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Hong H, Deng A, Tang Y, Liu Z. How to identify biofouling species in marine and freshwater. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:130-152. [PMID: 38450626 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2324008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The identification and management of biofouling remain pressing challenges in marine and freshwater ecosystems, with significant implications for environmental sustainability and industrial operations. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current state-of-the-art in biofouling identification technologies, examining eight prominent methodologies: Microscopy Examination, Molecular Biology, Remote Sensing, Community Involvement, Ecological Methods, Artificial Intelligence, Chemical Analysis, and Macro Photography. Each method is evaluated for its respective advantages and disadvantages, considering factors such as precision, scalability, cost, and data quality. Furthermore, the review identifies current obstacles that inhibit the optimal utilization of these technologies, ranging from technical limitations and high operational costs to issues of data inconsistency and subjectivity. Finally, the review posits a future outlook, advocating for the development of integrated, standardized systems that amalgamate the strengths of individual approaches. Such advancement will pave the way for more effective and sustainable strategies for biofouling identification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heting Hong
- Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aijuan Deng
- Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, China
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2
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Servetto N, Ruiz MB, Martínez M, Harms L, de Aranzamendi MC, Alurralde G, Giménez D, Abele D, Held C, Sahade R. Molecular responses to ocean acidification in an Antarctic bivalve and an ascidian. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166577. [PMID: 37633374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Southern Ocean organisms are considered particularly vulnerable to Ocean acidification (OA), as they inhabit cold waters where calcite-aragonite saturation states are naturally low. It is also generally assumed that OA would affect calcifying animals more than non-calcifying animals. In this context, we aimed to study the impact of reduced pH on both types of species: the ascidian Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A, and the bivalve Aequiyoldia eightsii, from an Antarctic fjord. We used gene expression profiling and enzyme activity to study the responses of these two Antarctic benthic species to OA. We report the results of an experiment lasting 66 days, comparing the molecular mechanisms underlying responses under two pCO2 treatments (ambient and elevated pCO2). We observed 224 up-regulated and 111 down-regulated genes (FC ≥ 2; p-value ≤ 0.05) in the ascidian. In particular, the decrease in pH caused an upregulation of genes involved in the immune system and antioxidant response. While fewer differentially expressed (DE) genes were observed in the infaunal bivalve, 34 genes were up-regulated, and 69 genes were downregulated (FC ≥ 2; p-value ≤ 0.05) in response to OA. We found downregulated genes involved in the oxidoreductase pathway (such as glucose dehydrogenase and trimethyl lysine dioxygenase), while the heat shock protein 70 was up-regulated. This work addresses the effect of OA in two common, widely distributed Antarctic species, showing striking results. Our major finding highlights the impact of OA on the non-calcifying species, a result that differ from the general trend, which describes a higher impact on calcifying species. This calls for discussion of potential effects on non-calcifying species, such as ascidians, a diverse and abundant group that form extended three-dimensional clusters in shallow waters and shelf areas in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Servetto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M B Ruiz
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Martínez
- Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Harms
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M C de Aranzamendi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Alurralde
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission HELCOM, Helsinki FI-00160, Finland
| | - D Giménez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Abele
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - C Held
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - R Sahade
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.
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3
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Guo X, Huang M, Luo X, You W, Ke C. Impact of ocean acidification on shells of the abalone species Haliotis diversicolor and Haliotis discus hannai. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106183. [PMID: 37820478 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) results from the absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions by the ocean and threatens the survival of many marine calcareous organisms including molluscs. We studied OA effects on adult shells of the abalone species Haliotis diversicolor and Haliotis discus hannai that were exposed to three pCO2 conditions (ambient, ∼880, and ∼1600 μatm) for 1 year. Shell periostracum corrosion under OA was observed for both species. OA reduced shell hardness and altered the nacre ultrastructure in H. diversicolor, making its shells more vulnerable to crushing force. OA exposure did not reduce the shell hardness of H. discus hannai and did not alter nacre ultrastructure. However, the reduced calcification also decreased its resistance to crushing force. Sr/Ca in the shell increased with rising calcification rate. Mg/Ca increased upon OA exposure could be due to a complimentary mechanism of preventing shell hardness further reduced. The Na/Ca distribution between the aragonite and calcite of abalone shells was also changed by OA. In general, both abalone species are at a greater risk in a more acidified ocean. Their shells may not provide sufficient protection from predators or to transportation stress in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, PR China; National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, PR China
| | - Miaoqin Huang
- National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei You
- National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China.
