1
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Cho WC, Li W, Gu J, Wang WL, Ning J, Sfamenos S, Gill P, Nagarajan P, Curry JL, Lazar AJ, Prieto VG, Torres-Cabala CA, Aung PP. Telomerase reverse transcriptase immunohistochemical expression is sensitive but not specific for TERT gene amplification in acral melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:845-851. [PMID: 37400233 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TERT gene amplification (TGA) is a mechanism of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) upregulation frequently utilized by acral melanomas (AMs). Currently, the utility of TERT immunohistochemistry (IHC) to predict TGA status in AMs is poorly documented. METHODS AMs (26 primary and 3 metastatic) and non-acral cutaneous melanomas (6 primary) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using anti-TERT antibody to demonstrate protein expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to assess genomic copy number alteration. The relationship between TERT immunoreactivity and TGA confirmed by FISH was assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS TERT expression was seen in 50% (13/26) of primary and 100% (3/3) of metastatic AMs and 50% (3/6) of primary non-acral cutaneous melanomas. TGA was found in 15% (4/26) and 67% (2/3) of primary and metastatic AMs and 17% (1/6) of non-acral cutaneous melanomas. The intensity of TERT immunoreactivity correlated with TGA (p = 0.04) and a higher TERT copy number-to-control ratio in AMs, with a correlation coefficient of 0.41 (p = 0.03). The sensitivity and specificity of TERT immunoreactivity for predicting TGA in AMs were 100% and 57%, with corresponding positive and negative predictive values of 38% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The clinical utility of TERT IHC to predict TGA status in AMs appears to be limited given its low specificity and positive predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Cheal Cho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Gu
- Cytogenetics Training Laboratory, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven Sfamenos
- Cytogenetics Training Laboratory, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pavandeep Gill
- Department of Pathology, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Wang M, Banik I, Shain AH, Yeh I, Bastian BC. Integrated genomic analyses of acral and mucosal melanomas nominate novel driver genes. Genome Med 2022; 14:65. [PMID: 35706047 PMCID: PMC9202124 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acral and mucosal melanomas are aggressive subtypes of melanoma, which have a significantly lower burden of somatic mutations than cutaneous melanomas, but more frequent copy number variations, focused gene amplifications, and structural alterations. The landscapes of their genomic alterations remain to be fully characterized. METHODS We compiled sequencing data of 240 human acral and mucosal melanoma samples from 11 previously published studies and applied a uniform pipeline to call tumor cell content, ploidy, somatic and germline mutations, as well as CNVs, LOH, and SVs. We identified genes that are significantly mutated or recurrently affected by CNVs and implicated in oncogenesis. We further examined the difference in the frequency of recurrent pathogenic alterations between the two melanoma subtypes, correlation between pathogenic alterations, and their association with clinical features. RESULTS We nominated PTPRJ, mutated and homozygously deleted in 3.8% (9/240) and 0.8% (2/240) of samples, respectively, as a probable tumor suppressor gene, and FER and SKP2, amplified in 3.8% and 11.7% of samples, respectively, as probable oncogenes. We further identified a long tail of infrequent pathogenic alterations, involving genes such as CIC and LZTR1. Pathogenic germline mutations were observed on MITF, PTEN, ATM, and PRKN. We found BRAF V600E mutations in acral melanomas with fewer structural variations, suggesting that they are distinct and related to cutaneous melanomas. Amplifications of PAK1 and GAB2 were more commonly observed in acral melanomas, whereas SF3B1 R625 codon mutations were unique to mucosal melanomas (12.9%). Amplifications at 11q13-14 were frequently accompanied by fusion to a region on chromosome 6q12, revealing a recurrent novel structural rearrangement whose role remains to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis expands the catalog of driver mutations in acral and mucosal melanomas, sheds new light on their pathogenesis and broadens the catalog of therapeutic targets for these difficult-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ishani Banik
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Hunter Shain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Broit N, Johansson PA, Rodgers CB, Walpole S, Hayward NK, Pritchard AL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of genomic alterations in acral melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:369-386. [PMID: 35229492 PMCID: PMC9540316 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) tumors arise on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, and nailbeds. A comprehensive systematic meta-analysis of AM genomic aberrations has not been conducted to date. A literature review was carried out to identify studies sequencing AM. Whole-genome/exome data from 181 samples were identified. Targeted panel sequencing data from MSK-IMPACT were included as a validation cohort (n = 92), and studies using targeted hot spot sequencing were also collated for BRAF (n = 26 studies), NRAS (n = 21), and KIT (n = 32). Statistical analysis indicated BRAF, NRAS, PTEN, TYRP1, and KIT as significantly mutated genes. Frequent copy-number aberrations were also found for important cancer genes, such as CDKN2A, KIT, MDM2, CCND1, CDK4, and PAK1, among others. Mapping genomic alterations within the context of the hallmarks of cancer identified four components frequently altered, including (i) sustained proliferative signaling and (ii) evading growth suppression, (iii) genome instability and mutation, and (iv) enabling replicative immortality. This analysis provides the largest analysis of genomic aberrations in AM in the literature to date and highlights pathways that may be therapeutically targetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Broit
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter A. Johansson
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Chloe B. Rodgers
- Genetics and Immunology GroupUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsInvernessUK
| | - Sebastian T. Walpole
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nicholas K. Hayward
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Antonia L. Pritchard
- Oncogenomics GroupQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Genetics and Immunology GroupUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsInvernessUK
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4
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Farshidfar F, Rhrissorrakrai K, Levovitz C, Peng C, Knight J, Bacchiocchi A, Su J, Yin M, Sznol M, Ariyan S, Clune J, Olino K, Parida L, Nikolaus J, Zhang M, Zhao S, Wang Y, Huang G, Wan M, Li X, Cao J, Yan Q, Chen X, Newman AM, Halaban R. Integrative molecular and clinical profiling of acral melanoma links focal amplification of 22q11.21 to metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:898. [PMID: 35197475 PMCID: PMC8866401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma, the most common melanoma subtype among non-White individuals, is associated with poor prognosis. However, its key molecular drivers remain obscure. Here, we perform integrative genomic and clinical profiling of acral melanomas from 104 patients treated in North America (n = 37) or China (n = 67). We find that recurrent, late-arising focal amplifications of cytoband 22q11.21 are a leading determinant of inferior survival, strongly associated with metastasis, and linked to downregulation of immunomodulatory genes associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade. Unexpectedly, LZTR1 - a known tumor suppressor in other cancers - is a key candidate oncogene in this cytoband. Silencing of LZTR1 in melanoma cell lines causes apoptotic cell death independent of major hotspot mutations or melanoma subtypes. Conversely, overexpression of LZTR1 in normal human melanocytes initiates processes associated with metastasis, including anchorage-independent growth, formation of spheroids, and an increase in MAPK and SRC activities. Our results provide insights into the etiology of acral melanoma and implicate LZTR1 as a key tumor promoter and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Farshidfar
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Cong Peng
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - James Knight
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - Juan Su
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Sznol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephan Ariyan
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Clune
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Olino
