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Lin Q, Lin S, Fan Z, Liu J, Ye D, Guo P. A Review of the Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of the Mammal Gut. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1026. [PMID: 38792855 PMCID: PMC11124445 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy animal intestine hosts a diverse population of bacteria in a symbiotic relationship. These bacteria utilize nutrients in the host's intestinal environment for growth and reproduction. In return, they assist the host in digesting and metabolizing nutrients, fortifying the intestinal barrier, defending against potential pathogens, and maintaining gut health. Bacterial colonization is a crucial aspect of this interaction between bacteria and the intestine and involves the attachment of bacteria to intestinal mucus or epithelial cells through nonspecific or specific interactions. This process primarily relies on adhesins. The binding of bacterial adhesins to host receptors is a prerequisite for the long-term colonization of bacteria and serves as the foundation for the pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. Intervening in the adhesion and colonization of bacteria in animal intestines may offer an effective approach to treating gastrointestinal diseases and preventing pathogenic infections. Therefore, this paper reviews the situation and mechanisms of bacterial colonization, the colonization characteristics of various bacteria, and the factors influencing bacterial colonization. The aim of this study was to serve as a reference for further research on bacteria-gut interactions and improving animal gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Lin
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Shiying Lin
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zitao Fan
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Dingcheng Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Pingting Guo
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
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Martini C, Araba V, Beniani M, Armoa Ortiz P, Simmons M, Chalbi M, Mellouk A, El Bakkouri M, Calmettes C. Unraveling the crystal structure of the HpaA adhesin: insights into cell adhesion function and epitope localization of a Helicobacter pylori vaccine candidate. mBio 2024; 15:e0295223. [PMID: 38376163 PMCID: PMC10936181 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02952-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that exhibits strict host restriction to humans and non-human primates, and the bacterium is widely acknowledged as a significant etiological factor in the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancers. The pathogenic potential of this organism lies in its adeptness at colonizing the gastric mucosa, which is facilitated by a diverse repertoire of virulence factors, including adhesins that promote the attachment of the bacteria to the gastric epithelium. Among these adhesins, HpaA stands out due to its conserved nature and pivotal role in establishing H. pylori colonization. Moreover, this lipoprotein holds promise as an antigen for the development of effective H. pylori vaccines, thus attracting considerable attention for in-depth investigations into its molecular function and identification of binding determinants. Here, we present the elucidation of the crystallographic structure of HpaA at 2.9 Å resolution. The folding adopts an elongated protein shape, which is distinctive to the Helicobacteraceae family, and features an apical domain extension that plays a critical role in the cell-adhesion activity on gastric epithelial cells. Our study also demonstrates the ability of HpaA to induce TNF-α expression in macrophages, highlighting a novel role as an immunoregulatory effector promoting the pro-inflammatory response in vitro. These findings not only contribute to a deeper comprehension of the multifaceted role of HpaA in H. pylori pathogenesis but also establish a fundamental basis for the design and development of structure-based derivatives, aimed at enhancing the efficacy of H. pylori vaccines. IMPORTANCE Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that can cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancers. The bacterium adheres to the lining of the stomach using proteins called adhesins. One of these proteins, HpaA, is particularly important for H. pylori colonization and is considered a promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infections. In this work, we determined the atomic structure of HpaA, identifying a characteristic protein fold to the Helicobacter family and delineating specific amino acids that are crucial to support the attachment to the gastric cells. Additionally, we discovered that HpaA can trigger the production of TNF-α, a proinflammatory molecule, in macrophages. These findings provide valuable insights into how H. pylori causes disease and suggest that HpaA has a dual role in both attachment and immune activation. This knowledge could contribute to the development of improved vaccine strategies for preventing H. pylori infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Martini
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Victoria Araba
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Meriem Beniani
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Paula Armoa Ortiz
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mimi Simmons
- National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariem Chalbi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Abdelkader Mellouk
