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Alhasan K, Aljamaan F, Ajlan A, Aleid H, Al Ghoufi T, Alabbad SI, AlDhaferi RF, Almaiman W, Ali T, Hakami AA, Hakami RA, Alqarni BS, Alrashed AS, Alsharidi TR, Almousa HA, Altamimi I, Alhaboob A, Jamal A, Shalaby MA, Kari JA, Raina R, Broering DC, Temsah MH. Awareness, Attitudes, and Willingness: A Cross-Sectional Study of Organ Donation in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3126. [PMID: 38132016 PMCID: PMC10742515 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ transplantation is inherently dependent on the availability of organ donors. There is a noticeable paucity of literature addressing the rates of organ donation registration and the awareness of Islamic regulations (Fatwa) regarding organ donation within Saudi Arabia. Our study aimed to evaluate the level of organ donation registration, awareness of Islamic regulations, and knowledge of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation (SCOT) within the Saudi society. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey from 30 March to 9 April 2023. This survey aimed to assess the awareness of Islamic (Fatwa) guidance on organ donation, the role of SCOT, and the rate of organ donation registration facilitated through the Tawakkalna app, the official health passport application in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Out of 2329 respondents, 21% had registered as potential deceased organ donors, despite 87% acknowledging the importance of organ donation. Awareness of the Islamic Fatwa regarding organ donation was reported by 54.7% of respondents, and 37% recognized the Fatwa's acceptance of brain death criteria. The likelihood of registration as organ donors was higher among Saudi citizens under 45 years of age, females, healthcare workers (HCWs), individuals with higher education, relatives of patients awaiting organ donations, those informed about the Islamic Fatwas, and those willing to donate organs to friends. Conversely, being over the age of 25, Saudi nationality, employment as an HCW, awareness of SCOT, and prior organ donation registration were predictive of a heightened awareness of Islamic Fatwas. However, perceiving the importance of organ donation correlated with a lower awareness of the Fatwas. Significant positive correlations were found between awareness of SCOT, awareness of Fatwas, and registration for organ donation. CONCLUSIONS While the Saudi population exhibits a high regard for the importance of organ donation, this recognition is not adequately translated into registration rates. The discrepancy may be attributable to limited awareness of SCOT and the relevant Islamic Fatwas. It is imperative to initiate organ donation awareness campaigns that focus on religious authorization to boost organ donation rates and rectify prevalent misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alhasan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Kidney and Pancreas Health Center, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Critical Care Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Ajlan
- Transplant Clinical Pharmacy Section, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Aleid
- Kidney and Pancreas Health Center, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Al Ghoufi
- Saudi Center of Organ Transplantation, Riyadh 12823, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I. Alabbad
- Kidney and Pancreas Health Center, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rezqah F. AlDhaferi
- Kidney and Pancreas Health Center, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiam Almaiman
- Kidney and Pancreas Health Center, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Ali
- Kidney and Pancreas Health Center, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Baraah S. Alqarni
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf S. Alrashed
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamad A. Almousa
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Altamimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Family and Community Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Shalaby
- Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela A. Kari
- Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Raina
- Akron Nephrology Associates, Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44302, USA
| | - Dieter C. Broering
- Kidney and Pancreas Health Center, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Brand S, Daga S, Mistry K, Morsy M, Bagul A, Hamer R, Malik S. Sikh and Muslim perspectives on kidney transplantation: phase 1 of the DiGiT project - a qualitative descriptive study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e059668. [PMID: 38040423 PMCID: PMC10693862 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kidney transplantation offers patients better quality of life and survival compared with dialysis. The risk of end stage renal disease is higher among ethnic minorities and they experience longer wait times on transplant lists. This inequality stems from a high need for kidney transplantation combined with a low rate of deceased donation among ethnic minority groups. This study aimed to explore the perspectives around living donor kidney transplantation of members of the Sikh and Muslim communities with an aim to develop a digital intervention to overcome any barriers. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study using in person focus groups. SETTING University Teaching Hospital and Transplant Centre. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sampling of participants from the transplant population. Three focus groups were held with 20 participants, all were of South Asian ethnicity belonging to the Sikh and Muslim communities. METHODS Interviews were digitally audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim; transcripts were analysed thematically. RESULTS Four themes were identified: (a) religious issues; (b) lack of knowledge within the community; (c) time; (d) cultural identification with transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Not only is the information given and when it is delivered important, but also the person giving the information is crucial to enhance consideration of live donor kidney transplantation. Information should be in a first language where possible and overtly align to religious considerations. A more integrated approach to transplantation counselling should be adopted which includes healthcare professionals and credible members of the target cultural group. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04327167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brand
