1
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Bromham L. Combining Molecular, Macroevolutionary, and Macroecological Perspectives on the Generation of Diversity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041453. [PMID: 38503506 PMCID: PMC11368193 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Charles Darwin presented a unified process of diversification driven by the gradual accumulation of heritable variation. The growth in DNA databases and the increase in genomic sequencing, combined with advances in molecular phylogenetic analyses, gives us an opportunity to realize Darwin's vision, connecting the generation of variation to the diversification of lineages. The rate of molecular evolution is correlated with the rate of diversification across animals and plants, but the relationship between genome change and speciation is complex: Mutation rates evolve in response to life history and niche; substitution rates are influenced by mutation, selection, and population size; rates of acquisition of reproductive isolation vary between populations; and traits, niches, and distribution can influence diversification rates. The connection between mutation rate and diversification rate is one part of the complex and varied story of speciation, which has theoretical importance for understanding the generation of biodiversity and also practical impacts on the use of DNA to understand the dynamics of speciation over macroevolutionary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindell Bromham
- Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
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2
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Riesch R, Arriaga LR, Schlupp I. Sex-specific life-history trait expression in hybrids of a cave- and surface-dwelling fish ( Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae). Curr Zool 2024; 70:421-429. [PMID: 39176061 PMCID: PMC11336658 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the fitness of hybrids can provide important insights into genetic differences between species or diverging populations. We focused on surface- and cave-ecotypes of the widespread Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana and raised F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses to sexual maturity in a common-garden experiment. Hybrids were reared in a fully factorial 2 × 2 design consisting of lighting (light vs. darkness) and resource availability (high vs. low food). We quantified survival, ability to realize their full reproductive potential (i.e., completed maturation for males and 3 consecutive births for females) and essential life-history traits. Compared to the performance of pure cave and surface fish from a previous experiment, F1s had the highest death rate and the lowest proportion of fish that reached their full reproductive potential. We also uncovered an intriguing pattern of sex-specific phenotype expression, because male hybrids expressed cave molly life histories, while female hybrids expressed surface molly life histories. Our results provide evidence for strong selection against hybrids in the cave molly system, but also suggest a complex pattern of sex-specific (opposing) dominance, with certain surface molly genes being dominant in female hybrids and certain cave molly genes being dominant in male hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Luis R Arriaga
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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3
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Yukilevich R, Aoki F, Egan S, Zhang L. Coevolutionary Interactions between Sexual and Habitat Isolation during Reinforcement. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041431. [PMID: 38316551 PMCID: PMC11065176 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Speciation often involves the evolution of multiple genetic-based barriers to gene flow (i.e., "coupling"). However, barriers may exhibit a diversity of evolutionary interactions during speciation. These dynamics are important in reinforcement, where selection may favor different prezygotic isolating barriers to avoid maladaptive hybridization. Here we study the interaction between evolution of sexual and habitat isolation. We first review the empirical literature where both barriers were explicitly considered, and then develop a population genetic model of reinforcement. Most studies of both sexual and habitat isolation were found in phytophagous insect systems. In 76% of these studies, both barriers coevolved; the remaining cases either showed only habitat isolation (21%) or only sexual isolation (3%). Our two-allele genetic mechanism model of each barrier also found that these often coevolved, but habitat isolation was generally more effective during reinforcement. Depending on the fitness of hybrids (e.g., Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities) and initial migration rate, these barriers could either facilitate, curtail, or have no effect on each other. This indicates that basic parameters will alter the underlying evolutionary dynamics, and thus the nature of "speciation coupling" will be highly variable in natural systems. Finally, we studied initially asymmetrical migration rates and found that populations with higher initial emigration evolved stronger habitat isolation, while populations that initially received more immigrants exhibited stronger sexual isolation. These results are in line with observations in some empirical studies, but more data is needed to test their generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Yukilevich
- Department of Biology, Union College, Integrated Science and Engineering Complex, Schenectady, New York 12308, USA
| | - Fumio Aoki
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Scott Egan
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Linyi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
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4
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Siddiqui R, Swank S, Ozark A, Joaquin F, Travis MP, McMahan CD, Bell MA, Stuart YE. Inferring the evolution of reproductive isolation in a lineage of fossil threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus doryssus. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240337. [PMID: 38628124 PMCID: PMC11021931 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Darwin attributed the absence of species transitions in the fossil record to his hypothesis that speciation occurs within isolated habitat patches too geographically restricted to be captured by fossil sequences. Mayr's peripatric speciation model added that such speciation would be rapid, further explaining missing evidence of diversification. Indeed, Eldredge and Gould's original punctuated equilibrium model combined Darwin's conjecture, Mayr's model and 124 years of unsuccessfully sampling the fossil record for transitions. Observing such divergence, however, could illustrate the tempo and mode of evolution during early speciation. Here, we investigate peripatric divergence in a Miocene stickleback fish, Gasterosteus doryssus. This lineage appeared and, over approximately 8000 generations, evolved significant reduction of 12 of 16 traits related to armour, swimming and diet, relative to its ancestral population. This was greater morphological divergence than we observed between reproductively isolated, benthic-limnetic ecotypes of extant Gasterosteus aculeatus. Therefore, we infer that reproductive isolation was evolving. However, local extinction of G. doryssus lineages shows how young, isolated, speciating populations often disappear, supporting Darwin's explanation for missing evidence and revealing a mechanism behind morphological stasis. Extinction may also account for limited sustained divergence within the stickleback species complex and help reconcile speciation rate variation observed across time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheyma Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Swank
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allison Ozark
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Franklin Joaquin
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew P. Travis
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Bell
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yoel E. Stuart
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Caetano DS, Quental TB. How Important Is Budding Speciation for Comparative Studies? Syst Biol 2023; 72:1443-1453. [PMID: 37586404 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The acknowledgment of evolutionary dependence among species has fundamentally changed how we ask biological questions. Phylogenetic models became the standard approach for studies with 3 or more lineages, in particular those using extant species. Most phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) translate relatedness into covariance, meaning that evolutionary changes before lineages split should be interpreted together whereas after the split lineages are expected to change independently. This clever realization has shaped decades of research. Here, we discuss one element of the comparative method often ignored or assumed as unimportant: if nodes of a phylogeny represent the dissolution of the ancestral lineage into two new ones or if the ancestral lineage can survive speciation events (i.e., budding). Budding speciation is often reported in paleontological studies, due to the nature of the evidence for budding in the fossil record, but it is surprisingly absent in comparative methods. Here, we show that many PCMs assume that divergence happens as a symmetric split, even if these methods do not explicitly mention this assumption. We discuss the properties of trait evolution models for continuous and discrete traits and their adequacy under a scenario of budding speciation. We discuss the effects of budding speciation under a series of plausible evolutionary scenarios and show when and how these can influence our estimates. We also propose that long-lived lineages that have survived through a series of budding speciation events and given birth to multiple new lineages can produce evolutionary patterns that challenge our intuition about the most parsimonious history of trait changes in a clade. We hope our discussion can help bridge comparative approaches in paleontology and neontology as well as foster awareness about the assumptions we make when we use phylogenetic trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Caetano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, USA
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321 - Trav. 14, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Tiago B Quental
