IgE versus IgG and IgA: Differential roles of allergen-specific antibodies in sensitization, tolerization, and treatment of allergies

Development of tolerogenic casein encapsulated quercetin and curcumin nanoparticles to mitigate cow milk allergic responses

Casein protein is a primary cause of cow milk allergies (CMA), a major public health concern. This study aimed to develop casein encapsulated quercetin and curcumin nanoparticles (Nps) to modulate CMA and mitigate adverse immunological responses. Nps were synthesized using anti-solvent precipitation method and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and functional group interactions. Nps were orally administered to casein-sensitized Albino Wistar rats to evaluate their immunomodulatory potential. The particle size of Nps ranged from 300 to 550 nm. Higher encapsulation efficiency of 79.52 ± 0.334 %, 64.98 ± 0.269 % and loading capacity of 31.81 ± 0.133 %, 25.99 ± 0.107 % were observed for quercetin and curcumin, respectively. The results depicted that Cas-Qur Nps have smallest size than other prepared NPs with irregular morphologies. Prophylactic treatment with Nps significantly suppressed the serum IgE, IL-4, and WBC count in casein sensitized rats. Furthermore, the Nps, especially Cas-Qur-Cur Nps, enhanced the production of IL-10. Histopathological analysis of the intestine revealed reduced inflammation and a prominent brush border surface epithelium in treated groups compared to positive control. The Nps confirmed the immunomodulatory potential by effectively attenuating allergen specific antibodies production, inflammatory cytokines, and neutrophil infiltration in the casein-sensitized rats. These findings highlight their potential as novel therapeutic approach for the management of CMA.

Dietary arachidonic acid contributes to alleviation of peanut-induced allergy biomarkers in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice

OBJECTIVE

Despite its innumerable, invaluable and unique benefits to human development and welfare, consumption of the omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (ARA) generates apprehension due to the association of its metabolites with allergy symptoms. Accordingly, it was deemed important to examine the impact of ARA supplementation on initiation and progress of peanut (PN)-induced allergy in mice of different MHC haplotypes.

METHODS

Cohorts of BALB/c, C57BL/6, and outbred CD-1 mice were maintained two weeks before experimentation and until the end of the experiment on mouse food supplemented with equal amounts of milk powder containing 3 or 0 mg ARA/day/mouse, and then exposed to inhalation of 0 or 100 μg/mouse PN flour molecules twice for 4 weeks. Following intraperitoneal administration of PN extract proteins, control and PN-sensitized mice were assayed for behavioral, serum, and lung tissue biomarkers of anaphylaxis.

RESULTS

Peanut exposure essentially elicited the production of serum IgA, IgG1 and IgG2a specific antibodies and lung tissue extract reactive oxygen species. Adjuvant-free PN inhalation, especially when associated with ARA supplementation, displayed a significant (P < 0.05) counteractive impact on PN-induced responses in inbred and outbred mice.

CONCLUSIONS

Dietary arachidonic acid contributes to alleviation or suppression of PN-induced allergy biomarkers in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice.