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Benedetti V, Giganti F, Cotugno M, Noferini C, Gavazzi G, Gronchi G, Righi S, Meneguzzo F, Becheri FR, Li Q, Viggiano MP. Interplay among Anxiety, Digital Environmental Exposure, and Cognitive Control: Implications of Natural Settings. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:323. [PMID: 38667119 PMCID: PMC11047410 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control performance may differ greatly as a function of individual differences such as anxiety. Nonetheless, how cognitive control proficiency might be influenced by exposure to various environments and how anxiety traits might impact these effects remain unexplored. A cohort of thirty healthy volunteers participated in the study. Participants performed a Go/No-Go task before exposure to a 'forest' and 'urban' virtual environment, in a counterbalanced design, before repeating the GNG task. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was finally filled-in. Our findings unveiled an initial negative correlation between anxiety trait levels and GNG task performance, consistent with the established literature attributing difficulties in inhibitory functionality to anxiety. Additionally, different environmental exposures reported opposite trends. Exposure to the 'forest' environment distinctly improved the GNG performance in relation to anxiety traits, while the 'urban' setting demonstrated adverse effects on task performance. These results underscore the intricate relationship among cognitive control, environmental exposure, and trait anxiety. In particular, our findings highlight the potential of natural settings, such as forests, to mitigate the impact of anxiety on inhibition. This might have implications for interventions aimed at improving cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Benedetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (C.N.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Fiorenza Giganti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (C.N.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Maria Cotugno
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (C.N.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Chiara Noferini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (C.N.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gioele Gavazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (C.N.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Giorgio Gronchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (C.N.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefania Righi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (C.N.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
- Central Scientific Committee, Italian Alpine Club, 19 Via E. Petrella, 20124 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Qing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine—Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan;
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (C.N.); (G.G.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
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Dominik T, Mele A, Schurger A, Maoz U. Libet's legacy: A primer to the neuroscience of volition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105503. [PMID: 38072144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuroscience of volition is an emerging subfield of the brain sciences, with hundreds of papers on the role of consciousness in action formation published each year. This makes the state-of-the-art in the discipline poorly accessible to newcomers and difficult to follow even for experts in the field. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of research in this field since its inception that will be useful to both groups. We also discuss important ideas that have received little coverage in the literature so far. We systematically reviewed a set of 2220 publications, with detailed consideration of almost 500 of the most relevant papers. We provide a thorough introduction to the seminal work of Benjamin Libet from the 1960s to 1980s. We also discuss common criticisms of Libet's method, including temporal introspection, the interpretation of the assumed physiological correlates of volition, and various conceptual issues. We conclude with recent advances and potential future directions in the field, highlighting modern methodological approaches to volition, as well as important recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfred Mele
- Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, FL, USA
| | | | - Uri Maoz
- Brain Institute, Chapman University, CA, USA
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3
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Giovannelli F, Gavazzi G, Noferini C, Palumbo P, Viggiano MP, Cincotta M. Impulsivity Traits in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:1448-1458. [PMID: 37868926 PMCID: PMC10585972 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Parkinson's disease (PD), impulsivity as a personality trait may be linked to the risk of developing impulse control disorders (ICDs) during dopaminergic therapy. However, studies evaluating differences in trait impulsivity between patients with PD and healthy controls or between patients with PD with and without ICDs reported partly inconsistent findings. Objectives We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) of studies comparing Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) scores between patients with PD and healthy controls and between patients with PD with and without ICDs. Methods Eligible studies were identified through a systematic search in 3 databases. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BIS-11 total and subscale scores were separately calculated for studies comparing patients with PD and healthy controls and patients with PD with and without ICDs. Meta-regressions were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity (percentage of men, age, disease duration, and levodopa equivalent daily dose). Results A total of 40 studies were included in the quantitative analyses. BIS-11 total scores were significantly higher in patients with PD compared with healthy controls (mean difference 2.43; 95% CI, 1.03, 3.83), and in patients with PD with active ICDs compared with patients without ICDs (6.62; 95% CI, 5.01, 8.23). No significant moderators emerged by meta-regression analyses. Conclusions The present meta-analysis supports that impulsivity, as a personality trait, may characterize patients with PD, even in the absence of ICDs. Moreover, these data corroborate findings of clinical studies reporting higher levels of trait impulsivity in PD patients with ICDs compared with patients without ICDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of PsychologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Gioele Gavazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of PsychologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Chiara Noferini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of PsychologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- European Laboratory for Non‐Linear Spectroscopy (LENS)Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Pasquale Palumbo
