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Martinec Nováková L, Miletínová E, Kliková M, Bušková J. Nocturnal exposure to a preferred ambient scent does not affect dream emotionality or post-sleep core affect valence in young adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10369. [PMID: 38710748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotions experienced within sleep mentation (dreaming) affect mental functioning in waking life. There have been attempts at enhancing dream emotions using olfactory stimulation. Odors readily acquire affective value, but to profoundly influence emotional processing, they should bear personal significance for the perceiver rather than be generally pleasant. The main objective of the present sleep laboratory study was to examine whether prolonged nocturnal exposure to self-selected, preferred ambient room odor while asleep influences emotional aspects of sleep mentation and valence of post-sleep core affect. We asked twenty healthy participants (12 males, mean age 25 ± 4 years) to pick a commercially available scented room diffuser cartridge that most readily evoked positively valenced mental associations. In weekly intervals, the participants attended three sessions. After the adaptation visit, they were administered the odor exposure and odorless control condition in a balanced order. Participants were awakened five minutes into the first rapid eye movement (REM) stage that took place after 2:30 a.m. and, if they had been dreaming, they were asked to rate their mental sleep experience for pleasantness, emotional charge, and magnitude of positive and negative emotions and also to evaluate their post-sleep core affect valence. With rs < 0.20, no practically or statistically significant differences existed between exposure and control in any outcome measures. We conclude that in young, healthy participants, the practical value of olfactory stimulation with self-selected preferred scents for enhancement of dream emotions and post-sleep core affect valence is very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Martinec Nováková
- Department of Chemical Education and Humanities, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Miletínová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 25067, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kliková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 25067, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bušková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 25067, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000, Prague 10, Czech Republic
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Hayes C, Simmons M, Palmer V, Hamilton B, Simons C, Hopwood M. Key features of adolescent inpatient units and development of a checklist to improve consistency in reporting of settings. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:74-100. [PMID: 35771174 PMCID: PMC10084005 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Little is known about adolescent inpatient units, key features which define them, and how these essential services operate and deliver care. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Adolescent inpatient unit studies are limited in their descriptions of settings in terms of how they operate and key features. The proposed preliminary checklist is a practical tool to assist clinicians, policy makers, and researchers when reporting to ensure comprehensive descriptions of adolescent inpatient settings. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: This could be used to inform service design processes for inpatient and other mental health service models which is of critical importance in the context of reforms and implementation of these in Australia currently. Greater attention to operational models, services, and philosophies of practice will improve reporting and allow for the advancement of knowledge, comparison of study results, and a clearer direction for mental health nursing clinicians and researchers. ABSTRACT: Introduction Adolescent inpatient units care for vulnerable population groups; however, little is known about how these essential services operate and deliver care. Aims To examine the descriptions of adolescent mental health inpatient units in Australian and international research publications and to identify key features which were used to define them. A secondary aim was to develop a checklist to improve consistency when reporting on the operations and services delivered within adolescent mental health inpatient units (both public and private). Methods Five electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ERIC, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) were systematically searched. We included studies that provided descriptions of operations and services within adolescent inpatient units where participants had a mean age between 12 and 25. Narrative synthesis was used to explore the similarities and differences between descriptions of settings. Results Twenty-eight studies were identified, which varied in their descriptions of adolescent inpatient units, providing inconsistent information to inform best practice. Discussion Studies lack consistency and comprehensive detail when describing the operational models within inpatient units, making interpretation challenging. Consequently, a preliminary checklist is proposed to improve reporting of adolescent inpatient units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hayes
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Magenta Simmons
- The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Victoria Palmer
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Bridget Hamilton
- Centre for Psychiatric Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Christine Simons
- The Albert Road Clinic, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Malcolm Hopwood
