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Śmierciak N, Krzyściak W, Szwajca M, Karcz P, Bryll A, Popiela TJ, Donicz P, Turek A, Aleksandrovych V, Pilecki M. Benefits and Meaning of Lipids Profile in Relation to Oxidative Balance and Brain Morphology in Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11375. [PMID: 37511134 PMCID: PMC10379229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by complex metabolic dysregulations and their consequences. Until now, numerous theories have explained its pathogenesis, using a spectrum of available technologies. We focused our interest on lipid profile-periphery high-density cholesterol level and lipoproteins in the human brain and compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with schizophrenia and the healthy group. Detailed analysis of biochemical parameters was performed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our study aimed to reveal correlations between periphery high-density lipoproteins levels and lipoproteins in the brain, depicted in MRI scans, and parameters of peripheral oxidative stress expressed as paraoxonase. Patients with schizophrenia have decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins, low paraoxonase activity, and slightly raised sodium in the blood. Positive significant correlations between serum high-density cholesterol and anterior cingulate cortex, unique brain area for schizophrenia pathophysiology, MR spectroscopy signals, and diffusion have been revealed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the effect of an anterior cingulate disorder on high-density cholesterol levels on the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Śmierciak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Szwajca
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Karcz
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland
| | - Amira Bryll
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz J Popiela
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Donicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Turek
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
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Skowron K, Stach P, Kurnik-Łucka M, Chwaleba K, Giełczyński M, Suchy W, Aleksandrovych V, Jurczyk M, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Gil K. Expanded insights into the neural component of the activity-based anorexia animal model - morphological changes in the enteric nervous system and altered pain perception. Folia Med Cracov 2023; 63:53-78. [PMID: 37406277 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2023.145430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by distinct etiopathogenetic concepts that are gradually being linked together to unravel the dominant pathophysiological pathways underlying the disease. Excessive food restrictions, often accompanied by over-exercise and undertaken to lose weight, lead to the development of numerous complications. The biological concept of neurohormonal dysfunction in AN seems incomplete without demonstrating or excluding the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Using an animal model of activity-based anorexia (ABA), we conducted the preliminary assessment of the ENS structure. Here we show, in preparations stained by immunohistochemistry with anti- ChAT, anti-NOS, anti-PGP 9.5, anti-c-fos, and anti-TH antibodies, a lower density of cholinergic and nitrergic nerve fibers as well as reduced neuronal activity in myenteric plexus. Such structural and functional damage to the ENS may be responsible for a number of gastrointestinal symptoms that worsen the course of the disease. In addition, we expanded the study to address the unresolved issue of mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity in AN. The Von Frey and hot plate tests revealed, that in ABA animals, the pain threshold for mechanical stimulus decreases while for thermal increases. In this way, we have significantly supplemented the background of AN with potentially observable nervous system changes which may influence the evolution of the therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skowron
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Stach
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chwaleba
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Giełczyński
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Suchy
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Jurczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Wrona A, Aleksandrovych V, Gil A, Kurnik-Łucka M, Walocha JA, Gil K. Retrospective analysis of a case report of a left ovarian ectopic pregnancy after the former tubal. Folia Med Cracov 2022; 62:121-135. [PMID: 36854092 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2022.142372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Up to 2% of pregnancies may be extrauterine. Despite reproductive problems, they might increase the risk of serious complications. We present a case report of a 31-year-old woman with two extrauterine pregnancies - tubal and ovarian, which occurred at the same side with little time difference. In addition, we aimed to examine possible reasons underlying this rare pathology. Thus, surgically removed tissue specimens were morphologically assessed and further compared with specimens from healthy control patients. Telocytes were analysed in detail due to their pivotal role in the female reproductive system. Our study had observational character and obvious limitations typical for a clinical case. Yet, such a clinical case of two ectopic pregnancies has not been previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wrona
