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Torney A, Room R, Jiang H, Huckle T, Holmes J, Callinan S. Where do high-risk drinking occasions occur more often? A cross-sectional, cross-country study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38588278 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current paper examines the proportion of drinking occasions and total alcohol consumed that takes place at off-premise locations. Comparisons are made between high-income countries: Australia, New Zealand, England and Scotland, and across drinker-types: high-risk and lower-risk. METHODS Data were taken from the International Alcohol Control study in Australia (N = 1789), New Zealand (N = 1979), England (N = 2844) and Scotland (N = 1864). The cross-national survey measures location and beverage-specific alcohol consumption. The number of drinking occasions and mean consumption across on- and off-premise locations and the proportion of drinking occasions that high- and lower-risk drinkers had at on- and off-premise locations was estimated for each country. RESULTS The majority of drinking occasions among high-risk drinkers occurred at off-premise locations across all four countries; Australia 80.1%, New Zealand 72.0%, England 61.7% and Scotland 60.7%. High-risk drinkers in Australia had significantly larger proportions of drinking occasions occurring at off-premise locations compared to England and Scotland. Across all countries, high-risk drinkers and lower-risk drinkers consumed significantly larger quantities of alcohol per occasion at off-premise locations compared to on-premises locations. Finally, the majority of total alcohol consumed occurred at off-premise locations across all countries for high- and lower-risk drinkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS As the accessibility to alcohol outside of licensed premises continues to increase, particularly with the expansion of home delivery services, it is important to be mindful of the high proportion of heavy drinking occasions that occur off-premise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Torney
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Seekles ML, Briegal E, Biggane AM, Obasi AI. Measuring alcohol use among adolescents in Africa: A systematic scoping review of consumption, screening and assessment tools. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1375-1394. [PMID: 37439392 PMCID: PMC10946979 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Globally, adolescent drinking is a major public health concern. Alcohol measurements are influenced by local consumption practices, patterns and perceptions of alcohol-related harm. This is the first review to examine what tools are used to measure alcohol consumption, or screen for or assess harmful use in African adolescents, and how these tools take into account the local context. APPROACH A systematic scoping review was conducted in line with the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health and the Cochrane Database covered the period of 2000-2020. KEY FINDINGS The search identified 121 papers across 25 African countries. A range of single- and multi-item tools were identified. Very few adaptations of existing questions were specified, and this search identified no tools developed by local researchers that were fundamentally different from established tools often designed in the USA or Europe. Inconsistencies were found in the use of cut-off scores; many studies used adult cut-off scores. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION The possible impact of African drinking practices and culture on the accuracy of alcohol screening tools is currently unknown, but is also not taken into account by most research. This, in combination with a limited geographical distribution of alcohol-related research across the continent and inconsistent use of age- and gender-specific cut-off scores, points towards probable inaccuracies in current data on adolescent alcohol use in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike L. Seekles
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Eleanor Briegal
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Alice M. Biggane
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Angela I. Obasi
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
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Casswell S, Huckle T, Parker K, Graydon‐Guy T, Leung J, Parry C, Torun P, Sengee G, Pham C, Gray‐Phillip G, Callinan S, Chaiyasong S, MacKintosh AM, Meier P, Randerson S. Effective alcohol policies are associated with reduced consumption among demographic groups who drink heavily. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:786-795. [PMID: 37087719 PMCID: PMC10947406 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol policies stand out among other noncommunicable disease-relevant policies for the lack of uptake. Composite indicators have been developed to measure the effects of alcohol control policy. We investigated whether drinking patterns among demographic groups from general population samples of drinkers from diverse countries are associated with alcohol control policy as measured by the International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index. METHODS Representative samples of adult drinkers from 10 countries (five high-income and five middle-income) were surveyed about alcohol consumption, using beverage and location-specific questions. MEASUREMENTS The IAC Policy Index was analyzed with frequency, typical occasion quantity, and volume consumed. Analyses used mixed models that included interactions between country IAC Policy Index score and age group, gender, and education level. FINDINGS Each increase in IAC policy index score (reflecting more effective alcohol policy) was associated with a 13.9% decrease in