- Department of Nephrology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sunil Daga
- Department of Nephrology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kirit Mistry
- South Asian Health Action Charity, Leicester, UK
| | - Mohamed Morsy
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Atul Bagul
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Rizwan Hamer
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Nephrology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Shafi Malik
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Soqia J, Ataya J, Alhomsi R, Soqia H, Kakaje A, Saadoun R, Hamzeh A. Attitudes and factors influencing organ donation decision-making in Damascus, Syria: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18150. [PMID: 37875722 PMCID: PMC10598269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ donation is vital to saving lives, but its success depends on people's willingness to donate organs. This descriptive cross-sectional survey aimed to investigate attitudes towards organ donation in Damascus, Syria. Understanding attitudes is crucial for the success of organ donation programs, especially in countries with similar settings. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey aimed at understanding patients' attitudes towards organ donation in Damascus, Syria. Data was collected through a carefully constructed validated survey through face-to-face interviews. 600 participants were randomly interviewed, 62.8% agreed to donate their organs after death, with helping others being the primary reason. Religious beliefs were the primary reason for organ refusal in males, while for females, it was lack of knowledge and religious beliefs. However, there were no significant differences between genders or educational level and age groups in the acceptance of organ donation. The percentage of those who agree to donate their organs after death encourages taking an effective step to build an integrated donation system, not just a center. Bearing in mind that there is no correlation with age, gender or even educational level, which means that the system may include different groups of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Soqia
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
- German-Syrian Research Society e.V., Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Jamal Ataya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Rawan Alhomsi
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria
| | - Horiya Soqia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rakan Saadoun
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mannheim Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ammar Hamzeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Gebert JT, Zhang M. Fewer medical students are open to body donation after dissecting human cadavers. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 57:369-378. [PMID: 36208394 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cadaver dissection has long been hailed as a vital component of medical education. Although most physicians acknowledge positive impacts of cadaver dissection on their learning, they are less likely to will their bodies for anatomical dissection than the general public. This study aims to determine whether the proportion of medical students open to willed body donation changes after completing cadaver dissection. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study surveying 323 medical students across three cohorts before and after anatomical dissection of human cadavers. Through the survey, students indicated whether they would will their body for anatomical dissection. Additionally, students responded to items regarding the rationale underlying their decision, demographics and perceived effects of anatomical dissection on medical education. RESULTS The proportion of students who expressed openness to willed body donation decreased by 25% after cadaver dissection. Of the 171 students who initially stated they would will their body, 61 (35%) changed their response after completing cadaver dissection. Those who cited religion as a motivating factor were less likely to show openness to body donation, whereas those who cited ethical factors were more likely. CONCLUSIONS This study documents a substantial decrease in the proportion of students open to willed body donation after completion of cadaver dissection. Despite this, students almost universally report educational benefits of cadaver dissection. This raises interesting questions regarding the emotional impact of cadaver dissection and the ethical implications of willed body donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thomas Gebert