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward with Gynecologic Oncology Subdivision, J. Śniadecki's Specialistic Hospital, Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | | | - Anna Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy A Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Kurnik-Łucka M, Latacz G, Goryl J, Aleksandrovych V, Gil K. Salsolinol Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against MPP + Damage and Increases Enteric S100-Immunoreactivity in Wistar Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1347-1359. [PMID: 36449199 PMCID: PMC10066146 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A dopamine derivative, 1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, known as salsolinol (SAL), has increasingly gained attention since its first detection in the urine of Parkinson's disease patients treated with levodopa, and has been proposed as a possible neurotoxic contributor to the disease. Yet, so far, the neurobiological role of SAL remains unclear. Thus, the main aims of our study were to compare the neurotoxic potential of SAL with MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) in vitro, and to examine intestinal and metabolic alterations following intraperitoneal SAL administration in vivo. In vitro, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line was monitored following MPP+ and SAL treatment. In vivo, Wistar rats were subjected to SAL administration by either osmotic intraperitoneal mini-pumps or a single intraperitoneal injection, and after two weeks, biochemical and morphological parameters were assessed. SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ (1000 μM) and SAL (50 µM) showed increase in cell viability and fluorescence intensity in comparison with the cells treated with MPP+ alone. In vivo, we predominantly observed decreased collagen content in the submucosal layer, decreased neuronal density with comparable ganglionic area in the jejunal myenteric plexus, and increased glial S100 expression in both enteric plexuses, yet with no obvious signs of inflammation. Besides, glucose and triglycerides levels were lower after single SAL-treatment (200 mg/kg), and low- to high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio and aspartate to alanine aminotransferases (AST/ALT) ratio levels were higher after continuous SAL-treatment (200 mg/kg in total over 2 weeks). Low doses of SAL were non-toxic and exhibited pronounced neuroprotective properties against MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cell line, which supports the use of SAL as a reference compound for in vitro studies. In vivo results give insight into our understanding of gastrointestinal remodeling following intraperitoneal SAL administration, and might represent morphological correlates of a microglial-related enteric neurodegeneration and dopaminergic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Goryl
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow, Poland
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
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Aleksandrovych V, Gil A, Poniatowski A. Notes about telocytes and immunity. Folia Med Cracov 2022; 62:101-109. [PMID: 36309835 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2022.142373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interstitial cells known as telocytes have been described in various organs. Their role in the normal physiology and pathogenesis of numerous diseases is well known. They have been described in the context of various diseases (gallstone disease, endometriosis, uterine myoma, hydronephrosis, myocardial infraction, psoriasis, etc.), while their impact on inflammation, involvement in angiogenesis, and repair highlights their part in local homeostasis. What is known about their relationship with the immune system? Their secretomes, genome, immune profiles, contacts with surrounding cells, and specific localization allow us to give a possible explanation for their involvement in pathological pathways. This review aims to present the roles and features of telocytes in the context of intestinal immunity (the largest in our body), in the spleen, their interactions with immunocytes, and their place in stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrian Poniatowski
- Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
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Aleksandrovych V, Bereza T, Ulatowska-Białas M, Pasternak A, Walocha JA, Pityński K, Gil K. Identification of PDGFRα+ cells in uterine fibroids - link between angiogenesis and uterine telocytes. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1329-1337. [PMID: 36160340 PMCID: PMC9479735 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telocytes (TCs), also called interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC), CD34+ cells or PDGFRα+ cells (platelet-derived growth factor receptor α positive cells), a new type of cell of mesenchymal origin, were described over one decade ago. The unique nature of these cells still deserves attention from the scientific community. Telocytes make homo- and heterocellular contact with myocytes, immunocytes and nerves, have their own immunohistochemical and secretome profiles and thus might regulate local regenerative processes including angiogenesis and fibrosis. The aim of our study was to observe the missing link between angiogenesis and telocytes in leiomyoma, the most common benign tumors affecting women of reproductive age. MATERIAL AND METHODS We observed uterine tissue samples from leiomyoma, adjacent myometrium and unchanged tissue from patients with leiomyoma and control subjects using routine histology, histochemistry, immunofluorescence (CD117, CD31, CD34, PDGFRα, tryptase, sFlt-1) and image analysis methods. RESULTS The decline of the telocyte density in the foci of fibroids correlated with poor vascularization inside the leiomyoma. Moreover, the expression of sFlt-1 (anti-angiogenic-related factor) significantly increased inside a fibroid. In leiomyoma the decrease of telocyte and blood micro-vessel density was accompanied by prevalence of collagen deposits, unlike the unchanged myometrium. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate TCs in human uterine fibroids and highlight their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of myometrial pathology in the context of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Artur Pasternak
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy A. Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Pityński
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract
