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Johnston EL, Guy-Von Stieglitz S, Zavan L, Cross J, Greening DW, Hill AF, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. The effect of altered pH growth conditions on the production, composition, and proteomes of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300269. [PMID: 37991474 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain cargo derived from their parent bacteria. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative human pathogen that produces urease to increase the pH of the surrounding environment to facilitate colonization of the gastric mucosa. However, the effect of acidic growth conditions on the production and composition of H. pylori OMVs is unknown. In this study, we examined the production, composition, and proteome of H. pylori OMVs produced during acidic and neutral pH growth conditions. H. pylori growth in acidic conditions reduced the quantity and size of OMVs produced. Additionally, OMVs produced during acidic growth conditions had increased protein, DNA, and RNA cargo compared to OMVs produced during neutral conditions. Proteomic analysis comparing the proteomes of OMVs to their parent bacteria demonstrated significant differences in the enrichment of beta-lactamases and outer membrane proteins between bacteria and OMVs, supporting that differing growth conditions impacts OMV composition. We also identified differences in the enrichment of proteins between OMVs produced during different pH growth conditions. Overall, our findings reveal that growth of H. pylori at different pH levels is a factor that alters OMV proteomes, which may affect their subsequent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella L Johnston
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sebastian Guy-Von Stieglitz
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lauren Zavan
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jonathon Cross
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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2
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Sedarat Z, Taylor-Robinson AW. Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Proteins and Virulence Factors: Potential Targets for Novel Therapies and Vaccines. Pathogens 2024; 13:392. [PMID: 38787244 PMCID: PMC11124246 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gastric oncopathogen that infects over half of the world's human population. It is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, helix-shaped bacterium that is equipped with flagella, which provide high motility. Colonization of the stomach is asymptomatic in up to 90% of people but is a recognized risk factor for developing various gastric disorders such as gastric ulcers, gastric cancer and gastritis. Invasion of the human stomach occurs via numerous virulence factors such as CagA and VacA. Similarly, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play an important role in H. pylori pathogenicity as a means to adapt to the epithelial environment and thereby facilitate infection. While some OMPs are porins, others are adhesins. The epithelial cell receptors SabA, BabA, AlpA, OipA, HopQ and HopZ have been extensively researched to evaluate their epidemiology, structure, role and genes. Moreover, numerous studies have been performed to seek to understand the complex relationship between these factors and gastric diseases. Associations exist between different H. pylori virulence factors, the co-expression of which appears to boost the pathogenicity of the bacterium. Improved knowledge of OMPs is a major step towards combatting this global disease. Here, we provide a current overview of different H. pylori OMPs and discuss their pathogenicity, epidemiology and correlation with various gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sedarat
- Cellular & Molecular Research Centre, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813833435, Iran;
| | - Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 67000, Vietnam
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1904, USA
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3
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Zhang F, Shi T, Zhang Z, Wang S, Liu J, Li Y, Wang X, Liu K, Guo L. An M cell-targeting recombinant L. lactis vaccine against four H. pylori adhesins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:231. [PMID: 38396242 PMCID: PMC10891252 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The acidic environment and enzyme degradation lead to oral vaccines often having little immune effect. Therefore, it is an attractive strategy to study an effective and safe oral vaccine delivery system that can promote gastrointestinal mucosal immune responses and inhibit antigen degradation. Moreover, the antigens uptake by microfold cells (M cells) is the determining step in initiating efficient immune responses. Therefore, M cell-targeting is one promising approach for enhancing oral vaccine potency. In the present study, an M cell-targeting L. lactis surface display system (plSAM) was built to favor the multivalent epitope vaccine antigen (FAdE) to achieve effective gastrointestinal mucosal immunity against Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, a recombinant Lactococcus lactic acid vaccine (LL-plSAM-FAdE) was successfully prepared, and its immunological properties and protective efficacy were analyzed. The results showed that LL-plSAM-FAdE can secretively express the recombinant proteins SAM-FAdE and display the SAM-FAdE on the bacterial cell surface. More importantly, LL-plSAM-FAdE effectively promoted the phagocytosis and transport of vaccine antigen by M cells in the gastrointestinal tract of mice, and simulated high levels of cellular and humoral immune responses against four key H. pylori adhesins (Urease, CagL, HpaA, and Lpp20) in the gastrointestinal tract, thus enabling effective prevention of H. pylori infection and to some extent eliminating H. pylori already present in the gastrointestinal tract. KEY POINTS: • M-cell-targeting L. lactis surface display system LL- plSAM was designed • This system displays H. pylori vaccine-promoted phagocytosis and transport of M cell • A promising vaccine candidate for controlling H. pylori infection was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furui Zhang