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate Program in Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Chen X, Wei W, Ai W. Organ donation: Key factors influencing the younger generation's decision-making in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1052875. [PMID: 36815163 PMCID: PMC9940821 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1052875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The organ transplantation sector in China is facing a severe shortage of donors, and the organ donation rate needs to be increased. Since 2015, voluntary donation by citizens has become the only source of organs for transplantation in China. In recent years, there has been a relatively positive change in young people's attitudes toward organ donation after death. The aim of the study was to understand young people's perceptions and attitudes toward organ donation and the factors that influence them and can positively impact the promotion of organ donation. Methods By analyzing relevant literature and legal texts, we developed a questionnaire. Information was obtained through questionnaires and interviews, and 501 valid questionnaires were returned from the target group. A chi-square test was used to examine whether there were significant differences in the willingness to organ donation among young people with different characteristics. A factor analysis was used to investigate the main factors influencing the different attitudes of young people toward organ donation, and a one-way ANOVA was used to examine whether young people with different characteristics were affected differently by different factors. Results In our survey of young people aged 18-30 years, 99.2% of respondents knew about organ donation, 47.1% were willing to donate organs, and 15.2% understood that there were corresponding laws and regulations for organ donation. The study's findings showed that urban residents are more willing to be organ donators than rural residents; people with higher education levels have better awareness and are more willing to donate an organ; and people with religious beliefs are more likely to donate organs. The main factors that support the willingness of young people to donate are the social environment that provides support, their optimism in dealing with death, and their desire to realize their final value after death. The main factors for those unwilling to donate were low awareness or misconceptions about organ donation among individuals and their families and their attitudes toward death. As the people who took the questionnaire are probably interested in organ donation, the sample results will show a higher percentage of people who know about organ donation. We hope to discuss further with a larger and broader sample coverage to improve the estimates' validity and reflect the overall picture more accurately in a future study. Conclusion Young people knew about organ donation but had a low depth of awareness. Household registration type, education level, and religious affiliation significantly correlate with people's willingness to donate. The supportive environment for organ donation in society and the correct understanding of the organ donation process and laws and regulations can influence people's willingness to donate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Chen
- Department of International Finance, School of Finance, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wei Wei ✉
| | - Weili Ai
- Department of Law, College of Philosophy, Law and Political Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Padela AI, Titi M, Keval A, Abdelrahim MT. Muslims, Islam, and Organ Donation: Righting Social Narratives and Designing Ethically Balanced Educational Interventions. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2022; 20:885-894. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2022.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alolod GP, Gardiner HM, Blunt R, Yucel RM, Siminoff LA. Organ Donation Willingness Among Asian Americans: Results from a National Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1478-1491. [PMID: 35595917 PMCID: PMC9675880 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial group in the USA, but their health disparities are often overlooked. Although their needs for transplantable organs are substantial, they have the lowest rates of organ donation per million compared to other Americans by race. To better understand Asian Americans' disposition toward organ donation, a self-administered survey was developed based on formative data collection and guidance from a Community Advisory Board composed of Asian American stakeholders. The instrument was deployed online, and quota sampling based on the 2017 American Community Survey was used to achieve a sample representative (N = 899) of the Asian American population. Bivariate tests using logistic regression and the chi-square test of independence were performed. Over half (58.1%) of respondents were willing to be organ donors. A majority (81.8%) expressed a willingness to donate a family member's organs, but enthusiasm depended on the family member's donor wishes. Only 9.5% of respondents indicated that the decision to donate their organs was theirs alone to make; the remainder would involve at least one other family member. Other key sociodemographic associations were found. This study demonstrates both the diversity of Asian Americans but also the centrality of the family's role in making decisions about organ donation. Practice and research considerations for the field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard P Alolod
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Heather M Gardiner
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Blunt
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Recai M Yucel
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A Siminoff