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321 - Trav. 14, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
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6
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Mahilkar A, Nagendra P, Venkataraman P, Deshmukh S, Saini S. Rapid evolution of pre-zygotic reproductive barriers in allopatric populations. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0195023. [PMID: 37787555 PMCID: PMC10714765 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01950-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A population diversifies into two or more species-such a process is known as speciation. In sexually reproducing microorganisms, which barriers arise first-pre-mating or post-mating? In this work, we quantify the relative strengths of these barriers and demonstrate that pre-mating barriers arise first in allopatrically evolving populations of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These defects arise because of the altered kinetics of mating of the participating groups. Thus, our work provides an understanding of how adaptive changes can lead to diversification among microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mahilkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prachitha Nagendra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pavithra Venkataraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saniya Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supreet Saini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, Maharashtra, India
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7
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Hudson CM, Cuenca Cambronero M, Moosmann M, Narwani A, Spaak P, Seehausen O, Matthews B. Environmentally independent selection for hybrids between divergent freshwater stickleback lineages in semi-natural ponds. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1166-1184. [PMID: 37394735 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization following secondary contact of genetically divergent populations can influence the range expansion of invasive species, though specific outcomes depend on the environmental dependence of hybrid fitness. Here, using two genetically and ecologically divergent threespine stickleback lineages that differ in their history of freshwater colonization, we estimate fitness variation of parental lineages and hybrids in semi-natural freshwater ponds with contrasting histories of nutrient loading. In our experiment, we found that fish from the older freshwater lineage (Lake Geneva) and hybrids outperformed fish from the younger freshwater lineage (Lake Constance) in terms of both growth and survival, regardless of the environmental context of our ponds. Across all ponds, hybrids exhibited the highest survival. Although wild-caught adult populations differed in their functional and defence morphology, it is unclear which of these traits underlie the fitness differences observed among juveniles in our experiment. Overall, our work suggests that when hybrid fitness is insensitive to environmental conditions, as observed here, introgression may promote population expansion into unoccupied habitats and accelerate invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Marshall Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cuenca Cambronero
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Marvin Moosmann
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
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8
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Lackey ACR, Murray AC, Mirza NA, Powell THQ. The role of sexual isolation during rapid ecological divergence: Evidence for a new dimension of isolation in Rhagoletis pomonella. J Evol Biol 2023. [PMID: 37173822 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The pace of divergence and likelihood of speciation often depends on how and when different types of reproductive barriers evolve. Questions remain about how reproductive isolation evolves after initial divergence. We tested for the presence of sexual isolation (reduced mating between populations due to divergent mating preferences and traits) in Rhagoletis pomonella flies, a model system for incipient ecological speciation. We measured the strength of sexual isolation between two very recently diverged (~170 generations) sympatric populations, adapted to different host fruits (hawthorn and apple). We found that flies from both populations were more likely to mate within than between populations. Thus, sexual isolation may play an important role in reducing gene flow allowed by early-acting ecological barriers. We also tested how warmer temperatures predicted under climate change could alter sexual isolation and found that sexual isolation was markedly asymmetric under warmer temperatures - apple males and hawthorn females mated randomly while apple females and hawthorn males mated more within populations than between. Our findings provide a window into the early speciation process and the role of sexual isolation after initial ecological divergence, in addition to examining how environmental conditions could shape the likelihood of further divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia C R Lackey
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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9
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Anderson SAS, López-Fernández H, Weir JT. Ecology and the origin of non-ephemeral species. Am Nat 2022; 201:619-638. [PMID: 37130236 DOI: 10.1086/723763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResearch over the past three decades has shown that ecology-based extrinsic reproductive barriers can rapidly arise to generate incipient species-but such barriers can also rapidly dissolve when environments change, resulting in incipient species collapse. Understanding the evolution of unconditional, "intrinsic" reproductive barriers is therefore important for understanding the longer-term buildup of biodiversity. In this article, we consider ecology's role in the evolution of intrinsic reproductive isolation. We suggest that this topic has fallen into a gap between disciplines: while evolutionary ecologists have traditionally focused on the rapid evolution of extrinsic isolation between co-occurring ecotypes, speciation geneticists studying intrinsic isolation in other taxa have devoted little attention to the ecological context in which it evolves. We argue that for evolutionary ecology to close this gap, the field will have to expand its focus beyond rapid adaptation and its traditional model systems. Synthesizing data from several subfields, we present circumstantial evidence for and against different forms of ecological adaptation as promoters of intrinsic isolation and discuss alternative forces that may be significant. We conclude by outlining complementary approaches that can better address the role of ecology in the evolution of nonephemeral reproductive barriers and, by extension, less ephemeral species.
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10
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Westram AM, Stankowski S, Surendranadh P, Barton N. What is reproductive isolation? J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1143-1164. [PMID: 36063156 PMCID: PMC9542822 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation (RI) is a core concept in evolutionary biology. It has been the central focus of speciation research since the modern synthesis and is the basis by which biological species are defined. Despite this, the term is used in seemingly different ways, and attempts to quantify RI have used very different approaches. After showing that the field lacks a clear definition of the term, we attempt to clarify key issues, including what RI is, how it can be quantified in principle, and how it can be measured in practice. Following other definitions with a genetic focus, we propose that RI is a quantitative measure of the effect that genetic differences between populations have on gene flow. Specifically, RI compares the flow of neutral alleles in the presence of these genetic differences to the flow without any such differences. RI is thus greater than zero when genetic differences between populations reduce the flow of neutral alleles between populations. We show how RI can be quantified in a range of scenarios. A key conclusion is that RI depends strongly on circumstances-including the spatial, temporal and genomic context-making it difficult to compare across systems. After reviewing methods for estimating RI from data, we conclude that it is difficult to measure in practice. We discuss our findings in light of the goals of speciation research and encourage the use of methods for estimating RI that integrate organismal and genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M. Westram
- IST AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
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11
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Non-parallel morphological divergence following colonization of a new host plant. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAdaptation to new ecological niches is known to spur population diversification and may lead to speciation if gene flow is ceased. While adaptation to the same ecological niche is expected to be parallel, it is more difficult to predict whether selection against maladaptive hybridization in secondary sympatry results in parallel divergence also in traits that are not directly related to the ecological niches. Such parallelisms in response to selection for reproductive isolation can be identified through estimating parallelism in reproductive character displacement across different zones of secondary contact. Here, we use a host shift in the phytophagous peacock fly Tephritis conura, with both host races represented in two geographically separate areas East and West of the Baltic Sea to investigate convergence in morphological adaptations. We asked (i) if there are consistent morphological adaptations to a host plant shift and (ii) if the response to secondary sympatry with the alternate host race is parallel across contact zones. We found surprisingly low and variable, albeit significant, divergence between host races. Only one trait, the length of the female ovipositor, which serves an important function in the interaction with the hosts, was consistently different between host races. Instead, co-existence with the other host race significantly affected the degree of morphological divergence, but the divergence was largely driven by different traits in different contact zones. Thus, local stochastic fixation or reinforcement could generate trait divergence, and additional evidence is needed to conclude whether divergence is locally adaptive.