drinking frequency (p = 0.006) and a 16.5% decrease in volume (p = 0.001). With each increase in IAC Policy Index score, both genders decreased for all three measures, but men less so than women. Women decreased their typical occasion quantity by 1.2% (p = 0.006), frequency by 3.1% (p < 0.001), and total volume by 4.2% (p < 0.001) compared to men. Low and mid-education groups decreased their typical occasion quantity by 2.6% (p < 0.001) and 1.6% (p = 0.001), respectively, compared to high education, while for drinking frequency the low education group increased by 7.0% (p < 0.001). There was an overall effect of age (F = 19.27, p < 0.0001), with 18-19 and 20-24-year-olds showing the largest decreases in typical occasion quantity with increasing IAC policy index score. CONCLUSIONS The IAC Policy Index, reflecting four effective policies, was associated with volume and frequency of drinking across 10 diverse countries. Each increase in the IAC Policy Index was associated with lower typical quantities consumed among groups reporting heavy drinking: young adults and less well-educated. There is value in implementing such alcohol policies and a need to accelerate their uptake globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Karl Parker
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Thomas Graydon‐Guy
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - June Leung
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Charles Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Perihan Torun
- Department of Public HealthHamidiye International Medical SchoolIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gantuya Sengee
- Public Health Policy and Coordination DepartmentNational Center for Public Health of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Cuong Pham
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research (CIPPR)Hanoi University of Public HealthHanoiVietnam
| | | | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health & Faculty of PharmacyMahasarakham UniversityMaha SarakhamThailand
| | - Anne Marie MacKintosh
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and SportUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Petra Meier
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Present address:
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Steve Randerson
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
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Jankhotkaew J, Casswell S, Huckle T, Chaiyasong S, Phonsuk P. Quantitative tools and measurements for assessing the implementation of regulatory policies in reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms: A scoping review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:157-168. [PMID: 36097414 PMCID: PMC10087297 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Implementation of alcohol control policy is a global priority as alcohol contributes to negative individual health and societal impacts. However, there are no available reviews that comprehensively provide tools and measurements for assessing the implementation of alcohol control policy. This study reviews tools and measurements for assessing alcohol policy implementation. Policies considered include alcohol pricing and taxation, alcohol marketing control, physical availability control and drink-driving policy. APPROACH We conducted a scoping review from Scopus, Web of Science and the World Health Organization's website. We included studies on policy implementation for the four most effective prevention policies published worldwide between 2000 and 2021. KEY FINDINGS The search yielded 11,654 articles and these were narrowed down to 39 included studies. Of these 39 studies, almost half assessed the implementation of a drink-driving policy (n = 19), followed multipolicy (n = 12) and physical availability control (n = 8). There was no single study assessing policy implementation of pricing and taxation or alcohol marketing control. The majority of the studies were conducted in high-income countries (n = 31). Globally, there is no standardised tool or guidelines for measuring the policy implementation of these four policies. The tools for measuring policy implementation mostly focused on a single policy, and few covered multiple policies. IMPLICATIONS We recommend developing standardised tools and measurements to monitor policy implementation across multiple policies at country levels. CONCLUSION This review highlighted a lack of comprehensive and standardised tools to assess policy implementation and the limited number of studies on alcohol policy implementation in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintana Jankhotkaew
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.,International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.,Alcohol and Health Promotion Policy Research Unit and Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Payao Phonsuk
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Londani M, Morojele NK, Egbe CO, Nel E, Petersen Williams P, Harker N, Parry CDH. On- and off-licensed premises drinking behaviour among adults in the city of Tshwane, South Africa: An analysis of data from the International Alcohol Control study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:443-453. [PMID: 33263188 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcohol use is among the leading risk factors for premature death and morbidity in South Africa. This study sought to identify factors associated with drinking behaviour in on- and off-licensed premises (typical occasion quantity and frequency) among adults in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. DESIGN AND METHODS A household survey was conducted in 2014, using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling design. Participants comprised 982 adults (65% males) aged 18-65 years. Factors explored included socio-demographic variables and situational variables at on- and off-licensed premises. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to predict drinking behaviour at on- and off-licensed premises. RESULTS The majority of the participants consumed alcohol in off-licensed premises (64% vs. 36%). However, participants who consumed alcohol at on-licensed premises were more likely to drink more alcohol and more frequently (weekly). Additionally, participants who consumed alcohol in above-average sized containers were more likely to consume six or more drinks and drink weekly. Being of high socio-economic status was associated with drinking weekly at off-licensed premises, while being less educated was associated with a significantly higher frequency of drinking at on-licensed premises. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Interventions to reduce alcohol use should target specific drinking behaviour at on- and off-licensed premises, for example, regulating the availability of alcohol in big-sized containers and the need for cutting down on quantity of alcohol and frequency of drinking for South African males who drink at on- and off-licensed premises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhethwa Londani
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Neo K Morojele
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine O Egbe
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elmarie Nel
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Petal Petersen Williams
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadine Harker
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles D H Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Huckle T, Callinan S, Pham C, Chaiyasong S, Parker K, Casswell S. Harmful drinking occurs in private homes in some high- and middle-income alcohol markets: Data from the International Alcohol Control Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:616-623. [PMID: 32805071 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe how for some high- and middle-income countries, the total volume of alcohol, including volume consumed in harmful drinking occasions, is distributed across drinking locations in each country. METHODS Population surveys of drinkers were conducted as part of the International Alcohol Control Study in New Zealand, Australia, Vietnam and Thailand. Consumption data were collected using a beverage- and location-specific measure that also allows for the measurement of unrecorded alcohol. RESULTS In the high-income countries, the percentage of absolute alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions was 44% in New Zealand and 51% in Australia. In the middle-income countries, the proportions were 55% in Vietnam and 66% in Thailand. The vast majority of alcohol was consumed in private homes (67% or above in all four countries). Private homes were also the location where the highest percentage of alcohol was consumed in harmful drinking occasions (range 33% in New Zealand to 44% in Vietnam). Unrecorded/untaxed alcohol was of considerable importance for heavier drinking occasions in private homes in Vietnam. Bars and nightclubs were more likely locations for harmful drinking in the high-income countries relative to the middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS As the majority of alcohol consumed in each country, including in harmful drinking occasions, was consumed in private homes, these findings make take-away alcohol a focus for alcohol policy including trading hour and pricing policies. Unrecorded alcohol was also of considerable importance in Vietnam, highlighting the importance of the policy responses being developed to address unrecorded alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisia Huckle
- Shore and Whairki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cuong Pham
- Centre for Injury Policy and Prevention Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit and PhD Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Karl Parker
- Shore and Whairki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally Casswell
- Shore and Whairki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Characteristics and Predictors of Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED) among Young People Aged 16-25: The International Alcohol Control Study (IAC), Tshwane, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103537. [PMID: 32438540 PMCID: PMC7277734 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In South Africa, little is known about alcohol consumption patterns, such as drinks consumed, container size, salience of alcohol price, affordability and availability, and perceptions of alcohol policies as potential predictors of heavy episodic alcohol (HED) use among young people. This paper examines predictors of HED among young people with specific consideration given to these alcohol consumption patterns. This study conducted in the Tshwane Metropole in 2014 employed multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Participants were between the ages 16–25 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Of the 287 (n = 678) participants who had used alcohol in the past six months and for whom we had complete consumption data, almost half were identified as heavy episodic drinkers (HEDs) and were significantly more likely to consume alcohol on a daily basis (p = 0.001). Having nightclub as the primary drinking location (p = 0.023) and drinking from a container size bigger than one standard drink (p = 0.014) were significant predictors for HED. HEDs were also more likely to have a perception that most people consume alcohol (p = 0.047). The results point to HED of alcohol among young people who drink in South Africa, highlighting the need for multicomponent interventions.