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Majida El Bakkouri
- National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Calmettes
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Québec city, Québec, Canada
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3
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Chen S, Zhao H, Tian Y, Wu Q, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Li B, Chen S, Wang Z, Xiao R, Ji X. Antagonizing roles of SHP1 in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13066. [PMID: 38468575 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHP1 has been documented as a tumor suppressor and it was thought to play an antagonistic role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. In this study, the exact mechanism of this antagonistic action was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGS, MGC803, and GES-1 cells were infected with H. pylori, intracellular distribution changes of SHP1 were first detected by immunofluorescence. SHP1 overexpression and knockdown were then constructed in these cells to investigate its antagonistic roles in H. pylori infection. Migration and invasion of infected cells were detected by transwell assay, secretion of IL-8 was examined via ELISA, the cells with hummingbird-like alteration were determined by microexamination, and activation of JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, and ERK pathways were detected by immunoblotting. Mice infection model was established and gastric pathological changes were evaluated. Finally, the SHP1 activator sorafenib was used to analyze the attenuating effect of SHP1 activation on H. pylori pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The sub-localization of SHP1 changed after H. pylori infection, specifically that the majority of the cytoplasmic SHP1 was transferred to the cell membrane. SHP1 inhibited H. pylori-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway, PI3K/Akt pathway, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and then reduced EMT, migration, invasion, and IL-8 secretion. In addition, SHP1 inhibited the formation of CagA-SHP2 complex by dephosphorylating phosphorylated CagA, reduced ERK phosphorylation and the formation of CagA-dependent hummingbird-like cells. In the mice infection model, gastric pathological changes were observed and increased IL-8 secretion, indicators of cell proliferation and EMT progression were also detected. By activating SHP1 with sorafenib, a significant curative effect against H. pylori infection was obtained in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SHP1 plays an antagonistic role in H. pylori pathogenesis by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and CagA phosphorylation, thereby reducing cell EMT, migration, invasion, IL-8 secretion, and hummingbird-like changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Yue Tian
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Wu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | | | | | - Ying Zhang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Boqing Li
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Ruoyu Xiao
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Paes Dutra JA, Gonçalves Carvalho S, Soares de Oliveira A, Borges Monteiro JR, Rodrigues Pereira de Oliveira Borlot J, Tavares Luiz M, Bauab TM, Rezende Kitagawa R, Chorilli M. Microparticles and nanoparticles-based approaches to improve oral treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37897442 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2274835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped, flagellated bacterium that colonizes the stomach of half the world's population. Helicobacter pylori infection causes pathologies of varying severity. Standard oral therapy fails in 15-20% since the barriers of the oral route decrease the bioavailability of antibiotics and the intrinsic factors of bacteria increase the rates of resistance. Nanoparticles and microparticles are promising strategies for drug delivery into the gastric mucosa and targeting H. pylori. The variety of building blocks creates systems with distinct colloidal, surface, and biological properties. These features improve drug-pathogen interactions, eliminate drug depletion and overuse, and enable the association of multiple actives combating H. pylori on several fronts. Nanoparticles and microparticles are successfully used to overcome the barriers of the oral route, physicochemical inconveniences, and lack of selectivity of current therapy. They have proven efficient in employing promising anti-H. pylori compounds whose limitation is oral route instability, such as some antibiotics and natural products. However, the current challenge is the applicability of these strategies in clinical practice. For this reason, strategies employing a rational design are necessary, including in the development of nano- and microsystems for the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Tais Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Chaleshtori ZA, Rastegari AA, Nayeri H, Doosti A. Use of immunoinformatics and the simulation approach to identify Helicobacter pylori epitopes to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for B- and T-cells. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:42. [PMID: 37759228 PMCID: PMC10537100 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori cause a variety of gastric malignancies, gastric ulcers, and cause erosive diseases. The extreme nature of the bacterium and the implantation of this bacterium protects it against designing a potent drug against it. Therefore, employing a precise and effective design for a more safe and stable antigenic vaccine against this pathogen can effectively control its associated infections. This study, aimed at improving the design of multiple subunit vaccines against H. pylori, adopts multiple immunoinformatics approaches in combination with other computational approaches. RESULTS In this regard, 10 HTL, and 11 CTL epitopes were employed based on appropriate adopted MHC binding scores and c-terminal cut-off scores of 4 main selected proteins (APO, LeoA, IceA1, and IceA2). An adjuvant was added to the N end of the vaccine to achieve higher stability. For validation, immunogenicity and sensitization of physicochemical analyses were performed. The vaccine could be antigenic with significantly strong interactions with TOLK-2, 4, 5, and 9 receptors. The designed vaccine was subjected to Gromacs simulation and immune response prediction modelling that confirmed expression and immune-stimulating response efficiency. Besides, the designed vaccine showed better interactions with TLK-9. CONCLUSIONS Based on our analyses, although the suggested vaccine could induce a clear response against H. pylori, precise laboratory validation is required to confirm its immunogenicity and safety status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Asghar Rastegari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hashem Nayeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Gao Y, Wang R, Liu L, Feng S, Xi X, Yu W, Gu Y, Wang Y. Identification and characterization of shark VNARs targeting the Helicobacter pylori adhesin HpaA. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:509-519. [PMID: 37695066 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2255635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is recognized as a pathogen associated with several gastrointestinal diseases. The current treatments exhibit numerous drawbacks, including antibiotic resistance. H. pylori can adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa through H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA), and antibodies against HpaA may be an effective therapeutic approach. The variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (VNAR) is a novel type of single-domain antibody with a small size, good stability, and easy manufacturability. This study isolated VNARs against HpaA from an immune shark VNAR phage display library. The VNARs can bind both recombinant and native HpaA proteins. The VNARs, 2A2 and 3D6, showed high binding affinities to HpaA with different epitopes. Furthermore, homodimeric bivalent VNARs, biNb-2A2 and biNb-3D6, were constructed to enhance the binding affinity. The biNb-2A2 and biNb-3D6 had excellent stability at gastrointestinal pH conditions. Finally, a sandwich ELISA assay was developed to quantify the HpaA protein using BiNb-2A2 as the capture antibody and BiNb-3D6 as the detection antibody. This study provides a potential foundation for novel alternative approaches to treatment or diagnostics applications of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Gao
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shitao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Xi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Gu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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Li S, Zhao W, Xia L, Kong L, Yang L. How Long Will It Take to Launch an Effective Helicobacter pylori Vaccine for Humans? Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3787-3805. [PMID: 37342435 PMCID: PMC10278649 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s412361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection often occurs in early childhood, and can last a lifetime if not treated with medication. H. pylori infection can also cause a variety of stomach diseases, which can only be treated with a combination of antibiotics. Combinations of antibiotics can cure H. pylori infection, but it is easy to relapse and develop drug resistance. Therefore, a vaccine is a promising strategy for prevention and therapy for the infection of H. pylori. After decades of research and development, there has been no appearance of any H. pylori vaccine reaching the market, unfortunately. This review summarizes the aspects of candidate antigens, immunoadjuvants, and delivery systems in the long journey of H. pylori vaccine research, and also introduces some clinical trials that have displayed encouraging or depressing results. Possible reasons for the inability of an H. pylori vaccine to be available over the counter are cautiously discussed and some propositions for the future of H. pylori vaccines are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xia
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
