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Pawlicki P, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Tworzydlo W, Kotula-Balak M. Toward understanding the role of the interstitial tissue architects: Possible functions of telocytes in the male gonad. Theriogenology 2024; 217:25-36. [PMID: 38241912 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes represent a relatively recently discovered population of interstitial cells with a unique morphological structure that distinguishes them from other neighboring cells. Through their long protrusions extending from the cell body, telocytes create microenvironments via tissue compartmentalization and create homo- and hetero-cellular junctions. These establish a three-dimensional network enabling the maintenance of interstitial compartment homeostasis through regulation of extracellular matrix organization and activity, structural support, paracrine and juxtracrine communication, immunomodulation, immune surveillance, cell survival, and apoptosis. The presence of telocytes has also been confirmed in testicular interstitial tissue of many species of animals. The objective of this review is to summarize recent findings on telocytes in the male gonad, on which conclusions have been deduced that indicate the involvement of telocytes in maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the testicular interstitial tissue, in the processes of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, and photoperiod-mediated changes in the testes in seasonally reproductive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, 06110, Dışkapı, Turkey.
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-385, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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Babadag S, Altundag-Erdogan Ö, Akkaya-Ulum YZ, Çelebi-Saltik B. The role of telocytes and miR-21-5p in tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:395. [PMID: 38446251 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the roles of telocytes on the metastatic properties of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), and to re-evaluate the effect of miR-21-5p expression on CSCs following the addition of telocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Telocytes from human bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated/characterised. This was followed by the isolation/characterisation of CSCs from the MDA-MB-231. miR-21-5p was both overexpressed/inhibited in CSCs. Through co-culture studies, EMT transition and oncogenic properties of CSCs were investigated by analysing changes in ALDH1 and vimentin protein levels as well as changes in the ABCC11, SNAI1, LZTFL1, Oct 3/4, E- and N-cadherin gene expression levels. With the inhibition of miR-21-5p, significant increases in LZTFL and ABCC11 were observed with the addition of telocytes. The expression of the LZTFL gene, which decreased with the overexpression of miR-21-5p, increased in CSCs after co-culture with telocytes. While an increase expression of ABCC11, SNAI1, N-Cadherin, vimentin and ALDH was observed in CSCs after overexpression of miR-21-5p, significant decreases in these expressions were observed after co-culture with telocyte. CONCLUSIONS In our study, by gene/protein level analysis we demonstrated that telocytes may have the potential to reduce cancer metastasis through miR-21-5p in breast cancer progression and reduce EMT transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Babadag
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Özlem Altundag-Erdogan
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Z Akkaya-Ulum
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
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Zhang J, Xu Y. Tumor-associated telocytes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:490-492. [PMID: 38238151 PMCID: PMC10876250 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
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Wishahi M, Hassan S, Kamal N, Badawy M, Hafiz E. Is bladder outlet obstruction rat model to induce overactive bladder (OAB) has similarity to human OAB? Research on the events in smooth muscle, collagen, interstitial cell and telocyte distribution. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:22. [PMID: 38212840 PMCID: PMC10785408 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular and cytoskeletal events of overactive bladder (OAB) have not been sufficiently explored in human bladder due to different limitations. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) had been induced in different animal models with different methods to induce (OAB). Similarity of the animal models of BOO to the human OAB is postulated but has not been confirmed. The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and telocytes (TCs) are an important players in smooth muscles conductivity, they had not been well investigated in the previous BOO models. Objectives are to investigate the morphological pattern of cellular, cytoskeleton and telocytes distribution in BOO rat model and to match the events in two time periods and compare it to the findings in real-world human OAB. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into: sham (n = 10), BOO 6 W (n = 10), BOO 8 W (n = 10). Operative procedure to Induce BOO was done under anesthesia with intraperitoneal Ketamine administration. The Effect of induction of BOO was evaluated after 6 and 8 weeks. The rats were anesthetized, and the urinary bladder was removed, while the rat was unconscious under anaesthesia it was transferred to the inhalation anaesthesia cage for euthanasia, rats were sacrificed under light anesthesia using isoflurane. Care of animals, surgical procedure, and euthanasia adhered to Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. The retrieved bladder was processed for examination with histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transmission electron microscopy (EM). RESULTS Histological examination of the bladder shows thinner urothelium, condensation of collagen between muscle bundles. IHC with c-kit shows the excess distribution of ICCs between smooth muscle bundles. EM shows frequent distribution of TCs that were situated between collagen fibers. Finings in BOO 6 W group and BOO 8 W group were comparable. CONCLUSION The animal model study demonstrated increased collagen/ smooth muscle ratio, high intensity of ICCs and presence of TCs. Findings show that a minimally invasive procedure to induce BOO in rats had resulted in an OAB that has morphological changes that were stable in 6 & 8 weeks. We demonstrated the distribution of TCs and ICCs in the rat animal model and defined them. The population of TCs in the BOO rat model is described for the first time, suggests that the TCs and ICCs may contribute to the pathophysiology of OAB. Similarity of animal model to human events OAB was demonstrated. These findings warrant further study to define the role of TCs in OAB. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The study does not require a clinical trial registration; it is an experimental animal study in basic science and does not include human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Wishahi
