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Mackay CA, Rath C, Rao S, Patole S. Plant-Derived Substances for Prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:832. [PMID: 38542743 PMCID: PMC10975714 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative injury, and gut dysbiosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Plant-derived substances have historically been used as therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. We aimed to review pre-clinical evidence for plant-derived substances in the prevention and treatment of NEC. A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library (PROSPERO CRD42022365477). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that evaluated a plant-derived substance as an intervention for NEC in an animal model of the illness and compared pre-stated outcomes (e.g., clinical severity, severity of intestinal injury, mortality, laboratory markers of inflammation and oxidative injury) were included. Sixteen studies (n = 610) were included in the systematic review. Ten of the sixteen included RCTs (Preterm rat pups: 15, Mice: 1) reported mortality and all reported NEC-related histology. Meta-analysis showed decreased mortality [12/134 vs. 27/135; RR: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.87); p = 0.02, 10 RCTs] and decreased NEC in the experimental group [24/126 vs. 55/79; RR: 0.34 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.52); p < 0.001, 6 RCTs]. Markers of inflammation (n = 11) and oxidative stress (n = 13) improved in all the studies that have reported this outcome. There was no significant publication bias for the outcome of mortality. Plant-derived substances have the potential to reduce the incidence and severity of histologically diagnosed NEC and mortality in rodent models. These findings are helpful in guiding further pre-clinical studies towards developing a food supplement for the prevention of NEC in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandra Rath
- Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospita, Subiaco 6008, Australia
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Shripada Rao
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patole
- Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospita, Subiaco 6008, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
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Kitta T, Ogawa T, Kuno S, Kakizaki H, Yoshimura N. Review: Lower urinary tract dysfunction in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD): Translational aspects for the treatment of PD patients with overactive bladder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 174:211-230. [PMID: 38341230 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Although the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and consequent motor symptoms are the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), several non-motor symptoms may appear prior to these typical motor symptoms. While a variety of non-motor symptoms have emerged as the primary predictor of PD patients' quality of life, even though motor symptoms are undoubtedly distressing. According to a study, the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) varies between 27% and 64%, suggesting that PD-related lower urinary tract dysfunction may be affected by the disease stage, the presence of concomitant conditions affecting the lower urinary tract, and other autonomic dysfunctions. Animal models can serve as a platform for research into the causes of PD-related dysfunction and the evaluation of cutting-edge therapeutic approaches although the majority of animal research have been directed toward motor symptoms of PD. At present, the cause of lower urinary tract dysfunction in PD has not been fully clarified although the increasing evidence showing the multiple mechanisms underlying PD-related LUTS has emerged. In this chapter we summarize the findings of basic research in the studies of the lower urinary tract dysfunction using with different animal PD models and we try to shed light on the translational aspects for the development of future treatment modalities in PD patients with LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeya Kitta
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sadako Kuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kakizaki
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Wishahi M, Hassan S, Kamal N, Badawy M, Hafiz E. Is bladder outlet obstruction rat model to induce overactive bladder (OAB) has similarity to human OAB? Research on the events in smooth muscle, collagen, interstitial cell and telocyte distribution. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:22. [PMID: 38212840 PMCID: PMC10785408 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular and cytoskeletal events of overactive bladder (OAB) have not been sufficiently explored in human bladder due to different limitations. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) had been induced in different animal models with different methods to induce (OAB). Similarity of the animal models of BOO to the human OAB is postulated but has not been confirmed. The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and telocytes (TCs) are an important players in smooth muscles conductivity, they had not been well investigated in the previous BOO models. Objectives are to investigate the morphological pattern of cellular, cytoskeleton and telocytes distribution in BOO rat model and to match the events in two time periods and compare it to the findings in real-world human OAB. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into: sham (n = 10), BOO 6 W (n = 10), BOO 8 W (n = 10). Operative procedure to Induce BOO was done under anesthesia with intraperitoneal Ketamine administration. The Effect of induction of BOO was evaluated after 6 and 8 weeks. The rats were anesthetized, and the urinary bladder was removed, while the rat was unconscious under anaesthesia it was transferred to the inhalation anaesthesia cage for euthanasia, rats were sacrificed under light anesthesia using isoflurane. Care of animals, surgical procedure, and euthanasia adhered to Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. The retrieved bladder was processed for examination with histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transmission electron microscopy (EM). RESULTS Histological examination of the bladder shows thinner urothelium, condensation of collagen between muscle bundles. IHC with c-kit shows the excess distribution of ICCs between smooth muscle bundles. EM shows frequent distribution of TCs that were situated between collagen fibers. Finings in BOO 6 W group and BOO 8 W group were comparable. CONCLUSION The animal model study demonstrated increased collagen/ smooth muscle ratio, high intensity of ICCs and presence of TCs. Findings show that a minimally invasive procedure to induce BOO in rats had resulted in an OAB that has morphological changes that were stable in 6 & 8 weeks. We demonstrated the distribution of TCs and ICCs in the rat animal model and defined them. The population of TCs in the BOO rat model is described for the first time, suggests that the TCs and ICCs may contribute to the pathophysiology of OAB. Similarity of animal model to human events OAB was demonstrated. These findings warrant further study to define the role of TCs in OAB. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The study does not require a clinical trial registration; it is an experimental animal study in basic science and does not include human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Wishahi
- Department of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O. 30, Warrak El-Hadar, Cairo, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Sarah Hassan
- Department of Pathology and Electron microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabawya Kamal
- Department of Anesthesia, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O. 30, Warrak El-Hadar, Cairo, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Ehab Hafiz
- Department of Pathology and Electron microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Payne SC, Osborne PB, Thompson A, Eiber CD, Keast JR, Fallon JB. Selective recording of physiologically evoked neural activity in a mixed autonomic nerve using a minimally invasive array. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046110. [PMID: 37928642 PMCID: PMC10625482 DOI: 10.1063/5.0164951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time closed-loop control of neuromodulation devices requires long-term monitoring of neural activity in the peripheral nervous system. Although many signal extraction methods exist, few are both clinically viable and designed for extracting small signals from fragile peripheral visceral nerves. Here, we report that our minimally invasive recording and analysis technology extracts low to negative signal to noise ratio (SNR) neural activity from a visceral nerve with a high degree of specificity for fiber type and class. Complex activity was recorded from the rat pelvic nerve that was physiologically evoked during controlled bladder filling and voiding, in an extensively characterized in vivo model that provided an excellent test bed to validate our technology. Urethane-anesthetized male rats (n = 12) were implanted with a four-electrode planar array and the bladder instrumented for continuous-flow cystometry, which measures urodynamic function by recording bladder pressure changes during constant infusion of saline. We demonstrated that differential bipolar recordings and cross-correlation analyses extracts afferent and efferent activity, and discriminated between subpopulations of fibers based on conduction velocity. Integrated Aδ afferent fiber activity correlated with bladder pressure during voiding (r2: 0.66 ± 0.06) and was not affected by activating nociceptive afferents with intravesical capsaicin (r2: 0.59 ± 0.14, P = 0.54, and n = 3). Collectively, these results demonstrate our minimally invasive recording and analysis technology is selective in extracting mixed neural activity with low/negative SNR. Furthermore, integrated afferent activity reliably correlates with bladder pressure and is a promising first step in developing closed-loop technology for bladder control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peregrine B. Osborne
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Calvin D. Eiber
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Janet R. Keast
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Huang J, Li H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Cao H, Long Y. Excitatory purinergic and cholinergic expression changed in a partial bladder outlet obstruction-induced overactive bladder rat model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18395. [PMID: 37884550 PMCID: PMC10603080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common, long-term symptom complex with a high prevalence in women worldwide. OAB has caused a social burden, and effective treatments are urgently needed. However, the pathogenesis of OAB has yet to be elucidated. Model rats underwent bladder outlet obstruction surgery. In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks after surgery, metabolic cages were used to detect the 12 h urine volume of rats in the sham and model groups. The urodynamic parameters bladder leak point pressure (BPLL), maximum voiding pressure (MVP), residual volume (RV), maximum bladder capacity (MBC), bladder compliance (BC), voided efficiency (VE), and non-voiding contractions (NVCs) were also detected. Moreover, the contractile responses of isolated detrusor muscles to electrical and carbachol stimulation were examined at the abovementioned time points. At the 4th week after surgery, the bladders of both groups were obtained for hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. Real-time qPCR and Western blot were performed to quantify the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and solute carrier family 17 member 9 (SLC17A9). At week 4, compared with the sham group, the 12 h urine volume of PBOO group increased significantly. The BLPP, MVP, VE, MBC, and NVCs increased significantly, and the VE was significantly reduced in 4-week PBOO group. The contractile responses of isolated detrusor muscles to electrical and carbachol stimulation significantly increased in 4-week PBOO group. In the 4-week PBOO group, the bladder wall and the ratio of bladder muscle to collagen within the bladder smooth muscle layer wall were significantly higher than those in the sham group. ChAT and SLC17A9 mRNA and protein expression in the OAB model rats significantly increased. At 4 weeks after PBOO, the OAB model was successfully established. The gene and protein expression levels of ChAT and SLC17A9 increased in the bladder of the OAB model, suggesting that OAB may be related to increased excitatory purinergic and cholinergic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Outer Ring East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Outer Ring East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Outer Ring East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Outer Ring East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Outer Ring East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yongling Long