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Huckle T, Romeo J, Casswell S. A restrictive alcohol social supply law change is associated with less supply to friends under 18 years. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:737-743. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisia Huckle
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey University Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jose Romeo
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey University Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sally Casswell
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey University Auckland New Zealand
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Esdar M, Hüsers J, Weiß JP, Rauch J, Hübner U. Diffusion dynamics of electronic health records: A longitudinal observational study comparing data from hospitals in Germany and the United States. Int J Med Inform 2019; 131:103952. [PMID: 31557699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While aiming for the same goal of building a national eHealth Infrastructure, Germany and the United States pursued different strategic approaches - particularly regarding the role of promoting the adoption and usage of hospital Electronic Health Records (EHR). OBJECTIVE To measure and model the diffusion dynamics of EHRs in German hospital care and to contrast the results with the developments in the US. MATERIALS AND METHODS All acute care hospitals that were members of the German statutory health system were surveyed during the period 2007-2017 for EHR adoption. Bass models were computed based on the German data and the corresponding data of the American Hospital Association (AHA) from non-federal hospitals in order to model and explain the diffusion of innovation. RESULTS While the diffusion dynamics observed in the US resembled the typical s-shaped curve with high imitation effects (q = 0.583) but with a relatively low innovation effect (p = 0.025), EHR diffusion in Germany stagnated with adoption rates of approx. 50% (imitation effect q = -0.544) despite a higher innovation effect (p = 0.303). DISCUSSION These findings correlate with different governmental strategies in the US and Germany of financially supporting EHR adoption. Imitation only seems to work if there are financial incentives, e.g. those of the HITECH Act in the US. They are lacking in Germany, where the government left health IT adoption strategies solely to the free market and the consensus among all of the stakeholders. CONCLUSION Bass diffusion models proved to be useful for distinguishing the diffusion dynamics in German and US non-federal hospitals. When applying the Bass model, the imitation parameter needs a broader interpretation beyond the network effects, including driving forces such as incentives and regulations, as was demonstrated by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Esdar
- Health Informatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Caprivistr. 30A, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Jens Hüsers
- Health Informatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Caprivistr. 30A, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Jan-Patrick Weiß
- Health Informatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Caprivistr. 30A, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Jens Rauch
- Health Informatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Caprivistr. 30A, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Ursula Hübner
- Health Informatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Caprivistr. 30A, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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Fontes Marx M, London L, Harker Burnhams N, Ataguba J. Usability of existing alcohol survey data in South Africa: a qualitative analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031560. [PMID: 31375621 PMCID: PMC6688672 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper assesses the usability of existing alcohol survey data in South Africa (SA) by documenting the type of data available, identifying what possible analyses could be done using these existing datasets in SA and exploring limitations of the datasets. SETTINGS A desktop review and in-depth semistructured interviews were used to identify existing alcohol surveys in SA and assess their usability. PARTICIPANTS We interviewed 10 key researchers in alcohol policies and health economics in SA (four women and six men). It consisted of academic/researchers (n=6), government officials (n=3) and the alcohol industry (n=1). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The desktop review examined datasets for the level of the data, geographical coverage, the population surveyed, year of data collection, available covariables, analyses possible and limitations of the data. The 10 in-depth interviews with key researchers explored informant's perspective on the usability of existing alcohol datasets in SA. RESULTS In SA, alcohol data constraints are mainly attributed to accessibility restrictions on survey data, limited geographical coverage, lack of systematic and standardised measurement of alcohol, infrequency of surveys and the lack of transparency and public availability of industry data on production, distribution and consumption. CONCLUSION The International Alcohol Control survey or a similar framework survey focusing on substance abuse should be considered for implementation at the national level. Also, alcohol research data funded by the taxpayers' money and alcohol industry data should be made publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie London
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - John Ataguba