- Department of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O. 30, Warrak El-Hadar, Cairo, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Sarah Hassan
- Department of Pathology and Electron microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabawya Kamal
- Department of Anesthesia, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O. 30, Warrak El-Hadar, Cairo, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Ehab Hafiz
- Department of Pathology and Electron microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Junatas KL, Couck L, Tay H, Sinowatz F, Van Den Broeck W. Ultrastructural evidence of telocytes in the embryonic chick heart. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12970. [PMID: 37740674 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac telocyte (TC) is a novel interstitial cell type with a unique ultrastructure and great potential in therapy. The present study examined its presence in the heart of chicken embryos ageing 7-15 days old (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 31-41) using transmission electron microscopy. TCs were identified across all stages in the atrial and ventricular myocardium, close to maturing cardiomyocytes, blood vessels and lymphatics. Early-stage TCs have immature features resembling mesenchymal cells. Late-stage TCs were distinct, possessing the cytoplasmic prolongations termed telopodes (Tps), which are very long and thin, usually 1-3 in number, and display a moniliform appearance and have an average thickness below 0.2 μm. TCs residing in the epicardium and endocardium were also detected. In the subepicardium near developing coronary vessels, they were localized in the cardiac stem cell niches, coexisting with cardiac stem cells and cardiomyocyte progenitors. Electron-dense structures and the release of extracellular vesicles were observed between embryonic TCs and surrounding structures, suggesting roles in intercellular communication, cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation, angiogenesis, and stem cell nursing and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Lamanero Junatas
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Liesbeth Couck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hanna Tay
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Emeish WFA, Abd-ElHafeez HH, Alghamdi AAA, Ahmed M, Khalifa MO, El-Mansi AA, Abou-Elhamd AS, Khormi MM, Alkashif K, Soliman SA. Morphological changes in intraepithelial and stromal telocytes in Cyprinus carpio in response to salinity stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19987. [PMID: 37968439 PMCID: PMC10651833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes establish connections and communicate with various types of cells and structures. Few experimental studies have been performed on telocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of salinity stress on telocytes in relation to osmoregulatory, immune, and stem cells. After exposing the common carp to 0.2 (control), 6, 10, or 14 ppt salinity, we extracted and fixed gill samples in glutaraldehyde, processed and embedded the samples in resin, and prepared semi-thin and ultrathin sections. Two types of telocytes were identified: intraepithelial and stromal telocytes. Intraepithelial telocytes were found to form part of the cellular lining of the lymphatic space and shed secretory vesicles into this space. Stromal telocytes were observed to shed their secretory vesicles into the secondary circulatory vessels. Both intraepithelial and stromal telocytes were enlarged and exhibited increased secretory activities as salinity increased. They exerted their effects via direct contact and paracrine signaling. The following changes were observed in samples from fish exposed to high salinity levels: chloride cells underwent hypertrophy, and their mitochondria became cigar-shaped; pavement cells were enlarged, and their micro-ridges became thin and elongated; stromal telocytes established contact with stem cells and skeletal myoblasts; skeletal muscle cells underwent hypertrophy; and macrophages and rodlet cells increased in number. In conclusion, our findings indicate that intraepithelial and stromal telocytes respond to salinity stress by activating cellular signaling and that they play major roles in osmoregulation, immunity, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-ElHafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | | | - Madeha Ahmed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohagt, 82524, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Osman Khalifa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen M Khormi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alkashif
- Physiology Department, faculty of Medicine, Merit University, Sohage, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Babadag S, Çelebi-Saltik B. A cellular regulator of the niche: telocyte. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2131955. [PMID: 36218299 PMCID: PMC10606812 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2131955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cells are present in the environment of stem cells in order to increase stem cell proliferation and differentiation and they are important to increase the efficiency of their transplantation. Telocytes (TCs) play an important role both in the preservation of tissue organ integrity and in the pathophysiology of many diseases, especially cancer. They make homo- or heterocellular contacts to form the structure of 3D network through their telopodes and deliver signaling molecules via a juxtacrine and/or paracrine association by budding shed vesicles into the vascular, nervous and endocrine systems. During this interaction, along with organelles, mRNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and genomic DNA are transferred. This review article not only specifies the properties of TCs and their roles in the tissue organ microenvironment but also gives information about the factors that play a role in the transport of epigenetic information by TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Babadag