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12
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Thompson KA, Schluter D. Heterosis counteracts hybrid breakdown to forestall speciation by parallel natural selection. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220422. [PMID: 35506223 PMCID: PMC9065978 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to ecological speciation, where reproductive isolation evolves as a consequence of divergent natural selection, speciation by parallel natural selection has been less thoroughly studied. To test whether parallel evolution drives speciation, we leveraged the repeated evolution of benthic and limnetic ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish and estimated fitness for pure crosses and within-ecotype hybrids in semi-natural ponds and in laboratory aquaria. In ponds, we detected hybrid breakdown in both ecotypes but this was counterbalanced by heterosis and the strength of post-zygotic isolation was nil. In aquaria, we detected heterosis in limnetic crosses and breakdown in benthic crosses, which is suggestive of process- and ecotype-specific environment-dependence. In ponds, heterosis and breakdown were three times greater in limnetic crosses than in benthic crosses, contrasting the prediction that the fitness consequences of hybridization should be greater in crosses among more derived ecotypes. Consistent with a primary role for stochastic processes, patterns differed among crosses between populations from different lakes. Yet, the observation of qualitatively similar patterns of heterosis and hybrid breakdown for both ecotypes when averaging the lake pairs indicates that the outcome of hybridization is repeatable in a general sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken A. Thompson
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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13
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Chhina AK, Thompson KA, Schluter D. Adaptive divergence and the evolution of hybrid trait mismatch in threespine stickleback. Evol Lett 2022; 6:34-45. [PMID: 35127136 PMCID: PMC8802241 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection against mismatched traits in hybrids is the phenotypic analogue of intrinsic hybrid incompatibilities. Mismatch occurs when hybrids resemble one parent population for some phenotypic traits and the other parent population for other traits, and is caused by dominance in opposing directions or from segregation of alleles in recombinant hybrids. In this study, we used threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) to test the theoretical prediction that trait mismatch in hybrids should increase with the magnitude of phenotypic divergence between parent populations. We measured morphological traits in parents and hybrids in crosses between a marine population representing the ancestral form and twelve freshwater populations that have diverged from this ancestral state to varying degrees according to their environments. We found that trait mismatch was greater in more divergent crosses for both F1 and F2 hybrids. In the F1, the divergence–mismatch relationship was caused by traits having dominance in different directions, whereas it was caused by increasing segregating phenotypic variation in the F2. Our results imply that extrinsic hybrid incompatibilities accumulate as phenotypic divergence proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet K. Chhina
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Ken A. Thompson
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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14
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Thompson KA, Peichel CL, Rennison DJ, McGee MD, Albert AYK, Vines TH, Greenwood AK, Wark AR, Brandvain Y, Schumer M, Schluter D. Analysis of ancestry heterozygosity suggests that hybrid incompatibilities in threespine stickleback are environment dependent. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001469. [PMID: 35007278 PMCID: PMC8746713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid incompatibilities occur when interactions between opposite ancestry alleles at different loci reduce the fitness of hybrids. Most work on incompatibilities has focused on those that are "intrinsic," meaning they affect viability and sterility in the laboratory. Theory predicts that ecological selection can also underlie hybrid incompatibilities, but tests of this hypothesis using sequence data are scarce. In this article, we compiled genetic data for F2 hybrid crosses between divergent populations of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) that were born and raised in either the field (seminatural experimental ponds) or the laboratory (aquaria). Because selection against incompatibilities results in elevated ancestry heterozygosity, we tested the prediction that ancestry heterozygosity will be higher in pond-raised fish compared to those raised in aquaria. We found that ancestry heterozygosity was elevated by approximately 3% in crosses raised in ponds compared to those raised in aquaria. Additional analyses support a phenotypic basis for incompatibility and suggest that environment-specific single-locus heterozygote advantage is not the cause of selection on ancestry heterozygosity. Our study provides evidence that, in stickleback, a coarse-albeit indirect-signal of environment-dependent hybrid incompatibility is reliably detectable and suggests that extrinsic incompatibilities can evolve before intrinsic incompatibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken A. Thompson
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine L. Peichel
- Division of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana J. Rennison
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. McGee
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Timothy H. Vines
- DataSeer Research Data Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Abigail R. Wark
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yaniv Brandvain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Molly Schumer
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Hickmann F, Cordeiro EG, Soares PL, Aurélio MSL, Schwertner CF, Corrêa AS. Reproductive Patterns Drive the Gene Flow and Spatial Dispersal of Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2346-2354. [PMID: 34657956 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has two allopatric strains with a hybrid zone in central Brazil. Asymmetric dispersal and gene flow between these strains of E. heros have been observed, where the South strain (SS) moves more quickly to the northern regions of the country than the North strain (NS) to the southern areas. In addition, SS generally has a bigger body size and presents dark brown coloration, and NS is usually smaller in size and presents light brown coloration. Here, we studied the reproductive behavior and tested for the presence of assortative mating and reproductive barriers between the two allopatric strains of E. heros. Nonrandom mating was observed in the SS strain based on mating choice trials and the reproductive isolation indexes. SS females and males prefer to mate with their co-specific (same strain) partner, while NS insects showed no mating preference. The insect's pronotum width was positively associated with the mating choice suggesting size-assortative mating in E. heros. Reciprocal crosses between strains yielded similar reproductive outputs when compared with pure strain crosses, suggesting similar fitness of hybrid pure strains. The asymmetric gene flow in the hybridization zone that favors SS seems to be associated with the reproductive behavior of the species, which favors the typical phenotype found in the SS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Hickmann
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Erick Goes Cordeiro
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lima Soares
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Souza L Aurélio
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Feldens Schwertner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09972-270Brazil
| | - Alberto Soares Corrêa
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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16
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Ramesh A, Domingues MM, Stamhuis EJ, Groothuis TGG, Weissing FJ, Nicolaus M. Does genetic differentiation underlie behavioral divergence in response to migration barriers in sticklebacks? A common garden experiment. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Water management measures in the 1970s in the Netherlands have produced a large number of “resident” populations of three-spined sticklebacks that are no longer able to migrate to the sea. This may be viewed as a replicated field experiment, allowing us to study how the resident populations are coping with human-induced barriers to migration. We have previously shown that residents are smaller, bolder, more exploratory, more active, and more aggressive and exhibited lower shoaling and lower migratory tendencies compared to their ancestral “migrant” counterparts. However, it is not clear if these differences in wild-caught residents and migrants reflect genetic differentiation, rather than different developmental conditions. To investigate this, we raised offspring of four crosses (migrant ♂ × migrant ♀, resident ♂ × resident ♀, migrant ♂ × resident ♀, resident ♂ × migrant ♀) under similar controlled conditions and tested for differences in morphology and behavior as adults. We found that lab-raised resident sticklebacks exhibited lower shoaling and migratory tendencies as compared to lab-raised migrants, retaining the differences in their wild-caught parents. This indicates genetic differentiation of these traits. For all other traits, the lab-raised sticklebacks of the various crosses did not differ significantly, suggesting that the earlier-found contrast between wild-caught fish reflects differences in their environment. Our study shows that barriers to migration can lead to rapid differentiation in behavioral tendencies over contemporary timescales (~ 50 generations) and that part of these differences reflects genetic differentiation.
Significance statement
Many organisms face changes to their habitats due to human activities. Much research is therefore dedicated to the question whether and how organisms are able to adapt to novel conditions. We address this question in three-spined sticklebacks, where water management measures cut off some populations, prohibiting their seasonal migration to the North Sea. In a previous study, we showed that wild-caught “resident” fish exhibited markedly different behavior than migrants. To disentangle whether these differences reflect genetic differentiation or differences in the conditions under which the wild-caught fish grew up, we conducted crosses, raising the F1 offspring under identical conditions. As their wild-caught parents, the F1 of resident × resident crosses exhibited lower migratory and shoaling tendencies than the F1 of migrant × migrant crosses, while the F1 of hybrid crosses were intermediate. This suggests that ~ 50 years of isolation are sufficient to induce behaviorally relevant genetic differentiation.