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Outer Ring East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Lv T, Zhong S, Guo X. Establishment of an overactive bladder model in mice. BMC Urol 2023; 23:19. [PMID: 36782229 PMCID: PMC9926576 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome characterized by symptoms of urinary urgency, often accompanied by frequent urination and nocturia or urge incontinence. METHODS Twenty female ICR mice were randomly divided into pBOO (partial bladder outlet obstruction) and control groups. The mouse OAB model was constructed by ligating the bladder outlet. Eight weeks after the operation, the methods of voiding spot on paper (VSOP), isolated detrusor muscle, and HE staining were used for analysis and research. RESULTS After the operation, two mice in the experimental and one in control died, and one in the control groups had an abnormal bladder size, so it was excluded from the statistical analysis. Eight weeks after the operation, there was an insignificant difference (P = 0.15) in the body weight of mice in the pBOO (26.54 ± 2.62 g) and the control group (24.84 ± 1.76 g). The number of urinations in 12 h was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the pBOO (7.63 ± 1.19) than in the control group (4.13 ± 0.99). Also, the 12-h urine volume of pBOO (1491.23 ± 94.72 μL) was significantly greater (P = 0.006) than that of the control group (1344.86 ± 88.17 μL). The isolated bladder of the pBOO mice was significantly heavier than that in the control group (53.16 ± 1.79 mg vs. 24.54 ± 1.80 mg, P < 0.001), the horizontal and vertical length of the bladder in pBOO group were larger than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The detrusor thickness of pBOO group (357.50 ± 11.88 µm) was significantly thicker than that of control group (258.52 ± 17.22 µm, P < 0.001), and the isolated muscle strip was more sensitive to carbachol stimulation. According to HE staining, the bladder wall of the pBOO mice was significantly thickened. CONCLUSIONS A pBOO-mediated mouse OAB model was successfully established by ligating the bladder outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Lv
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301The Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- grid.411405.50000 0004 1757 8861The Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- The Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
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Liu J, Zhou L, Zhao F, Zhou C, Yang T, Xu Z, Wang X, Xu L, Xu Z, Ge Y, Wu R, Jia R. Therapeutic effect of adipose stromal vascular fraction spheroids for partial bladder outlet obstruction induced underactive bladder. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:68. [PMID: 35139904 PMCID: PMC8826668 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underactive bladder (UAB) is a common clinical problem but related research is rarely explored. As there are currently no effective therapies, the administration of adipose stromal vascular fraction (ad-SVF) provides a new potential method to treat underactive bladder. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) for four weeks and randomly divided into three groups: rats treated with PBS (Sham group); rats administrated with ad-SVF (ad-SVF group) and rats performed with ad-SVF spheroids (ad-SVFsp group). After four weeks, urodynamic studies were performed to evaluate bladder functions and all rats were sacrificed for further studies. RESULTS We observed that the bladder functions and symptoms of UAB were significantly improved in the ad-SVFsp group than that in the Sham group and ad-SVF group. Meanwhile, our data showed that ad-SVF spheroids could remarkably promote angiogenesis, suppress cell apoptosis and stimulate cell proliferation in bladder tissue than that in the other two groups. Moreover, ad-SVF spheroids increased the expression levels of bFGF, HGF and VEGF-A than ad-SVF. IVIS Spectrum small-animal in vivo imaging system revealed that ad-SVF spheroids could increase the retention rate of transplanted cells in bladder tissue. CONCLUSIONS Ad-SVF spheroids improved functions and symptoms of bladder induced by PBOO, which contributes to promote angiogenesis, suppress cell apoptosis and stimulate cell proliferation. Ad-SVF spheroids provide a potential treatment for the future patients with UAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianli Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongle Xu
- Department of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University (The Second People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Luwei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzheng Ge