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sihhiye, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sihhiye, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Turkey
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Mei L, Zhu Q, Bai X, Zhang Y, Huang H, Yang M, Shi Y, Liang C, Zhang Z, Chen Q. Cellular Evidence for Telocytes Mediating Electroacupuncture to Ameliorate Obesity in Mice. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1746-1754. [PMID: 37639834 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture has been generally applied to target obesity, the principle of which is based on the meridian in traditional Chinese medicine. Although Telocytes (TCs) have been reported as the potential essence of meridians, their specific role in the electroacupuncture treatment of obesity remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the cellular evidence for TC-mediated electroacupuncture to alleviate obesity. Mice were divided into three groups as follows: electroacupuncture group (EA), control group (CG), and normal group (NG). The present study showed that the weight of perirenal white adipose tissue (rWAT), the serum level of total cholesterol, and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all significantly decreased after electroacupuncture. Ultrastructurally, the prolongations (telopodes, Tps) of TCs were in direct contact with adipocytes, and lipid droplets were distributed on the surface of Tps. The proportions of double-positive fluorescent areas of TCs (CD34 and PDGFRα) were significantly elevated with concomitant elongated Tps in EA mice, as compared to those in CG mice. The expression of Cx43 and CD63 (gap junction and exosome markers) was significantly enhanced. These characteristics facilitated the transmission of electroacupuncture stimulation from skin to rWAT. We conclude that electroacupuncture relieved obesity by activating TCs morphologically, upregulating the gap junctions between TCs, and increasing the exosomes around TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Mei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qianmei Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Haixiang Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Min Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunhua Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Rutland CS, Soliman SA. Morphology of migrating telocytes and their potential role in stem cell differentiation during cartilage development in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1108-1121. [PMID: 37337938 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are present in a broad range of species and regulate processes including homeostasis, tissue regeneration and immunosurveillance. This novel study describes the morphological features of migrating TCs and their role during cartilage development within the air-breathing organ in Clarias gariepinus, the African sharptooth catfish. Light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to examine the TCs. TCs had a cell body and telopodes which formed 3D networks in the cartilage canals and extended their telopodes to become the foremost cellular elements penetrating the cartilage matrix. The TCs were also rich in lysosomes that secreted products to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, TCs formed a homocellular synaptic-like structure that had a synaptic cleft, and the presynaptic portion consisted of a slightly expanded terminal of the telopodes which contained intermediate filaments and secretory vesicles. Gap junctions were also identified between TCs, which also connected to mesenchymal stem cells, differentiating chondrogenic cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and endothelial cells. In addition to describing the basic morphology of TCs, the current study also investigated migrating TCs. The TC telopodes acquired an irregular contour when migrating rather than exhibiting an extended profile. Migrating TCs additionally had ill-defined cell bodies, condensed chromatin, thickened telopodes, and podoms which were closely attached to the cell body. The TCs also expressed markers for MMP-9, CD117, CD34 and RhoA. In conclusion, TCs may play multiple roles during development and maturation, including promoting angiogenesis, cell migration, and regulating stem cell differentiation. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Clarias gariepinus telocytes form 3D networks, extend their telopodes and contain lysosomes. Telocytes form a homocellular synaptic-like structure including clefts and a slightly expanded terminal of the telopodes which contains intermediate filaments and secretory vesicles. Gap junctions form between telocytes, which also connect to mesenchymal stem cells, differentiating chondrogenic cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and endothelial cells. Migrating telocytes were discovered which had ill-defined cell bodies, condensed chromatin, thickened telopodes exhibiting irregular contours, and podoms which were closely attached to the cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Fu H, Liu X, Shi L, Wang L, Fang H, Wang X, Song D. Regulatory roles of Osteopontin in lung epithelial inflammation and epithelial-telocyte interaction. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1381. [PMID: 37605313 PMCID: PMC10442477 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung epithelial cells play important roles in lung inflammation and injury, although mechanisms remain unclear. Osteopontin (OPN) has essential roles in epithelial damage and repair and in lung cancer biological behaviours. Telocyte (TC) is a type of interstitial cell that interacts with epithelial cells to alleviate acute inflammation and lung injury. The present studies aim at exploring potential mechanisms by which OPN regulates the epithelial origin lung inflammation and the interaction of epithelial cells with TCs in acute and chronic lung injury. METHODS The lung disease specificity of OPN and epithelial inflammation were defined by bioinformatics. We evaluated the regulatory roles of OPN in OPN-knockdown or over-expressed bronchial epithelia (HBEs) challenged with cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) or in animals with genome OPN knockout (gKO) or lung conditional OPN knockout (cKO). Acute lung injury and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were induced by smoking or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effects of OPN on PI3K subunits and ERK were assessed using the inhibitors. Spatialization and distribution of OPN, OPN-positive epithelial subtypes, and TCs were defined by spatial transcriptomics. The interaction between HBEs and TCs was assayed by the co-culture system. RESULTS Levels of OPN expression increased in smokers, smokers with COPD, and smokers with COPD and lung cancer, as compared with healthy nonsmokers. LPS and/or CSE induced over-production of cytokines from HBEs, dependent upon the dysfunction of OPN. The severity of lung inflammation and injury was significantly lower in OPN-gKO or OPN-cKO mice. HBEs transferred with OPN enhanced the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)CA/p110α, PIK3CB/p110β, PIK3CD/p110δ, PIK3CG/p110γ, PIK3R1, PIK3R2 or PIK3R3. Spatial locations of OPN and OPN-positive epithelial subtypes showed the tight contact of airway epithelia and TCs. Epithelial OPN regulated the epithelial communication with TCs, and the down-regulation of OPN induced more alterations in transcriptomic profiles than the up-regulation. CONCLUSION Our data evidenced that OPN regulated lung epithelial inflammation, injury, and cell communication between epithelium and TCs in acute and chronic lung injury. The conditional control of lung epithelial OPN may be an alternative for preventing and treating epithelial-origin lung inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & TherapyJinshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyShanghai Geriatric Medical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & TherapyJinshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Dongli Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineShanghai Xuhui Central HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, González-Gómez M, García MDP, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF, Díaz-Flores L. Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells in the Normal, Hyperplastic, and Adenomatous Human Parathyroid Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12118. [PMID: 37569493 PMCID: PMC10419317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes/CD34+ stromal cells (TCs/CD34+ SCs) have been studied in numerous organs and tissues, but their presence and characteristics in the parathyroid glands have not been explored. Using immunological and ultrastructural procedures, we assess the location, arrangement, and behavior of TCs/CD34+ SCs in normal human parathyroids, during their development and in their most frequent pathologic conditions. In normal parathyroids, TCs/CD34+ SCs show a small somatic body and long thin processes with a moniliform aspect, form labyrinthine systems, connect other neighboring TCs/CD34+ SCs, vessels, adipocytes, and parenchymal cells directly or by extracellular vesicles, and associate with collagen I. TCs/CD34+ SCs and collagen I are absent around vessels and adipocytes within parenchymal clusters. In developing parathyroids, TCs/CD34+ SC surround small parenchymal nests and adipocytes. In hyperplastic parathyroids, TCs/CD34+ SCs are prominent in some thickened internodular septa and surround small extraglandular parenchymal cell nests. TCs/CD34+ SCs are present in delimiting regions with compressed parathyroids and their capsule in adenomas but absent in most adenomatous tissue. In conclusion, TCs/CD34+ SCs are an important cellular component in the human parathyroid stroma, except around vessels within parenchymal nests. They show typical characteristics, including those of connecting cells, are present in developing parathyroids, and participate in the most frequent parathyroid pathology, including hyperplastic and adenomatous parathyroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
- Canary Biomedical Technology Institute, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Maria del Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins Megalab–Hospiten Hospitals, 38100 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
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Bai X, Mei L, Shi Y, Huang H, Guo Y, Liang C, Yang M, Wu R, Zhang Y, Chen Q. The Cellular Mechanism of Acupuncture for Ulcerative Colitis based on the Communication of Telocytes. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1190-1204. [PMID: 37749671 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture can ameliorate or treat diseases according to the meridian theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); however, its mechanism has not been scientifically clarified. On the other hand, telocytes (TCs) are morphologically in accordance with the meridian system, which needs further cytological investigations and acupuncture confirmation. The present study showed that acupuncture could activate TCs in several ways, alleviating rabbit ulcerative colitis. TCs could cytologically communicate the acupoints, the acupuncture sites in skin with their corresponding large intestine by TC homo-cellular junctions, exosomes around TCs, and TC-mediated nerves or blood vessels. TCs expressed transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4, the mechanosensitive channel protein that can transduce the mechanical stimulation of acupuncture into biochemical signals transferring along the extremely thin and long TCs. Collectively, a cellular mechanism diagram of acupuncture was concluded based on TC characteristics. Those results also confirmed the viewpoint that TCs were the key cells of meridian essence in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Lu Mei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Veterinary Institute, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haixiang Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yanna Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Chunhua Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Min Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Ruizhi Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