- School of Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tianyi Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Special Needs Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shue Wang
- School of Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xuequan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
| | - Kunmei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Le Guo
- School of Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Skakic I, Francis JE, Dekiwadia C, Aibinu I, Huq M, Taki AC, Walduck A, Smooker PM. An Evaluation of Urease A Subunit Nanocapsules as a Vaccine in a Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1652. [PMID: 38005984 PMCID: PMC10674275 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Using removable silica templates, protein nanocapsules comprising the A subunit of Helicobacter pylori urease (UreA) were synthesised. The templates were of two sizes, with solid core mesoporous shell (SC/MS) silica templates giving rise to nanocapsules of average diameter 510 nm and mesoporous (MS) silica templates giving rise to nanocapsules of average diameter 47 nm. Both were shown to be highly monodispersed and relatively homogenous in structure. Various combinations of the nanocapsules in formulation were assessed as vaccines in a mouse model of H. pylori infection. Immune responses were evaluated and protective efficacy assessed. It was demonstrated that vaccination of mice with the larger nanocapsules combined with an adjuvant was able to significantly reduce colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Skakic
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Jasmine E. Francis
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Ibukun Aibinu
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Department of Health, Science and Community, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Mohsina Huq
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya C. Taki
- Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Anna Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Peter M. Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Mi C, Deng X, Wang X, Hu D, Yin K, Yin C, Zhao L, Shan B. Identification of the immunogenic membrane proteins, catalase, PgbA, and PgbB, as potential antigens against Helicobacter pylori. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad218. [PMID: 37777837 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the specific membrane antigens that are targeted by antibodies raised against Helicobacter pylori. METHODS AND RESULTS Bovine milk antibodies were prepared using whole H. pylori, purified membrane proteins, or both. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments revealed that these immunogens triggered anti-H. pylori antibody production in milk. The highest antibody titer was induced by the mixture of whole bacteria and purified membrane proteins. The antibodies induced by mixed immunogens significantly inhibited H. pylori growth in vitro and were used to identify catalase, plasminogen-binding protein A (PgbA), and PgbB via western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and two-dimensional western blotting followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrophotometry. The immunogenicity of PgbA and PgbB was verified in mice vaccinated with their B-cell epitope vaccines. Following prophylactic vaccination of C57BL/6 mice, each of the three antigens alone and their combination reduced the weight loss in mice, increased antibody titers, and relieved the inflammatory status of the gastric mucosa following H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS Catalase, PgbA, and PgbB could serve as valuable membrane antigens for the development of anti-H. pylori immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Li
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Chaoyi Mi
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Xiaoqing Deng
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Dailun Hu
- Clinical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050020, China
| | - Kaige Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Changfu Yin
- Clinical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050020, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
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6
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Friedrich V, Gerhard M. Vaccination against Helicobacter pylori - An approach for cancer prevention? Mol Aspects Med 2023; 92:101183. [PMID: 37018869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection and the main cause of gastric cancer. Due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori, the development of an efficacious vaccine is a valid option to protect from disease or infection and ultimately prevent gastric cancer. However, despite more than 30 years of research, no vaccine has entered the market yet. This review highlights the most relevant previous preclinical and clinical studies to allow conclusions to be drawn on which parameters need special attention in the future to develop an efficacious vaccine against H. pylori and thus prevent gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Friedrich
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Trogerstrasse 30, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Trogerstrasse 30, Munich 81675, Germany.
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7
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Zhang Y, Li X, Shan B, Zhang H, Zhao L. Perspectives from recent advances of Helicobacter pylori vaccines research. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12926. [PMID: 36134470 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main factor leading to some gastric diseases. Currently, H. pylori infection is primarily treated with antibiotics. However, with the widespread application of antibiotics, H. pylori resistance to antibiotics has also gradually increased year by year. Vaccines may be an alternative solution to clear H. pylori. AIMS By reviewing the recent progress on H. pylori vaccines, we expected it to lead to more research efforts to accelerate breakthroughs in this field. MATERIALS & METHODS We searched the research on H. pylori vaccine in recent years through PubMed®, and then classified and summarized these studies. RESULTS The study of the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori has led to the development of vaccines using some antigens, such as urease, catalase, and heat shock protein (Hsp). Based on these antigens, whole-cell, subunit, nucleic acid, vector, and H. pylori exosome vaccines have been tested. DISCUSSION At present, researchers have developed many types of vaccines, such as whole cell vaccines, subunit vaccines, vector vaccines, etc. However, although some of these vaccines induced protective immunity in mouse models, only a few were able to move into human trials. We propose that mRNA vaccine may play an important role in preventing or treating H. pylori infection. The current study shows that we have developed various types of vaccines based on the virulence factors of H. pylori. However, only a few vaccines have entered human clinical trials. In order to improve the efficacy of vaccines, it is necessary to enhance T-cell immunity. CONCLUSION We should fully understand the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori and find its core antigen as a vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Dieye Y, Nguer CM, Thiam F, Diouara AAM, Fall C. Recombinant Helicobacter pylori Vaccine Delivery Vehicle: A Promising Tool to Treat Infections and Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121701. [PMID: 36551358 PMCID: PMC9774608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health threat. Experts agree that unless proper actions are taken, the number of deaths due to AMR will increase. Many strategies are being pursued to tackle AMR, one of the most important being the development of efficient vaccines. Similar to other bacterial pathogens, AMR in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is rising worldwide. Hp infects half of the human population and its prevalence ranges from <10% in developed countries to up to 90% in low-income countries. Currently, there is no vaccine available for Hp. This review provides a brief summary of the use of antibiotic-based treatment for Hp infection and its related AMR problems together with a brief description of the status of vaccine development for Hp. It is mainly dedicated to genetic tools and strategies that can be used to develop an oral recombinant Hp vaccine delivery platform that is (i) completely attenuated, (ii) can survive, synthesize in situ and deliver antigens, DNA vaccines, and adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells at the gastric mucosa, and (iii) possibly activate desired compartments of the gut-associated mucosal immune system. Recombinant Hp vaccine delivery vehicles can be used for therapeutic or prophylactic vaccination for Hp and other microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakhya Dieye
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
- Pôle de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +221-784-578-766
| | - Cheikh Momar Nguer
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
| | - Fatou Thiam
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
| | - Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Fall
- Pôle de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
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Firdaus FZ, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Developments in Vaccine Adjuvants. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:145-178. [PMID: 34918245 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines, require the use of an immunostimulator/adjuvant for maximum efficacy. Adjuvants not only enhance the strength and longevity of immune responses but may also influence the type of response. In this chapter, we review the adjuvants that are available for use in human vaccines, such as alum, MF59, AS03, and AS01. We extensively discuss their composition, characteristics, mechanism of action, and effects on the immune system. Additionally, we summarize recent trends in adjuvant discovery, providing a brief overview of saponins, TLRs agonists, polysaccharides, nanoparticles, cytokines, and mucosal adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrhana Ziana Firdaus
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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10
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Mohammadzadeh R, Soleimanpour S, Pishdadian A, Farsiani H. Designing and development of epitope-based vaccines against Helicobacter pylori. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:489-512. [PMID: 34559599 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1979934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the principal cause of serious diseases (e.g. gastric cancer and peptic ulcers). Antibiotic therapy is an inadequate strategy in H. pylori eradication because of which vaccination is an inevitable approach. Despite the presence of countless vaccine candidates, current vaccines in clinical trials have performed with poor efficacy which makes vaccination extremely challenging. Remarkable advancements in immunology and pathogenic biology have provided an appropriate opportunity to develop various epitope-based vaccines. The fusion of proper antigens involved in different aspects of H. pylori colonization and pathogenesis as well as peptide linkers and built-in adjuvants results in producing epitope-based vaccines with excellent therapeutic efficacy and negligible adverse effects. Difficulties of the in vitro culture of H. pylori, high genetic variation, and unfavourable immune responses against feeble epitopes in the complete antigen are major drawbacks of current vaccine strategies that epitope-based vaccines may overcome. Besides decreasing the biohazard risk, designing precise formulations, saving time and cost, and induction of maximum immunity with minimum adverse effects are the advantages of epitope-based vaccines. The present article is a comprehensive review of strategies for designing and developing epitope-based vaccines to provide insights into the innovative vaccination against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Pishdadian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Dos Santos Viana I, Cordeiro Santos ML, Santos Marques H, Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Bittencourt de Brito B, França da Silva FA, Oliveira E Silva N, Dantas Pinheiro F, Fernandes Teixeira A, Tanajura Costa D, Oliveira Souza B, Lima Souza C, Vasconcelos Oliveira M, Freire de Melo F. Vaccine development against Helicobacter pylori: from ideal antigens to the current landscape. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:989-999. [PMID: 34139141 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1945450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The interest of the world scientific community for an effective vaccine against Helicobacter pylori infection arises from its high prevalence and association with many diseases. Moreover, with an immunological response that is not always effective for the eradication of the bacteria and an increasing antibiotic resistance in the treatment of this infection, the search for a vaccine and new therapeutic modalities to control this infection is urgent.Areas covered: We bring an overview of the infection worldwide, discussing its prevalence, increasing resistance to antibiotics used in its therapy, in addition to the response of the immune system to the infection registered so far. Moreover, we address the most used antigens and their respective immunological responses expected or registered up to now. Finally, we address the trials and their partial results in development for such vaccines.Expert opinion: Although several studies for the development of an effective vaccine against this pathogen are taking place, many are still in the preclinical phase or even without updated information. In this sense, taking into account the high prevalence and association with important comorbidities, the interest of the pharmaceutical industry in developing an effective vaccine against this pathogen is questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Davi Tanajura Costa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Briza Oliveira Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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12
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Xie J, Wen J, Chen C, Luo M, Hu B, Wu D, Ye J, Lin Y, Ning L, Ning Y, Li Y. Notch 1 Is Involved in CD4 + T Cell Differentiation Into Th1 Subtype During Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:575271. [PMID: 33224898 PMCID: PMC7667190 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.575271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces CD4+ T differentiation cells into IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells. However, the details of mechanism underlying this process remain unclear. Notch signal pathway has been reported to regulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 subtype in many Th1-mediated inflammatory disorders but not yet in H. pylori infection. In the present study, the mRNA expression pattern of CD4+ T cells in H. pylori-infected patients differed from that of healthy control using Human Signal Transduction Pathway Finder RT2 Profiler PCR Array, and this alteration was associated with Notch signal pathway, as analyzed by Bioinformation. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expression of Notch1 and its target gene Hes-1 in CD4+ T cells of H. pylori-infected individuals increased compared with the healthy controls. In addition, the mRNA expression of Th1 master transcription factor T-bet and Th1 signature cytokine IFN-γ was both upregulated in H. pylori-infected individuals and positively correlated with Notch1 expression. The increased protein level of Notch1 and IFN-γ were also observed in H. pylori-infected individuals confirmed by flow cytometry and ELISA. In vitro, inhibition of Notch signaling decreased the mRNA expression of Notch1, Hes-1, T-bet, and IFN-γ, and reduced the protein levels of Notch1 and IFN-γ and the secretion of IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells stimulated by H. pylori. Collectively, this is the first evidence that Notch1 is upregulated and involved in the differentiation of Th1 cells during H. pylori infection, which will facilitate exploiting Notch1 as a therapeutic target for the control of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Xinhui People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Junjie Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxi Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqun Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlin Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Liu Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Song Z, Li R, Ruan H, Huang X. Orally-administered outer-membrane vesicles from Helicobacter pylori reduce H. pylori infection via Th2-biased immune responses in mice. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5567182. [PMID: 31504509 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As the trend of antibiotic resistance has increased, prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection have been challenged by the fact that no vaccines preventing H. pylori infection are available. Scientists continue to make sustained efforts to find better vaccine formulations and adjuvants to eradicate this chronic infection. In this study, we systemically analyzed the protein composition and potential vaccine function of outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from gerbil-adapted H. pylori strain 7.13. In total, we identified 169 proteins in H. pylori OMVs and found that outer-membrane, periplasmic and extracellular proteins (48.9% of the total proteins) were enriched. Furthermore, we evaluated the immune protective response of H. pylori OMVs in a C57BL/6 mouse model, and mice were orally immunized with OMVs or the H. pylori whole cell vaccine (WCV) alone, with or without cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. The data demonstrated that oral immunization with OMVs can elicit a strong humoral and significantly higher mucosal immune response than the group immunized with the WCV plus the CT adjuvant. Moreover, our results also confirmed that OMVs predominantly induced T helper 2 (Th2)-biased immune responses that can significantly reduce bacterial loads after challenging with the H. pylori Sydney Strain 1 (SS1). In summary, OMVs as new antigen candidates in vaccine design would be of great value in controlling H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Yingxuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Zifan Song
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Ruizhen Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Huan Ruan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
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14
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Sun N, Zhang R, Duan G, Peng X, Wang C, Chen S, Fan Q. A food-grade engineered Lactococcus lactis strain delivering Helicobacter pylori Lpp20 alleviates bacterial infection in H. pylori-challenged mice. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1415-1421. [PMID: 31620902 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a food-grade bacterium producing and delivering H. pylori Lpp20 antigen and evaluate its immune efficacy against H. pylori challenges with aim to develop anti-H. pylori oral vaccines and functional foods. RESULTS Lpp20 was expressed as a 22 kDa protein in Lactococcus lactis, constituting 11.2% of the cell lysate proteins, and recognized by mouse antisera. Mice orally gavaged with the engineered bacterium had elevated serum IgG levels and lowered urease activity of stomach following H. pylori challenges. CONCLUSIONS This study firstly reports a food-grade L. lactis strain delivering Lpp20 to mucosal immunization sites, demonstrating a novel efficient production and safe utilization mode of Lpp20, offering a promising vaccine candidate and health food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qingtang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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15
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Keikha M, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Ghasemian A, Karbalaei M. Potential antigen candidates for subunit vaccine development against
Helicobacter pylori
infection. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21460-21470. [PMID: 31188484 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu‐Ali Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Cancer Research Center Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Department of Biology, Tehran Central Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Jiroft University of Medical Sciences Jiroft Iran
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16
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Guo L, Hong D, Wang S, Zhang F, Tang F, Wu T, Chu Y, Liu H, He M, Yang H, Yin R, Liu K. Therapeutic Protection Against H. pylori Infection in Mongolian Gerbils by Oral Immunization With a Tetravalent Epitope-Based Vaccine With Polysaccharide Adjuvant. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1185. [PMID: 31191547 PMCID: PMC6546824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease is an effective target for design of a therapeutic epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In our previous studies, an epitope vaccine CTB-UE containing Th and B epitopes from H. pylori urease was constructed, and the CTB-UE vaccine could provide therapeutic effect on H. pylori infection in mice. However, a multivalent vaccine, combining different antigens participating in different aspects of H. pylori colonization and pathogenesis, may be more effective as a therapeutic vaccine than a univalent vaccine targetting urease. Therefore, a multivalent epitope vaccine FVpE, containing Th1-type immune adjuvant NAP, three selected functional fragments from CagA and VacA, and an urease multi-epitope peptide (UE) from CTB-UE, was constructed in this study and expected to obtain better sterilizing immunity than the univalent epitope vaccine CTB-UE. The therapeutic effect of multivalent epitope vaccine FVpE with polysaccharide adjuvant (PA) was evaluated in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbil model. The results showed that both FvpE and CTB-UE vaccine could induce similar levels of specific antibodies against H. pylori urease, and had similar inhibition effect on H. pylori urease activity. However, only FVpE could induce high levels of specific antibodies to CagA, VacA, and NAP. In addition, oral therapeutic immunization with FVpE plus PA significantly reduced the number of H. pylori colonies in the stomach of Mongolian gerbils compared with oral immunization with CTB-UE plus PA, or FVpE only, and the FVpE vaccine with PA even exhibited sterilizing immunity. The protection of FVpE was related to the mixed CD4+ T cell responses and epitope-specific antibodies against various H. pylori antigens. These results indicate that a multivalent epitope vaccine targetting various H. pylori antigens could be a promising candidate against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dantong Hong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuankui Chu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hongpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Runting Yin
- Center for Cell Therapy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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17