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4
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Ribeiro B, Lima C, Pereira SE, Peixoto R, Klautau M. Calcareous sponges can synthesize their skeleton under short-term ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6776. [PMID: 37185292 PMCID: PMC10130156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcifying organisms are considered as threatened by ocean acidification, because of their calcium carbonate skeleton. This study investigated if a calcareous sponge could synthesize its skeleton (i.e. spicules) under ocean-acidification conditions. Sponge cell aggregates that have the potential to develop into a functional sponge, called primmorphs, were submitted to a 5-day experiment, with two treatments: control (pH 8.1) and acidified conditions (pH 7.6). Primmorphs of the calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna were able to synthesize a skeleton, even under low pH, and to develop into functional sponges. The spicules had the same shape in both conditions, although the spicules synthesized in low pH were slightly thinner than those in the control. These results suggest that P. magna may be able to survive near-future ocean-acidification conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ribeiro
- TaxoN Laboratory, Zoology Department, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Carolina Lima
- TaxoN Laboratory, Zoology Department, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Sara Emilly Pereira
- TaxoN Laboratory, Zoology Department, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Raquel Peixoto
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelle Klautau
- TaxoN Laboratory, Zoology Department, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-599, Brazil.
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Posadas N, Baquiran JIP, Nada MAL, Kelly M, Conaco C. Microbiome diversity and host immune functions influence survivorship of sponge holobionts under future ocean conditions. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:58-67. [PMID: 34218251 PMCID: PMC8692459 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sponge-associated microbial community contributes to the overall health and adaptive capacity of the sponge holobiont. This community is regulated by the environment and the immune system of the host. However, little is known about the effect of environmental stress on the regulation of host immune functions and how this may, in turn, affect sponge-microbe interactions. In this study, we compared the bacterial diversity and immune repertoire of the demosponge, Neopetrosia compacta, and the calcareous sponge, Leucetta chagosensis, under varying levels of acidification and warming stress based on climate scenarios predicted for 2100. Neopetrosia compacta harbors a diverse microbial community and possesses a rich repertoire of scavenger receptors while L. chagosensis has a less diverse microbiome and an expanded range of pattern recognition receptors and immune response-related genes. Upon exposure to RCP 8.5 conditions, the microbiome composition and host transcriptome of N. compacta remained stable, which correlated with high survival (75%). In contrast, tissue necrosis and low survival (25%) of L. chagosensis was accompanied by microbial community shifts and downregulation of host immune-related pathways. Meta-analysis of microbiome diversity and immunological repertoire across poriferan classes further highlights the importance of host-microbe interactions in predicting the fate of sponges under future ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niño Posadas
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jake Ivan P. Baquiran
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Michael Angelou L. Nada
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Michelle Kelly
- grid.419676.b0000 0000 9252 5808National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Conaco
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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6
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Lamim VB, Procópio L. Influence of Acidification and Warming of Seawater on Biofouling by Bacteria Grown over API 5L Steel. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:151-159. [PMID: 33927456 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidification and warming of seawater have several impacts on marine organisms, including over microorganisms. The influence of acidification and warming of seawater on biofilms grown on API 5L steel surfaces was evaluated by sequencing the 16S ribosomal gene. For this, three microcosms were designed, the first simulating the natural marine environment (MCC), the second with a decrease in pH from 8.1 to 7.9, and an increase in temperature by 2 °C (MMS), and the third with pH in around 7.7 and an increase in temperature of 4 °C (MES). The results showed that MCC was dominated by the Gammaproteobacteria class, mainly members of the Alteromonadales Order. The second most abundant group was Alphaproteobacteria, with a predominance of Rhodobacterales and Oceanospirillales. In the MMS system there was a balance between representatives of the Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria classes. In MES there was an inversion in the representations of the most prevalent classes previously described in MCC. In this condition, there was a predominance of members of the Alphaproteobacteria Class, in contrast to the decrease in the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria members. These results suggest that possible future climate changes may influence the dynamics of the biofouling process in surface metals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00925-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Brigido Lamim
- Microbial Corrosion Laboratory, Estácio University (UNESA), Bispo Street, 83, Room, AG405, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063 Brazil
| | - Luciano Procópio
- Microbial Corrosion Laboratory, Estácio University (UNESA), Bispo Street, 83, Room, AG405, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063 Brazil