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17
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Porter CK, Benkman CW. Performance tradeoffs and resource availability drive variation in reproductive isolation between sympatrically diverging crossbills. Am Nat 2021; 199:362-379. [DOI: 10.1086/718235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Horta-Lacueva QJB, Snorrason SS, Morrissey MB, Leblanc CAL, Kapralova KH. Multivariate analysis of morphology, behaviour, growth and developmental timing in hybrids brings new insights into the divergence of sympatric Arctic charr morphs. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:170. [PMID: 34493202 PMCID: PMC8422654 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the development of fitness related traits in hybrids from populations diverging in sympatry is a fundamental approach to understand the processes of speciation. However, such traits are often affected by covariance structures that complicate the comprehension of these processes, especially because the interactive relationships between traits of different nature (e.g. morphology, behaviour, life-history) remain largely unknown in this context. In a common garden setup, we conducted an extensive examination of a large suit of traits putatively involved in the divergence of two morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), and investigated the consequences of potential patterns of trait covariance on the phenotype of their hybrids. These traits were measured along ontogeny and involved growth, yolk sac resorption, developmental timing (hatching and the onset of exogeneous feeding), head morphology and feeding behaviour. RESULTS Growth trajectories provided the strongest signal of phenotypic divergence between the two charr. Strikingly, the first-generation hybrids did not show intermediate nor delayed growth but were similar to the smallest morph, suggesting parental biases in the inheritance of growth patterns. However, we did not observe extensive multivariate trait differences between the two morphs and their hybrids. Growth was linked to head morphology (suggesting that morphological variations in early juveniles relate to simple allometric effects) but this was the only strong signal of covariance observed between all the measured traits. Furthermore, we did not report evidence for differences in overall phenotypic variance between morphs, nor for enhanced phenotypic variability in their hybrids. CONCLUSION Our study shed light on the multivariate aspect of development in a context of adaptive divergence. The lack of evidence for the integration of most traits into a single covariance structure suggested that phenotypic constraints may not always favour nor impede divergence toward ecological niches differing in numerous physical and ecological variables, as observed in the respective habitats of the two charr. Likewise, the role of hybridization as a disruptive agent of trait covariance may not necessarily be significant in the evolution of populations undergoing resource polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin J-B Horta-Lacueva
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja - Náttúrufræðihús, Sturlugötu 7, 102, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Sigurður S Snorrason
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja - Náttúrufræðihús, Sturlugötu 7, 102, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Michael B Morrissey
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, Greenside Place, St Andrews, UK
| | - Camille A-L Leblanc
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Háeyri 1, 550, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Kalina H Kapralova
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja - Náttúrufræðihús, Sturlugötu 7, 102, Reykjavík, Iceland
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19
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Faria R, Johannesson K, Stankowski S. Speciation in marine environments: Diving under the surface. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:4-15. [PMID: 33460491 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine environments are inhabited by a broad representation of the tree of life, yet our understanding of speciation in marine ecosystems is extremely limited compared with terrestrial and freshwater environments. Developing a more comprehensive picture of speciation in marine environments requires that we 'dive under the surface' by studying a wider range of taxa and ecosystems is necessary for a more comprehensive picture of speciation. Although studying marine evolutionary processes is often challenging, recent technological advances in different fields, from maritime engineering to genomics, are making it increasingly possible to study speciation of marine life forms across diverse ecosystems and taxa. Motivated by recent research in the field, including the 14 contributions in this issue, we highlight and discuss six axes of research that we think will deepen our understanding of speciation in the marine realm: (a) study a broader range of marine environments and organisms; (b) identify the reproductive barriers driving speciation between marine taxa; (c) understand the role of different genomic architectures underlying reproductive isolation; (d) infer the evolutionary history of divergence using model-based approaches; (e) study patterns of hybridization and introgression between marine taxa; and (f) implement highly interdisciplinary, collaborative research programmes. In outlining these goals, we hope to inspire researchers to continue filling this critical knowledge gap surrounding the origins of marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Sean Stankowski
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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20
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Porter CK, Confer JL, Aldinger KR, Canterbury RA, Larkin JL, McNeil DJ. Strong yet incomplete reproductive isolation in Vermivora is not contradicted by other lines of evidence: A reply to Toews et al. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10724-10730. [PMID: 34367609 PMCID: PMC8328446 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toews et al. assert that strong reproductive isolation in Vermivora is inconsistent with other lines of evidence. Here, we discuss how strong yet incomplete reproductive isolation is consistent with other results from this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody K. Porter
- Wildlife Biology ProgramLees‐McRae CollegeBanner ElkNCUSA
| | | | - Kyle R. Aldinger
- West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDivision of Forestry and Natural ResourcesWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA
| | | | | | - Darin J. McNeil
- Department of EntomologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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21
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Zhang L, Hood GR, Carroo I, Ott JR, Egan SP. Context-Dependent Reproductive Isolation: Host Plant Variability Drives Fitness of Hybrid Herbivores. Am Nat 2021; 197:732-739. [PMID: 33989147 DOI: 10.1086/714139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe role of divergent selection between alternative environments in promoting reproductive isolation (RI) between lineages is well recognized. However, most studies view each divergent environment as homogenous, thereby overlooking the potential role within-environment variation plays in RI between differentiating lineages. Here, we test the importance of microenvironmental variation in RI by using individual trees of two host plants, each harboring locally adapted populations of the cynipid wasp Belonocnema treatae. We compared the fitness surrogate (survival) of offspring from hybrid crosses with resident crosses across individual trees on each of two primary host plants, Quercus virginiana and Q. geminata. We found evidence of weak hybrid inviability between host-associated lineages of B. treatae despite strong genomic differentiation. However, averaging across environments masked great variation in hybrid fitness on individual trees, where hybrids performed worse than, equal to, or better than residents. Thus, considering the environmental context of hybridization is critical to improving the predictability of divergence under variable selection.
