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Huang AH, Galloway JL. Current and emerging technologies for defining and validating tendon cell fate. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2082-2092. [PMID: 37211925 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tendon field has been flourishing in recent years with the advent of new tools and model systems. The recent ORS 2022 Tendon Section Conference brought together researchers from diverse disciplines and backgrounds, showcasing studies in biomechanics and tissue engineering to cell and developmental biology and using models from zebrafish and mouse to humans. This perspective aims to summarize progress in tendon research as it pertains to understanding and studying tendon cell fate. The successful integration of new technologies and approaches have the potential to further propel tendon research into a new renaissance of discovery. However, there are also limitations with the current methodologies that are important to consider when tackling research questions. Altogether, we will highlight recent advances and technologies and propose new avenues to explore tendon biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Palomino Lago E, Jelbert ER, Baird A, Lam PY, Guest DJ. Equine induced pluripotent stem cells are responsive to inflammatory cytokines before and after differentiation into musculoskeletal cell types. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:514-527. [PMID: 37582999 PMCID: PMC10520172 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation is associated with the poor regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have an attenuated response to inflammatory cytokines, but there are mixed reports on the response of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to inflammation. Horses provide a relevant large animal model for studying musculoskeletal tissue diseases and the testing of novel therapies. The aim of this study was to determine if equine iPSCs are responsive to the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα and IFN-γ in their undifferentiated state, or following differentiation into tendon and cartilage-like cells. We demonstrated that in undifferentiated iPSCs, the cytokines induce NF-κB P65 and STAT1 nuclear translocation which leads to cell death, decreased OCT4 expression and increased expression of inflammatory genes. Following differentiation towards cartilage-like cells exposure to the cytokines resulted in STAT1 nuclear translocation, changes in cartilage gene expression and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory genes. Exposure of iPSC-derived tendon-like cells to the cytokines resulted nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 and STAT1, altered tendon gene expression, increased MMP expression and increased expression of inflammatory genes. Equine iPSCs are therefore capable of responding to inflammatory stimulation and this may have relevance for their future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Palomino Lago
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Jelbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Arabella Baird
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Pak Y Lam
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Deborah J Guest
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK.
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3
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Suzdaltseva Y, Kiselev SL. Mesodermal Derivatives of Pluripotent Stem Cells Route to Scarless Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11945. [PMID: 37569321 PMCID: PMC10418846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Scar formation during normal tissue regeneration in adults may result in noticeable cosmetic and functional defects and have a significant impact on the quality of life. In contrast, fetal tissues in the mid-gestation period are known to be capable of complete regeneration with the restitution of the initial architecture, organization, and functional activity. Successful treatments that are targeted to minimize scarring can be realized by understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fetal wound regeneration. However, such experiments are limited by the inaccessibility of fetal material for comparable studies. For this reason, the molecular mechanisms of fetal regeneration remain unknown. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are central to tissue repair because the molecules they secrete are involved in the regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The mesodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates the sequential steps of embryogenesis in vitro and provides the opportunity to generate the isogenic cell models of MSCs corresponding to different stages of human development. Further investigation of the functional activity of cells from stromal differon in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment will procure the molecular tools to better understand the fundamental mechanisms of fetal tissue regeneration. Herein, we review recent advances in the generation of clonal precursors of primitive mesoderm cells and MSCs from hPSCs and discuss critical factors that determine the functional activity of MSCs-like cells in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in order to identify therapeutic targets for minimizing scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Suzdaltseva
- Department of Epigenetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
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4