- Industrial Microbiology and Bioremediation Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Estrada de Xerém, 27, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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7
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Telesca L, Peck LS, Backeljau T, Heinig MF, Harper EM. A century of coping with environmental and ecological changes via compensatory biomineralization in mussels. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:624-639. [PMID: 33112464 PMCID: PMC7839727 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate biological models are critical to predict biotic responses to climate change and human-caused disturbances. Current understanding of organismal responses to change stems from studies over relatively short timescales. However, most projections lack long-term observations incorporating the potential for transgenerational phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaption, the keys to resistance. Here, we describe unexpected temporal compensatory responses in biomineralization as a mechanism for resistance to altered environmental conditions and predation impacts in a calcifying foundation species. We evaluated exceptional archival specimens of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis collected regularly between 1904 and 2016 along 15 km of Belgian coastline, along with records of key environmental descriptors and predators. Contrary to global-scale predictions, shell production increased over the last century, highlighting a protective capacity of mussels for qualitative and quantitative trade-offs in biomineralization as compensatory responses to altered environments. We also demonstrated the role of changes in predator communities in stimulating unanticipated biological trends that run contrary to experimental predictive models under future climate scenarios. Analysis of archival records has a key role for anticipating emergent impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Telesca
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- British Antarctic SurveyCambridgeUK
| | | | - Thierry Backeljau
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural SciencesBrusselsBelgium
- Evolutionary Ecology GroupUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Mario F. Heinig
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanolabNational Centre for Nano Fabrication and CharacterizationKongens LyngbyDenmark
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Abstract
Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs and urchins. This is because life in our oceans is becoming more challenging for these animals with changes in temperature, pH and salinity. In the future, it will be more energetically expensive to make marine skeletons and the increasingly corrosive conditions in seawater are expected to result in the dissolution of these external skeletons. However, initial predictions of wide-scale sensitivity are changing as we understand more about the mechanisms underpinning skeletal production (biomineralization). These studies demonstrate the complexity of calcification pathways and the cellular responses of animals to these altered conditions. Factors including parental conditioning, phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics can significantly impact the production of skeletons and thus future population success. This understanding is paralleled by an increase in our knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in biomineralization, particularly in some phyla, such as urchins, molluscs and corals. This Review will provide a broad overview of our current understanding of the factors affecting skeletal production in marine invertebrates. It will focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning biomineralization and how knowledge of these processes affects experimental design and our ability to predict responses to climate change. Understanding marine biomineralization has many tangible benefits in our changing world, including improvements in conservation and aquaculture and exploitation of natural calcified structure design using biomimicry approaches that are aimed at producing novel biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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9
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Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Ferreira V, Peng M, Zhang X, Power DM. The calcitonin-like system is an ancient regulatory system of biomineralization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7581. [PMID: 32371888 PMCID: PMC7200681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms acquired the capacity to accumulate minerals in tissues. Shells are the biomineralized exoskeleton of marine molluscs produced by the mantle but factors that regulate mantle shell building are still enigmatic. This study sought to identify candidate regulatory factors of molluscan shell mineralization and targeted family B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligands that include calcium regulatory factors in vertebrates, such as calcitonin (CALC). In molluscs, CALC receptor (CALCR) number was variable and arose through lineage and species-specific duplications. The Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) mantle transcriptome expresses six CALCR-like and two CALC-precursors encoding four putative mature peptides. Mussel CALCR-like are activated in vitro by vertebrate CALC but only receptor CALCRIIc is activated by the mussel CALCIIa peptide (EC50 = 2.6 ×10-5 M). Ex-vivo incubations of mantle edge tissue and mantle cells with CALCIIa revealed they accumulated significantly more calcium than untreated tissue and cells. Mussel CALCIIa also significantly decreased mantle acid phosphatase activity, which is associated with shell remodelling. Our data indicate the CALC-like system as candidate regulatory factors of shell mineralization. The identification of the CALC system from molluscs to vertebrates suggests it is an ancient and conserved calcium regulatory system of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vinícius Ferreira