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22
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Turbek SP, Browne M, Di Giacomo AS, Kopuchian C, Hochachka WM, Estalles C, Lijtmaer DA, Tubaro PL, Silveira LF, Lovette IJ, Safran RJ, Taylor SA, Campagna L. Rapid speciation via the evolution of pre-mating isolation in the Iberá Seedeater. Science 2021; 371:371/6536/eabc0256. [PMID: 33766854 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral isolation can catalyze speciation and permit the slow accumulation of additional reproductive barriers between co-occurring organisms. We illustrate how this process occurs by examining the genomic and behavioral bases of pre-mating isolation between two bird species (Sporophila hypoxantha and the recently discovered S. iberaensis) that belong to the southern capuchino seedeaters, a recent, rapid radiation characterized by variation in male plumage coloration and song. Although these two species co-occur without obvious ecological barriers to reproduction, we document behaviors indicating species recognition by song and plumage traits and strong assortative mating associated with genomic regions underlying male plumage patterning. Plumage differentiation likely originated through the reassembly of standing genetic variation, indicating how novel sexual signals may quickly arise and maintain species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela P Turbek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Melanie Browne
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL, CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Adrián S Di Giacomo
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL, CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Kopuchian
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL, CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Wesley M Hochachka
- Center for Avian Population Studies, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia Estalles
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío A Lijtmaer
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo L Tubaro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Irby J Lovette
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Scott A Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Leonardo Campagna
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA
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23
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Matute DR, Cooper BS. Comparative studies on speciation: 30 years since Coyne and Orr. Evolution 2021; 75:764-778. [PMID: 33491225 PMCID: PMC8247902 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes of population divergence and speciation remains a core question in evolutionary biology. For nearly a hundred years evolutionary geneticists have characterized reproductive isolation (RI) mechanisms and specific barriers to gene flow required for species formation. The seminal work of Coyne and Orr provided the first comprehensive comparative analysis of speciation. By combining phylogenetic hypotheses and species range data with estimates of genetic divergence and multiple mechanisms of RI across Drosophila, Coyne and Orr's influential meta-analyses answered fundamental questions and motivated new analyses that continue to push the field forward today. Now 30 years later, we revisit the five questions addressed by Coyne and Orr, identifying results that remain well supported and others that seem less robust with new data. We then consider the future of speciation research, with emphasis on areas where novel methods and data motivate potential progress. While the literature remains biased towards Drosophila and other model systems, we are enthusiastic about the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Matute
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27510
| | - Brandon S. Cooper
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana59812
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24
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Dean LL, Dunstan HR, Reddish A, MacColl ADC. Courtship behavior, nesting microhabitat, and assortative mating in sympatric stickleback species pairs. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1741-1755. [PMID: 33614001 PMCID: PMC7882950 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of reproductive isolation in the face of gene flow is a particularly contentious topic, but differences in reproductive behavior may provide the key to explaining this phenomenon. However, we do not yet fully understand how behavior contributes to maintaining species boundaries. How important are behavioral differences during reproduction? To what extent does assortative mating maintain reproductive isolation in recently diverged populations and how important are "magic traits"? Assortative mating can arise as a by-product of accumulated differences between divergent populations as well as an adaptive response to contact between those populations, but this is often overlooked. Here we address these questions using recently described species pairs of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), from two separate locations and a phenotypically intermediate allopatric population on the island of North Uist, Scottish Western Isles. We identified stark differences in the preferred nesting substrate and courtship behavior of species pair males. We showed that all males selectively court females of their own ecotype and all females prefer males of the same ecotype, regardless of whether they are from species pairs or allopatric populations. We also showed that mate choice does not appear to be driven by body size differences (a potential "magic trait"). By explicitly comparing the strength of these mating preferences between species pairs and single-ecotype locations, we were able to show that present levels of assortative mating due to direct mate choice are likely a by-product of other adaptations between ecotypes, and not subject to obvious selection in species pairs. Our results suggest that ecological divergence in mating characteristics, particularly nesting microhabitat may be more important than direct mate choice in maintaining reproductive isolation in stickleback species pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Dean
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Amelia Reddish
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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25
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Hudson CM, Lucek K, Marques DA, Alexander TJ, Moosmann M, Spaak P, Seehausen O, Matthews B. Threespine Stickleback in Lake Constance: The Ecology and Genomic Substrate of a Recent Invasion. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.611672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species can be powerful models for studying contemporary evolution in natural environments. As invading organisms often encounter new habitats during colonization, they will experience novel selection pressures. Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) have recently colonized large parts of Switzerland and are invasive in Lake Constance. Introduced to several watersheds roughly 150 years ago, they spread across the Swiss Plateau (400–800 m a.s.l.), bringing three divergent hitherto allopatric lineages into secondary contact. As stickleback have colonized a variety of different habitat types during this recent range expansion, the Swiss system is a useful model for studying contemporary evolution with and without secondary contact. For example, in the Lake Constance region there has been rapid phenotypic and genetic divergence between a lake population and some stream populations. There is considerable phenotypic variation within the lake population, with individuals foraging in and occupying littoral, offshore pelagic, and profundal waters, the latter of which is a very unusual habitat for stickleback. Furthermore, adults from the lake population can reach up to three times the size of adults from the surrounding stream populations, and are large by comparison to populations globally. Here, we review the historical origins of the threespine stickleback in Switzerland, and the ecomorphological variation and genomic basis of its invasion in Lake Constance. We also outline the potential ecological impacts of this invasion, and highlight the interest for contemporary evolution studies.
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26
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Zhang L, Hood GR, Roush AM, Shzu SA, Comerford MS, Ott JR, Egan SP. Asymmetric, but opposing reductions in immigrant viability and fecundity promote reproductive isolation among host-associated populations of an insect herbivore. Evolution 2020; 75:476-489. [PMID: 33330984 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immigrant inviability can contribute to reproductive isolation (RI) during ecological speciation by reducing the survival of immigrants in non-native environments. However, studies that assess the fitness consequence of immigrants moving from native to non-native environments typically fail to explore the potential role of concomitant reductions in immigrant fecundity despite recent evidence suggesting its prominent role during local adaptation. Here, we evaluate the directionality and magnitude of both immigrant viability and fecundity to RI in a host-specific gall-forming wasp, Belonocnema treatae. Using reciprocal transplant experiments replicated across sites, we measure immigrant viability and fecundity by comparing differences in the incidence of gall formation (viability) and predicted the number of eggs per female (fecundity) between residents and immigrants in each of two host-plant environments. Reduced immigrant viability was found in one host environment while reduced immigrant fecundity was found in the other. Such habitat-dependent barriers resulted in asymmetric RI between populations. By surveying recent literature on local adaptation, we find that asymmetry in immigrant viability and fecundity are widespread across disparate taxa, which highlights the need to combine estimates of both common and overlooked barriers in cases of potential bi-directional gene flow to create a more comprehensive view of the evolution of RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhang
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
| | - Glen R Hood
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005.,Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Amy M Roush
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
| | - Shih An Shzu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
| | | | - James R Ott
- Population and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666
| | - Scott P Egan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
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27
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Lucek K, Butlin RK, Patsiou T. Secondary contact zones of closely-related Erebia butterflies overlap with narrow phenotypic and parasitic clines. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1152-1163. [PMID: 32573833 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zones of secondary contact between closely related taxa are a common legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Despite their abundance, the factors that keep species apart and prevent hybridization are often unknown. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between three closely related butterfly species of the Erebia tyndarus species complex. Using genomic data, we first determined whether gene flow occurs and then assessed whether it might be hampered by differences in chromosome number between some species. We found interspecific gene flow between sibling species that differ in karyotype by one chromosome. Conversely, only F1 hybrids occurred between two species that have the same karyotype, forming a steep genomic cline. In a second step, we fitted clines to phenotypic, ecological and parasitic data to identify the factors associated with the genetic cline. We found clines for phenotypic data and the prevalence of the endosymbiont parasite Wolbachia to overlap with the genetic cline, suggesting that they might be drivers for separating the two species. Overall, our results highlight that some gene flow is possible between closely related species despite different chromosome numbers, but that other barriers restrict such gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Theofania Patsiou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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28
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Singh P, Ballmer DN, Laubscher M, Schärer L. Successful mating and hybridisation in two closely related flatworm species despite significant differences in reproductive morphology and behaviour. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12830. [PMID: 32732887 PMCID: PMC7393371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits are some of the fastest diverging characters and can serve as reproductive barriers. The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano, and its congener M. janickei are closely related, but differ substantially in their male intromittent organ (stylet) morphology. Here, we examine whether these morphological differences are accompanied by differences in behavioural traits, and whether these could represent barriers to successful mating and hybridization between the two species. Our data shows that the two species differ in many aspects of their mating behaviour. Despite these differences, the species mate readily with each other in heterospecific pairings. Although both species have similar fecundity in conspecific pairings, the heterospecific pairings revealed clear postmating barriers, as few heterospecific pairings produced F1 hybrids. These hybrids had a stylet morphology that was intermediate between that of the parental species, and they were fertile. Finally, using a mate choice experiment, we show that the nearly two-fold higher mating rate of M. lignano caused it to mate more with conspecifics, leading to assortative mating, while M. janickei ended up mating more with heterospecifics. Thus, while the two species can hybridize, the mating rate differences could possibly lead to higher fitness costs for M. janickei compared to M. lignano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel N Ballmer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Laubscher