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Craig M, Quinn M, Saunders MR, Padela AI. Muslim Americans' Views on Making Organ Donation Decisions in the Department of Motor Vehicles Setting. Prog Transplant 2021; 31:323-329. [PMID: 34704884 DOI: 10.1177/15269248211046003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Organ donation-related education is offered, and decisions are made at state Department of Motor Vehicles; however, little is known about Muslim Americans' attitudes toward these common practices. Research Questions: Are participants comfortable learning about deceased organ donation in the Department of Motor Vehicles setting? Are participants prepared to make deceased organ donation-related decisions at the Department of Motor Vehicles? Design: A survey of Muslim Americans attending an educational workshop at 4 mosques in two US cities. Primary study outcomes were self-reported (a) preparedness to make deceased donation-related decisions and (b) comfort with receiving organ donation education in the license renewal setting. We calculated Pearson product-moment correlations between these primary outcomes and participant characteristics including sociodemographic descriptors, religiosity and religious coping measures, and discrimination measures. Results: Most respondents indicated they were not prepared to make organ donation-related decisions at the Department of Motor Vehicles (79.6%). Preparedness did not vary by age, gender, country of origin or US residency duration, nor by religiosity, negative religious coping, or experiences of discrimination. However, higher scores on positive religious coping were associated with lower ratings of preparedness. A slight majority (58.9%) of respondents were comfortable receiving organ donation education. Conclusions: Muslim Americans are comfortable with learning about organ donation while at the Department of Motor Vehicles but are ill-prepared to make deceased donation-related decisions in the same setting. Further research is required to understand whether changes to the license renewal setting would improve decision-making outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Craig
- 456378National Kidney Foundation of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,2029Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Michael Quinn
- Department of Medicine, 2462the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Milda R Saunders
- Department of Medicine, 2462the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aasim I Padela
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, Brookfield, WI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Viñuela-Prieto JM, Escarpa Falcón MC, Candel FJ, Mateos Rodríguez A, Torres González JI, Del Río Gallegos F. Family Refusal to Consent Donation: Retrospective Quantitative Analysis of Its Increasing Tendency and the Associated Factors Over the Last Decade at a Spanish Hospital. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2112-2121. [PMID: 34419253 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ and tissue recovery remains limited by several factors. This study retrospectively analyzes the factors associated with family refusal to consent to donation at a high-donor-volume Spanish hospital. METHODS Data regarding the annual number of potential donors and family refusal rates at hospital and regional levels were retrieved from 2008 to 2017. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to detect those factors independently associated with family refusal. Results were cross-validated using the data from years 2018 and 2019 as the validation group. To explore potential inter-relations between factors a Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 601 family interviews for petition of consent were conducted between 2008 and 2017, 531 (88.4%) resulted in acceptance and 70 (11.6%) resulted in refusal of the donation. Lesser experience of the interviewers (odds ratio [OR], 2.980; P = .001), donation after brain death (OR, 2.485; P = .013), number of interviews conducted per family (OR, 1.892; P < .001), age of the main decision maker (OR, 1.025; P = .045), and high or middle attributed cultural levels (OR, 0.142; P < .001 and OR, 0.199; P < .001 respectively) were observed to be independently associated with the family final decision. The logistic regression model displayed good predictive power for both derivation and validation cohorts, with an overall predictive accuracy of 80.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.747-0.870; P < .001) and 74.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.635-0.854; P = .001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Transplant coordination team members having a thorough knowledge of the family decision mechanisms may be a key factor in donation process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Viñuela-Prieto
- Transplant Coordination Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco Javier Candel
- Transplant Coordination Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alonso Mateos Rodríguez
- Regional Organization for Transplant Coordination (ORCT), Community of Madrid Health Service (SERMAS), Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Torres González
- Regional Organization for Transplant Coordination (ORCT), Community of Madrid Health Service (SERMAS), Madrid, Spain; Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry School, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Del Río Gallegos
- Transplant Coordination Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Regional Organization for Transplant Coordination (ORCT), Community of Madrid Health Service (SERMAS), Madrid, Spain
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Padela AI, Duivenbode R, Quinn M, Saunders MR. Informing American Muslims about living donation through tailored health education: A randomized controlled crossover trial evaluating increase in biomedical and religious knowledge. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1227-1237. [PMID: 32772460 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical and religious knowledge affects organ donation attitudes among Muslims. We tested the effectiveness of mosque-based, religiously tailored, ethically balanced education on organ donation among Muslim Americans. Our randomized, controlled, crossover trial took place at 4 mosques randomized to an early arm where organ donation education preceded a control educational workshop or a late arm with the order reversed. Primary outcomes were changes in biomedical (Rotterdam Renal Replacement Knowledge Test living donation subscale, R3KT) and religious (Islamic Knowledge of Living Organ Donation, IK-LOD) living kidney donation knowledge. Statistical analysis employed a 2 (Treatment Arm) X 3 (Time of Assessment) mixed-method analysis of variance. Of 158 participants, 59 were in the early arm and 99 in the late arm. A between group t test comparison at Period 1 (Time 1 - Time 2), demonstrated that the early arm had a significantly higher mean IK-LOD (7.11 v 5.19, P < .05) and R3KT scores (7.65 v 4.90, P < .05) when compared to the late arm. Late arm participants also had significant increases in mean IK-LOD (5.19 v 7.16, P < .05) and R3KT scores (4.90 v. 6.81, P < .05) postintervention (Time 2-Time 3). Our novel program thus yielded significant kidney donation-related knowledge gains among Muslim Americans (NCT04443114 Clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim I Padela