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Petersen Williams P, Morojele N, Londani M, Harker Burnhams N, Parry CDH. Alcohol Advertising, Affordability and Availability, and the Effect on Adult Heavy Drinking and Symptoms of Alcohol Problems: International Alcohol Control Study (South Africa). Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1751-1762. [PMID: 31076000 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1609987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol harm is a major contributor to the burden of disease in South Africa. This study aimed to identify the extent of heavy drinking and symptoms of alcohol problems among adult drinkers and associated demographic and other risk factors in the Tshwane Metropole of South Africa. Methods: A household survey was conducted using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Heavy drinking was defined as consuming at least 120 mL for men and at least 90 mL for women of absolute alcohol on one occasion at least monthly while symptoms of alcohol problems were measured using the Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen 4 (RAPS4). Stata 14.0 was used for the analysis. Results: Just over half (52%) of the sample reported heavy drinking, and half (50%) reported symptoms of alcohol problems. Gender race/ethnicity, marital status, mode of transport used to purchase alcohol, perceptions of alcohol availability and exposure to alcohol promotions and advertising through SMS and free offers when buying alcohol all impacted heavy drinking. Gender, age, personal income and exposure to alcohol promotions and advertising in magazines and newspapers all impacted symptoms of alcohol problems. Conclusion: The study raises important questions about various policy related mechanisms to curtail heavy drinking and highlights the need for more extensive research to assess the nature and extent of heavy drinking and alcohol problems in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petal Petersen Williams
- a Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa.,d Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Neo Morojele
- a Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa.,b School of Public Health and Family Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,c School of Public Health , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Mukhethwa Londani
- a Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Nadine Harker Burnhams
- a Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa.,b School of Public Health and Family Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Charles D H Parry
- a Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa.,e Department of Psychiatry , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
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Huckle T, Romeo JS, Wall M, Callinan S, Holmes J, Meier P, Mackintosh A, Piazza M, Chaiyasong S, Cuong PV, Casswell S. Socio-economic disadvantage is associated with heavier drinking in high but not middle-income countries participating in the International Alcohol Control Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 2:S63-S71. [PMID: 29707842 PMCID: PMC6120506 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS To investigate if socio-economic disadvantage, at the individual- and country-level, is associated with heavier drinking in some middle- and high-income countries. DESIGN AND METHODS Surveys of drinkers were undertaken in some high- and middle-income countries. Participating countries were Australia, England, New Zealand, Scotland (high-income) and Peru, Thailand and Vietnam (middle-income). Disadvantage at the country-level was defined as per World Bank (categorised as middle-or high-income); individual-level measures were (i) years of education and (ii) whether and individual was under or over the poverty line in each country. Measures of heavier drinking were (i) proportion of drinkers that consumed 8+ drinks and (ii) three drinking risk groups (lower, increasing and higher). Multi-level logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Individual-level measures of disadvantage, lower education and living in poverty, were associated with heavier drinking, consuming 8+ drinks on a typical occasion or drinking at the higher risk level, when all countries were considered together. Drinkers in the middle-income countries had a higher probability of consuming 8+ drinks on a typical occasion relative to drinkers in the high-income countries. Interactions between country-level income and individual-level disadvantage were undertaken: disadvantaged drinkers in the middle-income countries were less likely to be heavier drinkers relative to those with less disadvantage in the high-income countries. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Associations between socio-economic disadvantage and heavier drinking vary depending on country-level income. These findings highlight the value of exploring cross-country differences in heavier drinking and disadvantage and the importance of including country-level measurements to better elucidate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisia Huckle
- Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and EvaluationMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jose S. Romeo
- Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and EvaluationMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Martin Wall
- Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and EvaluationMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - John Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research GroupSheffield UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Petra Meier
- Sheffield Alcohol Research GroupSheffield UniversitySheffieldUK
| | | | | | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- Health Promotion Policy Research CenterInternational Health Policy ProgramNonthaburiThailand
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of PharmacyMahasarakham UniversityTalatThailand
| | | | - Sally Casswell
- Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and EvaluationMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
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Casswell S. International Alcohol Control Study: Analyses from the first wave. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 2:S4-S9. [PMID: 29635798 PMCID: PMC6120559 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
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14
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Lecours N, Hallen G. Robust research tools shed light on the crucial development issue of alcohol harm and enable effective policy adoption. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 2:S2-S3. [PMID: 30376697 PMCID: PMC6175166 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Hallen
- International Development Research CentreOttawaCanada