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schärer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Yamasaki YY, Kakioka R, Takahashi H, Toyoda A, Nagano AJ, Machida Y, Møller PR, Kitano J. Genome-wide patterns of divergence and introgression after secondary contact between Pungitius sticklebacks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190548. [PMID: 32654635 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Speciation is a continuous process. Although it is known that differential adaptation can initiate divergence even in the face of gene flow, we know relatively little about the mechanisms driving complete reproductive isolation and the genomic patterns of divergence and introgression at the later stages of speciation. Sticklebacks contain many pairs of sympatric species differing in levels of reproductive isolation and divergence history. Nevertheless, most previous studies have focused on young species pairs. Here, we investigated two sympatric stickleback species, Pungitius pungitius and P. sinensis, whose habitats overlap in eastern Hokkaido; these species show hybrid male sterility, suggesting that they may be at a late stage of speciation. Our demographic analysis using whole-genome sequence data showed that these species split 1.73 Ma and came into secondary contact 37 200 years ago after a period of allopatry. This long period of allopatry might have promoted the evolution of intrinsic incompatibility. Although we detected on-going gene flow and signatures of introgression, overall genomic divergence was high, with considerable heterogeneity across the genome. The heterogeneity was significantly associated with variation in recombination rate. This sympatric pair provides new avenues to investigate the late stages of the stickleback speciation continuum. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Y Yamasaki
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakioka
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- National Fisheries University, 2-7-1 Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Machida
- Bihoro Museum, Midori 253-4, Bihoro, Abashiri, Hokkaido 092-0002, Japan
| | - Peter R Møller
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitatetsparken 15, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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30
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Tinghitella RM, Lackey ACR, Durso C, Koop JAH, Boughman JW. The ecological stage changes benefits of mate choice and drives preference divergence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190546. [PMID: 32654644 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Preference divergence is thought to contribute to reproductive isolation. Ecology can alter the way selection acts on female preferences, making them most likely to diverge when ecological conditions vary among populations. We present a novel mechanism for ecologically dependent sexual selection, termed 'the ecological stage' to highlight its ecological dependence. Our hypothesized mechanism emphasizes that males and females interact over mating in a specific ecological context, and different ecological conditions change the costs and benefits of mating interactions, selecting for different preferences in distinct environments and different male traits, especially when traits are condition dependent. We test key predictions of this mechanism in a sympatric three-spine stickleback species pair. We used a maternal half-sib split-clutch design for both species, mating females to attractive and unattractive males and raising progeny on alternate diets that mimic the specialized diets of the species in nature. We estimated the benefits of mate choice for an indicator trait (male nuptial colour) by measuring many fitness components across the lifetimes of both sons and daughters from these crosses. We analysed fitness data using a combination of aster and mixed models. We found that many benefits of mating with high-colour males depended on both species and diet. These results support the ecological stage hypothesis for sticklebacks. Finally, we discuss the potential role of this mechanism for other taxa and highlight its ability to enhance reproductive isolation as speciation proceeds, thus facilitating the evolution of strong reproductive isolation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alycia C R Lackey
- Biological Sciences Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Durso
- Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer A H Koop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Janette W Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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31
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Ravinet M, Kume M, Ishikawa A, Kitano J. Patterns of genomic divergence and introgression between Japanese stickleback species with overlapping breeding habitats. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:114-127. [PMID: 32557887 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With only a few absolute geographic barriers in marine environments, the factors maintaining reproductive isolation among marine organisms remain elusive. However, spatial structuring in breeding habitat can contribute to reproductive isolation. This is particularly important for marine organisms that migrate to use fresh- or brackish water environments to breed. The Japanese Gasterosteus stickleback species, the Pacific Ocean three-spined stickleback (G. aculeatus) and the Japan Sea stickleback (G. nipponicus) overwinter in the sea, but migrate to rivers for spawning. Although they co-occur at several locations across the Japanese islands, they are reproductively isolated. Our previous studies in Bekanbeushi River showed that the Japan Sea stickleback spawns in the estuary, while the Pacific Ocean stickleback mainly spawns further upstream in freshwater. Overall genomic divergence was very high with many interspersed regions of introgression. Here, we investigated genomic divergence and introgression between the sympatric species in the much shorter Tokotan River, where they share spawning sites. The levels of genome-wide divergence were reduced and introgression was increased, suggesting that habitat isolation substantially contributes to a reduction in gene flow. We also found that genomic regions of introgression were largely shared between the two systems. Furthermore, some regions of introgression were located near loci with a heterozygote advantage for juvenile survival. Taken together, introgression may be partially driven by adaptation in this system. Although, the two species remain clearly genetically differentiated. Regions with low recombination rates showed especially low introgression. Speciation reversal is therefore likely prevented by barriers other than habitat isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ravinet
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Manabu Kume
- Kyoto University Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asano Ishikawa
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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32
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Van Buskirk J, Jansen van Rensburg A. Relative importance of isolation‐by‐environment and other determinants of gene flow in an alpine amphibian. Evolution 2020; 74:962-978. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Van Buskirk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Jansen van Rensburg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich 8057 Switzerland
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TQ United Kingdom
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33
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McLean CA, Bartle RA, Dong CM, Rankin KJ, Stuart-Fox D. Divergent male and female mate preferences do not explain incipient speciation between lizard lineages. Curr Zool 2020; 66:485-492. [PMID: 33293929 PMCID: PMC7705505 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversification in sexual signals is often taken as evidence for the importance of sexual selection in speciation. However, in order for sexual selection to generate reproductive isolation between populations, both signals and mate preferences must diverge together. Furthermore, assortative mating may result from multiple behavioral mechanisms, including female mate preferences, male mate preferences, and male–male competition; yet their relative contributions are rarely evaluated. Here, we explored the role of mate preferences and male competitive ability as potential barriers to gene flow between 2 divergent lineages of the tawny dragon lizard, Ctenophorus decresii, which differ in male throat coloration. We found stronger behavioral barriers to pairings between southern lineage males and northern lineage females than between northern males and southern females, indicating incomplete and asymmetric behavioral isolating barriers. These results were driven by both male and female mate preferences rather than lineage differences in male competitive ability. Intrasexual selection is therefore unlikely to drive the outcome of secondary contact in C. decresii, despite its widely acknowledged importance in lizards. Our results are consistent with the emerging view that although both male and female mate preferences can diverge alongside sexual signals, speciation is rarely driven by divergent sexual selection alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A McLean
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Richard A Bartle
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Caroline M Dong
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.,Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Katrina J Rankin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
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34
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Moser FN, Wilson AB. Reproductive isolation following hybrid speciation in Mediterranean pipefish (Syngnathus spp.). Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Chin TA, Cáceres CE, Cristescu ME. The evolution of reproductive isolation in Daphnia. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:216. [PMID: 31775606 PMCID: PMC6880586 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process by which populations evolve to become new species involves the emergence of various reproductive isolating barriers (RIB). Despite major advancements in understanding this complex process, very little is known about the order in which RIBs evolve or their relative contribution to the total restriction of gene flow during various stages of speciation. This is mainly due to the difficulties of studying reproductive isolation during the early stages of species formation. This study examines ecological and non-ecological RIB within and between Daphnia pulex and Daphnia pulicaria, two recently diverged species that inhabit distinct habitats and exhibit an unusual level of intraspecific genetic subdivision. RESULTS We find that while ecological prezygotic barriers are close to completion, none of the non-ecological barriers can restrict gene flow between D. pulex and D. pulicaria completely when acting alone. Surprisingly, we also identified high levels of postzygotic reproductive isolation in 'conspecific' interpopulation crosses of D. pulex. CONCLUSIONS While the ecological prezygotic barriers are prevalent during the mature stages of speciation, non-ecological barriers likely dominated the early stages of speciation. This finding indicates the importance of studying the very early stages of speciation and suggests the contribution of postzygotic isolation in initiating the process of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Chin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Carla E Cáceres
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Melania E Cristescu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
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36