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Papalamprou A, Yu V, Jiang W, Sheyn J, Stefanovic T, Chen A, Castaneda C, Chavez M, Sheyn D. Single Cell Transcriptomics-Informed Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiation to Tenogenic Lineage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536240. [PMID: 37090543 PMCID: PMC10120682 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate embryogenesis, axial tendons develop from the paraxial mesoderm and differentiate through specific developmental stages to reach the syndetome stage. While the main roles of signaling pathways in the earlier stages of the differentiation have been well established, pathway nuances in syndetome specification from the sclerotome stage have yet to be explored. Here, we show stepwise differentiation of human iPSCs to the syndetome stage using chemically defined media and small molecules that were modified based on single cell RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis. We identified a significant population of branching off-target cells differentiating towards a neural phenotype overexpressing Wnt. Further transcriptomics post-addition of a WNT inhibitor at the somite stage and onwards revealed not only total removal of the neural off-target cells, but also increased syndetome induction efficiency. Fine-tuning tendon differentiation in vitro is essential to address the current challenges in developing a successful cell-based tendon therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Papalamprou
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Victoria Yu
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wensen Jiang
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tina Stefanovic
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angel Chen
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chloe Castaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melissa Chavez
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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5
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Li J, Wang ZH, Sun YH. TGF-β1 stimulated mesenchymal stem cells-generated exosomal miR-29a promotes the proliferation, migration and fibrogenesis of tenocytes by targeting FABP3. Cytokine 2023; 162:156090. [PMID: 36481477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff Tear (RCT) causes a lot of inconvenience for patients. In most cases, RCT injury does not heal back to bone after repair, and there is a high chance of retearing. Therefore, there is a need to explore more effective targeted therapies. Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (BMSCs-Exo) has been proved to be beneficial to the proliferation of tendon cells, but its specific mechanism remains to be further explored. METHODS BMSCs-Exo was isolated and identified by detecting the specific markers using flow cytometry and western blot assays. qRT-PCR and western blot were utilized to determine the gene or protein expressions, respectively. Cell proliferation, and migration in tenocytes were measured by CCK8, EdU and transwell assays. The interaction between miR-29a and FABP3 was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that miR-29a was expressed in BMSCs-Exo and could be significantly enriched after TGF-β1 treatment. Moreover, TGF-β1-modified BMSCs-Exo co-cultured could promote the proliferation, migration and fibrosis of tenocytes by carrying miR-29a. Upon miR-29a was reduced in BMSCs-Exo, the regulatory roles of BMSCs-Exo on tenocytes were reversed. Mechanistically, miR-29a negatively regulated FABP3 via interaction with its 3'-UTR. Enforced expression of FABP3 could reverse the modulation of exosomal miR-29a in tenocytes. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-29a derived from TGF-β1-modified BMSCs facilitated the proliferation, migration and fibrosis of tenocytes through targeting FABP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Hang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, PR China
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Ning C, Li P, Gao C, Fu L, Liao Z, Tian G, Yin H, Li M, Sui X, Yuan Z, Liu S, Guo Q. Recent advances in tendon tissue engineering strategy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1115312. [PMID: 36890920 PMCID: PMC9986339 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1115312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries often result in significant pain and disability and impose severe clinical and financial burdens on our society. Despite considerable achievements in the field of regenerative medicine in the past several decades, effective treatments remain a challenge due to the limited natural healing capacity of tendons caused by poor cell density and vascularization. The development of tissue engineering has provided more promising results in regenerating tendon-like tissues with compositional, structural and functional characteristics comparable to those of native tendon tissues. Tissue engineering is the discipline of regenerative medicine that aims to restore the physiological functions of tissues by using a combination of cells and materials, as well as suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors. In this review, following a discussion of tendon structure, injury and healing, we aim to elucidate the current strategies (biomaterials, scaffold fabrication techniques, cells, biological adjuncts, mechanical loading and bioreactors, and the role of macrophage polarization in tendon regeneration), challenges and future directions in the field of tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ning
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pinxue Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cangjian Gao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Fu
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyao Liao
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yin
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Fujisawa Y, Ming L, Yamada D, Takao T, Takarada T. Establishment of a human pluripotent stem cell-derived MKX-td Tomato reporter system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:515. [DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTendon regeneration is difficult because detailed knowledge about tendon progenitor cells (TPCs), which produce tenocytes to repair tendon tissue, has not been revealed. Mohawk homeobox (MKX) is a marker of TPCs or tenocytes, but a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based reporter system that visualizes MKX+ cells has not been developed. Here, we established an hPSC-derived MKX-tdTomato reporter cell line and tested the induction ratio of MKX-tdTomato+ cells using our stepwise/xeno-free differentiation protocol. MKX-tdTomato+ cells were generated with high efficiency and expressed tendon-specific markers, including MKX, SCX, TNMD, and COL1A1. Our MKX-tdTomato hPSC line would be a useful tool for studying the development or regeneration of tendon tissue.