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Joerg Nikolaus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miaojian Wan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Aaron M Newman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Cheraghlou S, Ugwu N, Girardi M. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Positivity in Patients With Acral Lentiginous and Other Subtypes of Cutaneous Melanoma. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:51-58. [PMID: 34878492 PMCID: PMC8655663 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare subtype of malignant melanoma typically occurring on the palmar and plantar surfaces. Although it has distinctive genetic, prognostic, and behavioral characteristics relative to cutaneous melanomas overall, owing to its rarity, treatment is largely guided by data extrapolated from more common subtypes. Although sentinel lymph node (SLN) status has been shown to be a significant prognostic factor for ALM, the independent effect of ALM-subtype disease on the likelihood of SLN positivity and the stage-specific positivity rates for ALM are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of ALM with SLN status as well as to characterize the clinical stage-specific rates of SLN positivity for ALM based on the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th edition (AJCC-8). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) includes all reportable cases from Commission on Cancer accredited facilities and represents approximately 50% of all newly diagnosed melanoma cases in the US. This retrospective cohort study included cases of AJCC-8 clinical stage I to II melanomas from the NCDB diagnosed from 2012 to 2015. The analysis took place between April 2021 and September 2021. EXPOSURES Melanoma histopathologic subtype. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sentinel lymph node status. RESULTS We identified 60 148 patients with malignant melanomas, 959 of whom had ALM-subtype disease. Among patients in the cohort, 25 550 (42.5%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 64 (16) years. Multivariable logistic regression controlling for demographic and histopathologic characteristics revealed that ALM was independently associated with the highest risk for SLN positivity among included subtypes (vs superficial spreading melanoma: odds ratio, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.59-2.28). Subgroup analysis by AJCC clinical stage demonstrated that ALM was independently associated with the highest risk for SLN positivity for both stage IB and II disease. The rate of SLN positivity for patients with stage IB and II ALM was 18.39% (95% CI, 13.82%-24.03%) and 39.53% (34.98%-44.26%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study ALM was independently associated with SLN positivity and had relatively high positivity rates at clinical stage IB and II. This suggests that SLNB should be encouraged for all patients with clinical stage IB and II ALM, and such patients should receive appropriate counseling about the higher regional metastatic risk of their cancers. Future work with a larger cohort is required to elucidate the risk of SLN positivity for stage IA ALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Cheraghlou
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Nelson Ugwu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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6
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Potrony M, Haddad TS, Tell-Martí G, Gimenez-Xavier P, Leon C, Pevida M, Mateu J, Badenas C, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Aguilera P, Llames S, Escámez MJ, Puig-Butillé JA, Del Río M, Puig S. DNA Repair and Immune Response Pathways Are Deregulated in Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Co-cultures Derived From the Healthy Skin of Familial Melanoma Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:692341. [PMID: 34660619 PMCID: PMC8517393 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.692341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial melanoma accounts for 10% of cases, being CDKN2A the main high-risk gene. However, the mechanisms underlying melanomagenesis in these cases remain poorly understood. Our aim was to analyze the transcriptome of melanocyte-keratinocyte co-cultures derived from healthy skin from familial melanoma patients vs. controls, to unveil pathways involved in melanoma development in at-risk individuals. Accordingly, primary melanocyte-keratinocyte co-cultures were established from the healthy skin biopsies of 16 unrelated familial melanoma patients (8 CDKN2A mutant, 8 CDKN2A wild-type) and 7 healthy controls. Whole transcriptome was captured using the SurePrint G3 Human Microarray. Transcriptome analyses included: differential gene expression, functional enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We identified a gene profile associated with familial melanoma independently of CDKN2A germline status. Functional enrichment analysis of this profile showed a downregulation of pathways related to DNA repair and immune response in familial melanoma (P < 0.05). In addition, the PPI network analysis revealed a network that consisted of double-stranded DNA repair genes (including BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, and FANCA), immune response genes, and regulation of chromosome segregation. The hub gene was BRCA1. In conclusion, the constitutive deregulation of BRCA1 pathway genes and the immune response in healthy skin could be a mechanism related to melanoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Potrony
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tariq Sami Haddad
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Tell-Martí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Gimenez-Xavier
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Leon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Cátedra de Medicina Regenerativa y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pevida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fdez-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Judit Mateu
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Llames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra de Medicina Regenerativa y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fdez-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria José Escámez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Cátedra de Medicina Regenerativa y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Mediambientales y Tecnonlógicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan A Puig-Butillé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Core, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Del Río
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Cátedra de Medicina Regenerativa y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Mediambientales y Tecnonlógicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Cho WC, Wang WL, Milton DR, Ingram DR, Nagarajan P, Curry JL, Ivan D, Lazar AJ, Hwu WJ, Prieto VG, Torres-Cabala CA, Aung PP. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein Expression Is More Frequent in Acral Lentiginous Melanoma Than in Other Types of Cutaneous Melanoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:842-850. [PMID: 33053175 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0330-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Molecularly distinct from cutaneous melanomas arising from sun-exposed sites, acral lentiginous melanomas (ALMs) typically lack ultraviolet-signature mutations, such as telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations. Instead, ALMs show a high degree of copy number alterations, often with multiple amplifications of TERT, which are associated with adverse prognosis. The prognostic value of TERT protein expression in acral melanomas, however, is not established. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate the frequency and pattern of TERT immunoreactivity and assess the potential utility of TERT expression as a prognostic indicator in ALMs. DESIGN.— TERT expression by immunohistochemistry was analyzed in a series of 57 acral and nonacral melanocytic lesions, including 24 primary and 6 metastatic ALMs. Clinical outcome in patients with ALMs by TERT expression was assessed. RESULTS.— TERT expression was more frequent in ALMs than in nonlentiginous acral melanomas and nonacral cutaneous melanomas, and was absent in acral nevi (P = .01). When present, TERT expression in ALMs was cytoplasmic and more intense than TERT expression in other melanocytic lesions (P = .05) with a higher H-score (P = .01). There was a trend toward decreased overall survival in patients with ALMs with TERT immunoreactivity, but it did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, no correlation was found between TERT expression and disease-specific survival in patients with ALMs. CONCLUSIONS.— Although TERT protein expression was frequently detected in both primary and metastatic ALMs, TERT immunoreactivity in ALMs did not correlate with survival in our study. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to elucidate the prognostic value of TERT expression in ALMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Cheal Cho
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Translational Molecular Pathology (Wang, Ingram, Lazar), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Denái R Milton
- Biostatistics (Milton), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Davis R Ingram
- Translational Molecular Pathology (Wang, Ingram, Lazar), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Doina Ivan
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Translational Molecular Pathology (Wang, Ingram, Lazar), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Melanoma Medical Oncology (Lazar), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Torres-Cabala and Aung contributed equally to this work
| | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- Genomic Medicine (Hwu), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Victor G Prieto
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Dermatology (Curry, Ivan, Prieto, Torres-Cabala), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Dermatology (Curry, Ivan, Prieto, Torres-Cabala), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Phyu P Aung
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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8
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Ramani NS, Aung PP, Gu J, Sfamenos S, Sdringola-Maranga C, Nagarajan P, Tetzlaff MT, Curry JL, Ivan D, Diab A, Prieto VG, Hwu WJ, Torres-Cabala CA. TERT amplification but not activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in acral lentiginous melanoma progression to metastasis. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:2067-2074. [PMID: 32404956 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare tumor that occurs on non-sun exposed skin areas of the hands and feet. Reports suggest that ALM exhibits poor prognosis, although mechanisms driving this remain poorly understood. Alterations in TERT and the Wnt/β-catenin (Wnt) pathway have been suggested to correlate with prognosis of ALM. Thus, immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin and LEF1 along with TERT amplification by FISH was investigated in 34 primary ALMs, 20 metastatic ALMs, 10 primary non-ALMs, and 15 acral nevi. Foot/toe was the most common primary tumor location (85%) for ALM. TERT amplification was detected in 6 of 28 (21.4%) primary ALM, 2 of 8 (25%) primary non-ALM, and 8 of 18 (44.4%) metastatic ALM, the latter showing significantly higher frequency compared with primary melanomas (P = 0.043). Most metastatic ALMs positive for TERT amplification lacked BRAF V600E (87.5%). Cytoplasmic and nonnuclear expression of β-catenin was variably detected in all cases. Metastatic ALM revealed lower expression of β-catenin compared with primary ALM (P = 0.017). No differences in LEF1 expression were detected among the groups; however, acral nevi showed decreased labeling with dermal descent, in contrast to melanoma. No molecular-genetic alteration correlated with prognosis. TERT amplification by FISH is a frequent finding in primary ALM and appears to increase in metastatic tumors, suggesting a role in tumor progression to metastasis. Although TERT amplification has been reported to be infrequent in primary non-ALM, it showed comparable frequency with ALM in our series. Our immunohistochemical findings are not fully supportive of activation of either canonical or noncanonical Wnt cascades in ALM. TERT amplification by FISH and LEF1 immunohistochemistry may help in the differential diagnosis between primary ALM and acral nevus. TERT amplification appears to be a promising target for therapy in patients with metastatic ALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha S Ramani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Gu