- Unit of Neurology of Prato, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical SpecialtiesCentral Tuscany Local Health AuthorityPratoItaly
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of PsychologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical SpecialtiesCentral Tuscany Local Health AuthorityFlorenceItaly
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Gronchi G, Righi S, Gavazzi G, Giganti F, Viggiano MP. Intuitive thinking predicts false memory formation due to a decrease in inhibitory efficiency. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1195668. [PMID: 37809292 PMCID: PMC10556870 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1195668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
False memory formation is usually studied using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm (DRM), in which individuals incorrectly remember words that were not originally presented. In this paper, we systematically investigated how two modes of thinking (analytical vs. intuitive) can influence the tendency to create false memories. The increased propensity of intuitive thinkers to generate more false memories can be explained by one or both of the following hypotheses: a decrease in the inhibition of the lure words that come to mind, or an increased reliance on the familiarity heuristic to determine if the word has been previously studied. In two studies, we conducted tests of both recognition and recall using the DRM paradigm. Our observations indicate that a decrease in inhibitory efficiency plays a larger role in false memory formation compared to the use of the familiarity heuristic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Triggiani AI, Kreiman G, Lewis C, Maoz U, Mele A, Mudrik L, Roskies A, Schurger A, Hallett M. What is the Intention to Move and When Does it Occur? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105199. [PMID: 37119992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In 1983 Benjamin Libet and colleagues published a paper apparently challenging the view that the conscious intention to move precedes the brain's preparation for movement. The experiment initiated debates about the nature of intention, the neurophysiology of movement, and philosophical and legal understanding of free will and moral responsibility. Here we review the concept of "conscious intention" and attempts to measure its timing. Scalp electroencephalographic activity prior to movement, the Bereitschaftspotential, clearly begins prior to the reported onset of conscious intent. However, the interpretation of this finding remains controversial. Numerous studies show that the Libet method for determining intent, W time, is not accurate and may be misleading. We conclude that intention has many different aspects, and although we now understand much more about how the brain makes movements, identifying the time of conscious intention is still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio I Triggiani
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gabriel Kreiman
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cara Lewis
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Uri Maoz
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; Anderson School of Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alfred Mele
- Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Liad Mudrik
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adina Roskies
- Department of Philosophy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Aaron Schurger
- INSERM U992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Neurospin Center, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, NeuroSpin Center, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Bravi R, Gavazzi G, Benedetti V, Giovannelli F, Grasso S, Panconi G, Viggiano MP, Minciacchi D. Effect of different sport environments on proactive and reactive motor inhibition: A study on open- and closed-skilled athletes via mouse-tracking procedure. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1042705. [PMID: 36578693 PMCID: PMC9791124 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1042705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of different sport environments (open-and closed-skill sports) on proactive and reactive inhibitory processes as two distinct components of motor inhibition. A mouse-tracking procedure was employed to compare behavioral performance among three groups of participants (tennis players, swimmers and non-athletes) in non-sport-specific cued Go/No-Go (GNG) and Stop Signal Task (SST), which mainly engage proactive and reactive inhibitory control, respectively. Reaction times (RTs), inhibitory failures, and Stop Signal Reaction Times (SSRTs) were measured. To investigate dynamic aspects of inhibitory control, movement trajectories classified as one-shot (absence of trajectory alteration reflected in a steep slope) or non-one-shot (non-linear/multipeaked trajectory, with one or multiple corrections) were analyzed and compared among groups. Results showed no group differences in RTs in Go/No-Go and Stop conditions. SSRTs were significant shorter for the athletes than non-athletes in SST, but no differences emerged for inhibitory failures in cued GNG. During inhibitory failures athletes showed higher proportion of non-one-shot movements than non-athletes. Higher proportion of non-one-shot profiles was observed in cued GNG compared to SST. Finally, no differences between open-and closed-skilled athletes were found in both tasks. Our findings suggest that both proactive and reactive inhibitory controls do benefit from sport practice, but open-and closed-skill sports do not differ in influencing inhibitory processes. Movement profile analysis could be a promising, complementary behavioral analysis to integrate for more fine-grained evaluation and differentiation of inhibitory motor control in athletes, specifically when using GNG tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bravi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gioele Gavazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Viola Benedetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Grasso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Panconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Minciacchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Ahn JS, Yoon JH, Kim JJ, Park JY. Movement-Related Potentials Associated with Motor Timing Errors as Determined by Internally Cued Movement Onset. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:670-678. [PMID: 34265196 PMCID: PMC8328837 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate motor timing is critical for efficient motor control of behaviors; however, the effect of motor timing abilities on movement-related neural activities has rarely been investigated. The current study aimed to examine the electrophysiological correlates of motor timing errors. METHODS Twenty-two healthy volunteers performed motor timing tasks while their electroencephalographic and electromyographic (EMG) activities were simultaneously recorded. The average of intervals between consecutive EMG onsets was calculated separately for each subject. Motor timing error was calculated as an absolute discrepancy value between the subjects' produced and given time interval. A movement-related potential (MRP) analysis was conducted using readings from Cz electrode. RESULTS Motor timing errors and MRPs were significantly correlated. Our principal finding was that only Bereitschaftpotential (BP) and motor potential (MP), not movement monitoring potential, were significantly attenuated in individuals with motor timing errors. Motor timing error had a significant effect on the amplitude of the late BP and MP. CONCLUSION The findings provide electrophysiological evidence that motor timing errors correlate with the neural processes involved in the generation of self-initiated voluntary movement. Alterations in MRPs reflect central motor control processes and may be indicative of motor timing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Seon Ahn
- Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Center for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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8
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A meta-analysis of Libet-style experiments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:182-198. [PMID: 34119525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the seminal Libet experiment (Libet et al., 1983), unconscious brain activity preceded the self-reported, conscious intention to move. This was repeatedly interpreted as challenging the view that (conscious) mental states cause behavior and, prominently, as challenging the existence of free will. Extensive discussions in philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and jurisprudence followed, but further empirical findings were heterogeneous. However, a quantitative review of the literature summarizing the evidence of Libet-style experiments is lacking. The present meta-analysis fills this gap. The results revealed a temporal pattern that is largely consistent with the one found by Libet and colleagues. Remarkably, there were only k = 6 studies for the time difference between unconscious brain activity and the conscious intention to move - the most crucial time difference regarding implications about conscious causation and free will. Additionally, there was a high degree of uncertainty associated with this meta-analytic effect. We conclude that some of Libet et al.'s findings appear more fragile than anticipated in light of the substantial scientific work that built on them.
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Giovannelli F, Menichetti C, Kiferle L, Raglione LM, Brotini S, Vanni P, Bacci D, Baldini M, Borgheresi A, Del Bene A, Grassi E, Guidi L, Toscani L, Volpi G, Palumbo P, Viggiano MP, Cincotta M. Impulsivity traits and awareness of motor intention in Parkinson's disease: a proof-of-concept study. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:335-340. [PMID: 34050422 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), impulsivity is still a matter of investigation. It has been hypothesized that impulsive personality traits may favour impulse control disorder (ICD) onset during dopaminergic therapy. In healthy subjects, a relationship between the awareness of motor intention and impulsive personality traits assessed by the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the awareness of voluntary action and impulsivity traits in PD. METHODS Twenty-eight PD patients (stages I-III on the Hoehn and Yahr scale) underwent an impulsivity trait assessment by the BIS-11 scale and a task based on the Libet's clock. Participants were requested to perform a self-initiated movement and report the time they first feel their intention to move (W-judgement) or the time of the actual movement (M-judgement). RESULTS In patients with higher BIS-11 scores, the time lag between the W-judgement and the actual movement was significantly lower than in patients with lower BIS-11. No difference emerged in the M-judgement. CONCLUSION Data suggest that also in PD patients, the impulsive personality trait is related to a "delayed" awareness of motor intention and therefore to a shorter interval to allow a conscious "veto" of the impending action. Characterization of the temporal profile of awareness of motor intention could prove useful in identifying PD patients at risk of developing ICDs during dopaminergic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Giovannelli
- Section of Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Menichetti
- Unit of Neurology of Pistoia, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Kiferle
- Unit of Neurology of Prato, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Maria Raglione
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Brotini
- Unit of Neurology of Empoli, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Vanni
- Unit of Neurology of Florence-OSMA, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Duccio Bacci
- Unit of Neurology of Florence-OSMA, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariella Baldini
- Unit of Neurology of Empoli, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borgheresi
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Del Bene
- Unit of Neurology of Pistoia, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Grassi
- Unit of Neurology of Prato, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonello Guidi
- Unit of Neurology of Empoli, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Toscani
- Unit of Neurology of Florence-OSMA, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Gino Volpi
- Unit of Neurology of Pistoia, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Palumbo
- Unit of Neurology of Prato, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Section of Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Area of the Department of Medical Specialties, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy.