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Shen JD, Chen SJ, Chen HY, Chiu KY, Chen YH, Chen WC. Review of Animal Models to Study Urinary Bladder Function. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121316. [PMID: 34943231 PMCID: PMC8698391 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of urinary bladder dysfunction requires the knowledge of bladder function, which involves physiology, pathology, and even psychology. Several animal models are available to study a variety of bladder disorders. These models include animals from rodents, such as mice and rats, to nonhuman primates, such as rabbits, felines, canines, pigs, and mini pigs. This review adapted animal models to study bladder function according to facility, priority, and disease. Abstract The urinary bladder (UB) serves as a storage and elimination organ for urine. UB dysfunction can cause multiple symptoms of failure to store urine or empty the bladder, e.g., incontinence, frequent urination, and urinary retention. Treatment of these symptoms requires knowledge on bladder function, which involves physiology, pathology, and even psychology. There is no ideal animal model for the study of UB function to understand and treat associated disorders, as the complexity in humans differs from that of other species. However, several animal models are available to study a variety of other bladder disorders. Such models include animals from rodents to nonhuman primates, such as mice, rats, rabbits, felines, canines, pigs, and mini pigs. For incontinence, vaginal distention might mimic birth trauma and can be measured based on leak point pressure. Using peripheral and central models, inflammation, bladder outlet obstruction, and genetic models facilitated the study of overactive bladder. However, the larger the animal model, the more difficult the study is, due to the associated animal ethics issues, laboratory facility, and budget. This review aims at facilitating adapted animal models to study bladder function according to facility, priority, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dung Shen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 41168, Taiwan;
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Ju Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
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Hughes FM, Harper SN, Nosé BD, Allkanjari A, Zheng MT, Jin H, Purves JT. Specialized Pro-resolution Mediators in the bladder; Annexin-A1 normalizes inflammation and bladder dysfunction during bladder outlet obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F443-F454. [PMID: 34396790 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00205.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO) is ultimately experienced by ≈90% of men, most commonly secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Inflammation is a critical driver of BOO pathology in the bladder and can be divided into two critical steps; initiation and resolution. While great strides have been made toward understanding initiation of inflammation in the bladder (through the NLRP3 inflammasome), no studies have examined resolution. Resolution is controlled by 5 classes of compounds known as Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs), all of which bind to one or more of 7 different receptors. Using immunocytochemistry, we show the presence of 6 of the known SPM receptors in the bladder of control and BOO rats; the 7th has no rodent homolog. The expression was predominantly localized to the urothelia, often with some expression in the smooth muscle, but little to none in the interstitial cells. We next examined the therapeutic potential of the Annexin-A1 resolution system, also present in control and BOO bladders. Using the peptide mimetic Ac2-26, we blocked inflammation-initiating pathways (NLRP3 activation), diminished BOO-induced inflammation (Evans blue dye extravasation), and normalized bladder dysfunction (urodynamics). Excitingly, Ac2-26 also promoted faster and more complete functional recovery after surgical de-obstruction. Together, the results demonstrate that the bladder expresses a wide variety of potential pro-resolving pathways and that modulation of just one of these pathways can alleviate many detrimental aspects of BOO and speed recovery after de-obstruction. This work establishes a precedent for future studies evaluating SPM effectiveness in resolving the many conditions associated with bladder inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Hughes
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shelby N Harper
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brent D Nosé
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Armand Allkanjari
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael T Zheng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Huixia Jin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J Todd Purves
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Sultana S, Berger G, Cox A, Kelly MEM, Lehmann C. Rodent models of ketamine-induced cystitis. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 40:1704-1719. [PMID: 34350618 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Long-term or recreational use of ketamine affects the urinary system and can result in ketamine-induced cystitis (KIC). Rodent models of KIC are important to study KIC pathophysiology and are paramount to the future development of therapies for this painful condition. This review aims to provide a summary of rodent models of KIC, focusing on disease induction, experimental methods, and pathological features of the model. METHOD A literature search was performed using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Pubmed database up to March 2021. 20 articles met the inclusion criteria and were finally selected. RESULTS There are considerable variations in the rodent models used for studying KIC in terms of the strain of the animal being used; dose, duration, and route of ketamine administration to induce KIC, and assessment of pathological features. CONCLUSION KIC remains difficult to fully recapitulate in humans. Improved characterization of KIC models and the experimental parameters and meticulous discussion on translational limitations are required to improve the translational value of research using rodent models of KIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Geraint Berger
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ashley Cox
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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11