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Karkhah A, Ebrahimpour S, Rostamtabar M, Koppolu V, Darvish S, Vasigala VKR, Validi M, Nouri HR. Helicobacter pylori evasion strategies of the host innate and adaptive immune responses to survive and develop gastrointestinal diseases. Microbiol Res 2018; 218:49-57. [PMID: 30454658 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterial pathogen that resides in more than half of the human population and has co-evolved with humans for more than 58,000 years. This bacterium is orally transmitted during childhood and is a key cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and two malignant cancers including MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. Despite the strong innate and adaptive immune responses, H. pylori has a long-term survival in the gastric mucosa. In addition to the virulence factors, survival of H. pylori is strongly influenced by the ability of bacteria to escape, disrupt and manipulate the host immune system. This bacterium can escape from recognition by innate immune receptors via altering its surface molecules. Moreover, H. pylori subverts adaptive immune response by modulation of effector T cell. In this review, we discuss the immune-pathogenicity of H. pylori by focusing on its ability to manipulate the innate and acquired immune responses to increase its survival in the gastric mucosa, leading up to gastrointestinal disorders. We also highlight the mechanisms that resulted to the persistence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Karkhah
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Rostamtabar
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Veerendra Koppolu
- Scientist Biopharmaceutical Development Medimmune Gaithersburg, MD, 20878 USA
| | - Sorena Darvish
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Majid Validi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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18
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Antonio-Herrera L, Badillo-Godinez O, Medina-Contreras O, Tepale-Segura A, García-Lozano A, Gutierrez-Xicotencatl L, Soldevila G, Esquivel-Guadarrama FR, Idoyaga J, Bonifaz LC. The Nontoxic Cholera B Subunit Is a Potent Adjuvant for Intradermal DC-Targeted Vaccination. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2212. [PMID: 30319653 PMCID: PMC6171476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are major players in the immune response against several diseases; including AIDS, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, influenza and cancer. Their activation has been successfully achieved by administering antigen coupled with antibodies, against DC-specific receptors in combination with adjuvants. Unfortunately, most of the adjuvants used so far in experimental models are unsuitable for human use. Therefore, human DC-targeted vaccination awaits the description of potent, yet nontoxic adjuvants. The nontoxic cholera B subunit (CTB) can be safely used in humans and it has the potential to activate CD4+ T cell responses. However, it remains unclear whether CTB can promote DC activation and can act as an adjuvant for DC-targeted antigens. Here, we evaluated the CTB's capacity to activate DCs and CD4+ T cell responses, and to generate long-lasting protective immunity. Intradermal (i.d.) administration of CTB promoted late and prolonged activation and accumulation of skin and lymphoid-resident DCs. When CTB was co-administered with anti-DEC205-OVA, it promoted CD4+ T cell expansion, differentiation, and infiltration to peripheral nonlymphoid tissues, i.e., the skin, lungs and intestine. Indeed, CTB promoted a polyfunctional CD4+ T cell response, including the priming of Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as resident memory T (RM) cell differentiation in peripheral nonlymphoid tissues. It is worth noting that CTB together with a DC-targeted antigen promoted local and systemic protection against experimental melanoma and murine rotavirus. We conclude that CTB administered i.d. can be used as an adjuvant to DC-targeted antigens for the induction of broad CD4+ T cell responses as well as for promoting long-lasting protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Antonio-Herrera
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Badillo-Godinez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, SS, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Mexico Children's Hospital "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Tepale-Segura
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto García-Lozano
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Ning Y, Ye J, Wen J, Wu D, Chen Z, Lin Y, Hu B, Luo M, Luo J, Ning L, Li Y. Identification of Two Lpp20 CD4 + T Cell Epitopes in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Subjects. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:884. [PMID: 29875738 PMCID: PMC5974113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells play an essential role in effective immunity against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Lpp20, a conserved lipoprotein of H. pylori, has been investigated as one of major protective antigens for vaccination strategies. Our previous study identified two H-2d-restricted CD4+ T cell epitopes within Lpp20 and an epitope vaccine based on these epitopes was constructed, which protected mice in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against H. pylori infection. Immunodominant CD4+ T cell response is an important feature of antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor cellular immunity. However, while many immunodominant HLA-restricted CD4+ T cell epitopes of H. pylori protective antigens have been identified, immunodominant HLA-restricted Lpp20 CD4+ T cell epitope has not been elucidated. In this study, a systematic method was used to comprehensively evaluate the immunodominant Lpp20-specific CD4+ T cell response in H. pylori-infected patients. Using in vitro recombinant Lpp20 (rLpp20)-specific expanded T cell lines from H. pylori-infected subjects and 27 18mer overlapping synthetic peptides spanned the whole Lpp20 protein, we have shown that L55-72 and L79-96 harbored dominant epitopes for CD4+ T cell responses. Then the core sequence within these two 18mer dominant epitopes was screened by various extended or truncated 13mer peptides. The immunodominant epitope was mapped to L57-69 and L83-95. Various Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs) with different HLA alleles were used as antigen presenting cell (APC) to present peptides to CD4+ T cells. The restriction molecules were determined by HLA class-antibody blocking. L57-69 was restricted by DRB1-1501 and L83-95 by DRB1-1602. The epitopes were recognized on autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with rLpp20 but also those pulsed with whole cell lysates of H. pylori (HP-WCL), suggesting that these epitopes are naturally processed and presented by APC. CD4+ T cells were isolated from H. pylori-infected patients and stimulated with L57-69 and L83-95. These two epitopes were able to stimulate CD4+ T cell proliferation. This study may be of value for the future development of potential H. pylori vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlin Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongbiao Chen
- Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yanqing Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqun Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Sutton P, Boag JM. Status of vaccine research and development for Helicobacter pylori. Vaccine 2018; 37:7295-7299. [PMID: 29627231 PMCID: PMC6892279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is globally the third leading cause of death due to malignancy, with the bulk of this disease burden being suffered by low and middle income countries (LMIC), especially in Asia. The majority of these cancers develop as a result of a chronic gastritis that arises in response to infection with the stomach-dwelling bacterium, Helicobacter pylori. A vaccine against this pathogen would therefore be a powerful tool for preventing gastric adenocarcinoma. However, notwithstanding a proof-of-concept that vaccination can protect children from acquisition of H. pylori infection, there are currently no advanced vaccine candidates with only a single vaccine in Phase I clinical trial. Further, the development of a vaccine against H. pylori is not a current strategic priority of major pharmaceutical companies despite the large global disease burden. Given the involvement of such companies is likely to be critical for late stage development, there is therefore a need for an increased appreciation of the burden of this disease in LMIC and more investment to reinvigorate research in H. pylori vaccine Research and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sutton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Boag
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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21
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Guo L, Yin R, Xu G, Gong X, Chang Z, Hong D, Liu H, Ding S, Han X, Li Y, Tang F, Liu K. Immunologic properties and therapeutic efficacy of a multivalent epitope-based vaccine against four Helicobacter pylori adhesins (urease, Lpp20, HpaA, and CagL) in Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28851031 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic vaccination is a desirable alternative for controlling Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Attachment to the gastric mucosa is the first step in establishing bacterial colonization, and adhesins, which are on the surface of H. pylori, play a pivotal role in binding to human gastric mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we constructed a multivalent epitope-based vaccine named CFAdE with seven carefully selected antigenic fragments from four H. pylori adhesins (urease, Lpp20, HpaA and CagL). The specificity, immunogenicity and ability to produce neutralizing antibodies of CFAdE were evaluated in BALB/c mice. After that, its therapeutic efficacy and protective immune mechanisms were explored in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils. RESULTS The results indicated that CFAdE could induce comparatively high levels of specific antibodies against urease, Lpp20, HpaA and CagL. Additionally, oral therapeutic immunization with CFAdE plus polysaccharide adjuvant (PA) significantly decreased H. pylori colonization compared with oral immunization with urease plus PA, and the protection was correlated with IgG and sIgA antibody and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the multivalent epitope-based vaccine, which targeted multiple adhesins in adherence of H. pylori to the gastric mucosa, is more effective than the univalent vaccine targeting urease only. This multivalent epitope-based vaccine may be a promising therapeutic candidate vaccine against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Runting Yin
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zisong Chang
- Dr. Notghi Contract Research GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dantong Hong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hongpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuebo Han
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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22
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Helicobacter pylori antigenic Lpp20 is a structural homologue of Tipα and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3263-3271. [PMID: 28947343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that affects about 50% of the world population and, despite being often asymptomatic, it is responsible of several gastric diseases, from gastritis to gastric cancer. The protein Lpp20 (HP1456) plays an important role in bacterium survival and host colonization, but the possibility that it might be involved in the etiology of H. pylori-related disorders is an unexplored issue. Lpp20 is a lipoprotein bound to the external membrane of the bacterium, but it is also secreted inside vesicles along with other two proteins of the same operon, i.e. HP1454 and HP1457. RESULTS In this study we determined the crystal structure of Lpp20 and we found that it has a fold similar to a carcinogenic factor released by H. pylori, namely Tipα. We demonstrate that Lpp20 promotes cell migration and E-cadherin down-regulation in gastric cancer cells, two events recalling the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Differently from Tipα, Lpp20 also stimulates cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This identifies Lpp20 as a new pathogenic factor produced by H. pylori that promotes EMT and thereby the progression of cancer to the metastatic state.
