus, or Yellow fever virus infections are of greater concern and require quick countermeasures from public health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Devaux
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hacene Medkour
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mayor P, El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Moya K, Solis S, Bodmer RE. Assessing the Minimum Sampling Effort Required to Reliably Monitor Wild Meat Trade in Urban Markets. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
20
|
|
21
|
|
22
|
Bruce T, Amin R, Wacher T, Fankem O, Ndjassi C, Ngo Bata M, Fowler A, Ndinga H, Olson D. Using camera trap data to characterise terrestrial larger-bodied mammal communities in different management sectors of the Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon. Afr J Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bruce
- Zoological Society of London - Cameroon; Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Rajan Amin
- Global Conservation Programmes; Zoological Society of London; London UK
| | - Tim Wacher
- Global Conservation Programmes; Zoological Society of London; London UK
| | - Oliver Fankem
- Zoological Society of London - Cameroon; Yaoundé Cameroon
| | | | | | - Andrew Fowler
- Zoological Society of London - Cameroon; Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Hilaire Ndinga
- Ministry of Forests and Wildlife, MINFOF; Dja Faunal Reserve; Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - David Olson
- Zoological Society of London - Cameroon; Yaoundé Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sustainable wildlife extraction and the impacts of socio-economic change among the Kukama-Kukamilla people of the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Peru. ORYX 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605317001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThroughout the tropics, hunting and fishing are critical livelihood activities for many Indigenous peoples. However, these practices may not be sustainable following recent socio-economic changes in Indigenous populations. To understand how human population growth and increased market integration affect hunting and fishing patterns, we conducted semi-structured interviews in five Kukama-Kukamilla communities living along the boundary of the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, in the Peruvian Amazon. Extrapolated annual harvest rates of fish and game species by these communities amounted to 1,740 t and 4,275 individuals (67 t), respectively. At least 23 fish and 27 game species were harvested. We found a positive correlation between village size and annual community-level harvest rates of fish and a negative relationship between market exposure and mean per-capita harvest rates of fish. Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) analyses indicated local depletion of fish populations around larger, more commercial communities. Catch-per-unit-effort of fish was lower in more commercial communities and fishers from the largest village travelled further into the Reserve, where CPUE was higher. We found no effect of village size or market exposure on harvest rates or CPUE of game species. However, larger, more commercial communities targeted larger, economically valuable species. This study provides evidence that human population growth and market-driven hunting and fishing pose a growing threat to wildlife and Indigenous livelihoods through increased harvest rates and selective harvesting of species vulnerable to exploitation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Recent loss of closed forests is associated with Ebola virus disease outbreaks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14291. [PMID: 29085050 PMCID: PMC5662765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a contagious, severe and often lethal form of hemorrhagic fever in humans. The association of EVD outbreaks with forest clearance has been suggested previously but many aspects remained uncharacterized. We used remote sensing techniques to investigate the association between deforestation in time and space, with EVD outbreaks in Central and West Africa. Favorability modeling, centered on 27 EVD outbreak sites and 280 comparable control sites, revealed that outbreaks located along the limits of the rainforest biome were significantly associated with forest losses within the previous 2 years. This association was strongest for closed forests (>83%), both intact and disturbed, of a range of tree heights (5–>19 m). Our results suggest that the increased probability of an EVD outbreak occurring in a site is linked to recent deforestation events, and that preventing the loss of forests could reduce the likelihood of future outbreaks.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cronin DT, Sesink Clee PR, Mitchell MW, Bocuma Meñe D, Fernández D, Riaco C, Fero Meñe M, Esara Echube JM, Hearn GW, Gonder MK. Conservation strategies for understanding and combating the primate bushmeat trade on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 28388824 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea is among the important places in Africa for the conservation of primates, but a cultural preference for bushmeat and a lack of effective law enforcement has encouraged commercial bushmeat hunting, threatening the survival of the remaining primate population. For over 13 years, we collected bushmeat market data in the Malabo market, recording over 35,000 primate carcasses, documenting "mardi gras" consumption patterns, seasonal carcass availability, and negative effects resulting from government