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Beauchemin S, Avramescu ML, Levesque C, Rasmussen PE. Carcinogenic metal(loid)s in house dust compared to soil: concentrations and gastric bioaccessibility. Environ Res 2024:119175. [PMID: 38768886 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
As a sink and a source of chemicals, house dust represents a relevant medium to assess indoor exposure to metal(loid)s via incidental ingestion or inhalation. However, nationally representative indoor data are scarce. Results from the Canadian House Dust Study (CHDS 2007-2010; n = 1025) provide nationally representative mean, median and 95th percentile concentrations for 38 elements in typical urban house dust, along with their gastric bioaccessibility. Total concentrations (median/95th percentile) of carcinogenic metal(loid)s in Canadian house dust (μg g-1) are as follows: As (9.0/40), Be (0.4/0.9), Cd (3.5/17), Co (5.6/19), Cr (99/214), Ni (62/322) and Pb (100/760). Total As and Pb concentrations in house dust exceed residential soil guidelines for the protection of human health in about one-third of Canadian homes. Percent bioaccessibilities (median) are: Cd (65%) > Pb (63%) > Be ∼Ni (36%) > Co (35%) > As (20%) > Cr (15%). Lead, Cd and Co concentrations are significantly greater in older houses (< 1976). Data from two pilot studies (n = 66+51) further demonstrate the distinct geochemistry of house dust compared to soils, notably enrichment of carcinogenic metal(loid)s and their increased bioaccessibility. These results provide essential baseline values to refine risk assessment and inform on health risk at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Beauchemin
- Environmental Health Research Science Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9.
| | - Mary-Luyza Avramescu
- Environmental Health Research Science Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Christine Levesque
- Environmental Health Research Science Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Pat E Rasmussen
- Environmental Health Research Science Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Saygin H, Baysal A, Zora ST, Tilkili B. A characterization and an exposure risk assessment of microplastics in settled house floor dust in Istanbul, Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:121030-121049. [PMID: 37947931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics in the indoor environment presents growing environmental and human health risks because of their physicochemical and toxic characteristics. Therefore, we aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize plastic debris in settled house floor dusts. This study is a rare study which assess the risks of plastic debris in settled house dust through multiple approaches including the estimated daily intake, pollution loading index, and polymer hazard index. The results indicated that polyethylene and polypropylene were the predominate polymer type of plastic debris in settled house dust with various shapes and colors. The risk assessment results also indicated the serious impact of microplastics in terms of extremely dangerous contamination as well as the fact that they present a polymer hazard. Results indicated that humans have a higher risk of exposure to microplastics via ingestion rather than inhalation. In addition, infants had a higher risk of potential intake compared to other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Saygin
- Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Asli Baysal
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Chemistry Dept., Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34467, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sevilay Tarakci Zora
- Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Batuhan Tilkili
- Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Ali N, Rashid MI, Alhakamy NA, Alamri SH, Eqani SAMAS. Profiling of phthalates, brominated, and organophosphate flame retardants in COVID-19 lockdown house dust; implication on the human health. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:158779. [PMID: 36116658 PMCID: PMC9474971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), phthalates, and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) were analyzed in indoor household dust collected during the COVID-19 related strict lockdown (April-July 2020) period. Floor dust samples were collected from 40 households in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The levels of most of the analyzed chemicals were visibly high and for certain chemicals multifold high in analyzed samples compared to earlier studies on indoor dust from Jeddah. Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the primary chemical in these dust samples, with a median concentration of 769,500 ng/g of dust. Tris (2-butoxy ethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) contributed the highest among PFRs and BFRs with median levels of 5990 and 940 ng/g of dust, respectively. The estimated daily exposure in the worst case scenario (23,700 ng/kg bw/day) for Saudi children was above the reference dose (20,000 ng/kg bw/day) for DEHP, and the hazardous index (HI) was also >1. The long-term carcinogenic risk was above the 1 × 10-5, indicating a risk to the health of Saudi young children from getting exposed to DEHP from indoor dust. This study draws attention to the increased indoor pollution during the lockdown period when all of the daily activities by adults and children were performed indoors, which negatively impacted human health, as suggested by the calculated risk. However, the current study has limitations and warrants more monitoring studies from different parts of the world to understand the phenomenon. At the same time, this study also highlights another side of COVID-19 related to our lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ali
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Hassan Alamri
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani
- Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