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rosie Duivenbode
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Quinn
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Milda R Saunders
- MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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YAKAR B, SERTDEMİR BATBAŞ C, ÖNALAN E, İÇAÇAN G, DEMİR M. Kronik böbrek hastaları ve sağlıklı bireylerin organ bağışına yönelik tutumları ve ilişkili faktörler. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.734337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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12
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Padela AI, Duivenbode R, Saunders MR, Quinn M, Koh E. The impact of religiously tailored and ethically balanced education on intention for living organ donation among Muslim Americans. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e14111. [PMID: 33063912 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We tested the efficacy of religiously tailored and ethically balanced education upon living kidney organ donation intent among Muslim Americans. Pre-post changes in participant stage of change, preparedness, and likelihood judged efficacy. Among 137 participants, mean stage of change toward donation appeared to improve (0.59; SD ± 1.07, P < .0001), as did the group's preparedness to make a donation decision (0.55; SD ± 0.86, P < .0001), and likelihood to donate a kidney (0.39; SD ± 0.85, P < .0001). Mean change in likelihood to encourage a loved one, a co-worker, or a mosque community member with ESRD to seek a living donor also increased (0.22; SD ± 0.84, P = .0035, 0.23; SD ± 0.82, P = .0021, 0.33; SD ± 0.79, P < .0001 respectively). Multivariate ordered logistic regression models revealed that gains in biomedical knowledge regarding organ donation increased odds for positive change in preparedness (OR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.01-1.41, P = .03), while increasing age associated with lower odds of positive change in stage of change (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.998, P = .03), and prior registration as an organ donor lowered odds for an increase in likelihood to donate a kidney (OR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.08-0.60, P = .003). Our intervention appears to enhance living kidney donation-related intent among Muslim Americans [Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT04443114].
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim I Padela
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rosie Duivenbode
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Milda R Saunders
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Quinn
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Koh
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Padela AI, Duivenbode R, Quinn M. The Development and Validation of the Islamic Knowledge of Living Organ Donation Knowledge Scale for Measuring Organ Donation Knowledge Among Muslim Communities. Prog Transplant 2020; 30:315-321. [DOI: 10.1177/1526924820958119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Studies around the world demonstrate that Muslim attitudes toward organ donation are closely tied to religion, but also that Muslim publics suffer from a lack of detailed knowledge about the Islamic perspectives on organ donation. Consequently, organ donation professionals and stakeholders are increasingly addressing knowledge gaps in the Muslim community through educational interventions. Yet, a measurement of Islamic knowledge of organ donation, and thereby the efficacy of such education, is not available. Research Question: To present the development and psychometric evaluation of the Islamic Knowledge of Living Organ Donation scale, designed to measure knowledge of the Islamic ethicolegal stances, and their underlying rationale, regarding living organ donation. Methods: Items were developed based on a review of Islamic juridical perspectives on organ donation, addressed knowledge gaps pervading Muslim communities, and pilot tested. The scale was statistically validated and psychometrically analyzed with a sample of 158 mosque-going Muslims in the United States. Results: The 9-item Islamic Knowledge of Living Organ Donation scale was found to be reliable (Cronbach α: 0.86), unidimensional, independent of religiosity, and predictive of social attitudes toward organ donation. Discussion: The survey can be used to validly assess Islamic knowledge of living organ donation among Muslim communities in research, educational, and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim I. Padela
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Rosie Duivenbode
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Michael Quinn