intervention. We also conducted forest surveys throughout Bioko's two protected areas in order to localize and quantify primate populations and hunting pressure. Using these data, we were able to document the significant negative impact bushmeat hunting had on monkey populations, estimate which species are most vulnerable to hunting, and develop ecological niche models to approximate the distribution of each of Bioko's diurnal primate species. These results also have allowed for the identification of primate hotspots, such as the critically important southwest region of the Gran Caldera Scientific Reserve, and thus, priority areas for conservation on Bioko, leading to more comprehensive conservation recommendations. Current and future efforts now focus on bridging the gap between investigators and legislators in order to develop and effectively implement a management plan for Bioko's Gran Caldera Scientific Reserve and to develop a targeted educational campaign to reduce demand by changing consumer attitudes toward bushmeat. Using this multidisciplinary approach, informed by biological, socioeconomic, and cultural research, there may yet be a positive future for the primates of Bioko.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew T Cronin
- SMART Partnership, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York.,Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Paul R Sesink Clee
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Matthew W Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Demetrio Bocuma Meñe
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - David Fernández
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial.,Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cirilo Riaco
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Maximiliano Fero Meñe
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial.,Oficina de Investigación, la Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Jose Manuel Esara Echube
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial.,Facultad del Medio Ambiente, la Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Gail W Hearn
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Mary Katherine Gonder
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ordaz-Németh I, Arandjelovic M, Boesch L, Gatiso T, Grimes T, Kuehl HS, Lormie M, Stephens C, Tweh C, Junker J. The socio-economic drivers of bushmeat consumption during the West African Ebola crisis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005450. [PMID: 28282378 PMCID: PMC5362244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushmeat represents an important source of animal protein for humans in tropical Africa. Unsustainable bushmeat hunting is a major threat to wildlife and its consumption is associated with an increased risk of acquiring zoonotic diseases, such as Ebola virus disease (EVD). During the recent EVD outbreak in West Africa, it is likely that human dietary behavior and local attitudes toward bushmeat consumption changed in response to the crisis, and that the rate of change depended on prevailing socio-economic conditions, including wealth and education. In this study, we therefore investigated the effects of income, education, and literacy on changes in bushmeat consumption during the crisis, as well as complementary changes in daily meal frequency, food diversity and bushmeat preference. More specifically, we tested whether wealthier households with more educated household heads decreased their consumption of bushmeat during the EVD crisis, and whether their daily meal frequency and food diversity remained constant. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to analyze interview data from two nationwide household surveys across Liberia. We found an overall decrease in bushmeat consumption during the crisis across all income levels. However, the rate of bushmeat consumption in high-income households decreased less than in low-income households. Daily meal frequency decreased during the crisis, and the diversity of food items and preferences for bushmeat species remained constant. Our multidisciplinary approach to study the impact of EVD can be applied to assess how other disasters affect social-ecological systems and improve our understanding and the management of future crises. The consumption of wild animal meat, commonly known as bushmeat, is widespread throughout tropical regions. Bushmeat provides an essential source of protein and income for human livelihoods. However, its consumption is linked to the transmission of zoonotic diseases, such as Ebola, and its over-harvest is a major threat to many wildlife species. The bushmeat trade therefore encompasses a broad range of socio-economic and ecological issues. As such, we think it is highly important to use an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the drivers of bushmeat consumption, to improve our understanding and management of future crises. Our analysis of household interview data collected during two surveys across Liberia shows that there was an overall decrease in bushmeat consumption during the recent Ebola crisis. However, the consumption of bushmeat in wealthier households decreased less than in poorer households. In addition, we found that daily meal frequency decreased during the crisis, and the diversity of food items and preferences for bushmeat species remained constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ordaz-Németh
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Boesch
- Institute for Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tsegaye Gatiso
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Trokon Grimes