- Cytogenetics Training Laboratory, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Sfamenos
- Cytogenetics Training Laboratory, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chiara Sdringola-Maranga
- Cytogenetics Training Laboratory, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyardhisini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Translational Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Doina Ivan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Pathology-based Biomarkers Useful for Clinical Decisions in Melanoma. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:827-838. [PMID: 32950263 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic recent advances in therapy of melanoma require a more personalized and precise diagnostic approach to aid in clinical decisions. Tissue-based biomarkers in pathology have diagnostic, prognostic and predictive relevance. Herein we review the most commonly used pathology-based biomarkers in melanoma. Most of these biomarkers are evaluated through immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE), and are widely available in clinical pathology laboratories. We describe the utility of MART1/Ki67, p16, PRAME, markers of lymphovascular invasion (D2-40, CD31, D2-40/MITF, CD31/SOX-10), BRAF V600E, NRAS, KIT, BAP1, ALK, NTRK, PD-L1, TERT, PTEN, iNOS, and MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) in the evaluation of melanoma specimens. Correct interpretation and awareness of the significance of these biomarkers is crucial for pathologists, dermatologists, and oncologists who take care of melanoma patients.
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10
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Motaparthi K, Kim J, Andea AA, Missall TA, Novoa RA, Vidal CI, Fung MA, Emanuel PO. TERT and TERT promoter in melanocytic neoplasms: Current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:710-719. [PMID: 32202662 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Located on chromosome locus 5p15.33, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT or hTERT) encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase which permits lengthening and preservation of telomeres following mitosis. Mutations in TERT promoter (TERT-p) upregulate expression of TERT, allowing survival of malignant cells and tumor progression in wide variety of malignancies including melanoma. The objective of this review is to examine the roles of TERT and TERT-p in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognostication of cutaneous melanoma. METHODS All studies of TERT or TERT-p in cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms with the following inclusion criteria were reviewed: publication date between 2010 and 2019, English language, and series of ≥3 cases were reviewed for evidence supporting the role of TERT in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Studies with <3 cases or focused primarily on mucosal or uveal melanocytic tumors were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION TERT-p mutations are frequent in chronic and non-chronic sun damage melanoma and correlate with adverse prognosis, inform pathogenesis, and may provide diagnostic support. While TERT-p mutations are uncommon in acral melanoma, TERT copy number gains and gene amplification predict reduced survival. Among atypical spitzoid neoplasms, TERT-p mutations identify biologically aggressive tumors and support the diagnosis of spitzoid melanoma. TERT-p methylation may have prognostic value in pediatric conventional melanoma and drive tumorigenesis in melanoma arising within congenital nevi. Finally, TERT-p mutations may aid in the differentiation of recurrent nevi from recurrent melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Motaparthi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jinah Kim
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, California
| | - Aleodor A Andea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tricia A Missall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Roberto A Novoa
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Claudia I Vidal
- Dermatology Center of Southern Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Maxwell A Fung
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Patrick O Emanuel
- Laboratorio Recavarren Emanuel, Clínica Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru
- IGENZ Molecular Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Dika E, Veronesi G, Altimari A, Riefolo M, Ravaioli GM, Piraccini BM, Lambertini M, Campione E, Gruppioni E, Fiorentino M, Melotti B, Ferracin M, Patrizi A. BRAF, KIT, and NRAS Mutations of Acral Melanoma in White Patients. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 153:664-671. [PMID: 32017841 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant acral melanoma (AM) is relatively infrequent in white patients. Molecular investigations have returned variable results regarding the mutational pattern. We sought to describe the mutation profile and clinicopathologic features of AM. METHODS We investigated BRAF, KIT, and NRAS mutational status in a series of 31 AM samples from white patients. RESULTS Nodular melanoma was the most common histopathologic subtype (48.4%), followed by acral lentiginous melanoma (25.8%) and superficial spreading melanoma (25.8%). BRAF, KIT, and NRAS mutational rates were 12.9%, 17.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. We observed significant associations between KIT mutational status and a thinner Breslow thickness compared with wild-type (WT) status (P = .002), NRAS mutation status and younger age compared with WT. In patients presenting at least one mutation, triple-WT patients presented metastases most frequently. CONCLUSIONS Although these data represent preliminary results, better knowledge of tumor biology and prognosis of AM can support the clinical approach and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Altimari
- Laboratory of Oncologic and Transplantation Molecular Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Laboratory of Oncologic and Transplantation Molecular Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Ravaioli
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gruppioni
- Laboratory of Oncologic and Transplantation Molecular Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Laboratory of Oncologic and Transplantation Molecular Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Melotti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
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12
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Basurto-Lozada P, Molina-Aguilar C, Castaneda-Garcia C, Vázquez-Cruz ME, Garcia-Salinas OI, Álvarez-Cano A, Martínez-Said H, Roldán-Marín R, Adams DJ, Possik PA, Robles-Espinoza CD. Acral lentiginous melanoma: Basic facts, biological characteristics and research perspectives of an understudied disease. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:59-71. [PMID: 32330367 PMCID: PMC7818404 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acral lentiginous melanoma is a histological subtype of cutaneous melanoma that occurs in the glabrous skin of the palms, soles and the nail unit. Although in some countries, particularly in Latin America, Africa and Asia, it represents the most frequently diagnosed subtype of the disease, it only represents a small proportion of melanoma cases in European‐descent populations, which is partially why it has not been studied to the same extent as other forms of melanoma. As a result, its unique genomic drivers remain comparatively poorly explored, as well as its causes, with current evidence supporting a UV‐independent path to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the aetiology and diagnostic criteria of acral lentiginous melanoma, as well as its epidemiological and histopathological characteristics. We also describe what is known about the genomic landscape of this disease and review the available biological models to explore potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Basurto-Lozada
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Christian Molina-Aguilar
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carolina Castaneda-Garcia
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Martha Estefania Vázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Omar Isaac Garcia-Salinas
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB101SA, UK
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Roldán-Marín
- Dermato-Oncology Clinic, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB101SA, UK
| | - Patricia A Possik
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB101SA, UK
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13
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Translational pathology, genomics and the development of systemic therapies for acral melanoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:149-157. [PMID: 31689494 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acral melanomas arise on the non-hair bearing skin of the palms, soles and in the nail beds. These rare tumors comprise 2-3 % of all melanomas, are not linked to UV-exposure, and represent the most frequent subtype of melanomas in patients of Asian, African and Hispanic origin. Although recent work has revealed candidate molecular events that underlie acral melanoma development, this knowledge is not yet been translated into efficacious local, regional, or systemic therapies. In the current review, we describe the clinical characteristics of acral melanoma and outline the genetic basis of acral melanoma development. Further discussion is given to the current status of systemic therapy for acral melanoma with a focus on ongoing developments in both immunotherapy and targeted therapy for the treatment of advanced disease.