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Gao Y, Liu P, He F, Yang X, Wu R, Chen W, Li L, Yang Z. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Promotes Bladder Hypertrophy Caused by Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630228. [PMID: 33859983 PMCID: PMC8042216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive biomarkers to identify patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)-related dysfunction are still needed to guide clinical practice. The current study aims to investigate molecular alterations and biomarkers associated with partial BOO (PBOO) in rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish the BOO model. Serum samples from 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. RNA sequencing and TMT-labeling proteomic analyses were conducted to identify molecular alterations. Masson’s trichrome, H&E, and immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were conducted by using conventional methods following the manufacturer’s instructions. Rats with PBOO experienced hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells and hyperplasia of interstitial cells during the first 4 weeks after the initiation of obstruction. Four weeks later, rats with PBOO showed activation of the adaptive immune response, cell death and apoptosis. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in the serum gradually increased in the first 4 weeks and gradually decreased after week 4. FGF2 levels slightly correlated with prostate volume (R = 0.156, P = 0.0028) but not with age or BMI in BPH patients. No correlations were found between BDNF levels and prostate volume, age or BMI. BOO induces a change from bladder compensation to decompensation at week 4. FGF2 is involved in the development of hypertrophy in the PBOO bladder and shows a positive correlation with prostate volume in BPH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peilin Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingliang Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Practice and Possible Promises. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:107-125. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Kitta T, Hattori T, Chiba H, Higuchi M, Kanno-Kakibuchi Y, Ouchi M, Togo M, Abe-Takahashi Y, Michishita M, Kitano T, Kusakabe N, Shinohara N. Are sham-operated mice a valid comparator in studies using a bladder outlet obstruction model? A pitfall reveals a meaningful insight. Int J Urol 2020; 28:346-352. [PMID: 33314337 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate voiding behavior characteristics in intact and sham mice, and to examine whether intact mice show changes in "normal" micturition with aging. METHODS A total of 72 8-week-old mice were divided into two groups - intact and sham - and the latter group was subjected to a sham of partial bladder outlet obstruction surgery. Urination frequency was evaluated (through metabolic cages) at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery (or at the equivalent time points for the intact mice). To address possible mechanisms for aging and surgical effects on urinary behavior, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were carried out. Primary data were evaluated using scatter plots and descriptive statistics. RESULTS In sham mice, urination frequency showed strong variation at the earlier post-surgical time points (especially at 1 month), with variation decreasing with time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the serotonin 2C receptor-encoding mRNA accumulated to >28-fold higher levels at 24 months compared with 3 months in intact mice. A major limitation of the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments was that we did not separate whole bladder into muscle and mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Although a sham operation is typically used in partial bladder outlet obstruction experiments to provide control animals, the sham group might itself show increased variation in micturition frequency at early times after surgery, compared with intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeya Kitta
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Medical Affairs, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Chiba
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Madoka Higuchi
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kanno-Kakibuchi
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mifuka Ouchi
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mio Togo
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yui Abe-Takahashi
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mai Michishita
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kitano
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Kusakabe
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Expression of Toll-Like Receptors in the Animal Model of Bladder Outlet Obstruction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6632359. [PMID: 33381567 PMCID: PMC7749780 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6632359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) occurs in more than 20 percent of the adult population and may lead to changes in the structure and function of the bladder. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR 9) in the animal model of BOO as potential triggers of the inflammation phase in the bladder. In addition, the modulating effect of alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist (tamsulosin) on TLR 4 and TLR 9 expression and inflammatory markers was assessed. Material and Methods. Thirty-two male, 9-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: SOP—sham-operated rats with a placebo (water); SOB—sham-operated rats with an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist; BOOP—rats with BOO and a placebo; and BOOB—rats with BOO and an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist. The rats were given a placebo or alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist for 15 days. Next, urine and the bladder were collected from the rats for histopathological and biochemical study. Results Histopathological analysis showed chronic inflammation without acute inflammation in the bladder. TLR 4 showed positive cytoplasmic reactivity in the urothelium and the smooth muscles of the bladder. TLR 9 showed positive cytoplasmic reactivity only in the urothelium. BOO caused an increase in TLR 4 and TLR 9 expression. Furthermore, treatment with an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist had no significant effect on TLR 4 and TLR 9 expression in rats with BOO. BOO caused a significant increase in urine concentration of interleukin 6 (IL-6), while alpha-1 antagonist reduced the urine concentration of IL-6 and the concentration of interleukin 18 (IL-18). Conclusions The results suggest the participation of TLR 4 and TLR 9 receptors in the induction of inflammation in the bladder, which is the first phase in the development of pathophysiological changes in BOO.