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Miller AC, Khan AM, Vahedian-Azimi A. Clarification on Islamic Jurisprudence and Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e583. [PMID: 32766431 PMCID: PMC7371101 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nazareth Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abbas M. Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nazareth Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Miller AC, Khan AM, Hebishi K, Castro Bigalli AA, Vahedian-Azimi A. Ethical Issues Confronting Muslim Patients in Perioperative and Critical Care Environments: A Survey of Islamic Jurisprudence. Anesthesiol Clin 2020; 38:379-401. [PMID: 32336391 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethical dilemmas may arise when medical management conflicts with a patient's values, culture, religion, or legal considerations. Many Muslims encounter ethical dilemmas as patients in perioperative and critical care settings. This article discusses the fundamentals of Islamic jurisprudence and how this may affect hospitalized patients in terms of cleanliness and prayer in the setting of stoma and urinary catheters, fasting, transfusion, transplants, xenografts and animal-based medications, do-not-resuscitate orders, and postmortem examinations. Provider familiarity with how such situations may affect Muslim patients is important to navigate potential conflict and to deliver competent care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vidant Medical Center, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, 600 Moye Boulevard, Mailstop 625, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; The MORZAK Collaborative, 600 Moye Boulevard, Mailstop 625, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Abbas M Khan
- The MORZAK Collaborative, 600 Moye Boulevard, Mailstop 625, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Karim Hebishi
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Vidant Medical Center, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, 600 Moye Boulevard, Mailstop 628, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Alberto A Castro Bigalli
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, 600 Moye Boulevard, Room 2S-20, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19575-174, Sheykh bahayi Stress, Vanak Square, Tehran, Iran
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Ali A, Ahmed T, Ayub A, Dano S, Khalid M, El‐Dassouki N, Orchanian‐Cheff A, Alibhai S, Mucsi I. Organ donation and transplant: The Islamic perspective. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e13832. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abeera Ali
- Division of Nephrology Multi‐Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Tibyan Ahmed
- Division of Nephrology Multi‐Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ali Ayub
- Division of Nephrology Multi‐Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sumaya Dano
- Division of Nephrology Multi‐Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Maroof Khalid
- Division of Nephrology Multi‐Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Noor El‐Dassouki
- Division of Nephrology Multi‐Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ani Orchanian‐Cheff
- Library and Information Services University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Shabbir Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Division of Nephrology Multi‐Organ Transplant Program University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
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Padela AI, Auda J. The Moral Status of Organ Donation and Transplantation Within Islamic Law: The Fiqh Council of North America's Position. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e536. [PMID: 32195327 PMCID: PMC7056282 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muslim communities tend to hold more negative attitudes toward organ donation than other communities. These views, in part, reflect the diverse views of Islamic scholars who debate the conditions under which donation and transplantation is morally licit. In December 2018, the Fiqh Council of North America (FCNA) weighed in on the US context of donation and transplantation through an Islamic ethico-legal verdict (fatwa). METHODS Between 2016 and 2018, FCNA members engaged in multidisciplinary research using conventions of collective Islamic moral deliberation. They examined rulings on organ donation and transplantation issued by Islamic jurists and juridical councils abroad, convened with organ donation and transplantation professionals and stakeholders including families and patients, and consulted medical and bioethics experts. RESULTS FCNA judges organ donation to be morally permissible from the perspective of Islamic law and ethics, subject to several conditions. These include first-person authorization, that donation occur either while living or after circulatory declaration of death, harm to the donor is minimized, reproductive organs are not donated, among others. Organ transplantation, in general, was also deemed licit. CONCLUSIONS FCNA's verdict uniquely addresses American contexts and has several clinical practice implications. By sharing their perspective with academic and professional stakeholders, the council aims to provide nuanced guidance for assisting Muslims in making informed choices regarding these procedures and further societal dialogue on the ethics and practices of donation and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim I. Padela
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Fiqh Council of North America, Plainfield, IL
| | - Jasser Auda
- Fiqh Council of North America, Plainfield, IL
- Maqasid Institute Global, Ottawa, Canada
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18