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14
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Calbet-Llopart N, Potrony M, Tell-Martí G, Carrera C, Barreiro A, Aguilera P, Podlipnik S, Puig S, Malvehy J, Puig-Butillé JA. Detection of cell-free circulating BRAF V 600E by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in patients with and without melanoma under dermatological surveillance. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:382-389. [PMID: 31102256 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p.V600E mutation in the BRAF protein is the most frequent mutation in cutaneous melanoma and is a recurrent alteration found in common benign naevi. Analysis of the cell-free BRAF c.1799T>A, p.V600E mutation (cfBRAFV 600E ) in plasma has emerged as a biomarker for monitoring prognosis and treatment response in patients with melanoma. OBJECTIVES To quantify cfBRAFV 600E levels in plasma from patients with melanoma and from patients without melanoma undergoing regular follow-up of their melanocytic lesions, in order to assess the clinical significance of the test. METHODS We quantified cfBRAFV 600E by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in plasma from 146 patients without melanoma undergoing continuous dermatological screening, from 26 stage III and seven stage IV patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma, and from 32 patients with melanoma who were free of disease for 3 or more years. RESULTS Among disease-free patients and individuals without melanoma, 52% presented a high naevus count (> 50) and 49% had clinically atypical naevi. cfBRAFV 600E was detected in 71% of patients with stage IV melanoma and 15% with stage III, and in 1·4% of individuals without melanoma. No cfBRAFV 600E mutation was detected in disease-free patients with melanoma. Individuals without melanoma had lower cfBRAFV 600E levels than patients with melanoma. We established a variant allelic frequency of 0·26% or 5 copies mL-1 of cfBRAFV 600E as the optimal cutoff value for identifying patients with melanoma with > 99% specificity. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that naevus-related factors do not influence the detection of cfBRAFV 600E in individuals without melanoma, and supports the clinical diagnostic value of plasma cfBRAFV 600E quantification in patients with melanoma. What's already known about this topic? The analysis of the BRAF c.1799T>A (p.V600E) mutation in cell-free (cf)DNA has emerged as a potential biomarker for monitoring prognosis and treatment response in patients with metastatic BRAFV600E melanoma. The BRAFV600E alteration is a common genetic alteration found in benign proliferations such as melanocytic naevi. No information exists about the impact of the number of common acquired naevi or the presence of clinically atypical naevi in cfBRAFV600E detection in an individual. What does this study add? The cfBRAFV600E mutation is detected in plasma from a reduced number of individuals without melanoma undergoing continuous dermatological follow-up. A high number of naevi or the presence of clinically atypical naevi are factors that do not influence cfBRAFV600E detection in an individual. Both total cfBRAF concentration and cfBRAFV600E frequency are effective biomarkers in patients with advanced melanoma but not in patients at early stages or with micrometastases. What is the translational message? Detection of cfBRAFV600E in an individual is not influenced by naevus-related factors. cfBRAFV600E is a robust and reliable biomarker that can be used in dermatological surveillance programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Calbet-Llopart
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Potrony
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Tell-Martí
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Carrera
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Barreiro
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Aguilera
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Podlipnik
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Puig-Butillé
- Molecular Biology CORE Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department; Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Méndez-Mathey VE. Metástasis cerebral de melanoma lentiginoso acral. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v67n1.62826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El melanoma lentiginoso acral es un subtipo de melanoma potencialmente agresivo y el tercer tumor primario en producir metástasis cerebral. Debuta con síntomas neurológicos y hemorragia intracerebral en el 50% de los casos y afecta las palmas de las manos, las plantas de los pies y las regiones subungueales. Su pronóstico es pobre en comparación con otras variantes clínicas debido a que estos melanomas son diagnosticados de forma tardía. Representan el 4% de todas las neoplasias malignas de la piel y son responsables del 80% de las muertes.Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 44 años de edad, foto tipo cutáneo tipo IV, que presenta lesión en planta de pie izquierdo, pigmentada y ulcerada, de crecimiento lento con cerca de 2 años de evolución. El sujeto fue sometido a intervención quirúrgica para resección de melanoma lentiginoso acral 1 año atrás e ingresó a emergencias por presentar cuadro neurológico súbito y compromiso de conciencia. Se realizó tomografía axial computarizada cerebral donde se observó tumoración temporoparietal izquierda hiperdensa de 4.1x5cm con edema perilesional y hemorragia. Previa estabilización, el hombre fue referido a un centro hospitalario de mayor nivel para tratamiento microquirúrgico.Conclusiones. Dado que el melanoma metastásico es una enfermedad incurable, el diagnostico precoz y oportuno de lesiones dérmicas accesibles a la inspección para iniciar tratamiento es prioritario para mejorar el pronóstico de esta enfermedad.