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15
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Voiding Dysfunction in Old Male Rats Associated With Enlarged Prostate and Irregular Afferent-Triggered Reflex Responses. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:258-269. [PMID: 33017896 PMCID: PMC7538283 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040114.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that an enlarged prostate in old rats may lead to complications associated with voiding dysfunction involving ionotropic P2X2/3-type purinergic receptors Methods Intact animals were divided into male young (MYR; 8–10 weeks old) and male old (MOR; 20 months old) rats. The animals underwent simultaneous detrusor electromyography (EMG) and suprapubic cystometry (CMG) under urethane anesthesia. Immunofluorescence techniques were used to evaluate prostatic autonomic innervation and P2X3R expression in bladder urothelial cells. The functional role of P2X3R was characterized by intramuscular application of AF-353, a selective P2X2/3R antagonist. Results The prostate index significantly increased in MOR, suggestive of an enlarged prostate affecting micturition patterns. Significant EMG and CMG differences were found between MYR and MOR. Higher immunoreactivity for P2X2/3R in the urothelial layer and for prostatic neurofilaments was seen in MOR. Systemic inhibition of P2X2/3R had minimal effects on MYR responsiveness, but improved voiding function in MOR with a marked decrease of intravesical pressure and bladder contractile responses. Conclusions The data support the hypothesis that an enlarged prostate in MOR may contribute to voiding dysfunction involving activation of P2X2/3R, which enhances a prostate-bladder reflex. This reflex may increase bladder afferent transmission and activation of increased prostate innervation, leading to voiding dysfunction.
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16
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Animal Model for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186520. [PMID: 32906613 PMCID: PMC7554934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and subsequent motor symptoms, various non-motor symptoms often precede these other symptoms. While motor symptoms are certainly burdensome, a wide range of non-motor symptoms have emerged as the key determinant of the quality of life in PD patients. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms differs according to the study, with ranges between 27% and 63.9%. These can be influenced by the stage of disease, the presence of lower urinary tract-related comorbidities, and parallels with other manifestations of autonomic dysfunction. Animal models can provide a platform for investigating the mechanisms of PD-related dysfunction and for the assessment of novel treatment strategies. Animal research efforts have been primarily focused on PD motor signs and symptoms. However, the etiology of lower urinary tract dysfunction in PD has yet to be definitively clarified. Several animal PD models are available, each of which has a different effect on the autonomic nervous system. In this article, we review the various lower urinary tract dysfunction animal PD models. We additionally discuss techniques for determining the appropriate model for evaluating the development of lower urinary tract dysfunction treatments.