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Duivenbode R, Hall S, Padela AI. A Mosque-Based Qualitative Study on American Muslim Women's Organ Donation Beliefs. Prog Transplant 2020; 30:56-62. [PMID: 31896303 DOI: 10.1177/1526924819893933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detailed studies on the associations between religious beliefs and organ donation attitudes among religious minorities remain wanting. Although Muslims appear to have low rates of support for donation, how these behaviors relate to religious frameworks requires further investigation. METHODS We sought to explore the relationship between religious beliefs (Islam) and organ donation attitudes through focus groups with 43 Muslim women from 5 Chicago-area mosques. Purposive selection of mosques generated near-equal representation of Arabs, South Asians, and African Americans, as well as diversity in education and income. Using the theory of planned behavior as our conceptual framework, we expanded the traditional normative domain to include religiously informed beliefs. FINDINGS We found that the relationship between religious beliefs and Muslim attitudes toward organ donation is more complex than commonly perceived. Regarding the Islamic ethicolegal permissibility of organ donation, participants expressed a range of normative beliefs. Furthermore, participants voiced concerns beyond religious permissibility, including anxieties over modesty violations during the donation process, as well as concerns about purported black market organ trade and medical risks to donors. DISCUSSION Given that participants raised religious, societal, and biomedical concerns regarding organ donation, our findings suggest that effective educational programs should involve nuanced curricula that teach to the plurality of Islamic ethicolegal opinions and discuss transplantation processes within the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Duivenbode
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Hall
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Section of Emergency Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aasim I Padela
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Section of Emergency Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ahmed M, Kubilis P, Padela A. American Muslim Physician Attitudes Toward Organ Donation. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:1717-1730. [PMID: 30076496 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Religious beliefs and values impact Muslim patients' attitudes toward a variety of healthcare decisions, including organ donation. Muslim physician attitudes toward organ donation, however, are less well studied. Utilizing a national survey of physician members of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, relationships between religiosity, patterns of bioethics resource utilization, and sociodemographic characteristics with attitudes toward organ donation were assessed. Of 255 respondents, 251 answered the target question, "in your understanding, does Islamic bioethics and law permit organ donation?." 177 respondents (70%) answered positively, 30 (12%) negatively, and 46 (18%) did not know. Despite the overwhelming majority of respondents believing organ donation to be permitted by Islamic bioethics and law, fewer than one-third (n = 72, 30%) are registered donors. Several sociodemographic features had a positive association with believing organ donation to be permitted: ethnic descent other than that of South Asian, having immigrated to the USA as an adult, and male sex. When using a logistic regression model controlling for these three variables as potential confounders, the best predictor of Muslim physicians believing organ donation to be permissible was utilization of an Imam as a bioethical resource (odds ratio 5.9, p = 0.02). Religiosity variables were not found to be associated with views on the Islamic permissibility of organ donation. While Muslim American physicians appear to believe there is religious support for organ donation, only a minority sign up to be donors. Greater study is needed to understand how physicians' attitudes regarding donation impact discussions between patients and physicians regarding the possibility of donating and of receiving a transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, P.O. Box 100277, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Paul Kubilis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, P.O. Box 100265, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Aasim Padela
- Initiative on Islam and Medicine, Program on Medicine and Religion, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave., MC 5068, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Jones CP, Papadopoulos C, Randhawa G. Primary care interventions to encourage organ donation registration: A systematic review. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2017; 31:268-275. [PMID: 28951124 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has proposed that primary care interventions to increase organ donation rates can help address the discrepancy between organ donation rates and the number of patients awaiting transplant. However, no systematic review has been conducted to examine interventions in this setting. OBJECTIVE To synthesise evidence from previous organ donation interventions conducted in a primary care setting. METHODS Six databases and grey literature were systematically searched between November 2016 and July 2017. Inclusion criteria included English language, studies published after the year 2000 and unpublished studies. A quality assessment and narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, nine of which examined actual organ donor registration as their primary outcome. Eight interventions increased registration to be an organ donor. Successful interventions utilised active methods of participant engagement that encouraged donation at the point of patient contact. DISCUSSION Despite the small pool of studies that met the inclusion criteria, the results suggest that primary care interventions could produce promising results for increasing organ donation registration. However, additional higher quality studies are required before firm conclusions can be made. Barriers to implementation were also found and suggest that the feasibility of a primary care environment for organ donation intervention should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Pedder Jones
- Institute of Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury, Hitchin Road, Luton LU2 8LE, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Papadopoulos
- Institute of Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury, Hitchin Road, Luton LU2 8LE, United Kingdom
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute of Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury, Hitchin Road, Luton LU2 8LE, United Kingdom.