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Coates BS, Kozak GM, Seok Kim K, Sun J, Wang Y, Fleischer SJ, Dopman EB, Sappington TW. Influence of host plant, geography and pheromone strain on genomic differentiation in sympatric populations of Ostrinia nubilalis. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4439-4452. [PMID: 31495004 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of mating for the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moth depend in part on variation in sex-pheromone blend. The ratio of (E)-11- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11- and Z11-14:OAc) in the pheromone blend that females produce and males respond to differs between strains of O. nubilalis. Populations also vary in female oviposition preference for and larval performance on maize (C4) and nonmaize (C3) host plants. The relative contributions of sexual and ecological trait variation to the genetic structure of O. nubilalis remains unknown. Host-plant use (13 C/14 C ratios) and genetic differentiation were estimated among sympatric E and Z pheromone strain O. nubilalis males collected in sex-pheromone baited traps at 12 locations in Pennsylvania and New York between 2007 and 2010. Among genotypes at 65 single nucleotide polymorphism marker loci, variance at a position in the pheromone gland fatty acyl-reductase (pgfar) gene at the locus responsible for determining female pheromone ratio (Pher) explained 64% of the total genetic differentiation between males attracted to different pheromones (male response, Resp), providing evidence of sexual inter-selection at these unlinked loci. Principal coordinate, Bayesian clustering, and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) demonstrate that host plant history or geography does not significantly contribute to population variation or differentiation among males. In contrast, these analyses indicate that pheromone response and pgfar-defined strain contribute significantly to population genetic differentiation. This study suggests that behavioural divergence probably plays a larger role in driving genetic variation compared to host plant-defined ecological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Coates
- Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Seok Kim
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yangzhou Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | | | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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37
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Hood GR, Zhang L, Hu EG, Ott JR, Egan SP. Cascading reproductive isolation: Plant phenology drives temporal isolation among populations of a host‐specific herbivore. Evolution 2019; 73:554-568. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Hood
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
- Department of Biological SciencesWayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Linyi Zhang
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
| | - Elaine G. Hu
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
| | - James R. Ott
- Population and Conservation Biology ProgramDepartment of BiologyTexas State University San Marcos Texas 78666
| | - Scott P. Egan
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
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38
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Hohenlohe PA, Magalhaes IS. The Population Genomics of Parallel Adaptation: Lessons from Threespine Stickleback. POPULATION GENOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/13836_2019_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Karrenberg S, Liu X, Hallander E, Favre A, Herforth-Rahmé J, Widmer A. Ecological divergence plays an important role in strong but complex reproductive isolation in campions (Silene). Evolution 2018; 73:245-261. [PMID: 30499144 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New species arise through the evolution of reproductive barriers between formerly interbreeding lineages. Yet, comprehensive assessments of potential reproductive barriers, which are needed to make inferences on processes driving speciation, are only available for a limited number of systems. In this study, we estimated individual and cumulative strengths of seven prezygotic and six postzygotic reproductive barriers between the recently diverged taxa Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. and S. latifolia Poiret using both published and new data. A combination of multiple partial reproductive barriers resulted in near-complete reproductive isolation between S. dioica and S. latifolia, consistent with earlier estimates of gene flow between the taxa. Extrinsic barriers associated with adaptive ecological divergence were most important, while intrinsic postzygotic barriers had moderate individual strength but contributed only little to total reproductive isolation. These findings are in line with ecological divergence as driver of speciation. We further found extensive variation in extrinsic reproductive isolation, ranging from sites with very strong selection against migrants and hybrids to intermediate sites where substantial hybridization is possible. This situation may allow for, or even promote, heterogeneous genetic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Karrenberg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Hallander
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.,Current Address: Swedish Board of Agriculture, Vallgatan 8, 551 82, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Adrien Favre
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Higher Plants, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, 60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joelle Herforth-Rahmé
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,Current Address: Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Department of Soil Sciences, Ackerstrasse 113, Box 219, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Alex Widmer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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40
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Peccoud J, Pleydell DRJ, Sauvion N. A framework for estimating the effects of sequential reproductive barriers: Implementation using Bayesian models with field data from cryptic species. Evolution 2018; 72:2503-2512. [PMID: 30194777 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Determining how reproductive barriers modulate gene flow between populations represents a major step toward understanding the factors shaping the course of speciation. Although many indices quantifying reproductive isolation (RI) have been proposed, they do not permit the quantification of cross-direction-specific RI under varying species frequencies and over arbitrary sequences of barriers. Furthermore, techniques quantifying associated uncertainties are lacking, and statistical methods unrelated to biological process are still preferred for obtaining confidence intervals and P-values. To address these shortcomings, we provide new RI indices that model changes in gene flow for both directions of hybridization, and we implement them in a Bayesian model. We use this model to quantify RI between two species of the psyllid Cacopsylla pruni based on field genotypic data for mating individuals, inseminated spermatophores and progeny. The results showed that preinsemination isolation was strong, mildly asymmetric, and indistinguishably different between study sites despite large differences in species frequencies; that postinsemination isolation strongly affected the more common hybrid type; and that cumulative isolation was close to complete. In the light of these results, we discuss how these developments can strengthen comparative RI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Peccoud
- BGPI, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Current Address: Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR 7267 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - David R J Pleydell
- BGPI, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Current Address: UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Écosystèmes, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Sauvion
- BGPI, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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41
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Garlovsky MD, Snook RR. Persistent postmating, prezygotic reproductive isolation between populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9062-9073. [PMID: 30271566 PMCID: PMC6157668 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying reproductive barriers between populations of the same species is critical to understand how speciation may proceed. Growing evidence suggests postmating, prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers play an important role in the evolution of early taxonomic divergence. However, the contribution of PMPZ isolation to speciation is typically studied between species in which barriers that maintain isolation may not be those that contributed to reduced gene flow between populations. Moreover, in internally fertilizing animals, PMPZ isolation is related to male ejaculate-female reproductive tract incompatibilities but few studies have examined how mating history of the sexes can affect the strength of PMPZ isolation and the extent to which PMPZ isolation is repeatable or restricted to particular interacting genotypes. We addressed these outstanding questions using multiple populations of Drosophila montana. We show a recurrent pattern of PMPZ isolation, with flies from one population exhibiting reproductive incompatibility in crosses with all three other populations, while those three populations were fully fertile with each other. Reproductive incompatibility is due to lack of fertilization and is asymmetrical, affecting female fitness more than males. There was no effect of male or female mating history on reproductive incompatibility, indicating that PMPZ isolation persists between populations. We found no evidence of variability in fertilization outcomes attributable to different female × male genotype interactions, and in combination with our other results, suggests that PMPZ isolation is not driven by idiosyncratic genotype × genotype interactions. Our results show PMPZ isolation as a strong, consistent barrier to gene flow early during speciation and suggest several targets of selection known to affect ejaculate-female reproductive tract interactions within species that may cause this PMPZ isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhonda R. Snook
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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42
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Quantification of Reproductive Isolating Barriers Between Two Naturally Hybridizing Killifish Species. Evol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-018-9460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Rice AM, McQuillan MA. Maladaptive learning and memory in hybrids as a reproductive isolating barrier. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20180542. [PMID: 29848649 PMCID: PMC5998094 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection against hybrid offspring, or postzygotic reproductive isolation, maintains species boundaries in the face of gene flow from hybridization. In this review, we propose that maladaptive learning and memory in hybrids is an important, but overlooked form of postzygotic reproductive isolation. Although a role for learning in premating isolation has been supported, whether learning deficiencies can contribute to postzygotic isolation has rarely been tested. We argue that the novel genetic combinations created by hybridization have the potential to impact learning and memory abilities through multiple possible mechanisms, and that any displacement from optima in these traits is likely to have fitness consequences. We review evidence supporting the potential for hybridization to affect learning and memory, and evidence of links between learning abilities and fitness. Finally, we suggest several avenues for future research. Given the importance of learning for fitness, especially in novel and unpredictable environments, maladaptive learning and memory in hybrids may be an increasingly important source of postzygotic reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Michael A McQuillan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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44
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Zimmer C, Riesch R, Jourdan J, Bierbach D, Arias-Rodriguez L, Plath M. Female Choice Undermines the Emergence of Strong Sexual Isolation between Locally Adapted Populations of Atlantic Mollies ( Poecilia mexicana). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E232. [PMID: 29724050 PMCID: PMC5977172 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergent selection between ecologically dissimilar habitats promotes local adaptation, which can lead to reproductive isolation (RI). Populations in the Poecilia mexicana species complex have independently adapted to toxic hydrogen sulfide and show varying degrees of RI. Here, we examined the variation in the mate choice component of prezygotic RI. Mate choice tests across drainages (with stimulus males from another drainage) suggest that specific features of the males coupled with a general female preference for yellow color patterns explain the observed variation. Analyses of male body coloration identified the intensity of yellow fin coloration as a strong candidate to explain this pattern, and common-garden rearing suggested heritable population differences. Male sexual ornamentation apparently evolved differently across sulfide-adapted populations, for example because of differences in natural counterselection via predation. The ubiquitous preference for yellow color ornaments in poeciliid females likely undermines the emergence of strong RI, as female discrimination in favor of own males becomes weaker when yellow fin coloration in the respective sulfide ecotype increases. Our study illustrates the complexity of the (partly non-parallel) pathways to divergence among replicated ecological gradients. We suggest that future work should identify the genomic loci involved in the pattern reported here, making use of the increasing genomic and transcriptomic datasets available for our study system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zimmer
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany.