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - MaoXiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xushuai Zhang
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Dobretsov S, Rittschof D. Love at First Taste: Induction of Larval Settlement by Marine Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030731. [PMID: 31979128 PMCID: PMC7036896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biofilms are composed of many species of bacteria, unicellular algae, and protozoa. Biofilms can induce, inhibit, or have no effect on settlement of larvae and spores of algae. In this review, we focus on induction of larval settlement by marine bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and review publications from 2010 to September 2019. This review provides insights from meta-analysis on what is known about the effect of marine biofilms on larval settlement. Of great interest is the impact of different components of marine biofilms, such as bacteria and diatoms, extracellular polymeric substances, quorum sensing signals, unique inductive compounds, exoenzymes, and structural protein degradation products on larval settlement and metamorphosis. Molecular aspects of larval settlement and impact of climate change are reviewed and, finally, potential areas of future investigations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dobretsov
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud 123 P.O. Box 50, Muscat 123, Oman
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud 123 P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Marine Science and Conservation, Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;
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11
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Telesca L, Peck LS, Sanders T, Thyrring J, Sejr MK, Harper EM. Biomineralization plasticity and environmental heterogeneity predict geographical resilience patterns of foundation species to future change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4179-4193. [PMID: 31432587 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although geographical patterns of species' sensitivity to environmental changes are defined by interacting multiple stressors, little is known about compensatory processes shaping regional differences in organismal vulnerability. Here, we examine large-scale spatial variations in biomineralization under heterogeneous environmental gradients of temperature, salinity and food availability across a 30° latitudinal range (3,334 km), to test whether plasticity in calcareous shell production and composition, from juveniles to large adults, mediates geographical patterns of resilience to climate change in critical foundation species, the mussels Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus. We find shell calcification decreased towards high latitude, with mussels producing thinner shells with a higher organic content in polar than temperate regions. Salinity was the best predictor of within-region differences in mussel shell deposition, mineral and organic composition. In polar, subpolar, and Baltic low-salinity environments, mussels produced thin shells with a thicker external organic layer (periostracum), and an increased proportion of calcite (prismatic layer, as opposed to aragonite) and organic matrix, providing potentially higher resistance against dissolution in more corrosive waters. Conversely, in temperate, higher salinity regimes, thicker, more calcified shells with a higher aragonite (nacreous layer) proportion were deposited, which suggests enhanced protection under increased predation pressure. Interacting effects of salinity and food availability on mussel shell composition predict the deposition of a thicker periostracum and organic-enriched prismatic layer under forecasted future environmental conditions, suggesting a capacity for increased protection of high-latitude populations from ocean acidification. These findings support biomineralization plasticity as a potentially advantageous compensatory mechanism conferring Mytilus species a protective capacity for quantitative and qualitative trade-offs in shell deposition as a response to regional alterations of abiotic and biotic conditions in future environments. Our work illustrates that compensatory mechanisms, driving plastic responses to the spatial structure of multiple stressors, can define geographical patterns of unanticipated species resilience to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Telesca
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Jakob Thyrring
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mikael K Sejr
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Marine Ecology, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
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12
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Meng Y, Li C, Li H, Shih K, He C, Yao H, Thiyagarajan V. Recoverable impacts of ocean acidification on the tubeworm, Hydroides elegans: implication for biofouling in future coastal oceans. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:945-957. [PMID: 31687858 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1673376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 causes ocean acidification (OA), which not only decreases the calcification rate, but also impairs the formation of calcareous shells or tubes in marine invertebrates such as the dominant biofouling tubeworm species, Hydroides elegans. This study examined the ability of tubeworms to resume normal tube calcification when returned to ambient pH 8.1 from a projected near-future OA level of pH 7.8. Tubeworms produced structurally impaired and mechanically weaker calcareous tubes at pH 7.8 compared to at pH 8.1, but were able to recover when the pH was restored to ambient levels. This suggests that tubeworms can physiologically recover from the impacts of OA on tube calcification, composition, density, hardness and stiffness when returned to optimal conditions. These results help understanding of the progression of biofouling communities dominated by tubeworms in future oceans with low pH induced by OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hangkong Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chong He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haimin Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Clark MS, Villota Nieva L, Hoffman JI, Davies AJ, Trivedi UH, Turner F, Ashton GV, Peck LS. Lack of long-term acclimation in Antarctic encrusting species suggests vulnerability to warming. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3383. [PMID: 31358752 PMCID: PMC6662708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine encrusting communities play vital roles in benthic ecosystems and have major economic implications with regards to biofouling. However, their ability to persist under projected warming scenarios remains poorly understood and is difficult to study under realistic conditions. Here, using heated settlement panel technologies, we show that after 18 months Antarctic encrusting communities do not acclimate to either +1 °C or +2 °C above ambient temperatures. There is significant up-regulation of the cellular stress response in warmed animals, their upper lethal temperatures decline with increasing ambient temperature and population genetic analyses show little evidence of differential survival of genotypes with treatment. By contrast, biofilm bacterial communities show no significant differences in community structure with temperature. Thus, metazoan and bacterial responses differ dramatically, suggesting that ecosystem responses to future climate change are likely to be far more complex than previously anticipated. Genetic adaptation and physiological acclimation can potentially buffer species against climate change. Here, the authors perform a long-term warming experiment of Antarctic encrusting communities and show that focal animal species failed to acclimate and lacked genetic variation in tolerance to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
| | - Leyre Villota Nieva
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.,School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Joseph I Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behavior, University of Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrew J Davies
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Sciences, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Urmi H Trivedi
- Edinburgh Genomics (Genome Science), Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, The King's Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frances Turner
- Edinburgh Genomics (Genome Science), Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, The King's Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail V Ashton
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037-0028, USA
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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14
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McCarthy AH, Peck LS, Hughes KA, Aldridge DC. Antarctica: The final frontier for marine biological invasions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2221-2241. [PMID: 31016829 PMCID: PMC6849521 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica is experiencing significant ecological and environmental change, which may facilitate the establishment of non-native marine species. Non-native marine species will interact with other anthropogenic stressors affecting Antarctic ecosystems, such as climate change (warming, ocean acidification) and pollution, with irreversible ramifications for biodiversity and ecosystem services. We review current knowledge of non-native marine species in the Antarctic region, the physical and physiological factors that resist establishment of non-native marine species, changes to resistance under climate change, the role of legislation in limiting marine introductions, and the effect of increasing human activity on vectors and pathways of introduction. Evidence of non-native marine species is limited: just four marine non-native and one cryptogenic species that were likely introduced anthropogenically have been reported freely living in Antarctic or sub-Antarctic waters, but no established populations have been reported; an additional six species have been observed in pathways to Antarctica that are potentially at risk of becoming invasive. We present estimates of the intensity of ship activity across fishing, tourism and research sectors: there may be approximately 180 vessels and 500+ voyages in Antarctic waters annually. However, these estimates are necessarily speculative because relevant data are scarce. To facilitate well-informed policy and management, we make recommendations for future research into the likelihood of marine biological invasions in the Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlie H. McCarthy
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- British Antarctic Survey, NERCCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - David C. Aldridge
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- BioRISC, St Catharine's CollegeCambridgeUK
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15
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Chadwick M, Harper EM, Lemasson A, Spicer JI, Peck LS. Quantifying susceptibility of marine invertebrate biocomposites to dissolution in reduced pH. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190252. [PMID: 31312491 PMCID: PMC6599774 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification threatens many ecologically and economically important marine calcifiers. The increase in shell dissolution under the resulting reduced pH is an important and increasingly recognized threat. The biocomposites that make up calcified hardparts have a range of taxon-specific compositions and microstructures, and it is evident that these may influence susceptibilities to dissolution. Here, we show how dissolution (thickness loss), under both ambient and predicted end-century pH (approx. 7.6), varies between seven different bivalve molluscs and one crustacean biocomposite and investigate how this relates to details of their microstructure and composition. Over 100 days, the dissolution of all microstructures was greater under the lower pH in the end-century conditions. Dissolution of lobster cuticle was greater than that of any bivalve microstructure, despite its calcite mineralogy, showing the importance of other microstructural characteristics besides carbonate polymorph. Organic content had the strongest positive correlation with dissolution when all microstructures were considered, and together with Mg/Ca ratio, explained 80-90% of the variance in dissolution. Organic content, Mg/Ca ratio, crystal density and mineralogy were all required to explain the maximum variance in dissolution within only bivalve microstructures, but still only explained 50-60% of the variation in dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chadwick