- Forestry Development Authority, Wheintown, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | - Hjalmar S. Kuehl
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Menladi Lormie
- Forestry Development Authority, Wheintown, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | - Colleen Stephens
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clement Tweh
- School of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jessica Junker
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bennett VJ. Effects of Road Density and Pattern on the Conservation of Species and Biodiversity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40823-017-0020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
28
|
Estrada A, Garber PA, Rylands AB, Roos C, Fernandez-Duque E, Di Fiore A, Nekaris KAI, Nijman V, Heymann EW, Lambert JE, Rovero F, Barelli C, Setchell JM, Gillespie TR, Mittermeier RA, Arregoitia LV, de Guinea M, Gouveia S, Dobrovolski R, Shanee S, Shanee N, Boyle SA, Fuentes A, MacKinnon KC, Amato KR, Meyer ALS, Wich S, Sussman RW, Pan R, Kone I, Li B. Impending extinction crisis of the world's primates: Why primates matter. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1600946. [PMID: 28116351 PMCID: PMC5242557 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates, our closest biological relatives, play important roles in the livelihoods, cultures, and religions of many societies and offer unique insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and the threat of emerging diseases. They are an essential component of tropical biodiversity, contributing to forest regeneration and ecosystem health. Current information shows the existence of 504 species in 79 genera distributed in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, and Asia. Alarmingly, ~60% of primate species are now threatened with extinction and ~75% have declining populations. This situation is the result of escalating anthropogenic pressures on primates and their habitats-mainly global and local market demands, leading to extensive habitat loss through the expansion of industrial agriculture, large-scale cattle ranching, logging, oil and gas drilling, mining, dam building, and the construction of new road networks in primate range regions. Other important drivers are increased bushmeat hunting and the illegal trade of primates as pets and primate body parts, along with emerging threats, such as climate change and anthroponotic diseases. Often, these pressures act in synergy, exacerbating primate population declines. Given that primate range regions overlap extensively with a large, and rapidly growing, human population characterized by high levels of poverty, global attention is needed immediately to reverse the looming risk of primate extinctions and to attend to local human needs in sustainable ways. Raising global scientific and public awareness of the plight of the world's primates and the costs of their loss to ecosystem health and human society is imperative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada
- Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anthony B. Rylands
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | | | - Vincent Nijman
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, U.K
| | - Eckhard W. Heymann
- Abteilung Verhaltensökologie und Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joanna E. Lambert
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1350 Pleasant Street UCB 233, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Claudia Barelli
- Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Joanna M. Setchell
- Department of Anthropology, and Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Thomas R. Gillespie
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Math and Science Center, Suite E510, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Miguel de Guinea
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, U.K
| | - Sidney Gouveia
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dobrovolski
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil
| | - Sam Shanee
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester M32 0PH, U.K
- Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, 1187 Avenida Belaunde, La Esperanza, Yambrasbamba, Bongará, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Noga Shanee
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester M32 0PH, U.K
- Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, 1187 Avenida Belaunde, La Esperanza, Yambrasbamba, Bongará, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Sarah A. Boyle
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Agustin Fuentes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Katherine C. MacKinnon
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Katherine R. Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Andreas L. S. Meyer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19020, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Serge Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert W. Sussman
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ruliang Pan
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia (M309), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Inza Kone
- Centre Suisse des Recherches Scientifiques, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Baoguo Li
- Xi’an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, Taibai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wilkie DS, Wieland M, Boulet H, Le Bel S, van Vliet N, Cornelis D, BriacWarnon V, Nasi R, Fa JE. Eating and conserving bushmeat in Africa. Afr J Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Wilkie