There are several theories explaining the communication between cells in the context of tumor development. Over the years, interactions between normal and transformed cells have been observed. Generally, all types of cells make equal contributions to the formation of the tumor microenvironment - a location of primary oncogenesis. To date, several studies have reported the role of telocytes in cancer development, and many publications have emphasized the direct and indirect involvement of telocytes in angiogenesis; signaling through the secretion of extracellular vesicles, growth factors, and bioactive molecules; fibrosis development and extracellular matrix production; tissue repair and regeneration; and immune responses. Considering the main components of the tumor microenvironment, we will discuss the features of telocytes and their possible involvement in local tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Skowron K, Kurnik-Łucka M, Jurczyk M, Aleksandrovych V, Stach P, Dadański E, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Jasiński K, Węglarz WP, Mazur P, Podlasz P, Wąsowicz K, Gil K. Is the Activity-Based Anorexia Model a Reliable Method of Presenting Peripheral Clinical Features of Anorexia Nervosa? Nutrients 2021; 13:2876. [PMID: 34445036 PMCID: PMC8399373 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) causes the highest number of deaths among all psychiatric disorders. Reduction in food intake and hyperactivity/increased anxiety observed in AN are also the core features of the activity-based anorexia animal model (ABA). Our aim was to assess how the acute ABA protocol mimics common AN complications, including gonadal and cardiovascular dysfunctions, depending on gender, age, and initial body weight, to form a comprehensive description of ABA as a reliable research tool. Wheel running, body weight, and food intake of adolescent female and male rats were monitored. Electrocardiography, heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements were performed. Immediately after euthanasia, tissue fragments and blood were collected for further analysis. Uterine weight was 2 times lower in ABA female rats, and ovarian tissue exhibited a reduced number of antral follicles and decreased expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Cardiovascular measurements revealed autonomic decompensation with prolongation of QRS complex and QT interval. The ABA model is a reliable research tool for presenting the breakdown of adaptation mechanisms observed in severe AN. Cardiac and hormonal features of ABA with underlying altered neuroendocrine pathways create a valid phenotype of a human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skowron
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Michał Jurczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Paulina Stach
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Emil Dadański
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Jasiński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (K.J.); (W.P.W.)
| | - Władysław P. Węglarz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (K.J.); (W.P.W.)
| | - Paulina Mazur
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (P.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Wąsowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (P.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
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Aleksandrovych V, Wrona A, Bereza T, Pityński K, Gil K. Oviductal Telocytes in Patients with Uterine Myoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081060. [PMID: 34440264 PMCID: PMC8391874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubal factor infertility occurs in 30–35% of infertile pairs and may be caused by impaired muscular contractility and ciliary beating as well as immunological imbalance and chronic inflammation. Newly discovered telocytes (TCs) have a wide palette of features, which play a role in oviduct physiology. We have observed tissue samples from human fallopian tubes in patients with and without uterine myoma by immunolabelling. According to the immunohistochemical co-expression of markers, it has been determined that TCs are engaged in a wide range of physiological processes, including local innervation, sensitivity to hypoxia, regulation of calcium, and sex steroid hormones balances. Due to the proximity of NOS- and ChAT-positive nerve fibers and the expression of ion channels markers, tubal TCs might be considered conductor cells. Additionally, their integration in contractions and cilia physiology in the context of fertility has been revealed. We have observed the difference in telocytes expression in the human oviduct between groups of patients and attempted to describe this population of cells specifically in the case of infertility development, a clinically relevant avenue for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Wrona
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward with Gynecologic Oncology Subdivision, J.Śniadecki’s Specialistic Hospital, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Pityński
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Knapik-Czajka M, Jurczyk M, Bieleń J, Aleksandrovych V, Gawędzka A, Stach P, Drąg J, Gil K. Effect of 5-fluorouracil on branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex in rat's heart. Folia Med Cracov 2021; 61:121-129. [PMID: 34185773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Undisturbed branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism is necessary for normal heart function. The key enzyme in BCAA catabolism is a multienzyme branched-chain α-keto acid dehydro- genase complex (BCKDH). BCKDH activity is regulated mainly by reversible dephosphorylation (activa- tion)/phosphorylation (inactivation) cycle catalyzed by regulatory enzymes, a specific phosphatase (PPM1K) and kinase (BDK). 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of different types of cancer. 5-FU has the potential to cause a wide spectrum of cardiotoxicity, ranging from asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes to cardiomyopathy and subsequent cardiac failure. We hypothesize that 5-FU modifies BCKDH activity and affects cardiac muscle metabolism. The current study was aimed at the investigation of the in vivo effect of 5-FU on BCKDH activity and mRNA levels for E1, PPM1K and BDK. Wistar male rats were administered with 4 doses of 5-FU, 150 mg/kg b.wt. each (study group) or 0.3% methylcellulose (control group). BCKDH activity was assayed spectrophotometrically. The mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR. 5-FU treatment caused an increase in BCKDH activity that appears to result mainly from increased dephosphorylation of the complex and is associated with an increase of PPM1K mRNA level and reduction of BDK and E1 mRNA levels. It is conceivable that 5-FU stimulation of BCKDH is an adaptive reaction with the purpose of enhancing the BCAA catabolism and protecting from toxic effect caused by excessive accumulation of these amino acids in heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Jurczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Bieleń
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakóow, Poland
| | | | - Anna Gawędzka
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Stach
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jagoda Drąg
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakóow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Gil A, Aleksandrovych V. Telocytes in rat lungs: an essential pool of cells or not? Folia Med Cracov 2021; 61:53-63. [PMID: 34510164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