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth M. Harper
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Anaëlle Lemasson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - John I. Spicer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Lloyd S. Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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16
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Cross EL, Harper EM, Peck LS. Thicker Shells Compensate Extensive Dissolution in Brachiopods under Future Ocean Acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5016-5026. [PMID: 30925214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organisms with long generation times require phenotypic plasticity to survive in changing environments until genetic adaptation can be achieved. Marine calcifiers are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification due to dissolution and a reduction in shell-building carbonate ions. Long-term experiments assess organisms' abilities to acclimatize or even adapt to environmental change. Here we present an unexpected compensatory response to extensive shell dissolution in a highly calcium-carbonate-dependent organism after long-term culture in predicted end-century acidification and warming conditions. Substantial shell dissolution with decreasing pH posed a threat to both a polar ( Liothyrella uva) and a temperate ( Calloria inconspicua) brachiopod after 7 months and 3 months exposure, respectively, with more extensive dissolution in the polar species. This impact was reflected in decreased outer primary layer thickness in the polar brachiopod. A compensatory response of increasing inner secondary layer thickness, and thereby producing a thicker shell, was exhibited by the polar species. Less extensive dissolution in the temperate brachiopod did not affect shell thickness. Increased temperature did not impact shell dissolution or thickness. Brachiopod ability to produce a thicker shell when extensive shell dissolution occurs suggests this marine calcifier has great plasticity in calcification providing insights into how similar species might cope under future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Cross
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing Street , Cambridge , CB2 3EQ , United Kingdom
- British Antarctic Survey , Natural Environment Research Council , High Cross, Madingley Road , Cambridge , CB3 0ET , United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M Harper
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing Street , Cambridge , CB2 3EQ , United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey , Natural Environment Research Council , High Cross, Madingley Road , Cambridge , CB3 0ET , United Kingdom
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17
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Dobretsov S, Coutinho R, Rittschof D, Salta M, Ragazzola F, Hellio C. The oceans are changing: impact of ocean warming and acidification on biofouling communities. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:585-595. [PMID: 31282218 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1624727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change (CC) is driving modification of the chemical and physical properties of estuaries and oceans with profound consequences for species and ecosystems. Numerous studies investigate CC effects from species to ecosystem levels, but little is known of the impacts on biofilm communities and on bioactive molecules such as cues, adhesives and enzymes. CC is induced by anthropogenic activity increasing greenhouse emissions leading to rises in air and water temperatures, ocean acidification, sea level rise and changes in ocean gyres and rainfall patterns. These environmental changes are resulting in alterations within marine communities and changes in species ranges and composition. This review provides insights and synthesis of knowledge about the effect of elevated temperature and ocean acidification on microfouling communities and bioactive molecules. The existing studies suggest that CC will impact production of bioactive compounds as well as the growth and composition of biofouling communities. Undoubtedly, with CC fouling management will became an even greater challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dobretsov
- Marine Science and Fisheries Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University , Sultanate of Oman
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ricardo Coutinho
- Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira , Praia dos Anjos, Arraial do Cabo , RJ , Brazil
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Nicholas School, Duke University Marine Laboratory , Beaufort USA
| | - Maria Salta
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Federica Ragazzola
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Claire Hellio
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Envionnement Marin (LEMAR), Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer , Plouzané , France
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18