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16
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Yu S, Xu T, Dai J, Ma M, Tang H, Chi Z, Si L, Cui C, Sheng X, Kong Y, Guo J. TERT copy gain predicts the outcome of high-dose interferon α-2b therapy in acral melanoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4097-4104. [PMID: 30046245 PMCID: PMC6054280 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s158239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asian populations are more likely to develop acral melanoma (AM) than Caucasians. The high-dose interferon (HD-IFN) α-2b regimen is the main adjuvant treatment for AM. TERT encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase, which plays an important role in melanoma. Frequent TERT mutation and increased TERT gene expression have been described in AM. Our study aimed to investigate the status and the clinical significance of TERT copy number in a large cohort of patients with AM and to analyze the relationship between TERT copy number gain and the efficiency of HD-IFN. Patients and methods A total of 573 melanoma samples were retrospectively collected and analyzed for TERT copy number via Sanger sequencing. Clinical data of patients were also collected. Results TERT copy gain (copy number >2) was detected in 257 of the 573 patients with AM (44.9%). Of the 573 patients, 81 (14.1%) had a high copy gain (copy number >4). Patients with ulceration showed a significantly higher copy gain rate of TERT compared to the patients without ulceration (P=0.028). Patients with a tumor thicker than 4 mm also had a higher copy number rate of TERT than those with <4 mm (P=0.048). Our results showed that the overall survival (OS) was not significantly different between patients with and without TERT copy gain (P=0.890). However, among the 278 patients who received an HD-IFN regimen, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between TERT copy gain and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P=0.008). In addition, multivariate Cox regression assays validated TERT copy gain to be an independent prognostic factor of RFS for patients with AM undergoing HD-IFN therapy (hazard ratio =1.50; P=0.019). Conclusion The copy number status of TERT might be a predictor for HD-IFN efficacy, but it is not a prognostic factor of OS in patients with AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Tianxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Meng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Huan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Chuanliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Xinan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China, ;
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Gaspar TB, Sá A, Lopes JM, Sobrinho-Simões M, Soares P, Vinagre J. Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E241. [PMID: 29751586 PMCID: PMC5977181 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells can adopt telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) to avoid telomere shortening, an inevitable process due to successive cell divisions. In most tumour cells, telomere length (TL) is maintained by reactivation of telomerase, while a small part acquires immortality through the telomerase-independent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. In the last years, a great amount of data was generated, and different TMMs were reported and explained in detail, benefiting from genome-scale studies of major importance. In this review, we address seven different TMMs in tumour cells: mutations of the TERT promoter (TERTp), amplification of the genes TERT and TERC, polymorphic variants of the TERT gene and of its promoter, rearrangements of the TERT gene, epigenetic changes, ALT, and non-defined TMM (NDTMM). We gathered information from over fifty thousand patients reported in 288 papers in the last years. This wide data collection enabled us to portray, by organ/system and histotypes, the prevalence of TERTp mutations, TERT and TERC amplifications, and ALT in human tumours. Based on this information, we discuss the putative future clinical impact of the aforementioned mechanisms on the malignant transformation process in different setups, and provide insights for screening, prognosis, and patient management stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sá
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Soares
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Vinagre
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Yan J, Yu J, Wu X, Xu T, Yu H, Dai J, Ma M, Tang H, Xu L, Chi Z, Si L, Sheng X, Cui C, Kong Y, Guo J. Increased AURKA Gene Copy Number Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Predicts the Efficacy of High-dose Interferon Therapy in Acral Melanoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:1267-1276. [PMID: 29675108 PMCID: PMC5907675 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: AURKA kinase is an essential serine/threonine kinase for mitosis and chromosome stability. The aberrant amplification and overexpression of AURKA are commonly observed in various types of cancer, including cutaneous melanoma. However, the status and the clinical significance of AURKA copy number (CN) in acral melanoma (AM) have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Four hundred and seventy-two AM samples were included in the study. AURKA CN was examined using the QuantiGenePlex DNA Assay. We analysed the relationship of AURKA CN to clinicopathological characteristics and survival of patients with AM. Results: In this study, AURKA copy gain (set as more than 2.0 copies) was detected in 24.6% (116/472) of the samples. We did not observe any obvious correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and AURKA copy gain of the patients. However, patients with AURKA copy gain had a significantly shorter overall survival time (OS) and progression-free survival time (PFS) than those with normal AURKA CN (OS: P = 0.022; PFS: P < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that AURKA copy gain was an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with AM undergoing adjuvant interferon therapy. Conclusions: This study suggested that AURKA copy gain is an adverse prognostic factor for AM. Furthermore, AURKA copy gain may be a useful biomarker to predict the outcome of interferon therapy in patients with AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Yan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiao Xu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Ma
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Longwen Xu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Si
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Sheng
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Cui
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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19
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Ravaioli GM, Dika E, Lambertini M, Chessa MA, Fanti PA, Patrizi A. Acral melanoma: correlating the clinical presentation to the mutational status. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2018. [PMID: 29512974 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.05791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common type of malignant melanoma (MM) in Asians, Afro-Americans and Middle-Easterners. It represents 1.5-10% of all MM cases, being the most common histological type of MM arising on palms, soles and nail apparatus, which is more generically defined as acral MM. To date no risk factors have been officially established, however a history of trauma may be involved in the pathogenesis of acral MM. This shows heterogeneous clinical features and frequently presents with advanced stage and aggressive behavior, often as a result of misdiagnosis or delayed identification. Dermoscopy is helpful for an early diagnosis of ALM: the most characteristic dermoscopic patterns are the parallel ridge and the irregular diffuse pigmentation. On histopathology ALM displays a lentiginous growth pattern, with melanocytes arranged as solitary units along the basilar epidermis, without notable pagetoid growth in the early stage. Not all acral MMs present a lentiginous pattern: superficial spreading melanoma and nodular melanoma patterns are also possible. Novel studies investigating the biologic characteristics of acral MM reported variable results: the overall mutational rates ranged respectively between 8.5% and 23% for KIT, between 3.6% and 33.3% for BRAF and between 3% and 47% for NRAS in ALMs. Increasing attention has been recently given to other genes, such as telomerase reverse transcriptase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alfa and cyclin D1. Larger molecular investigations urge to describe the molecular profile of acral MM, to allow the development of specific targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M Ravaioli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy -
| | - Emi Dika
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco A Chessa
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Alessandro Fanti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Umstead M, Xiong J, Qi Q, Du Y, Fu H. Aurora kinase A interacts with H-Ras and potentiates Ras-MAPK signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28359-28372. [PMID: 28177880 PMCID: PMC5438655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, upregulated Ras promotes cellular transformation and proliferation in part through activation of oncogenic Ras-MAPK signaling. While directly inhibiting Ras has proven challenging, new insights into Ras regulation through protein-protein interactions may offer unique opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Here we report the identification and validation of Aurora kinase A (Aurora A) as a novel Ras binding protein. We demonstrate that the kinase domain of Aurora A mediates the interaction with the N-terminal domain of H-Ras. Further more, the interaction of Aurora A and H-Ras exists in a protein complex with Raf-1. We show that binding of H-Ras to Raf-1 and subsequent MAPK signaling is enhanced by Aurora A, and requires active H-Ras. Thus, the functional linkage between Aurora A and the H-Ras/Raf-1 protein complex may provide a mechanism for Aurora A's oncogenic activity through direct activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaKendra Umstead
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinglin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Desai A, Ugorji R, Khachemoune A. Acral melanoma foot lesions. Part 1: epidemiology, aetiology, and molecular pathology. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:845-848. [PMID: 28940724 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) is a rare subtype of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) found on acral skin, primarily on the soles of the feet. Although rare, it is the most common subtype of MM found in patients of African or East Asian ethnicity and has a poor prognosis, often because of the more advanced stage of presentation at diagnosis. The pathogenesis of AM is unclear, but genetic alterations, including mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT have been implicated. Early diagnosis of AM is important for a better prognosis, but its identification is often challenging, leading to easy misdiagnosis. In the first of this two-part review, we review the history, epidemiology, aetiology and molecular pathology of AM; in part 2 we will review diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Desai
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - R Ugorji
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - A Khachemoune
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Dermatology, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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22