B a c k g r o u n d: The histology of the lung includes a variety of cell types. Fibrosis is a universal process, occurring in the skin, intestine, heart, muscles, kidney, blood vessels, liver, and also the lungs. Telocytes are a type of cells with a wide range of properties, which were previously described in healthy and disease-affected organs of human and animal organisms. A i m: This study aimed to identify telocytes in the lungs of rats and discuss their possible role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. M e t h o d s: Tissue samples were taken from a group of ten male Wistar rats. Further histological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Double immunolabeling for c-kit, vimentin, CD34, and PDGFRα has revealed telocytes in the lungs. R e s u l t s: In all tissue samples, telocytes have been identified (in the area of interalveolar septa, close to blood vessels, and between the airway epithelium). C o n c l u s i o n: Telocytes might be directly and indirectly (through contact with stem cells, secretomes, and reduction in number) involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. The heterogeneity of the telocyte population in different pathologies and their subtypes, as well as their tendency to be common stress their important role in pathological physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Aleksandrovych V, Gil A, Wrona A. Sex steroid hormone receptors of telocytes - potential key role in leiomyoma development. Folia Med Cracov 2020; 60:81-95. [PMID: 33252597 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.135015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyoma is the most widespread benign tumor affecting women of childbearing age. There are still gaps in the understanding of its pathogenesis. Telocytes are unique cells found in more than 50 different locations inside the human body. The functional relationship between cells could clarify the pathogenesis of leiomyomata. Examination of membrane receptors on telocytes could explain their role in fibrosis, oxidative stress, and myometrial contractility. AIM This research was conducted to assess the density of telocytes in terms of their putative role in leiomyoma formation by focusing on their correlation with the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. METHODS For gross evaluation of uterine tissue samples from leiomyoma, routine histology of adjacent and unaffected myometrium was performed. Immunohistochemical analysis of c-kit, tryptase, CD34, PDGFRα (telocyte-specific), and ER and PRs (estrogen and progesterone receptors) was performed to examine uterine telocytes and the expression of sex steroid receptors. RESULTS The decline in telocyte density in leiomyoma foci was correlated with high progesterone expression and low estrogen receptor expression. The unchanged myometrium showed the opposite correlation and balance between both steroid hormone receptors. The difference in sex steroid receptor expression is correlated with the density of uterine telocytes, which emphasizes their conductor function. CONCLUSIONS A reduction in telocyte density and the changes in examined marker expression demonstrate the involvement of telocytes in local homeostasis. The expression of membrane receptors explicitly indicates their functional potential in the human myometrium, focusing attention on contractility and local homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wrona
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward, Gynecologic Oncology Subdivision, J. Śniadecki Specialist Hospital Nowy Sącz, Poland
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Lis GJ, Dubrowski A, Lis M, Solewski B, Witkowska K, Aleksandrovych V, Jasek-Gajda E, Hołda MK, Gil K, Litwin JA. Identification of CD34+/PGDFRα+ Valve Interstitial Cells (VICs) in Human Aortic Valves: Association of Their Abundance, Morphology and Spatial Organization with Early Calcific Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176330. [PMID: 32878299 PMCID: PMC7503258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) constitute a heterogeneous population involved in the maintenance of unique valvular architecture, ensuring proper hemodynamic function but also engaged in valve degeneration. Recently, cells similar to telocytes/interstitial Cajal-like cells described in various organs were found in heart valves. The aim of this study was to examine the density, distribution, and spatial organization of a VIC subset co-expressing CD34 and PDGFRα in normal aortic valves and to investigate if these cells are associated with the occurrence of early signs of valve calcific remodeling. We examined 28 human aortic valves obtained upon autopsy. General valve morphology and the early signs of degeneration were assessed histochemically. The studied VICs were identified by immunofluorescence (CD34, PDGFRα, vimentin), and their number in standardized parts and layers of the valves was evaluated. In order to show the complex three-dimensional structure of CD34+/PDGFRα+ VICs, whole-mount specimens were imaged by confocal microscopy, and subsequently rendered using the Imaris (Bitplane AG, Zürich, Switzerland) software. CD34+/PDGFRα+ VICs were found in all examined valves, showing significant differences in the number, distribution within valve tissue, spatial organization, and morphology (spherical/oval without projections; numerous short projections; long, branching, occasionally moniliform projections). Such a complex morphology was associated with the younger age of the subjects, and these VICs were more frequent in the spongiosa layer of the valve. Both the number and percentage of CD34+/PDGFRα+ VICs were inversely correlated with the age of the subjects. Valves with histochemical signs of early calcification contained a lower number of CD34+/PDGFRα+ cells. They were less numerous in proximal parts of the cusps, i.e., areas prone to calcification. The results suggest that normal aortic valves contain a subpopulation of CD34+/PDGFRα+ VICs, which might be involved in the maintenance of local microenvironment resisting to pathologic remodeling. Their reduced number in older age could limit the self-regenerative properties of the valve stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz J. Lis
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (E.J.-G.); (J.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrzej Dubrowski
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (A.D.); (M.K.H.)