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Manno C, Rumolo P, Barra M, d'Albero S, Basilone G, Genovese S, Mazzola S, Bonanno A. Condition of pteropod shells near a volcanic CO 2 vent region. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 143:39-48. [PMID: 30448239 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural gradients of pH in the ocean are useful analogues for studying the projected impacts of Ocean Acidification (OA) on marine ecosystems. Here we document the in situ impact of submarine CO2 volcanic emissions (CO2 vents) on live shelled-pteropods (planktonic gastropods) species Creseis conica in the Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean). Since the currents inside the Gulf will likely drive those pelagic calcifying organisms into and out of the CO2 vent zones, we assume that pteropods will be occasionally exposed to the vents during their life cycle. Shell degradation and biomass were investigated in the stations located within and nearby the CO2 vent emission in relation to the variability of sea water carbonate chemistry. A relative decrease in shell biomass (22%), increase in incidence of shell fractures (38%) and extent of dissolution were observed in Creseis conica collected in the Gulf of Naples compared to those from the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (control stations). These results suggest that discontinuous but recurrent exposure to highly variable carbonate chemistry could consistently affect the characteristic of the pteropod shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Manno
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Paola Rumolo
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Barra
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio d'Albero
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Basilone
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilita' in ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Simona Genovese
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilita' in ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilita' in ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Angelo Bonanno
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilita' in ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Campobello di Mazara, Italy
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19
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Bell JJ, Bennett HM, Rovellini A, Webster NS. Sponges to Be Winners under Near-Future Climate Scenarios. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences at Victoria University of Wellington, in Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Holly M Bennett
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland
- Cawthron Institute in Nelson
| | - Alberto Rovellini
- School of Biological Sciences at Victoria University of Wellington, in Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, at The University of Queensland, in Brisbane
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20
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Brown NEM, Milazzo M, Rastrick SPS, Hall-Spencer JM, Therriault TW, Harley CDG. Natural acidification changes the timing and rate of succession, alters community structure, and increases homogeneity in marine biofouling communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e112-e127. [PMID: 28762601 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification may have far-reaching consequences for marine community and ecosystem dynamics, but its full impacts remain poorly understood due to the difficulty of manipulating pCO2 at the ecosystem level to mimic realistic fluctuations that occur on a number of different timescales. It is especially unclear how quickly communities at various stages of development respond to intermediate-scale pCO2 change and, if high pCO2 is relieved mid-succession, whether past acidification effects persist, are reversed by alleviation of pCO2 stress, or are worsened by departures from prior high pCO2 conditions to which organisms had acclimatized. Here, we used reciprocal transplant experiments along a shallow water volcanic pCO2 gradient to assess the importance of the timing and duration of high pCO2 exposure (i.e., discrete events at different stages of successional development vs. continuous exposure) on patterns of colonization and succession in a benthic fouling community. We show that succession at the acidified site was initially delayed (less community change by 8 weeks) but then caught up over the next 4 weeks. These changes in succession led to homogenization of communities maintained in or transplanted to acidified conditions, and altered community structure in ways that reflected both short- and longer-term acidification history. These community shifts are likely a result of interspecific variability in response to increased pCO2 and changes in species interactions. High pCO2 altered biofilm development, allowing serpulids to do best at the acidified site by the end of the experiment, although early (pretransplant) negative effects of pCO2 on recruitment of these worms were still detectable. The ascidians Diplosoma sp. and Botryllus sp. settled later and were more tolerant to acidification. Overall, transient and persistent acidification-driven changes in the biofouling community, via both past and more recent exposure, could have important implications for ecosystem function and food web dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah E M Brown
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marco Milazzo
- DiSTeM, CoNISMa, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuel P S Rastrick
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Shimoda Marine Research Centre, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Christopher D G Harley
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Dijkstra JA, Westerman EL, Harris LG. Elevated seasonal temperatures eliminate thermal barriers of reproduction of a dominant invasive species: A community state change for northern communities? DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Dijkstra
- School of Marine Sciences and Ocean Engineering/Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping; University of New Hampshire; Durham NH USA