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Fernandez-Flores A, Cassarino DS. Type 2 Dermal Dendrocytes Are Telocytes and So Should They Be Called. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:351-353. [PMID: 36939132 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fernandez-Flores
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Hospital de la Reina, Ponferrada, Spain
- Department of Research, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - David S Cassarino
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Los Angeles Medical Center (LAMC), Southern California Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA
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Chunhua L, Xuebing B, Yonghong S, Min Y, Haixiang H, Jianming Y, Zhenwei Z, Qiusheng C. Distribution and Ultrastructural Features of Telocytes in the Pars Distalis of the Rat Pituitary Gland. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:658-664. [PMID: 37749715 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cells, are characterized by their smaller cellular body and extremely long, thin processes which are called telopodes (Tps). They have been described in multiple organs from diverse animals. Currently, the existence of TCs in rat pars distalis (PD) has remained unexplored. This investigation was undertaken to visualize the distribution and structural features of TCs in the PD using immunofluorescence (IF) and further validated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HE staining revealed the presence of interstitial cells in the peri-sinusoidal vessels spaces of the PD. Using IF, CD34/vimentin double-positive interstitial cells were identified as TCs in accordance with identification standards. TEM further verified the presence of TCs based on their unique ultrastructural features. TCs exhibited communication structures including cell connections and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Interestingly, TCs were in close proximity to the nerves. Most importantly, Tps extended toward the nerves, blood vessels, and glandular cells. TCs could be the structural foundation of a third regulatory system in rat PD according to the tight connections of TCs with sinusoid vessels, glandular cells, EVs and most crucially the nerves. Taken together, these morphological and structural findings demonstrate that TCs are vital components of the rat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chunhua
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Bai Xuebing
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Shi Yonghong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Min
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Huang Haixiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yue Jianming
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Zhang Zhenwei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Chen Qiusheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
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Aschacher T, Aschacher O, Schmidt K, Enzmann FK, Eichmair E, Winkler B, Arnold Z, Nagel F, Podesser BK, Mitterbauer A, Messner B, Grabenwöger M, Laufer G, Ehrlich MP, Bergmann M. The Role of Telocytes and Telocyte-Derived Exosomes in the Development of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094730. [PMID: 35563123 PMCID: PMC9099883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) is the degenerative remodeling of aortic wall, which leads to progressive aortic dilatation and resulting in an increased risk for aortic dissection or rupture. Telocytes (TCs), a distinct type of interstitial cells described in many tissues and organs, were recently observed in the aortic wall, and studies showed the potential regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) homeostasis by TC-released shed vesicles. The purpose of the present work was to study the functions of TCs in medial degeneration of TAA. During aneurysmal formation an increase of aortic TCs was identified in human surgical specimens of TAA-patients, compared to healthy thoracic aortic (HTA)-tissue. We found the presence of epithelial progenitor cells in the adventitial layer, which showed increased infiltration in TAA samples. For functional analysis, HTA- and TAA-telocytes were isolated, characterized, and compared by their protein levels, mRNA- and miRNA-expression profiles. We detected TC and TC-released exosomes near SMCs. TAA-TC-exosomes showed a significant increase of the SMC-related dedifferentiation markers KLF-4-, VEGF-A-, and PDGF-A-protein levels, as well as miRNA-expression levels of miR-146a, miR-221 and miR-222. SMCs treated with TAA-TC-exosomes developed a dedifferentiation-phenotype. In conclusion, the study shows for the first time that TCs are involved in development of TAA and could play a crucial role in SMC phenotype switching by release of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aschacher
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardio-Vascular Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (Z.A.); (M.G.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-277-00-74316
| | - Olivia Aschacher
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Florian K. Enzmann
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Eva Eichmair
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Bernhard Winkler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardio-Vascular Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (Z.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Arnold
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardio-Vascular Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (Z.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Felix Nagel
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.N.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Bruno K. Podesser
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.N.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Andreas Mitterbauer
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Barbara Messner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Martin Grabenwöger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardio-Vascular Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (Z.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Günther Laufer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Marek P. Ehrlich
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.); (M.B.)