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Meza B, Ascencio F, Sierra-Beltrán AP, Torres J, Angulo C. A novel design of a multi-antigenic, multistage and multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori: An in silico approach. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 49:309-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mirzaei N, Poursina F, Moghim S, Rashidi N, Ghasemian Safaei H. The study of H. pylori putative candidate factors for single- and multi-component vaccine development. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:631-650. [PMID: 28581361 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1291578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has grown to colonize inside the stomach of nearly half of the world's population, turning into the most prevalent infections in the universe. Medical care failures noticeably confirm the need for a vaccine to hinder or deal with H. pylori. This review is planned to discuss the most known factors as a vaccine candidate, including single (AhpC, BG, CagA, KatA, Fla, Hsp, HWC, Lpp, LPS, NAP, OMP, OMV, SOD, Tpx, Urease, VacA) and multi-component vaccines. Many promising results in the field of single and multivalent vaccine can be seen, but there is no satisfactory outcome and neither a prophylactic nor a therapeutic vaccine to treat or eradicate the infection in human has been acquired. Hence, selecting suitable antigen is an important factor as an appropriate adjuvant. Taken all together, the development of efficient anti-H. pylori vaccines relies on the fully understanding of the interactions between H. pylori and its host immune system. Therefore, more work should be done on epitope mapping, analysis of molecular structure, and determination of the antigen determinant region as well due to design a vaccine, preferably a multi-component vaccine to elicit specific CD4 T-cell responses that are required for H. pylori vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Mirzaei
- a Department of Microbiology , Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tonekabon , Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Poursina
- b Department of Microbiology , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- b Department of Microbiology , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- c Department of Laboratory Sciences , Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Zhang R, Peng X, Duan G, Shi Q, Chen S, Wang C, Fan Q, Xi Y. An engineered Lactococcus lactis strain exerts significant immune responses through efficient expression and delivery of Helicobacter pylori Lpp20 antigen. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:2169-2175. [PMID: 27646988 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To produce and deliver Helicobacter pylori lipoprotein Lpp20 via using Lactococcus lactis with aim of developing an efficient way to use this protective antigen in vaccine formulation. RESULTS An engineered L. lactis strain carrying the lpp20 gene from H. pylori was constructed. The inducible expression of Lpp20 in L. lactis was detected as a 20 kDa intracellular protein by SDS-PAGE. Lpp20 constituted 10 % of the L. lactis cellular proteins. The expression product was highly immunoreactive, as demonstrated by western blot assays using mouse anti-H. pylori sera. Animal experimentation showed that oral vaccination with the engineered strain excited significantly elevated levels of serum Lpp20-specific IgG antibodies in BALB/c mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This report presents the first efficient expression and delivery of whole Lpp20 protein to the immunization sites by using L. lactis, demonstrating an efficient utilization mode of Lpp20 in anti-H. pylori vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Henan Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Henan Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Qingfeng Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qingtang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuanlin Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Velin D, Straubinger K, Gerhard M. Inflammation, immunity, and vaccines for Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2016; 21 Suppl 1:26-9. [PMID: 27531535 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tight control of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the stomach mucosa during chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is of prime importance for the bacteria to persist and for the host to prevent inflammation-driven diseases. This review summarizes recent data on the roles of innate and adaptive immune responses during H. pylori/host interactions. In addition, the latest preclinical developments of H. pylori vaccines are discussed with a special focus on the clinical trial reported by Zeng et al., who provided evidence that oral vaccination significantly reduces the acquisition of natural H. pylori infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Velin
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Gerhard
- ImevaX GmbH, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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