| | - Erica L. Westerman
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Larry G. Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham NH USA
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22
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Ashton GV, Morley SA, Barnes DKA, Clark MS, Peck LS. Warming by 1°C Drives Species and Assemblage Level Responses in Antarctica's Marine Shallows. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2698-2705.e3. [PMID: 28867203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Forecasting assemblage-level responses to climate change remains one of the greatest challenges in global ecology [1, 2]. Data from the marine realm are limited because they largely come from experiments using limited numbers of species [3], mesocosms whose interior conditions are unnatural [4], and long-term correlation studies based on historical collections [5]. We describe the first ever experiment to warm benthic assemblages to ecologically relevant levels in situ. Heated settlement panels were used to create three test conditions: ambient and 1°C and 2°C above ambient (predicted in the next 50 and 100 years, respectively [6]). We observed massive impacts on a marine assemblage, with near doubling of growth rates of Antarctic seabed life. Growth increases far exceed those expected from biological temperature relationships established more than 100 years ago by Arrhenius. These increases in growth resulted in a single "r-strategist" pioneer species (the bryozoan Fenestrulina rugula) dominating seabed spatial cover and drove a reduction in overall diversity and evenness. In contrast, a 2°C rise produced divergent responses across species growth, resulting in higher variability in the assemblage. These data extend our ability to expand, integrate, and apply our knowledge of the impact of temperature on biological processes to predict organism, species, and ecosystem level ecological responses to regional warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail V Ashton
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA.
| | - Simon A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK.
| | - David K A Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
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23
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Langer JAF, Sharma R, Schmidt SI, Bahrdt S, Horn HG, Algueró-Muñiz M, Nam B, Achterberg EP, Riebesell U, Boersma M, Thines M, Schwenk K. Community barcoding reveals little effect of ocean acidification on the composition of coastal plankton communities: Evidence from a long-term mesocosm study in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175808. [PMID: 28445483 PMCID: PMC5405915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidification of the oceans could potentially alter marine plankton communities with consequences for ecosystem functioning. While several studies have investigated effects of ocean acidification on communities using traditional methods, few have used genetic analyses. Here, we use community barcoding to assess the impact of ocean acidification on the composition of a coastal plankton community in a large scale, in situ, long-term mesocosm experiment. High-throughput sequencing resulted in the identification of a wide range of planktonic taxa (Alveolata, Cryptophyta, Haptophyceae, Fungi, Metazoa, Hydrozoa, Rhizaria, Straminipila, Chlorophyta). Analyses based on predicted operational taxonomical units as well as taxonomical compositions revealed no differences between communities in high CO2 mesocosms (~ 760 μatm) and those exposed to present-day CO2 conditions. Observed shifts in the planktonic community composition were mainly related to seasonal changes in temperature and nutrients. Furthermore, based on our investigations, the elevated CO2 did not affect the intraspecific diversity of the most common mesozooplankter, the calanoid copepod Pseudocalanus acuspes. Nevertheless, accompanying studies found temporary effects attributed to a raise in CO2. Differences in taxa composition between the CO2 treatments could, however, only be observed in a specific period of the experiment. Based on our genetic investigations, no compositional long-term shifts of the plankton communities exposed to elevated CO2 conditions were observed. Thus, we conclude that the compositions of planktonic communities, especially those in coastal areas, remain rather unaffected by increased CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. F. Langer
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturkunde, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne I. Schmidt
- University Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Science, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bahrdt
- University Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Science, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Henriette G. Horn
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Germany
| | - María Algueró-Muñiz
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Germany
| | - Bora Nam
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturkunde, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maarten Boersma
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marco Thines
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturkunde, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- University Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Science, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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24
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Brown NEM, Therriault TW, Harley CDG. Field-based experimental acidification alters fouling community structure and reduces diversity. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1328-39. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norah E. M. Brown
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Thomas W. Therriault
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Rd Nanaimo BC Canada
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