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16
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Mohamedien D, Awad M. Pulmonary Guardians and Special Regulatory Devices in the Lung of Nile Monitor Lizard ( Varanus niloticus) with Special Attention to the Communication Between Telocyte, Pericyte, and Immune Cells. Microsc Microanal 2022; 28:281-287. [PMID: 34955118 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762101388x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitor lizards are acclimatized to a variety of environments. Most of the monitor species are terrestrial, although there are arboreal and semiaquatic monitors. Such accommodation requires unique cellular structure and regulatory devices in various organs, particularly their lungs. This study aimed to report the pulmonary guardians and special regulatory devices that may guard and promote the function of the lungs of the Nile monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus). Specially structured vessels were recorded in the pulmonary tissue involving atypical glomus vessels, vessels with variable wall thickness, and a venule with specialized internal elastic membrane. Moreover, numerous lung resident guardians could be identified including both alveolar and interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and B- and T-lymphocytes. Pericytes were demonstrated surrounding the capillary endothelium with a characteristic direct hetero-cellular junction with telocytes. Telocytes established a microenvironment through an indirect hetero-cellular junction with the interstitial macrophage, dendritic cells, and pneumocyte type II. Collectively, these data indicate a significant role played by the specially structured vessels and the resident immune cells in guarding the pulmonary tissue of the Nile monitor lizards and promoting its function. Telocytes are suggested to play a key role in angiogenesis and cellular communication to promote the function of the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mohamedien
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Awad
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
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17
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Karasu Y, Önal D, Zırh S, Yersal N, Korkmaz H, Üstün Y, Müftüoğlu S, Pehlivanoğlu B. Role of telocytes in the pathogenesis of ectopic pregnancy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:110-119. [PMID: 35049026 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202201_27754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of telocytes on tubal motility in ectopic pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included patients with ectopic pregnancy (EP) (n=10) and control patients (n=10) (partial salpingectomy for contraception). Immunohistochemical staining for c-Kit, vimentin, CD34 and S100A was performed to quantify telocytes in the mucosa, muscular layer and serosa of fallopian tubes of control and EP group. Spontaneous and KCl- (80 mM) induced contraction and cumulative progesterone dose-relaxation (10-11-10-5 M) and cumulative oxytocin dose-contraction (10-10-10-4 M) responses were recorded. RESULTS The groups were comparable in terms of age, gravida, parity, delivery type and gestational week (p>0.05). The homogenous distribution of telocytes in the mucosa and muscular layers of the control group, changed to heterogeneous localization the EP group. Immunohistochemical staining with vimentin, S100A, c-Kit and CD34, revealed increased telocyte counts in the muscular layer and serosa of the tubal tissues of EP. The frequency of the spontaneous contractions was higher in the control group (p<0.001); contrarily, the amplitude of the contractions was higher in ectopic pregnancies (p<0.001). Although the cumulative oxytocin dose-contraction curves were similar at all concentrations (p>0.05), the cumulative progesterone dose-relaxation curves exhibited higher relaxation response in the EP group at all concentrations (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased telocyte count in the fallopian tube may decrease tubal motility and may affect the transfer of the blastocyst to the uterus and possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Karasu
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Chen X, Zeng J, Huang Y, Gong M, Ye Y, Zhao H, Chen Z, Zhang H. Telocytes and their structural relationships with surrounding cell types in the skin of silky fowl by immunohistochemistrical, transmission electron microscopical and morphometric analysis. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101367. [PMID: 34325111 PMCID: PMC8334741 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cells, were identified in various animals. Since TCs have not observed in avian skin, hence, we carried out immunohistochemistrical and transmission electron microscopical studies in the skin of the silky fowl to investigate the TCs. TCs appear as CD34, c-Kit, and PDGFRα immunopositive. The elongated TCs with 2 long and thin telopodes (Tps) are located in the dermis. Generally, a TC possesses a fusiform, ovoid and polygonal cell body with 2 Tps (lengths = 5.27-21.85 μm), which are uneven in thickness including thick sections - podoms (diameters = 0.40-0.47 μm) and thin sections - podomers (diameters = 0.03-0.04 μm). TCs/Tps are observed frequently in close proximity to neighboring cell types/structures, such as adipocytes, collagen fibers, and capillaries. Under a magnified field, homocellular TCs/Tps contacts are observed through gap junctions (distances = 0.01-0.05 μm), whereas some of TCs/Tps have heterocellular close contacts by point contacts with surrounding cells, including stem cells and melanocytes. The multivisicular bodies, especially exosomes (diameters = 0.09-0.23 μm) releasing from TCs/Tps are observed in close proximity to TCs/Tps. Our results illustrated that the novel type of interstitial cells - TCs are present in the dermis of the silky fowl, and they have special structural relationships with surrounding cell types. The study provides histological evidence for TCs involvement in intercellular communication, skin regeneration, and pigmentogenesis in avian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshu Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Meiling Gong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Yaqiong Ye