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Song L, Song M, Rabkin CS, Chung Y, Williams S, Torres J, Corvalan AH, Gonzalez R, Bellolio E, Shome M, LaBaer J, Qiu J, Camargo MC. Identification of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody signatures in gastric intestinal metaplasia. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:112-124. [PMID: 36301365 PMCID: PMC9610335 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection may induce gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM). We compared anti-H. pylori antibody profiles between IM cases and non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) controls. METHODS We evaluated humoral responses to 1528 H. pylori proteins among a discovery set of 50 IM and 50 NAG using H. pylori protein arrays. Antibodies with ≥ 20% sensitivity at 90% specificity for either group were selected and further validated in an independent set of 100 IM and 100 NAG using odds ratios (OR). A validated multi-signature was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI). RESULTS Sixty-two immunoglobulin (Ig) G and 11 IgA antibodies were detected in > 10%. Among them, 22 IgG and 6 IgA antibodies were different between IM and NAG in the discovery set. Validated antibodies included 11 IgG (anti-HP1177/Omp27/HopQ [OR = 8.1, p < 0.001], anti-HP0547/CagA [4.6, p < 0.001], anti-HP0596/Tipα [4.0, p = 0.002], anti-HP0103/TlpB [3.8, p = 0.001], anti-HP1125/PalA/Omp18 [3.1, p = 0.001], anti-HP0153/RecA [0.48, p = 0.03], anti-HP0385 [0.41, p = 0.006], anti-HP0243/TlpB [0.39, p = 0.016], anti-HP0371/FabE [0.37, p = 0.017], anti-HP0900/HypB/AccB [0.35, p = 0.048], and anti-HP0709 [0.30, p = 0.003]), and 2 IgA (anti-HP1125/PalA/Omp18 [2.7, p = 0.03] and anti-HP0596/Tipα [2.5, p = 0.027]). A model including all 11 IgG antibodies (AUC = 0.81) had better discriminated IM and NAG compared with an anti-CagA only (AUC = 0.77) model (NRI = 0.44; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the most comprehensive assessment of anti-H. pylori antibody profiles in IM. The target antigens for these novel antibodies may act together with CagA in the progression to IM. Along with other biomarkers, specific H. pylori antibodies may identify IM patients, who would benefit from surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Song
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yunro Chung
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stacy Williams
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandro H Corvalan
- Faculty of Medicine and Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robinson Gonzalez
- Faculty of Medicine and Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Bellolio
- Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mahasish Shome
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Detection and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori: Problems and Advances. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:4710964. [PMID: 36317106 PMCID: PMC9617708 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4710964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is chronic and etiologically linked to gastric cancer (GC) derived from gastric epithelium. The potential mechanism is complex, covering chronic inflammation, epithelial senescence, NF-κB activation, the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein translocation, and related abnormal signaling pathways. In clinical practice, the test-and-treat strategy, endoscopy-based strategy, and (family-based) screen-and-treat strategy are recommended to detect H. pylori and prevent GC. It has been demonstrated that the decreasing annual incidence of GC is largely attributable to the management of H. pylori. This study reviews the current clinical practice of H. pylori on the detection and eradication, alternative treatment strategies, and related problems and advances, and hopes to contribute to the better clinical management of H. pylori.
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Wu J, Zhu X, Guo X, Yang Z, Cai Q, Gu D, Luo W, Yuan C, Xiang Y. Helicobacter urease suppresses cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses through activating Myh9-dependent induction of PD-L1. Int Immunol 2021; 33:491-504. [PMID: 34297096 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key virulence factor for persistent colonization, Urease B subunit (UreB) is considered to be an ideal vaccine antigen against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of UreB involved in immune microenvironment dysregulation still remains largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of UreB on macrophage activation and found that UreB induced PD-L1 accumulation on Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Co-culture assays further revealed that UreB-induced PD-L1 expression on BMDMs significantly decreased the proliferation and secretion of cytolytic molecules (granzyme B and perforin) of splenic CD8 + T cells isolated from inactivated H. pylori-immunized mice. More importantly, myosin heavy chain 9 (Myh9) was confirmed to be a direct membrane receptor of UreB via using LC-MS/MS and Co-immunoprecipitation and required for PD-L1 upregulation on BMDMs. Molecular studies further demonstrated that the interaction between UreB and Myh9 decreased GCN2 autophosphorylation and enhanced intracellular pool of amino acids, leading to the upregulation of S6K phosphorylation, a commonly used marker for monitoring activation of mTORC1 signaling activity. Furthermore, blocking mTORC1 activation with its inhibitor Temsirolimus reversed UreB-induced PD-L1 upregulation and the subsequently inhibitory effects of BMDMs on activation of cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses. Overall, our data unveil a novel immunosuppressive mechanism of UreB during H. pylori infection, which may provide valuable clue for the optimization of H. pylori vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei university of Medicine, Shiyan 442099, P.R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
| | - Ze Yang
- Blood Transfusion Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, P.R. China
| | - Qinzhen Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, P.R. China
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