- Wildlife Conservation Society; 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY U.S.A
| | - Michelle Wieland
- Wildlife Conservation Society; 56, Avenue Colonel Ebeya, CroisementAv Kasavubu-Av Col Ebeya Kinsahasa-Gombe DR Congo
| | - Hubert Boulet
- FAO; Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome Italy
| | | | - Nathalie van Vliet
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Jalan Cifor Situ Gede Bogor 16115 Indonesia
| | | | | | - Robert Nasi
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Jalan Cifor Situ Gede Bogor 16115 Indonesia
| | - John E. Fa
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Jalan Cifor Situ Gede Bogor 16115 Indonesia
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology; School of Science and the Environment; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester M1 5GD U.K
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cawthorn DM, Hoffman LC. Controversial cuisine: A global account of the demand, supply and acceptance of “unconventional” and “exotic” meats. Meat Sci 2016; 120:19-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
31
|
Fa JE, Olivero J, Farfán MA, Lewis J, Yasuoka H, Noss A, Hattori S, Hirai M, Kamgaing TOW, Carpaneto G, Germi F, Márquez AL, Duarte J, Duda R, Gallois S, Riddell M, Nasi R. Differences between Pygmy and Non-Pygmy Hunting in Congo Basin Forests. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161703. [PMID: 27589384 PMCID: PMC5010184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We use data on game harvest from 60 Pygmy and non-Pygmy settlements in the Congo Basin forests to examine whether hunting patterns and prey profiles differ between the two hunter groups. For each group, we calculate hunted animal numbers and biomass available per inhabitant, P, per year (harvest rates) and killed per hunter, H, per year (extraction rates). We assess the impact of hunting of both hunter groups from estimates of numbers and biomass of prey species killed per square kilometre, and by examining the proportion of hunted taxa of low, medium and high population growth rates as a measure of their vulnerability to overhunting. We then map harvested biomass (kg-1P-1Yr-1) of bushmeat by Pygmies and non-Pygmies throughout the Congo Basin. Hunting patterns differ between Pygmies and non-Pygmies; Pygmies take larger and different prey and non-Pygmies sell more for profit. We show that non-Pygmies have a potentially more severe impact on prey populations than Pygmies. This is because non-Pygmies hunt a wider range of species, and twice as many animals are taken per square kilometre. Moreover, in non-Pygmy settlements there was a larger proportion of game taken of low population growth rate. Our harvest map shows that the non-Pygmy population may be responsible for 27 times more animals harvested than the Pygmy population. Such differences indicate that the intense competition that may arise from the more widespread commercial hunting by non-Pygmies is a far more important constraint and source of conflict than are protected areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Fa
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
| | - Jesús Olivero
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Farfán
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jerome Lewis
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, United Kingdom
| | - Hirokazu Yasuoka
- Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606–8501, Japan
| | - Andrew Noss
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, 3141 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611–7315, United States of America
| | - Shiho Hattori
- Faculty of International Studies, Tenri University, 1050 Somanouchi, Tenri City, Nara, 632–8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirai
- Japan Forest Technology Association, 7 Rokubancho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 102–0085, Japan
| | - Towa O. W. Kamgaing
- Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606–8501, Japan
- Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife, P.O. Box 14794, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Ana Luz Márquez
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Romain Duda
- Ethnoecology Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Département Hommes, Natures, Sociétés MNHN—Musée de l'Homme 17 place du Trocadéro, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Gallois
- Ethnoecology Laboratory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Département Hommes, Natures, Sociétés MNHN—Musée de l'Homme 17 place du Trocadéro, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Michael Riddell
- Bioclimate, Research and Development, UN House, 4 Hunter Square, Edinburgh, EH1 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Nasi
- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), CIFOR Headquarters, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jost Robinson CA, Zollner PA, Kpanou JB. Night and day: evaluating transect methodologies to monitor duikers in the Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. Afr J Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Jost Robinson
- Department of Anthropology; University of North Carolina, Wilmington; 601 S. College Rd. Wilmington NC 28403 U.S.A
| | - Patrick A Zollner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