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21
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Wong KH, Kam KW, Chen LJ, Young AL. Corneal blindness and current major treatment concern-graft scarcity. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1154-1162. [PMID: 28730122 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.07.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to World Health Organization, the global prevalence of blindness in 2010 was 39 million people, among which 4% were due to corneal opacities. Often, the sole resort for visual restoration of patients with damaged corneas is corneal transplantation. However, despite rapid developments of surgical techniques, instrumentations and immunosuppressive agents, corneal blindness remains a prevalent global health issue. This is largely due to the scarcity of good quality corneal grafts. In this review, the causes of corneal blindness, its major treatment options, and the major contributory factors of corneal graft scarcity with potential solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Hie Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wai Kam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Gupta V, Chandra A, Rahul, Singh M, Shrivastava PK, Singhai A, Ojha BK, Chandra G, Khan MP, Pandey S, Kant R. Establishing a deceased donor program in north Indian region: lessons learnt. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:633-40. [PMID: 27087634 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Living-related donors are the source of almost all organ transplants in India. However, these donations fall far short of current needs, and there remains a huge disparity between demand and supply of organs. In the last five yr, a consistent increase in deceased donor transplant activity has been observed in some southern Indian states. This report describes our experience of establishing a new deceased donor program in the state of Uttar Pradesh in north India. METHODS We describe our experience on counseling families of all brain-dead patients admitted to our center from October 2013 to September 2014 and data on retrieving and transplanting organs. RESULTS A total of 99 brain-dead patients were identified, of which 67 were medically eligible as donors. Fourteen patients developed cardiac arrest before the counseling could begin. Only eight families agreed for multi-organ donation. CONCLUSION Lack of consensus among the family members, mistrust of the medical system, fear of mutilation of the body, and delay in the funeral were identified as the main reasons behind negative consent. Conversely, mass media campaign, proper ICU care of brain-dead patients, rapport with the family and streamlining all medico legal processes were associated with positive consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gupta
- Department of Human Organ Transplant, KGMU, Luknow, India
| | | | - Rahul
- Surgical Gastroenterology, KGMU, Luknow, India
| | - Manmeet Singh
- Department of Human Organ Transplant, KGMU, Luknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sant Pandey
- Department of Human Organ Transplant, KGMU, Luknow, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Human Organ Transplant, KGMU, Luknow, India
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Ralph AF, Alyami A, Allen RDM, Howard K, Craig JC, Chadban SJ, Irving M, Tong A. Attitudes and beliefs about deceased organ donation in the Arabic-speaking community in Australia: a focus group study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010138. [PMID: 26787253 PMCID: PMC4735320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the beliefs and attitudes to organ donation in the Arabic-speaking community. DESIGN Arabic-speaking participants were purposively recruited to participate in 6 focus groups. Transcripts were analysed thematically. PARTICIPANTS 53 participants, aged 19-77 years, and originating from 8 countries, participated in 1 of 6 focus groups. Participants identified as Christian (73%), Islam (26%), Buddhist (2%) or did not identify with any religion (2%). RESULTS 6 themes (with subthemes) were identified; religious conviction; invisibility of organ donation; medical suspicion; owning the decision; and reciprocal benefit. CONCLUSIONS Although organ donation is considered a generous life-saving 'gift', representative members of the Arabic-speaking community in Australia were unfamiliar with, unnerved by and sceptical about the donation process. Making positive decisions about organ donation would likely require resolving tensions between respecting family, community and religious values versus their individual autonomy. Providing targeted education about the process and benefits of organ donation within the Arabic community may clarify ambiguities surrounding cultural and religious-based views on organ donation, reduce taboos and suspicion towards donation, and in turn, lead to increased organ donation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique F Ralph
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ali Alyami
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard D M Allen
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- The Institute for Choice, University of South Australia, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve J Chadban
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Irving
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Segal E. Religious objections to brain death. J Crit Care 2014; 29:875-7. [PMID: 25085509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Segal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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25
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Rady MY, Verheijde JL. The moral code in Islam and organ donation in Western countries: reinterpreting religious scriptures to meet utilitarian medical objectives. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2014; 9:11. [PMID: 24888748 PMCID: PMC4047256 DOI: 10.1186/1747-5341-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
End-of-life organ donation is controversial in Islam. The controversy stems from: (1) scientifically flawed medical criteria of death determination; (2) invasive perimortem procedures for preserving transplantable organs; and (3) incomplete disclosure of information to consenting donors and families. Data from a survey of Muslims residing in Western countries have shown that the interpretation of religious scriptures and advice of faith leaders were major barriers to willingness for organ donation. Transplant advocates have proposed corrective interventions: (1) reinterpreting religious scriptures, (2) reeducating faith leaders, and (3) utilizing media campaigns to overcome religious barriers in Muslim communities. This proposal disregards the intensifying scientific, legal, and ethical controversies in Western societies about the medical criteria of death determination in donors. It would also violate the dignity and inviolability of human life which are pertinent values incorporated in the Islamic moral code. Reinterpreting religious scriptures to serve the utilitarian objectives of a controversial end-of-life practice, perceived to be socially desirable, transgresses the Islamic moral code. It may also have deleterious practical consequences, as donors can suffer harm before death. The negative normative consequences of utilitarian secular moral reasoning reset the Islamic moral code upholding the sanctity and dignity of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y Rady
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Joseph L Verheijde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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