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Zhisheng Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Gil A, Aleksandrovych V. Telocytes in rat lungs: an essential pool of cells or not? Folia Med Cracov 2021; 61:53-63. [PMID: 34510164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
B a c k g r o u n d: The histology of the lung includes a variety of cell types. Fibrosis is a universal process, occurring in the skin, intestine, heart, muscles, kidney, blood vessels, liver, and also the lungs. Telocytes are a type of cells with a wide range of properties, which were previously described in healthy and disease-affected organs of human and animal organisms. A i m: This study aimed to identify telocytes in the lungs of rats and discuss their possible role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. M e t h o d s: Tissue samples were taken from a group of ten male Wistar rats. Further histological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Double immunolabeling for c-kit, vimentin, CD34, and PDGFRα has revealed telocytes in the lungs. R e s u l t s: In all tissue samples, telocytes have been identified (in the area of interalveolar septa, close to blood vessels, and between the airway epithelium). C o n c l u s i o n: Telocytes might be directly and indirectly (through contact with stem cells, secretomes, and reduction in number) involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. The heterogeneity of the telocyte population in different pathologies and their subtypes, as well as their tendency to be common stress their important role in pathological physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Klein M, Lapides L, Fecmanova D, Varga I. From TELOCYTES to TELOCYTOPATHIES. Do Recently Described Interstitial Cells Play a Role in Female Idiopathic Infertility? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120688. [PMID: 33322273 PMCID: PMC7764341 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klein
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Lenka Lapides
- ISCARE, Reproduction Clinic, Gyneacology & Urology, 82109 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Denisa Fecmanova
- First Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ivan Varga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-90-119-547
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Abdel-Maksoud FM, Hussein MM, Hamdy A, Ibrahim IAA. Anatomical, Histological, and Electron Microscopic Structures of Syrinx in Male Budgerigars ( Melopsittacus undulatus). Microsc Microanal 2020; 26:1226-1235. [PMID: 33143802 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The syrinx is the main source for phonation in birds, its function is analogous to the mammalian larynx. Birds have both a larynx and a syrinx, but they use only the latter to vocalize. The objective of this work to give a detailed description of the anatomical, histological, and ultrastructural of syrinx in male budgerigars as a model of a passerine bird. The syrinx in the current study was to be found as a tracheobronchial type, it consists of cranial (tympanum) part and caudal (bronchosyringeal) part and, additionally, there are lateral vibrating membranes. The tympanum is formed of the last six tracheal rings, histologically its lamina epithelialis is a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and interrupted by intraepithelial glands. The secretory acini appear oval and lined by pyramidal secretory cells. The lamina propria–submucosa contain numerous blood capillaries, immune cells, and telocytes (TCs). The electron microscopic examination revealed numerous blood capillaries surrounded by fibroblasts and numerous immune cells, including mast cells and wandering leukocytes, within the tympanum mucosa. Hence, this study provides a detailed knowledge about the syrinx in male budgerigars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hussein
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira Hamdy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Ismail Abdel-Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Xuebing B, Ruizhi W, Yue Z, Chunhua L, Yonghong S, Yingxin Z, Baitao D, Tarique I, Ping Y, Qiusheng C. Tissue Micro-channels Formed by Collagen Fibers and their Internal Components: Cellular Evidence of Proposed Meridian Conduits in Vertebrate Skin. Microsc Microanal 2020; 26:1069-1075. [PMID: 32883394 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify fine structures of the hypothetical meridian conduits of Chinese traditional medicine (CTM) in the skin, the present study used light and transmission electron microscopy to examine fasciae in different vertebrate species. Collagen fiber bundles and layers were arranged in a crisscross pattern, which developed into a special tissue micro-channel (TMC) network, in a manner that was analogs to the proposed skin meridian conduits. It was further revealed that tissue fluid in lateral TMC branches drained into wide longitudinal channels, which were distinctly different from lymphatic capillary. Mast cells, macrophages, and extracellular vesicles such as ectosomes and exosomes were distributed around telocytes (TCs) and their long processes (Telopodes, Tps) within the TMC. Cell junctions between TCs developed, which could enable the communication between contiguous but distant Tps. On the other hand, winding free Tps without cell junctions were also uncovered inside the TMC. Tissue fluid, cell junctions of TCs, mast cells, macrophages, and extracellular vesicles within the TMC corresponded to the circulating "" ("Qi-Xue", i.e., information, message, and energy) of meridian conduits at the cytological level. These results could provide morphological evidence for the hypothesis that "meridians are the conduit for Qi-Xue circulation" in CTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Xuebing