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Chaiyasong S, Huckle T, Mackintosh A, Meier P, Parry CDH, Callinan S, Viet Cuong P, Kazantseva E, Gray‐Phillip G, Parker K, Casswell S. Drinking patterns vary by gender, age and country-level income: Cross-country analysis of the International Alcohol Control Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 2:S53-S62. [PMID: 29900623 PMCID: PMC6120521 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Gender and age patterns of drinking are important in guiding country responses to harmful use of alcohol. This study undertook cross-country analysis of drinking across gender, age groups in some high-and middle-income countries. DESIGN AND METHODS Surveys of drinkers were conducted in Australia, England, Scotland, New Zealand, St Kitts and Nevis (high-income), Thailand, South Africa, Mongolia and Vietnam (middle-income) as part of the International Alcohol Control Study. Drinking pattern measures were high-frequency, heavier-typical quantity and higher-risk drinking. Differences in the drinking patterns across age and gender groups were calculated. Logistic regression models were applied including a measure of country-level income. RESULTS Percentages of high-frequency, heavier-typical quantity and higher-risk drinking were greater among men than in women in all countries. Older age was associated with drinking more frequently but smaller typical quantities especially in high-income countries. Middle-income countries overall showed less frequent but heavier typical quantities; however, the lower frequencies meant the percentages of higher risk drinkers were lower overall compared with high-income countries (with the exception of South Africa). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS High-frequency drinking was greater in high-income countries, particularly in older age groups. Middle-income countries overall showed less frequent drinking but heavier typical quantities. As alcohol use becomes more normalised as a result of the expansion of commercial alcohol it is likely frequency of drinking will increase with a likelihood of greater numbers drinking at higher risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Chaiyasong
- Health Promotion Policy Research Center, International Health Policy ProgramNonthaburiThailand
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of PharmacyMahasarakham UniversityMaha SarakhamThailand
| | - Taisia Huckle
- Massey University, SHORE and Whariki Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | - Petra Meier
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, ScHARRUniversity SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Charles D. H. Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research UnitMedical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Pham Viet Cuong
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research, Hanoi School of Public HealthHanoiVietnam
| | - Elena Kazantseva
- Public Health, Research, Education and External Affairs DepartmentNational Center of Mental Health of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Gaile Gray‐Phillip
- St Kitts‐Nevis National Council on Drug Abuse Prevention SecretariatBasseterreSaint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Karl Parker
- Massey University, SHORE and Whariki Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sally Casswell
- Massey University, SHORE and Whariki Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand
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Gray‐Phillip G, Huckle T, Callinan S, Parry CDH, Chaiyasong S, Cuong PV, Mackintosh A, Meier P, Kazantseva E, Piazza M, Parker K, Casswell S. Availability of alcohol: Location, time and ease of purchase in high- and middle-income countries: Data from the International Alcohol Control Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 2:S36-S44. [PMID: 29582496 PMCID: PMC6120539 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Cross-country studies on alcohol purchasing and access are rare. We examined where and when people access alcohol to understand patterns of availability across a range of middle- and high-income countries. DESIGN AND METHODS Surveys of drinkers in the International Alcohol Control study in high-income countries (Australia, England, Scotland, New Zealand and St Kitts and Nevis) and middle-income countries (Mongolia, South Africa, Peru, Thailand and Vietnam) were analysed. Measures were: location of purchase from on-premise and take-away outlets, proportion of alcohol consumed on-premise versus take-away outlets, hours of purchase, access among underage drinkers and time to access alcohol. RESULTS On-premise purchasing was prevalent in the high-income countries. However, the vast majority of alcohol consumed in all countries, except St Kitts and Nevis (high-income), was take-away. Percentages of drinkers purchasing from different types of on-premise and take-away outlets varied between countries. Late purchasing was common in Peru and less common in Thailand and Vietnam. Alcohol was easily accessed by drinkers in all countries, including underage drinkers in the middle-income countries. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In nine out of 10 countries the vast majority of alcohol consumed was take-away. Alcohol was readily available and relatively easy for underage drinkers to access, particularly in the middle-income countries. Research is needed to assess the harms associated with take-away consumption including late at night. Attention is needed to address the easy access by underage drinkers in the middle-income countries which has been less of a focus than in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaile Gray‐Phillip
- St Kitts‐Nevis National Council on Drug Abuse Prevention SecretariatBasseterreSt Kitts & Nevis
| | - Taisia Huckle
- Massey University, SHORE and Whariki Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Charles D. H. Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research UnitMedical Research CouncilPretoriaSouth Africa
- Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of PharmacyMahasarakham UniversityTalatThailand
| | - Pham Viet Cuong
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention ResearchHanoi University of Public HealthHanoiVietnam
| | | | - Petra Meier
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, University SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Elena Kazantseva
- Public Health, Research, Education and External Affairs DepartmentNational Center of Mental Health of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | | | - Karl Parker
- Massey University, SHORE and Whariki Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sally Casswell
- Massey University, SHORE and Whariki Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand
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