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Melanoma: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Progression, Clonal Evolution and Tumor Initiating Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2017; 5:E28. [PMID: 29156643 PMCID: PMC5753657 DOI: 10.3390/medsci5040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive neoplasia issued from the malignant transformation of melanocytes, the pigment-generating cells of the skin. It is responsible for about 75% of deaths due to skin cancers. Melanoma is a phenotypically and molecularly heterogeneous disease: cutaneous, uveal, acral, and mucosal melanomas have different clinical courses, are associated with different mutational profiles, and possess distinct risk factors. The discovery of the molecular abnormalities underlying melanomas has led to the promising improvement of therapy, and further progress is expected in the near future. The study of melanoma precursor lesions has led to the suggestion that the pathway of tumor evolution implies the progression from benign naevi, to dysplastic naevi, to melanoma in situ and then to invasive and metastatic melanoma. The gene alterations characterizing melanomas tend to accumulate in these precursor lesions in a sequential order. Studies carried out in recent years have, in part, elucidated the great tumorigenic potential of melanoma tumor cells. These findings have led to speculation that the cancer stem cell model cannot be applied to melanoma because, in this malignancy, tumor cells possess an intrinsic plasticity, conferring the capacity to initiate and maintain the neoplastic process to phenotypically different tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Carrera C, Gual A, Díaz A, Puig-Butillé JA, Noguès S, Vilalta A, Conill C, Rull R, Vilana R, Arguis P, Vidal-Sicart S, Alós L, Palou J, Castel T, Malvehy J, Puig S. Prognostic role of the histological subtype of melanoma on the hands and feet in Caucasians. Melanoma Res 2017; 27:315-320. [PMID: 28296711 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) is associated with a poor prognosis in part because of delayed diagnosis, but probably also because of other intrinsic characteristics of location. The aim of this study was to review the specific characteristics and outcome of AM in Caucasians. This was a cross-sectional retrospective clinical-pathological study of 274 patients identified with AM in the database of a referral unit in Europe from 1986 to 2010. The mean age of the patients was 56.6 (SD 17.7) years. 269 cases could be histologically classified and included in the study. In all, 222 (82.5%) were located on feet. According to melanoma subtype, 165 (61.3%) were acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), 84 (31.2%) were superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), and 20 (7.5%) were nodular melanoma (NM). SSM patients were characterized by female predominance (77.4%), younger age, and classic melanoma-risk phenotype (fair skin and multiple nevi). Among the 198 invasive cases with a mean follow-up of 56.2 months, the mean (SD) Breslow's thickness was 3.1 (3.6) mm, being 1.4 (1.4) mm in SSM, 3.5 (4.1) mm in ALM and 4.9 (2.9) mm in NM (P<0.001). Ulceration was present in 33.3%, 2.9% in SSM, 38.6% in ALM, and 76.9% in NM (P<0.001). A total of 29.3% relapsed (7.3% of SSM, 35% of ALM and 55% of NM) and 24.2% died because of AM. In multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis, Breslow, and histopathological subtype were independent prognostic factors for both disease-free and AM-specific survival. The ALM and NM subtypes presented poorer outcome after weighting Breslow and age (P=0.02). Histological subtype of AM could have an impact on biological behavior, ALM and NM subtypes presenting a poorer prognosis after adjusting for age and Breslow's thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carrera
- aMelanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology bMelanoma Unit, Department of Pathology cBiochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) dRadiotherapeutic Oncology Service, Melanoma Unit eGeneral Surgery Service, Melanoma Unit fImaging Diagnostic Center, CDI (Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Services), Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic gBiomedical Research Center for Rare Diseases, CIBERER. Insituto de Salud Carlos III hMedicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Pathway Activations and New Routes to Targeted Therapies in Cutaneous Metastatic Melanoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2017; 39:1-13. [PMID: 28045747 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive genomic profiling of clinical samples by next-generation sequencing (NGS) can identify one or more therapy targets for the treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM) with a single diagnostic test. METHODS NGS was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation-based libraries using DNA extracted from 4 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections cut at 10 microns from 30 MM cases. The exons of 182 cancer-related genes were fully sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 at an average sequencing depth of 1098X and evaluated for genomic alterations (GAs) including point mutations, insertions, deletions, copy number alterations, and select gene fusions/rearrangements. Clinically relevant GAs (CRGAs) were defined as those identifying commercially available targeted therapeutics or therapies in registered clinical trials. RESULTS The 30 American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV MM included 17 (57%) male and 13 (43%) female patients with a mean age of 59.5 years (range 41-83 years). All MM samples had at least 1 GA, and an average of 2.7 GA/sample (range 1-7) was identified. The mean number of GA did not differ based on age or sex; however, on average, significantly more GAs were identified in amelanotic and poorly differentiated MM. GAs were most commonly identified in BRAF (12 cases, 40%), CDKN2A (6 cases, 20%), NF1 (8 cases, 26.7%), and NRAS (6 cases, 20%). CRGAs were identified in all patients, and represented 77% of the GA (64/83) detected. The median and mean CRGAs per tumor were 2 and 2.1, respectively (range 1-7). CONCLUSION Comprehensive genomic profiling of MM, using a single diagnostic test, uncovers an unexpectedly high number of CRGA that would not be identified by standard of care testing. Moreover, NGS has the potential to influence therapy selection and can direct patients to enter relevant clinical trials evaluating promising targeted therapies.
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Sharma G, Lian CG, Lin WM, Amin-Mansour A, Jané-Valbuena J, Garraway L, Bao W, Yoon CH, Ibrahim N. Distinct genetic profiles of extracranial and intracranial acral melanoma metastases. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 43:884-91. [PMID: 27251777 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge of the genetic alterations in acral melanoma metastases at different anatomic sites. Here, we characterized the genetic abnormalities of metastases in a 51-year-old man with stage IIIC heel melanoma who developed concomitant brain and cutaneous metastases in spite of multiple treatment modalities. METHODS Melanoma cells were isolated following palliative resection of the patient's cortical tumor and biopsy of cutaneous thigh metastasis. Mutational analysis using polymerase chain reaction amplification and BLAST, as well as exome sequencing (160 Mb coverage) was performed on the tumors, cell lines generated thereof and normal lymph nodes. RESULTS All specimens had neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog Q61K mutations. There was a 40-fold higher somatic mutation frequency in the brain metastasis compared to the cutaneous metastasis. The former showed truncations of DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1 and MSH2), and non-canonical BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1), PIK3CA and NF-1 mutations not observed in the extracranial lesion. Genomic profiling of each cell line was concordant with the respective original tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS We present the mutational differences between brain and cutaneous acral melanoma metastases in a patient with concomitant lesions. Further genetic and functional studies are needed to understand the biology of metastatic disease appearing at different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William M Lin
- Program of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Amin-Mansour
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judit Jané-Valbuena
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Levi Garraway
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendi Bao
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nageatte Ibrahim
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Vazquez VDL, Vicente AL, Carloni A, Berardinelli G, Soares P, Scapulatempo C, Martinho O, Reis RM. Molecular profiling, including TERT promoter mutations, of acral lentiginous melanomas. Melanoma Res 2016; 26:93-9. [PMID: 26709572 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the less common subtype with singular characterization. TERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) promoter mutations have being described as recurrent in melanomas and infrequent in ALM, but their real incidence and clinical relevance is unclear. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of TERT promoter mutations in ALM, and correlate with the molecular profile of other drive genes and clinical features. Sixty-one samples from 48 patients with ALM were analyzed. After DNA isolation, the mutation profiles of the hotspot region of BRAF, NRAS, KIT, PDGFRA, and TERT genes were determined by PCR amplification followed by direct Sanger sequencing. KIT, PDGFRA, and VEGFR2 gene amplification was performed by quantitative PCR. Clinical information such as survival, clinical stage, and Breslow tumor classification were obtained from medical records. TERT promoter mutations were found in 9.3% of the cases, BRAF in 10.3%, NRAS in 7.5%, KIT in 20.7%, and PDGFRA in 14.8% of ALM. None of the cases showed KIT, PDGFRA, or VEGFR2 gene amplification. We found an association between KIT mutations and advanced Clark level (IV and V, P=0.043) and TERT promoter mutations with low mitotic index. No other significant associations were observed between mutation profile and patients' clinical features nor survival rates. Oncogenic TERT promoter mutations are present in a fraction of ALMs. No relevant associations were found between TERT mutation status and clinical/molecular features nor survival. Mutations of KIT and PDGFRA are the most common genetic alterations, and they can be therapeutic targets for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius de Lima Vazquez
- aMolecular Oncology Research Center bDepartment of Surgery, Melanoma and Sarcoma Unity cDepartment of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil dInstitute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of University of Porto, (IPATIMUP), Porto eLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Health Sciences School, University of Minho fICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Lee S, Barnhill RL, Dummer R, Dalton J, Wu J, Pappo A, Bahrami A. TERT Promoter Mutations Are Predictive of Aggressive Clinical Behavior in Patients with Spitzoid Melanocytic Neoplasms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11200. [PMID: 26061100 PMCID: PMC4462090 DOI: 10.1038/srep11200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spitzoid neoplasms constitute a morphologically distinct category of melanocytic tumors, encompassing Spitz nevus (benign), atypical Spitz tumor (intermediate malignant potential), and spitzoid melanoma (fully malignant). Currently, no reliable histopathological criteria or molecular marker is known to distinguish borderline from overtly malignant neoplasms. Because TERT promoter (TERT-p) mutations are common in inherently aggressive cutaneous conventional melanoma, we sought to evaluate their prognostic significance in spitzoid neoplasms. We analyzed tumors labeled as atypical Spitz tumor or spitzoid melanoma from 56 patients with available follow-up data for the association of TERT-p mutations, biallelic CDKN2A deletion, biallelic PTEN deletion, kinase fusions, BRAF/NRAS mutations, nodal status, and histopathological parameters with risk of hematogenous metastasis. Four patients died of disseminated disease and 52 patients were alive and disease free without extranodal metastasis (median follow-up, 32.5 months). We found TERT-p mutations in samples from the 4 patients who developed hematogenous metastasis but in none of tumors from patients who had favorable outcomes. Presence of TERT-p mutations was the most significant predictor of haematogenous dissemination (P < 0.0001) among variables analyzed. We conclude that TERT-p mutations identify a clinically high-risk subset of patients with spitzoid tumors. Application of TERT-p mutational assays for risk stratification in the clinic requires large-scale validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjae Lee