| | - Maciej Lis
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland; (M.L.); (B.S.); (K.W.)
- HEART—Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernard Solewski
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland; (M.L.); (B.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Karolina Witkowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland; (M.L.); (B.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Kraków, Poland; (V.A.); (K.G.)
| | - Ewa Jasek-Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (E.J.-G.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Mateusz K. Hołda
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (A.D.); (M.K.H.)
- HEART—Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Kraków, Poland; (V.A.); (K.G.)
| | - Jan A. Litwin
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (E.J.-G.); (J.A.L.)
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Abstract
Knowledge of uterine fibroids has existed since the time of Hippocrates. However, there are still wide gaps in the understanding of its pathogenesis. No single theory explains the background of uterine fibroid pathology, which affects more than 50% of women worldwide. By contrast, a newly depicted cell type called telocytes was only recently identified in the past twenty years. These cells have evoked ambivalent opinions in the scientific community. The unique features of telocytes coupled with experimental evidence by numerous researchers and our hypotheses and conceptions are discussed in this review. We emphasize the main telocyte interactions in the context of the uterine fibroid architecture. This review reveals the pivotal role of telocytes, describing their contacts with smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, vessels and nerves, inflammatory cells and stem cells. Our data are based on the latest publications and our own results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artur Pasternak
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Skowron K, Aleksandrovych V, Kurnik-Łucka M, Stach P, Baranowska A, Skowron B, Gil K. Aberrations in the female reproductive organs and a role of telocytes in a rat model of anorexia nervosa. Folia Med Cracov 2019; 58:115-125. [PMID: 30521516 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2018.125077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa is a widely prevalent eating disorder that o en leads to life-threatening complications. Since it mostly concerns females, many authors have focused on studying the reproductive system in anorexic women. Recently discovered telocytes may give a new insight into the pathophysiology of gynecological complications in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We adopted an animal model of anorexia nervosa induced by voluntary physical activity. Sixteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and activity-based anorexia. When the weight loss of activity-based anorexia (ABA) rats reached 25% animals were euthanized. Size and weight measurements as well as histopathological analysis of the reproductive organs were performed. Additionally, we used immunohistochemical staining for detection of telocytes. RESULTS Telocytes were identified in uteri of anorectic rats but no differences were observed when compared to the control group. Nevertheless, in the ABA group the weight of the uteri and the number of follicles in the ovaries decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our rat model of anorexia nervosa mimics the effects of this eating disorder that occur in the female reproductive system since we reported ovarian dysfunction and uterine involution in the experimental animals. It supports its potential role in the further studies of anorexia pathophysiology and treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skowron
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Stach
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baranowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Skowron
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland.