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Orsolini S, Marzi C, Gavazzi G, Bianchi A, Salvadori E, Giannelli M, Donnini I, Rinnoci V, Pescini F, Pantoni L, Mascalchi M, Diciotti S. Altered Regional Brain Homogeneity of BOLD Signal in CADASIL: A Resting State fMRI Study. J Neuroimaging 2020; 31:348-355. [PMID: 33314416 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cognitive decline in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is assumed to be due to a cortical-subcortical disconnection secondary to damage to the cerebral white matter (WM). Using resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) and analysis of the regional homogeneity (ReHo), we examined a group of CADASIL patients and a group of healthy subjects in order to: (1) explore possible differences between the two groups; and (2) to assess, in CADASIL patients, whether any ReHo abnormalities correlate with individual burdens of WM T2 -weighted hyperintensity and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived index of mean diffusivity (MD) of the cerebral WM, an index reflecting microstructural damage in CADASIL. METHODS Twenty-three paucisymptomatic CADASIL patients (13 females; age mean ± standard deviation = 43.6 ± 11.1 years; three symptomatic and 20 with no or few symptoms) and 16 healthy controls (nine females; age 46.6 ± 11.0 years) were examined with T1 -weighted, T2 -weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery images, DTI, and rsfMRI. RESULTS When compared to controls, CADASIL patients showed four clusters of significantly lower ReHo values in cortical areas belonging to networks involved in inhibition and attention, including the right insula, the left superior frontal gyrus, and the bilateral anterior cingulated cortex. ReHo changes did not correlate with an individual patient's lesion burden or MD. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals decreased ReHo of rsfMRI signals in cortical areas involved in inhibition and attention processes, suggesting a potential role for these functional cortical changes in CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Orsolini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Marzi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Gioele Gavazzi
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Marco Giannelli
- Unit of Medical Physics, Pisa University Hospital "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana", Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Stroke and Dementia Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Mascalchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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11
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Benedetti V, Gavazzi G, Giovannelli F, Bravi R, Giganti F, Minciacchi D, Mascalchi M, Cincotta M, Viggiano MP. Mouse Tracking to Explore Motor Inhibition Processes in Go/No-Go and Stop Signal Tasks. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070464. [PMID: 32698348 PMCID: PMC7408439 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition relies on both proactive and reactive mechanisms that exert a synergic control on goal-directed actions. It is typically evaluated by the go/no-go (GNG) and the stop signal task (SST) with response recording based on the key-press method. However, the analysis of discrete variables (i.e., present or absent responses) registered by key-press could be insufficient to capture dynamic aspects of inhibitory control. Trying to overcome this limitation, in the present study we used a mouse tracking procedure to characterize movement profiles related to proactive and reactive inhibition. A total of fifty-three participants performed a cued GNG and an SST. The cued GNG mainly involves proactive control whereas the reactive component is mainly engaged in the SST. We evaluated the velocity profile from mouse trajectories both for responses obtained in the Go conditions and for inhibitory failures. Movements were classified as one-shot when no corrections were observed. Multi-peaked velocity profiles were classified as non-one-shot. A higher proportion of one-shot movements was found in the SST compared to the cued GNG when subjects failed to inhibit responses. This result suggests that proactive control may be responsible for unsmooth profiles in inhibition failures, supporting a differentiation between these tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Benedetti
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Fabio Giovannelli
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Riccardo Bravi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Fiorenza Giganti
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Diego Minciacchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Mario Mascalchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology of Florence, Central Tuscany Local Health Authority, 50143 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Le Bars S, Darriba Á, Waszak F. Event-related brain potentials to self-triggered tones: Impact of action type and impulsivity traits. Neuropsychologia 2019; 125:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Rossi A, Giovannelli F, Gavazzi G, Righi S, Cincotta M, Viggiano M. Electrophysiological Activity Prior to Self-initiated Movements is Related to Impulsive Personality Traits. Neuroscience 2018; 372:266-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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