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Raymond L Barnhill
- Département de BioPathologie, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James Dalton
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
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Porcelli L, Guida G, Quatrale AE, Cocco T, Sidella L, Maida I, Iacobazzi RM, Ferretta A, Stolfa DA, Strippoli S, Guida S, Tommasi S, Guida M, Azzariti A. Aurora kinase B inhibition reduces the proliferation of metastatic melanoma cells and enhances the response to chemotherapy. J Transl Med 2015; 13:26. [PMID: 25623468 PMCID: PMC4314759 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor response to chemotherapy and the brief response to vemurafenib in metastatic melanoma patients, make the identification of new therapeutic approaches an urgent need. Interestingly the increased expression and activity of the Aurora kinase B during melanoma progression suggests it as a promising therapeutic target. METHODS The efficacy of the Aurora B kinase inhibitor barasertib-HQPA was evaluated in BRAF mutated cells, sensitive and made resistant to vemurafenib after chronic exposure to the drug, and in BRAF wild type cells. The drug effectiveness has been evaluated as cell growth inhibition, cell cycle progression and cell migration. In addition, cellular effectors of drug resistance and response were investigated. RESULTS The characterization of the effectors responsible for the resistance to vemurafenib evidenced the increased expression of MITF or the activation of Erk1/2 and p-38 kinases in the newly established cell lines with a phenotype resistant to vemurafenib. The sensitivity of cells to barasertib-HQPA was irrespective of BRAF mutational status. Barasertib-HQPA induced the mitotic catastrophe, ultimately causing apoptosis and necrosis of cells, inhibited cell migration and strongly affected the glycolytic metabolism of cells inducing the release of lactate. In association i) with vemurafenib the gain in effectiveness was found only in BRAF(V600K) cells while ii) with nab-paclitaxel, the combination was more effective than each drug alone in all cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest barasertib as a new therapeutic agent and as enhancer of chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Porcelli
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna E Quatrale
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Letizia Sidella
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Immacolata Maida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosa M Iacobazzi
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Ferretta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Diana A Stolfa
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Sabino Strippoli
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Guida
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Michele Guida
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Okura R, Yoshioka H, Yoshioka M, Hiromasa K, Nishio D, Nakamura M. Expression of AID in malignant melanoma with BRAF(V600E) mutation. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:347-8. [PMID: 24684646 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BRAF-activating somatic mutations often exist in malignant melanoma. The underlying molecular mechanism of somatic BRAF mutation inductions remained to be clear. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a member of a cytidine deaminase family, and APOBEC3B induce somatic mutations and recently have been indicated to be involved in the pathomechanism of several kinds of cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the expression level of AID and APOBEC3B in BRAF-mutation- containing malignant melanoma. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that 9 of 10 malignant melanomas with high AID expression had BRAF(V600E) mutation. Eight of them developed multiorgan metastases or multiple lymph node metastases afterwards. Although the size of the patient panel was small, the results indicate that there might be an association between AID expression and BRAF mutation in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Okura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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31
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Diaz A, Puig-Butillé JA, Muñoz C, Costa D, Díez A, Garcia-Herrera A, Carrera C, Badenas C, Solé F, Malvehy J, Puig S, Alos L. TERT gene amplification is associated with poor outcome in acral lentiginous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:839-41. [PMID: 25219713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Diaz
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butillé
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concha Muñoz
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Costa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Díez
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Carrera
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Solé
- Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llucia Alos
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Bergamaschi D. Is Mcl-1L the new anti-apoptotic effector of B-RAFV(600E) in melanoma? Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:94. [PMID: 24372788 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A recent report has unveiled a novel mechanism by which oncogenic BRAF signalling might trigger apoptotic resistance in melanoma by selectively affecting the expression of Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1L (Exp Dermatol 2013: 22: 767). Correlation of Mcl-1 splice variants and B-RAF mutational status was determined in a panel of melanoma cell lines. In vivo validation of this mechanism, which is supported by recent literature, might provide novel therapeutic approaches such as the use of targeted Mcl-1 inhibitors to improve outcome in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bergamaschi
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary London University, London, UK
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Gomez-Lira M, Ferronato S, Malerba G, Santinami M, Maurichi A, Sangalli A, Turco A, Perego P, Rodolfo M. Association of promoter polymorphism −765G>C in the PTGS2 gene with malignant melanoma in Italian patients and its correlation to gene expression in dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:766-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Gomez-Lira
- Section of Biology and Genetics; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Silvia Ferronato
- Section of Biology and Genetics; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Section of Biology and Genetics; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Mario Santinami
- Unit of Melanoma and Sarcoma; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Maurichi
- Unit of Melanoma and Sarcoma; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milan Italy
| | - Antonella Sangalli
- Section of Biology and Genetics; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Alberto Turco
- Section of Biology and Genetics; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Unit of Molecular Pharmacology; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milan Italy
| | - Monica Rodolfo
- Unit of Immunotherapy; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milan Italy
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Abstract
Recent efforts in genomic research have enabled the characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying many types of cancers, ushering novel approaches for diagnosis and therapeutics. Melanoma is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, as many genetic alterations have been identified and the clinical features can vary. Although discoveries of frequent mutations including BRAF have already made clinically significant impact on patient care, there is a growing body of literature suggesting a role for additional mutations, driver and passenger types, in disease pathophysiology. Although some mutations have been strongly associated with clinical phenotypes of melanomas (such as physical distribution or morphologic subtype), the function or implications of many of the recently identified mutations remains less clear. The phenotypic and clinical impact of genomic mutations in melanoma remains a promising opportunity for progress in the care of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B Hawryluk
- Dermatology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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35
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Griewank KG, Murali R, Puig-Butille JA, Schilling B, Livingstone E, Potrony M, Carrera C, Schimming T, Möller I, Schwamborn M, Sucker A, Hillen U, Badenas C, Malvehy J, Zimmer L, Scherag A, Puig S, Schadendorf D. TERT promoter mutation status as an independent prognostic factor in cutaneous melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju246. [PMID: 25217772 PMCID: PMC4200061 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, TERT promoter mutations were identified at high frequencies in cutaneous melanoma tumor samples and cell lines. The mutations were found to have a UV-signature and to lead to increased TERT gene expression. We analyzed a large cohort of melanoma patients for the presence and distribution of TERT promoter mutations and their association with clinico-pathological characteristics. METHODS 410 melanoma tumor samples were analyzed by Sanger sequencing for the presence of TERT promoter mutations. An analysis of associations between mutation status and various clinical and pathologic variables was performed. RESULTS TERT promoter mutations were identified in 154 (43%) of 362 successfully sequenced melanomas. Mutation frequencies varied between melanoma subtype, being most frequent in melanomas arising in nonacral skin (48%) and melanomas with occult primary (50%), and less frequent in mucosal (23%), and acral (19%) melanomas. Mutations carried a UV signature (C>T or CC>TT). The presence of TERT promoter mutations was associated with factors such as BRAF or NRAS mutation (P < .001), histologic type (P = .002), and Breslow thickness (P < .001). TERT promoter mutation was independently associated with poorer overall survival in patients with nonacral cutaneous melanomas (median survival 80 months vs 291 months for wild-type; hazard ratio corrected for other covariates 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29 to 4.74; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS UV-induced TERT promoter mutations are one of the most frequent genetic alterations in melanoma, with frequencies varying depending on melanoma subtype. In nonacral cutaneous melanomas, presence of TERT promoter mutations is independently associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus G Griewank
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS).