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Wu Ruizhi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Zhang Yue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Liang Chunhua
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Shi Yonghong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Zhang Yingxin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Ding Baitao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Yang Ping
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Chen Qiusheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
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Bayrak O, Basmaci I, Bozdag Z, Sen H, Erturhan S, Balat A, Seckiner I. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Cajal-like cells and Caveolin-1 levels at ureteropelvic junction obstruction. ARCH ESP UROL 2019; 72:690-696. [PMID: 31475680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare c-kit-positive interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICC) and Caveolin-1 protein levels as a pacemaker and signaling molecules, on ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) specimens, between two groups of pediatric patients with and without ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). METHODS We evaluated the UPJ specimens of 45 pediatric patients operated between 2005- 2012 retrospectively. Group 1 included 37 patients who underwent dismembered pyeloplasty due to UPJO. Eight patients underwent nephrectomy by the other reasons (renal tumor, trauma etc) and had normal UPJ were accepted as Group 2. The specimens were examined immunohistochemically with CD117 and Caveolin-1 antibody. According to the total number of ICC; 0-5 cells were accepted as a few (1), 610 cells as moderate (2), and > 10 as many (3). According to the staining intensity of Caveolin-1 at muscle tissue, a subjective evaluation was performed as; mild staining (1), moderate staining (2) and strong staining (3). RESULTS The mean value of ICC distribution was calculated 1.37 ± 0.54 in Group 1 and 2.13 ± 0.64 in Group 2 (p = 0.003), and the median value of ICC distribution was found 1 [1-3] in Group 1 and 2 [1-3] in Group 2 (p = 0.008). Median values for the intensity of staining with Caveolin-1 were found 2 [1-3] in the Group 1, and 2.5 [2-3] in the Group 2 (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS A decrease in ICC and Caveolin-1 levels support that there may be a relationship between ICC and Caveolin-1 for UPJO associated with signal transduction and peristalsis in urinary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Bayrak
- University of Gaziantep. School of Medicine. Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Ismail Basmaci
- University of Gaziantep. School of Medicine. Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Zehra Bozdag
- University of Gaziantep. School of Medicine. Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Haluk Sen
- University of Gaziantep. School of Medicine. Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Sakip Erturhan
- University of Gaziantep. School of Medicine. Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Ayse Balat
- University of Gaziantep. School of Medicine. Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Ilker Seckiner
- University of Gaziantep. School of Medicine. Gaziantep. Turkey
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Abstract
Telocytes are emerging cell population localized in the stroma of numerous organs, characterized by a distinctive morphology - small cell body with very long, slender prolongations, termed telopodes. Those cells can be found in the whole female reproductive system: in the vagina, uterus, oviducts and ovaries, mammary glands and also in the placenta. In our review, we aim at complete and transparent revision of the current knowledge of telocytes' localization and function, enriched by the analysis of the possible future direction of development of their clinical applications. The function of telocytes in the reproductive system has not been fully elucidated yet; however, many researchers point at their role in the regulation of local microenvironment, myogenic contractile mechanism, bioelectrical signaling, immunomodulation and regulation of blood flow. Additionally, previous research suggests that telocytes might act as sex hormone level sensors and are connected with pregnancy maintenance. As the morphology and number of those cells change under pathological conditions, such as pre-eclampsia, endometriosis and ovarian failure, there is a chance that they may contribute to therapy of abovementioned conditions. The impact of telocytes on stem cells and angiogenesis has been proven in many organs, and may be useful in regenerative medicine of the female reproductive system. A recently found connection between the proliferation rate of breast cancer cells and stromal cells like telocytes might be a step forward to the management of mammary gland neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Janas
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Kucybała
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Hubert Huras
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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