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Aleksandrovych V, Białas M, Pasternak A, Bereza T, Sajewicz M, Walocha J, Gil K. Identification of uterine telocytes and their architecture in leiomyoma. Folia Med Cracov 2019; 58:89-102. [PMID: 30521514 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2018.125075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine leiomyoma is the most widespread benign tumor affecting women of childbearing age. ere are still gaps in the understanding of its pathogenesiss. Telocytes are unique cells described in greater than 50 different locations inside the human body. The functional relationship of cells could clarify the pathogenesis of leiomyomata. In the current study, we focused on the identification of telocytes in all regions of the human uterus to explain their involvement in leiomyoma development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples from a healthy and myomatous uterus were stained for c-kit, tryptase, CD34 and PDGFRα to identify telocytes. Routine histology was performed to analyze tissue morphology and collagen deposits. RESULTS Telocytes were detected in the cervix, corpus of the uterus and leiomyoma. The density of telocytes in fibroid foci was reduced compared with normal myometrium. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the existence of telocytes in all parts of the human body affected and unaffected by leiomyoma of the uterus. In addition, telocytes were also present in leiomyoma foci. Our results suggest that the reduced density of telocytes is important for the pathomechanisms of myometrial growth, demonstrating its value as a main component of the myomatous architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Białas
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Pasternak
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sajewicz
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Perinatology, e University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Abstract
Adenomyosis seems to be the most widespread coexistent pathology included under the umbrella of common benign disorders of the human uterus. The incidence of adenomyosis is under discussion since different imaging criteria are used. In the majority of cases, prevalence is determined among women with uterine fibroids and endometriosis or severe gynecological symptoms. This common benign pathology is asymptomatic in 1/3 of cases. Up to 50% of women with infertility are affected by adenomyosis. It seems to be an important risk factor for spontaneous pre-term delivery and pre-term premature rupture of the membranes. Nowadays, the etiology of adenomyosis is still unclear and requires deeper investigation. This review summarizes the aspects of prevalence, co-existence, risk factors, classification, mechanisms of pathogenesis, genes and immunological features, main histological features, animal models, and clinical manifestation of adenomyosis. It might facilitate understanding of the independent nature of such a dual enigma as adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Basta
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Aleksandrovych V, Kurnik-Łucka M, Bereza T, Białas M, Pasternak A, Cretoiu D, Walocha JA, Gil K. The Autonomic Innervation and Uterine Telocyte Interplay in Leiomyoma Formation. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:619-629. [PMID: 30841718 PMCID: PMC7103609 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719833303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic innervation of the uterus is involved in multiple pathophysiological processes in both humans and animals. Pathological conditions such as adenomyosis or inflammatory pelvic disease are usually accompanied by significant alterations in uterine innervation. In the current study, we focused on autonomic innervation of uterine fibroids, the identification of recently described interstitial cells, telocytes, and the possible interplay between these structures. In this work, uterine telocytes were identified by immunopositivity for c-kit, CD34, and PDGFRα. Nerves were revealed by immunolabeling for neuronal markers: protein gene product PGP 9.5, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The gross organization of myometrial tissue has been analyzed by routine histology. The results demonstrated that the density of iNOS and ChAT-immunopositive neurons in the uterine fibroids was higher than that in the control samples. The density of telocytes in the fibrosis foci was lower than that in the normal myometrium. Our results suggest that autonomic innervation and telocytes are involved in the microenvironment imbalance characteristic of uterine leiomyoma. Since NOS-positive nerves play an important role in oxidative stress modulation, they might lead to a decrease in the number of telocytes, which are crucial components in the pathogenesis of leiomyoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bereza
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Białas
- 3 Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Pasternak
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- 4 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,5 Materno-Fetal Assistance Excellence Unit, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute of Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jerzy A Walocha
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Wolnicki M, Aleksandrovych V, Gil A, Pasternak A, Gil K. Relation between ureteral telocytes and the hydronephrosis development in children. Folia Med Cracov 2019; 59:31-44. [PMID: 31891358 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2019.131134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydronephrosis is an actual pediatric problem, affecting children in the ante- and neonatal periods. Intrinsic stenosis is due to external obstruction and creates a pathophysiological basis of this urological pathology. Co-localization of ureter with a renal vasculature also could not be omitted from this point of view. Mesenchymal cells, partially telocytes, are important for local fibrosis development and hydronephrosis formation as well. In the current study, we focused on identification of telocytes in the human ureters to hypothesize their role in hydronephrosis pathophysiology. MATERIAL AND METHODS the samples were taken from 18 surgically treated patients with hydronephrosis (due to ureteral obstruction and crossing renal vessel). The control group consisted of 10 patients suffered from a non-obstructive disease of the urinary tract - predominantly renal tumors. Tissue samples from a ureter were stained for c-kit, tryptase, CD34 and PDGFRα to identify telocytes. Routine histology was performed to analyze tissue morphology, collagen deposits and mast cell's profile. RESULTS Telocytes were detected in the ureteral wall. In patients with hydronephrosis we revealed decreasing density of telocytes, the prevalence of collagen, rise in mast cells amount and the ureteral wall thickening. In ureters with crossing renal vessels as a primary etiologic factor more telocytes have been observed in comparison with the obstructive hydronephrosis. CONCLUSIONS A declined density of telocytes accompanied hydronephrosis development. Increased number of mast cells in the ureteral wall reflects a local inflammation, while detailed observation of collagen/muscle deposits and density of telocytes reveal a difference depended on etiologic factor (obstruction or crossing vessel) in patients with hydronephrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wolnicki