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Hazard K, Alkon A, Gunier RB, Castorina R, Camann D, Quarderer S, Bradman A. Predictors of pesticide levels in carpet dust collected from child care centers in Northern California, USA. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-022-00516-8. [PMID: 36599924 PMCID: PMC9811891 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young children may be exposed to pesticides in child care centers, but little is known about determinants of pesticide contamination in these environments. OBJECTIVE Characterize pesticide contamination in early care and education (ECE) centers and identify predictors of pesticide concentrations and loading in dust collected from classroom carpets. METHODS Carpet dust samples were collected from 51 licensed child care centers in Northern California and analyzed for 14 structural and agricultural pesticides. Program characteristics were collected through administration of director interviews and observational surveys, including an integrated pest management (IPM) inspection. Pesticide use information for the prior year was obtained from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation to characterize structural applications and nearby agricultural pesticide use. RESULTS The most frequently detected pesticides were cis-permethrin (98%), trans-permethrin (98%), bifenthrin (94%), fipronil (94%), and chlorpyrifos (88%). Higher bifenthrin levels were correlated with agricultural applications within 3 kilometers, and higher fipronil levels were correlated with professional pesticide applications in the prior year. In multivariable models, higher IPM Checklist scores were associated with lower loading of chlorpyrifos and permethrin. Placement of the sampled area carpet was also a predictor of chlorpyrifos loading. The strongest predictor of higher pesticide loading for the most frequently detected pesticides was location in California's San Joaquin Valley. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings contribute to the growing understanding that pesticides are ubiquitous in children's environments. Pesticide levels in carpet dust were associated with some factors that ECE directors may have control over, such as IPM practices, and others that are beyond their control, such as geographic location. IPM is an important tool that has the potential to reduce pesticide exposures in ECE environments, even for pesticides no longer in use. IMPACT One million children in California under six years old attend child care programs where they may spend up to 40 h per week. Children are uniquely vulnerable to environmental contaminants; however early care settings are under researched in environmental health studies. Little is known about predictors of pesticide levels found in environmental samples from child care facilities. This study aims to identify behavioral and environmental determinants of pesticide contamination in California child care centers. Findings can empower child care providers and consumers and inform decision makers to reduce children's exposures to pesticides and promote lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Hazard
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Abbey Alkon
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert B Gunier
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - David Camann
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Asa Bradman
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Isley CF, Fry KL, Liu X, Filippelli GM, Entwistle JA, Martin AP, Kah M, Meza-Figueroa D, Shukle JT, Jabeen K, Famuyiwa AO, Wu L, Sharifi-Soltani N, Doyi INY, Argyraki A, Ho KF, Dong C, Gunkel-Grillon P, Aelion CM, Taylor MP. International Analysis of Sources and Human Health Risk Associated with Trace Metal Contaminants in Residential Indoor Dust. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:1053-1068. [PMID: 34942073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
People spend increasing amounts of time at home, yet the indoor home environment remains understudied in terms of potential exposure to toxic trace metals. We evaluated trace metal (and metalloid) concentrations (As, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and health risks in indoor dust from homes from 35 countries, along with a suite of potentially contributory residential characteristics. The objective was to determine trace metal source inputs and home environment conditions associated with increasing exposure risk across a range of international communities. For all countries, enrichments compared to global crustal values were Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Cr > Ni; with the greatest health risk from Cr, followed by As > Pb > Mn > Cu > Ni > Zn. Three main indoor dust sources were identified, with a Pb-Zn-As factor related to legacy Pb sources, a Zn-Cu factor reflecting building materials, and a Mn factor indicative of natural soil sources. Increasing home age was associated with greater Pb and As concentrations (5.0 and 0.48 mg/kg per year of home age, respectively), as were peeling paint and garden access. Therefore, these factors form important considerations for the development of evidence-based management strategies to reduce potential risks posed by indoor house dust. Recent findings indicate neurocognitive effects from low concentrations of metal exposures; hence, an understanding of the home exposome is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Faye Isley
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Kara L Fry
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Xiaochi Liu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Gabriel Michael Filippelli
- Department of Earth Sciences and Center for Urban Health, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jane A Entwistle
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | | | - Melanie Kah
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | | | - John T Shukle
- Department of Earth Sciences and Center for Urban Health, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Khadija Jabeen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Abimbola O Famuyiwa
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State P.M.B 2210, Nigeria
| | - Liqin Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Neda Sharifi-Soltani
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Israel N Y Doyi
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Ariadne Argyraki
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- Institute of Environment, Energy, and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenyin Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Peggy Gunkel-Grillon
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), University of New Caledonia, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa cedex, New Caledonia, France
| | - C Marjorie Aelion
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Environment Protection Authority, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, Melbourne, Victoria 3085, Australia
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