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Tobias Schimming
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Inga Möller
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Marion Schwamborn
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Celia Badenas
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - André Scherag
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Susana Puig
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS)
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (KGG, BS, EL, TS, IM, MS, AS, UH, LZ, DS), Germany; Department of Pathology and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (RM); CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain (JAPB, MP, CC, CB, JM, SP); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CC, JM, SP); Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (CB); Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany (AS).
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Lacruz G, Cárdenas I, Carrera C, Díaz A, Puig-Butillè JA, Badenas C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Multiple Primary Acral Melanomas in Two Young Caucasian Patients. Dermatology 2014; 228:307-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000362207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Hatvani Z, Brodszky V, Mazán M, Pintér D, Hársing J, Tóth V, Somlai B, Kárpáti S. Genotype analysis in Hungarian patients with multiple primary melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:361-4. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Hatvani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Valentin Brodszky
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment Research Centre; Corvinus University of Budapest; Budapest Hungary
| | - Mercédesz Mazán
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Dóra Pintér
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Judit Hársing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Veronika Tóth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Beáta Somlai
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
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Liau JY, Tsai JH, Jeng YM, Chu CY, Kuo KT, Liang CW. TERT promoter mutation is uncommon in acral lentiginous melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:504-8. [PMID: 24588324 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases with distinct sets of genetic changes. Recurrent and mutually exclusive C>T or CC>TT transition mutations were identified in the promoter region of the reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit of the telomerase gene (TERT) in melanoma recently, and it was suggested that they enhanced the expression of TERT gene and played important roles in the melanoma pathogenesis. These mono or di-nucleotide transitions were ultraviolet (UV)-signature mutations. METHODS In this study, polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of TERT promoter using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue was performed to investigate whether these UV-signature mutations were also present in acral lentiginous melanoma. RESULTS TERT promoter mutation was identified in only 2 of the 32 cases (6%) of acral lentiginous melanomas while it was identified in 3 of the 9 cases (33%) of non-acral cutaneous melanomas. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS The rarity of TERT promoter mutation in the acral lentiginous melanoma was consistent with the supposed role of UV light in the melanoma pathogenesis and also corroborated the view that acral lentiginous melanomas have a different pathogenesis with the melanomas from sun-exposed sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Yu Liau
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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TERT and AURKA Gene Copy Number Gains Enhance the Detection of Acral Lentiginous Melanomas by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. J Mol Diagn 2014; 16:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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40
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Ganzenmueller T, Hage E, Yakushko Y, Kluba J, Woltemate S, Schacht V, Schulz TF, Gutzmer R. No human virus sequences detected by next-generation sequencing in benign verrucous skin tumors occurring in BRAF-inhibitor-treated patients. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:725-9. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Hage
- Institute of Virology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Yuri Yakushko
- Institute of Virology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Jeanette Kluba
- Institute of Virology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Sabrina Woltemate
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Vivien Schacht
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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41
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Zebary A, Omholt K, Vassilaki I, Höiom V, Lindén D, Viberg L, Kanter-Lewensohn L, Johansson CH, Hansson J. KIT, NRAS, BRAF and PTEN mutations in a sample of Swedish patients with acral lentiginous melanoma. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:284-9. [PMID: 23993026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) accounts for <10% of all melanomas in Caucasians. Although the involvement of KIT, NRAS and BRAF mutations is well known in ALM, the impact of these mutations on clinicopathological features has not been established. OBJECTIVE To define the KIT, NRAS, BRAF and PTEN mutation frequencies in Swedish patients with ALM and to evaluate the impact of mutation status on patient and tumor characteristics. METHODS Tumor cells were microdissected from 88 primary ALMs and 16 paired metastases and analyzed for KIT, NRAS and BRAF mutations. A subset of 25 ALMs was also evaluated for PTEN mutations. RESULTS BRAF mutations were identified in 17% of the primary ALMs. Both NRAS and KIT mutations were found at a similar frequency of 15%. Only one of the ALMs that were screened for PTEN harbored a mutation (4%). The KIT, NRAS and BRAF mutation status in paired primary and metastatic ALMs was identical. Patients with BRAF mutated tumors were significantly younger (57 years) than those with BRAF wild-type tumors (73 years, p=0.028). BRAF mutations were significantly more common in females (p=0.011) and more often found in tumors located on the feet (p=0.039). Anatomical site was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival; patients with ALMs on the hands or under fingernails had a better prognosis than those with tumors on the feet or under toenails (p=0.025). CONCLUSION Our results confirm the presence of KIT, NRAS and BRAF mutations in ALM and provide evidence that mutations in these genes occur at similar frequencies. Our results also show that PTEN is mutated in a small subset of ALM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdlsattar Zebary
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Watanabe A, Yasuhira S, Inoue T, Kasai S, Shibazaki M, Takahashi K, Akasaka T, Masuda T, Maesawa C. BCL2 and BCLxL are key determinants of resistance to antitubulin chemotherapeutics in melanoma cells. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:518-23. [PMID: 23802633 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is refractory to various chemotherapeutics including antitubulin agents such as paclitaxel. Previous studies have suggested a link between βIII-tubulin overexpression and paclitaxel resistance through alterations in the properties of the mitotic spindle. We found that paclitaxel treatment induced temporary mitotic arrest in 7 melanoma cell lines irrespective of the βIII-tubulin level, suggesting that βIII-tubulin had no significant influence on spindle properties. On the other hand, the amount of BCL2, an anti-apoptotic protein, was well correlated with paclitaxel resistance. Treatment of the paclitaxel-resistant cell lines with ABT-737, an inhibitor of BCL2 and BCLxL, or simultaneous knock-down of BCL2 and BCLxL dramatically increased the cells' sensitivity, while knock-down of MCL1, another member of the BCL2 family, had only a minimal effect. Our results suggest that the paclitaxel sensitivity of melanoma cells is attributable to apoptosis susceptibility rather than a change in spindle properties and that BCL2 and BCLxL play a pivotal role in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Watanabe
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Japan
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