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17
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Maruyama I, Yamamoto S, Tsuchioka K, Yamazaki T. Effects of vibegron, a novel β3-adrenoceptor agonist, and its combination with imidafenacin or silodosin in a rat with partial bladder outlet obstruction. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Lima CR, Martins DF, Reed WR. Physiological Responses Induced by Manual Therapy in Animal Models: A Scoping Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:430. [PMID: 32457570 PMCID: PMC7227122 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physiological responses related to manual therapy (MT) treatment have been investigated over decades using various animal models. However, these studies have not been compiled and their collective findings appraised. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess current scientific knowledge on the physiological responses related to MT and/or simulated MT procedures in animal models so as to act as a resource to better inform future mechanistic and clinical research incorporating these therapeutic interventions. Methods: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane, Embase, and Index of Chiropractic Literature (ICL) were searched from database inception to August 2019. Eligible studies were: (a) published in English; (b) non-cadaveric animal-based; (c) original data studies; (d) included a form of MT or simulated MT as treatment; (e) included quantification of at least one delivery parameter of MT treatment; (f) quantification of at least one physiological measure that could potentially contribute to therapeutic mechanisms of action of the MT. MT studies were categorized according to three main intervention types: (1) mobilization; (2) manipulation; and (3) massage. Two-phase screening procedures were conducted by a pair of independent reviewers, data were extracted from eligible studies and qualitatively reported. Results: The literature search resulted in 231 articles of which 78 met inclusion criteria and were sorted by intervention type. Joint mobilization induced changes in nociceptive response and inflammatory profile, gene expression, receptor activation, neurotransmitter release and enzymatic activity. Spinal manipulation produced changes in muscle spindle response, nocifensive reflex response and neuronal activity, electromyography, and immunologic response. Physiological changes associated with massage therapy included autonomic, circulatory, lymphatic and immunologic functions, visceral response, gene expression, neuroanatomy, function and pathology, and cellular response to in vitro simulated massage. Conclusion: Pre-clinical research supports an association between MT physiological response and multiple potential short-term MT therapeutic mechanisms. Optimization of MT delivery and/or treatment efficacy will require additional preclinical investigation in which MT delivery parameters are controlled and reported using pathological and/or chronic pain models that mimic neuromusculoskeletal conditions for which MT has demonstrated clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rigo Lima
- Rehabilitation Science Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - William Ray Reed
- Rehabilitation Science Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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19
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Kai W, Lin C, Jin Y, Ping-Lin H, Xun L, Bastian A, Arnulf S, Sha-Sha X, Xu L, Shu C. Urethral meatus stricture BOO stimulates bladder smooth muscle cell proliferation and pyroptosis via IL‑1β and the SGK1‑NFAT2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:219-226. [PMID: 32468047 PMCID: PMC7248470 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), which is primarily caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, is a common chronic disease. However, previous studies have most commonly investigated BOO using the acute obstruction model. In the present study, a chronic obstruction model was established to investigate the different pathological alterations in the bladder between acute and chronic obstruction. Compared with chronic obstruction, acute obstruction led to increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and interleukin-1β, which are markers of proliferation and inflammation, respectively. Furthermore, increased fibrosis in the bladder at week 2 was observed. Low pressure promoted mice bladder smooth muscle cell (MBSMC) proliferation, and pressure overload inhibited cell proliferation and increased the proportion of dead MBSMCs. Further investigation using serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) small interfering RNAs indicated that low pressure may promote MBSMC proliferation by upregulating SGK1 and nuclear factor of activated T-cell expression levels. Therefore, the present study suggested that acute obstruction led to faster decompensation of bladder function and chronic bladder obstruction displayed an enhanced ability to progress to BOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Kai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - He Ping-Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Liu Xun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Amend Bastian
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, D‑72070 Tübingen, Baden‑Württemberg, Germany
| | - Stenzl Arnulf
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, D‑72070 Tübingen, Baden‑Württemberg, Germany
| | - Xing Sha-Sha
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Luo Xu
- Department of Urology, Zunyi Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Cui Shu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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20
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Warmbrod L, Trotochaud M, Connell N. The Scientist Citizen and the Citizen Scientist: Blurring the Lines. ILAR J 2019; 60:5-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The scientific enterprise satisfies the innate human urge to understand the world; these efforts have led to both improvements and dangers to society. The storied history of relationships between scientists and citizens suggests that the lines between these 2 sectors of society are often blurred. Here we discuss these relationships on the context of animal welfare. We briefly outline the history of animal welfare in research, and the entry of citizens into the discussion, leading to the Animal Welfare Act of 1966. The commitment of scientists to society, in this context, is the act of whistleblowing in research. As medical and life sciences technologies continue to expand at breathtaking rates, the landscape that both scientists and citizens must navigate increases in complexity. We discuss the responsibility of both the scientist and the citizen, as members of the voting public, in the face of the challenges of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane Warmbrod
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Center for Health Security