| | - David Bierbach
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lenin Arias-Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), 86150 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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45
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Ravinet M, Yoshida K, Shigenobu S, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Kitano J. The genomic landscape at a late stage of stickleback speciation: High genomic divergence interspersed by small localized regions of introgression. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007358. [PMID: 29791436 PMCID: PMC5988309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Speciation is a continuous process and analysis of species pairs at different stages of divergence provides insight into how it unfolds. Previous genomic studies on young species pairs have revealed peaks of divergence and heterogeneous genomic differentiation. Yet less known is how localised peaks of differentiation progress to genome-wide divergence during the later stages of speciation in the presence of persistent gene flow. Spanning the speciation continuum, stickleback species pairs are ideal for investigating how genomic divergence builds up during speciation. However, attention has largely focused on young postglacial species pairs, with little knowledge of the genomic signatures of divergence and introgression in older stickleback systems. The Japanese stickleback species pair, composed of the Pacific Ocean three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the Japan Sea stickleback (G. nipponicus), which co-occur in the Japanese islands, is at a late stage of speciation. Divergence likely started well before the end of the last glacial period and crosses between Japan Sea females and Pacific Ocean males result in hybrid male sterility. Here we use coalescent analyses and Approximate Bayesian Computation to show that the two species split approximately 0.68-1 million years ago but that they have continued to exchange genes at a low rate throughout divergence. Population genomic data revealed that, despite gene flow, a high level of genomic differentiation is maintained across the majority of the genome. However, we identified multiple, small regions of introgression, occurring mainly in areas of low recombination rate. Our results demonstrate that a high level of genome-wide divergence can establish in the face of persistent introgression and that gene flow can be localized to small genomic regions at the later stages of speciation with gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ravinet
- Division of Ecological Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kohta Yoshida
- Division of Ecological Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Kitano
- Division of Ecological Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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46
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Menon M, Bagley JC, Friedline CJ, Whipple AV, Schoettle AW, Leal‐Sàenz A, Wehenkel C, Molina‐Freaner F, Flores‐Rentería L, Gonzalez‐Elizondo MS, Sniezko RA, Cushman SA, Waring KM, Eckert AJ. The role of hybridization during ecological divergence of southwestern white pine (
Pinus strobiformis
) and limber pine (
P. flexilis
). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1245-1260. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Menon
- Integrative Life Sciences Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Justin C. Bagley
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade de Brasília Brasília DF Brazil
| | | | - Amy V. Whipple
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam Powel Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Anna W. Schoettle
- Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Ft. Collins CO USA
| | - Alejandro Leal‐Sàenz
- Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Durango Mexico
| | - Christian Wehenkel
- Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango Durango Mexico
| | - Francisco Molina‐Freaner
- Institutos de Geologia y Ecologia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Estación Regional del Noroeste Hermosillo Sonora Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Samuel A. Cushman
- Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Flagstaff AZ USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Eckert
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
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47
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Sirkiä PM, McFarlane SE, Jones W, Wheatcroft D, Ålund M, Rybinski J, Qvarnström A. Climate‐driven build‐up of temporal isolation within a recently formed avian hybrid zone. Evolution 2018; 72:363-374. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi M. Sirkiä
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology UnitUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Eryn McFarlane
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - William Jones
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - David Wheatcroft
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Murielle Ålund
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jakub Rybinski
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anna Qvarnström
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
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48
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Garzón‐Orduña IJ, Brower AVZ. Quantified reproductive isolation in Heliconius butterflies: Implications for introgression and hybrid speciation. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1186-1195. [PMID: 29375789 PMCID: PMC5773317 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heliconius butterflies have become a model for the study of speciation with gene flow. For adaptive introgression to take place, there must be incomplete barriers to gene exchange that allow interspecific hybridization and multiple generations of backcrossing. The recent publication of estimates of individual components of reproductive isolation between several species of butterflies in the Heliconius melpomene-H. cydno clade allowed us to calculate total reproductive isolation estimates for these species. According to these estimates, the butterflies are not as promiscuous as has been implied. Differences between species are maintained by intrinsic mechanisms, while reproductive isolation of geographical races within species is mainly due to allopatry. We discuss the implications of this strong isolation for basic aspects of the hybrid speciation with introgression hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne J. Garzón‐Orduña
- Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of BiologyMiddle Tennessee State UniversityMurfreesboroTNUSA
| | - Andrew V. Z. Brower
- Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of BiologyMiddle Tennessee State UniversityMurfreesboroTNUSA
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49
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Servedio MR, Boughman JW. The Role of Sexual Selection in Local Adaptation and Speciation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection plays several intricate and complex roles in the related processes of local adaptation and speciation. In some cases sexual selection can promote these processes, but in others it can be inhibitory. We present theoretical and empirical evidence supporting these dual effects of sexual selection during local adaptation, allopatric speciation, and speciation with gene flow. Much of the empirical evidence for sexual selection promoting speciation is suggestive rather than conclusive; we present what would constitute strong evidence for sexual selection driving speciation. We conclude that although there is ample evidence that sexual selection contributes to the speciation process, it is very likely to do so only in concert with natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Servedio
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | - Janette W. Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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50
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Kaufmann J, Lenz TL, Kalbe M, Milinski M, Eizaguirre C. A field reciprocal transplant experiment reveals asymmetric costs of migration between lake and river ecotypes of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus
). J Evol Biol 2017; 30:938-950. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kaufmann
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology; Plön Germany
- DEE; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - T. L. Lenz
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology; Plön Germany
| | - M. Kalbe
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology; Plön Germany
| | - M. Milinski
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology; Plön Germany
| | - C. Eizaguirre
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research; Kiel Germany
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
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