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8
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Huang YT, Wu YF, Wang HK, Yao CCJ, Chiu YH, Sun JS, Chao YH. Cyclic mechanical stretch regulates the AMPK/Egr1 pathway in tenocytes via Ca2+-mediated mechanosensing. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:590-602. [PMID: 35229695 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2044321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanical stimuli are essential for the maintenance of tendon tissue homeostasis. The study aims to elucidate the mechanobiological mechanisms underlying the maintenance of tenocyte homeostasis by cyclic mechanical stretch under high-glucose (HG) condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary tenocytes were isolated from rat Achilles tendon and 2D-cultured under HG condition. The in vitro effects of a single bout, 2-h cyclic biaxial stretch session (1 Hz, 8%) on primary rat tenocytes were explored through Flexcell system. Cell viability, tenogenic gene expression, intracellular calcium concentration, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression, and signaling pathway activation were analyzed in tenocytes with or without mechanical stretch. RESULTS Mechanical stretch increased tenocyte proliferation and upregulated early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) expression. An increase in intracellular calcium was observed after 30 min of stretching. Mechanical stretch phosphorylated FAK, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a time-dependent manner, and these effects were abrogated after blocking intracellular calcium. Inhibition of FAK, CaMKK2, and AMPK downregulated the expression of Egr1. In addition, mechanical stretch reinforced cytoskeletal organization via calcium (Ca2+)/FAK signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that mechanical stretch-induced calcium influx activated CaMKK2/AMPK signaling and FAK-cytoskeleton reorganization, thereby promoting the expression of Egr1, which may help maintain tendon cell characteristics and homeostasis in the context of diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Wu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Hsing-Kuo Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Chiu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Chao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhu S, He Z, Ji L, Zhang W, Tong Y, Luo J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Meng X, Bi Q. Advanced Nanofiber-Based Scaffolds for Achilles Tendon Regenerative Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:897010. [PMID: 35845401 PMCID: PMC9280267 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.897010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Achilles tendon (AT) is responsible for running, jumping, and standing. The AT injuries are very common in the population. In the adult population (21–60 years), the incidence of AT injuries is approximately 2.35 per 1,000 people. It negatively impacts people’s quality of life and increases the medical burden. Due to its low cellularity and vascular deficiency, AT has a poor healing ability. Therefore, AT injury healing has attracted a lot of attention from researchers. Current AT injury treatment options cannot effectively restore the mechanical structure and function of AT, which promotes the development of AT regenerative tissue engineering. Various nanofiber-based scaffolds are currently being explored due to their structural similarity to natural tendon and their ability to promote tissue regeneration. This review discusses current methods of AT regeneration, recent advances in the fabrication and enhancement of nanofiber-based scaffolds, and the development and use of multiscale nanofiber-based scaffolds for AT regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbo Zhu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeju He
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lichen Ji
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junchao Luo
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Bi,
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10
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Gomez-Florit M, Labrador-Rached CJ, Domingues RM, Gomes ME. The tendon microenvironment: Engineered in vitro models to study cellular crosstalk. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114299. [PMID: 35436570 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a multi-faceted pathology characterized by alterations in tendon microstructure, cellularity and collagen composition. Challenged by the possibility of regenerating pathological or ruptured tendons, the healing mechanisms of this tissue have been widely researched over the past decades. However, so far, most of the cellular players and processes influencing tendon repair remain unknown, which emphasizes the need for developing relevant in vitro models enabling to study the complex multicellular crosstalk occurring in tendon microenvironments. In this review, we critically discuss the insights on the interaction between tenocytes and the other tendon resident cells that have been devised through different types of existing in vitro models. Building on the generated knowledge, we stress the need for advanced models able to mimic the hierarchical architecture, cellularity and physiological signaling of tendon niche under dynamic culture conditions, along with the recreation of the integrated gradients of its tissue interfaces. In a forward-looking vision of the field, we discuss how the convergence of multiple bioengineering technologies can be leveraged as potential platforms to develop the next generation of relevant in vitro models that can contribute for a deeper fundamental knowledge to develop more effective treatments.
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11
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Grafting of iPS cell-derived tenocytes promotes motor function recovery after Achilles tendon rupture. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5012. [PMID: 34408142 PMCID: PMC8373964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon self-renewal is a rare occurrence because of the poor vascularization of this tissue; therefore, reconstructive surgery using autologous tendon is often performed in severe injury cases. However, the post-surgery re-injury rate is relatively high, and the collection of autologous tendons leads to muscle weakness, resulting in prolonged rehabilitation. Here, we introduce an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based technology to develop a therapeutic option for tendon injury. First, we derived tenocytes from human iPSCs by recapitulating the normal progression of step-wise narrowing fate decisions in vertebrate embryos. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the developmental trajectory of iPSC-derived tenocytes. We demonstrated that iPSC-tenocyte grafting contributed to motor function recovery after Achilles tendon injury in rats via engraftment and paracrine effects. The biomechanical strength of regenerated tendons was comparable to that of healthy tendons. We suggest that iPSC-tenocytes will provide a therapeutic option for tendon injury.
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12
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Application of Stem Cell Therapy for ACL Graft Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6641818. [PMID: 34381504 PMCID: PMC8352687 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft regeneration after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery is a complex three-stage process, which usually takes a long duration and often results in fibrous scar tissue formation that exerts a detrimental impact on the patients' prognosis. Hence, as a regeneration technique, stem cell transplantation has attracted increasing attention. Several different stem cell types have been utilized in animal experiments, and almost all of these have shown good capacity in improving tendon-bone regeneration. Various differentiation inducers have been widely applied together with stem cells to enhance specific lineage differentiation, such as recombinant gene transfection, growth factors, and biomaterials. Among the various different types of stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been investigated the most, while ligament stem progenitor cells (LDSCs) have demonstrated the best potential in generating tendon/ligament lineage cells. In the clinic, 4 relevant completed trials have been reported, but only one trial with BMSCs showed improved outcomes, while 5 relevant trials are still in progress. This review describes the process of ACL graft regeneration after implantation and summarizes the current application of stem cells from bench to bedside, as well as discusses future perspectives in this field.
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13
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Ikeya M, Toyooka Y, Eiraku M. Pluripotent stem cells in developmental biology. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:3-4. [PMID: 33524180 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yayoi Toyooka
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Eiraku
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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