AbstractFor most Ivorian regions quantitative data on the exploitation of bushmeat by local communities are scarce. We studied hunting patterns around Dassioko Sud Forest Reserve, a remnant coastal forest in south-eastern Côte d'Ivoire, through a 6-month survey of nine restaurants, in three villages surrounding the Reserve. We collected quantitative and qualitative data on the bushmeat brought to restaurants, as well as the final price for which it was sold. We calculated mean prices over the study period and extrapolated to the whole year. A total of 376 mammals (98%) and eight reptiles (2%) were sold in the restaurants surveyed. Rodents and small antelopes represented 74% of the mammals sold, probably reflecting the fact that reproductive strategists persist more successfully in heavily hunted and/or agricultural landscapes, such as the area around the Reserve. Our conservative estimate of the total biomass of bushmeat harvested annually around the Reserve is c. 40,428.03 kg (c. 11,886 animals), with a monetary value of c. FCFA 47,728,516 (c. USD 93,485.75 ), yielding an annual income of c. USD10,387.31 per person, which exceeds the mean annual income of cocoa farmers (FCFA 466,032/USD 932) more than tenfold. Although the sustainability of the bushmeat trade in the surveyed area remains unknown, we showed that hunters predominantly used cable snares, the Reserve was significantly affected by hunting activities (c. 53% of the bushmeat originated there), and larger mammalian species had been extirpated. A lack of effective protection exposes the Reserve to multiple illegal activities, including hunting, a situation exacerbated by the political crisis in 2010.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ziegler S, Fa JE, Wohlfart C, Streit B, Jacob S, Wegmann M. Mapping Bushmeat Hunting Pressure in Central Africa. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ziegler
- WWF Germany; Reinhardtstraße 18 10117 Berlin Germany
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt on Main Germany
| | - John E. Fa
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology; School of Science and the Environment; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester M1 5GD U.K
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); CIFOR Headquarters; Bogor 16115 Indonesia
| | - Christian Wohlfart
- Company for Remote Sensing and Environmental Research (SLU); c/o DLR Oberpfaffenhofen; Earth Observation Center; German Remote Sensing Data Center; 82234 Wessling Germany
| | - Bruno Streit
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt on Main Germany
| | - Stefanie Jacob
- Department of Remote Sensing; Institute of Geography and Geology; University of Würzburg; Oswald-Külpe-Weg 86 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Wegmann
- Department of Remote Sensing; Institute of Geography and Geology; University of Würzburg; Oswald-Külpe-Weg 86 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mossoun A, Pauly M, Akoua-Koffi C, Couacy-Hymann E, Leendertz SAJ, Anoh AE, Gnoukpoho AH, Leendertz FH, Schubert G. Contact to Non-human Primates and Risk Factors for Zoonotic Disease Emergence in the Taï Region, Côte d'Ivoire. ECOHEALTH 2015; 12:580-91. [PMID: 26302959 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Elevated exposure levels to non-human primates (NHP) and NHP bushmeat represent major risk factors for zoonotic disease transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Demography can affect personal nutritional behavior, and thus rates of contact to NHP bushmeat. Here, we analyzed demographic and NHP contact data from 504 participants of differing demographic backgrounds living in proximity to the Taï National Park in Western Côte d'Ivoire (CI) to identify factors impacting the risk of NHP exposure. Overall, participants' contact rates to NHP were high, and increased along a gradient of bushmeat processing (e.g., 7.7% hunted, but 61.9% consumed monkeys). Contact to monkeys was significantly more frequent than to chimpanzees, most likely a reflection of meat availability and hunting effort. 17.2% of participants reported previous interaction with NHP pets. Generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed significant effects of sex, country of birth or ethnicity on rates of NHP bushmeat contact, with male participants from CI being at particular risk of exposure to NHP. The presence of zoonotic pathogens in humans and NHP in Taï further highlights the risk for zoonotic disease emergence in this region. Our results are relevant for formulating prevention strategies to reduce zoonotic pathogen burden in tropical Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsène Mossoun
- Laboratoire National d`appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, 01 BP V34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Maude Pauly
- Project Group "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouaké, 01 BP V18, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann
- Laboratoire National d`appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Siv Aina J Leendertz
- Project Group "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Augustin E Anoh
- Laboratoire National d`appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouaké, 01 BP V18, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ange H Gnoukpoho
- Laboratoire National d`appui au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouaké, 01 BP V18, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Project Group "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grit Schubert
- Project Group "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cawthorn DM, Hoffman LC. The bushmeat and food security nexus: A global account of the contributions, conundrums and ethical collisions. Food Res Int 2015. [PMCID: PMC7126303 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|