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Anna Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Pasternak
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Aleksandrovych V, Pasternak A, Basta P, Sajewicz M, Walocha JA, Gil K. Telocytes: facts, speculations and myths (Review article). Folia Med Cracov 2017; 57:5-22. [PMID: 28608858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Telocyte (TC) is an interstitial cell type with a small cellular body and extremely long tentacle-like extensions. TCs were discovered a decade ago and have specifc morphological characteristics, immunohistochemical and secretome profiles, electrophysiological properties, microRNA expression. Moreover, they are different in gene expression from other cells. TCs play an important role in plenty of processes. Apparently, they are involved in homeostasis, remodelling, regeneration, repair, embryogenesis, angiogenesis and even tumorigenesis. "Telocytes need the world", was emphasized by Professor Popescu and it will be actual at any time. This review summarizes particular features of TCs in different organs and systems, emphasizing their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Aleksandrovych V, Walocha JA, Gil K. Telocytes in female reproductive system (human and animal). J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:994-1000. [PMID: 27060783 PMCID: PMC4882995 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a newly discovered type of cell with numerous functions. They have been found in a large variety of organs: heart (endo‐, myo‐, epi‐ and pericardium, myocardial sleeves, heart valves); digestive tract and annex glands (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, liver, gallbladder, salivary gland, exocrine pancreas); respiratory system (trachea and lungs); urinary system (kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra); female reproductive system (uterus, Fallopian tube, placenta, mammary gland); vasculature (blood vessels, thoracic duct); serous membranes (mesentery and pleura); and other organs (skeletal muscle, meninges and choroid plexus, neuromuscular spindles, fascia lata, skin, eye, prostate, bone marrow). Likewise, TCs are widely distributed in vertebrates (fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, including human). This review summarizes particular features of TCs in the female reproductive system, emphasizing their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerzy A Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Konarska M, Wrona AN, Aleksandrovych V, Bereza T, Sajewicz M, Gach-Kuniewicz B, Lis M, Komnata K, Paziewski M, Maleszka A, Depukat P, Solewski B, Warchoł Ł. Angiogenesis and pro-angiogenic factors in uterine fibroids - facts and myths. Folia Med Cracov 2016; 56:37-43. [PMID: 28013320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomata present major problem for females. Although they are benign tumors their frequency is associated with many symptoms like infertility, abdominal pain, menorrhagia. Authors based on their own morphological studies and review of the literature try to indicate main factors causing angiogenesis within leiomyomata and its influence on tumor growth. The strongest proangiogenic factor seems to be hypoxia, which stimulates up- and down-regulation of numerous genetically determined substances. Also mechanical pressure acting upon newly growing vessels is one of the factors which may determine formation of so called "vascular pseudocapsule" around the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Konarska
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Sajewicz M, Konarska M, Wrona AN, Aleksandrovych V, Bereza T, Komnata K, Solewski B, Maleszka A, Depukat P, Warchoł Ł. Vascular density, angiogenesis and pro-angiogenic factors in uterine fibroids. Folia Med Cracov 2016; 56:27-32. [PMID: 27513836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process of development of new vessels from the preexisting vascular network of a host. This is process which is seen in many physiological situations but it accompanies also a development of different lesions, i.e. neoplasms. Uterine fibroids are one of the most frequent lesions which affect human internal female genital tracts. Authors briefly review most important pro-angiogenic factors, based on their own observation as well as reviewing current literature. They pay much attention to vascular density which is significantly changed in the uterine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Sajewicz
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Perinatology, The University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Aleksandrovych V, Sajewicz M, Walocha JA, Gil K. Tubal telocytes: factor infertility reason? Folia Med Cracov 2016; 56:17-23. [PMID: 28013318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is actually widespread pathological condition, which affected one in every four couples in developing countries. Approximately one third of all cases are connected with tubal factor infertility, o en accompanies by endometriosis, acute salpingitis, urogenital infections etc. The newly identified telocytes (TCs) have multiple potential bio-functions and might participate in the fertility problems. They influence on structural and functional integrity of oviduct tissue. Despite recent discovery, TCs involvement in the majority of physiological and pathological processes is still unclear and require significant increasing of deep observations and data analysis. Focusing on female reproductive system help better understands the main reasons of infertility, while evaluation of TCs impact on Fallopian tube and uterus contractility might be a key point of its correction. The article summarizes the main features of telocytes in Fallopian tubes, emphasizing their involvement in pathophysiological processes and tubal factor infertility.