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Marc Trotochaud
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Center for Health Security
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Nancy Connell
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Center for Health Security
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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21
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Nasiri N, Hosseini S, Alini M, Khademhosseini A, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Targeted cell delivery for articular cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2212-2224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Majima T, Matsukawa Y, Funahashi Y, Kato M, Yamamoto T, Gotoh M. The effect of mirabegron on bladder blood flow in a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction. World J Urol 2019; 38:2021-2027. [PMID: 31664511 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of mirabegron on bladder blood flow in a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups based on whether they underwent a sham operation (sham group) or an operation to establish partial BOO (BOO and BOO + mirabegron groups). The BOO + mirabegron group was treated with mirabegron (0.3 mg/kg/h, subcutaneously) for 14 days. Subsequently, we performed continuous cystometry, bladder blood flow measurements with a 2D laser blood flow imager, hematoxylin-eosin staining of the bladder tissue, and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements in the bladder tissue. RESULTS Cystometry revealed significantly higher peak pressure, more residual urine volume, and lower voiding efficiency in the BOO and BOO + mirabegron groups than in the sham group. The BOO + mirabegron group had significantly fewer non-voiding contractions (NVCs) than the BOO group, while the latter had more frequent NVCs than the sham group. The BOO and BOO + mirabegron groups had significantly decreased bladder blood flow than the sham group, whereas the BOO + mirabegron group showed significantly increased bladder blood flow than the BOO group. The bladder tissue in the BOO group contained more hypertrophic detrusor muscle compared to the sham group, while mirabegron treatment suppressed detrusor hypertrophy. The MDA levels were significantly higher in the BOO group than in the BOO + mirabegron and sham groups. CONCLUSION Mirabegron treatment significantly improved BOO-induced bladder dysfunction through the amelioration of bladder blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Majima
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Matsukawa
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Funahashi
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Tokunori Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| | - Momokazu Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
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23
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AMPK Alters Detrusor Contractility During Emptying in Normal Bladder and Hypertrophied Bladder with Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction via CaMKKβ. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112650. [PMID: 31146414 PMCID: PMC6600286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in contractility changes in bladders with partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO), but the role of AMPK in the contractile response of normal bladder remains unclear. We investigated the phosphorylation of AMPKα and expression of the involved upstream AMPK kinases (AMPKKs) in a model of bladders with PBOO and sought to determine whether the pharmacological inhibition of these two factors affected detrusor contractility in normal bladders, using female Sprague–Dawley rats. Cystometry and Western blot analysis were performed in rats that were subjected to PBOO induction or a sham operation. Cystometry was performed in normal rats that received selective inhibitors of AMPKα and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKKβ) (compound C and STO-609, respectively) at doses determined in the experiments. In the PBOO bladders, bladder weight and micturition pressure (MP) were higher and AMPKα phosphorylation (T172) and CaMKKβ expression was significantly reduced. Compound C and STO-609 increased MP. The increased contractile response in bladders with PBOO-induced hypertrophy was related to decreased CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling activity, and the pharmacological inhibition of this pathway in normal bladders increased detrusor contractility, implying a role of CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling in the bladder in the regulation of detrusor contractility.
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Affas S, Schäfer FM, Algarrahi K, Cristofaro V, Sullivan MP, Yang X, Costa K, Sack B, Gharaee-Kermani M, Macoska JA, Gundogdu G, Seager C, Estrada CR, Mauney JR. Augmentation Cystoplasty of Diseased Porcine Bladders with Bi-Layer Silk Fibroin Grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:855-866. [PMID: 30191762 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The search for an ideal "off-the-shelf" biomaterial for augmentation cystoplasty remains elusive and current scaffold configurations are hampered by mechanical and biocompatibility restrictions. In addition, preclinical evaluations of potential scaffold designs for bladder repair are limited by the lack of tractable large animal models of obstructive bladder disease that can mimic clinical pathology. The results of this study describe a novel, minimally invasive, porcine model of partial bladder outlet obstruction that simulates clinically relevant phenotypes. Utilizing this model, we demonstrate that acellular, bi-layer silk fibroin grafts can support the formation of vascularized, innervated bladder tissues with functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Affas
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank-Mattias Schäfer
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khalid Algarrahi
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vivian Cristofaro
- 3 Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts.,4 Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maryrose P Sullivan
- 3 Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts.,4 Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehui Yang
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyle Costa
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan Sack
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani
- 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill A Macoska
- 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gokhan Gundogdu
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Seager
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos R Estrada
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua R Mauney
- 1 Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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