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Aleksandrovych V, Kurnik M, Białas M, Bugajski A, Thor P, Gil K. The effect of peripheral chronic salsolinol administration on fat pad adipocytes morphological parameters. Folia Med Cracov 2016; 56:81-95. [PMID: 27513841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salsolinol (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) is thought to regulate dopaminergic neurons and to act as a mediator in the neuroendocrine system. We have previously reported that exogenous salsolinol evokes enteric neuronal cell death, leading to the impairment of myenteric neurons density and abnormal intestinal transit in rats. We also observed significant reduction of body weight, related to the disrupted gastrointestinal homeostasis. e aim of current study was to evaluate the influence of prolonged salsolinol administration body weight, food intake, adipose tissue accumulation and fad pad adipocyte morphological parameters assessed by image analysis. Male Wistar rats were subjected to continuous intraperitoneal low dosing of salsolinol - 200 mg/kg in total with ALZET osmotic mini-pumps (Durtec, USA) for 2 or 4 weeks with either normal or high-fat diet. Appropriate groups served as the controls. Food intake, body weight were measured each morning. Both epididymal fat pads were dissected, weighted and processed for routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. e following parameters: cell area, perimeter, long and short axis, aspect ratio and circularity factor were assessed in stained specimens with the image analysis system (Multiscan, Poland). Salsolinol administration significantly reduced total body mass with no differences in total food intake between the groups. The epididymal fat pad weight over final body mass ratio was lower in salsolinol treated rats on high fat diet in comparison with the control groups. e area, perimeter, short and long axis of the fad pad adipocytes were significantly decreased in salsolinol treated animals in comparison with relevant controls. Salsolinol targets some regulatory mechanisms concerned with the basic rat metabolism. Prolonged peripheral salsolinol administration in rats significantly decreases the adipocyte size, and such effect is related to the weight loss and reduced adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Wolnicki M, Aleksandrovych V, Gil K. Interstitial cells of Cajal and telocytes in the urinary system: facts and distribution. Folia Med Cracov 2016; 56:81-89. [PMID: 28325956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge confirms the existence of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and telocytes in the urinary system (kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder). Therefore, summarizing of available data can be helpful in understanding of pathophysiology of urological disorders. Telocytes (TCs) are a newly discovered type of cell with numerous functions, described in vertebrates (fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, including human). Despite unique characteristics, they have own differences in morphology and properties in urinary bladder and other organs of the urinary system. This review summarizes particular features of ICCs and TCs in the urinary system, emphasizing their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes of the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wolnicki
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Kraków, Poland
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, Kraków, Poland
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Aleksandrovych V, Bereza T, Sajewicz M, Walocha JA, Gil K. Uterine fibroid: common features of widespread tumor (Review article). Folia Med Cracov 2015; 55:61-75. [PMID: 26774633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Leiomyoma is the most frequent benign monoclonal tumor (cells behave identically in culture) of the female reproductive system. It affected almost 50% of childbearing age women, deteriorating the quality of life and may cause infertility. The unique features of this pathology is the absence of detailed understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and continuous morbidity among any age groups. Despite the huge amount of articles and studies related to leiomyoma, review pretend to depict herein actual and non-trivial information. This review assemble a versatile description of medical and biological aspects of leiomyomas. Explanation of genetic, molecular, pathophysiological mechanisms of uterine fibroid growing predetermine marked clinical symptoms of pathology. Mentioned model systems show multivariation of leiomyomas in human and animals. Review gives an opportunity analyze separate facets and collect it in one deep understanding of leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Czysta 18,Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Czysta 18,Krakow, Poland.
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Wrona AN, Konarska M, Aleksandrovych V, Bereza T, Sajewicz M, Mróz I, Zarzecki M, Warchoł Ł. Certain remarks on blood supply of normal human uterine corpus - corrosion casting and SEM study. Folia Med Cracov 2015; 55:91-97. [PMID: 26867123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy are currently best available technique which allows observation of microvascular bed of different anatomical structures and obtaining quasi 3-D pictures, necessary for reconstruction of microvessels. Application of synthetic resins, which fill practically the whole vascular bed enables profound analysis of such obtained specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Natalia Wrona
- Oddział Ginekologiczno-Położniczy, Szpital Specjalistyczny im. J. Śniadeckiego w Nowym Saczu, Nowy Sacz, Poland
| | | | | | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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