- Department of Psychiatry, The Albert Road Clinic, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Marraccini ME, Pittleman C, Toole EN, Griffard MR. School Supports for Reintegration Following a Suicide-Related Crisis: A Mixed Methods Study Informing Hospital Recommendations for Schools During Discharge. Psychiatr Q 2022; 93:347-383. [PMID: 34599735 PMCID: PMC8486966 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immediate period following psychiatric hospitalization is marked by increased risk for suicide behavior and rehospitalization. Because adolescents commonly return to school settings following hospital discharge, school-related stressors and supports are important considerations for psychiatric treatment and discharge planning. The current study aimed to inform recommendations provided by hospitals to schools to improve school reintegration practices by employing a concurrent, mixed-methods design. Specifically, we: (1) surveyed school professionals (n = 133) in schools varying in resource availability and populations in one southeastern state of the United States about supports and services provided to returning students; and (2) conducted in-depth interviews with a subset of these professionals (n = 19) regarding their perceptions of the hospital to school transition for youth recovering from suicide-related crises. Findings from survey responses indicated that, compared to schools located in urban and suburban areas, schools in rural areas were less likely to have school reintegration protocols for returning students. More generally, however, available interventions and modifications were relatively consistent across rural and urban/suburban schools, schools serving high and low poverty communities, and schools with predominantly white and predominantly ethnic and racial minoritized student bodies. Key themes across interviews signify the importance of communication between stakeholders, the type of information used to develop re-entry plans, available school-based services for returning youth, and the need to mitigate stigma associated with mental health crises. Findings inform recommendations that can be provided by hospitals to schools to support adolescent recovery as they return to school following psychiatric hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Marraccini
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Cari Pittleman
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Emily N Toole
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Megan R Griffard
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Söderberg A, Ejneborn Looi GM, Gabrielsson S. Constrained nursing: Nurses' and assistant nurses' experiences working in a child and adolescent psychiatric ward. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:189-198. [PMID: 34723444 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of nurses and nursing in CAP inpatient care is unclear, and nurses are at risk of moral distress due to having to deal with complex demands while lacking organizational support. This study aimed to describe nurses' and assistant nurses' experiences working in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient care. Eight nurses and seven assistant nurses working in a child and adolescent ward in Sweden participated in the study. Data were collected in 2019 using semi-structured qualitative interviews and subject to qualitative content analysis. Results describe nurses' and assistant nurses' experiences of child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient care in one theme, Constrained nursing, and four categories: Striving to be there for children and parents; Finding a way to manage work; Depending on others; Lacking nursing leadership. Findings suggest that good, person-centred and recovery-oriented nursing practice can exist in CAP inpatient care but remain unrecognized and lacking support due to unclear roles and responsibilities and lack of nursing leadership. This study is reported in accordance with the COREQ guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Söderberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Git-Marie Ejneborn Looi
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Gabrielsson
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Marraccini ME, Pittleman C. Returning to School Following Hospitalization for Suicide-Related Behaviors: Recognizing Student Voices for Improving Practice. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022; 51:370-385. [PMID: 36034937 PMCID: PMC9400799 DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2020.1862628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent hospitalizations for suicide-related behaviors have increased in recent years, with the highest rates occurring during the academic school year. Schools are a primary environment that adolescents return to following hospitalization, making them an important context for understanding recovery following a suicidal crisis. Although previous research highlights provider perceptions for improving this transition, limited research has focused on adolescent views. This qualitative study presents findings from interviews with 19 adolescents previously hospitalized for a suicide-related crisis. Results highlight the need to strengthen social supports for returning youth. Specifically, findings suggest the importance of emotional supports (e.g., positive school relationships and a safer psychosocial school climate), instrumental supports (e.g., collaborations and communication around re-entry), informational supports (clearer procedures for academics and re-entry processes), and appraisal supports that acknowledge the complexity of adolescent functioning upon return. Findings reinforce the importance of the school psychologist's role in partnering with returning youth and their families and providing consultation to other school professionals about supporting their recovery.
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Hutton A, Wilson R, Foureur M. Comfort Equals Nurturing: Young People Talk About Mental Health Ward Design. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2021; 14:258-269. [PMID: 34128422 DOI: 10.1177/19375867211022684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this research was to obtain user perspectives of adolescent patients to inform the redesign of an adolescent mental health inpatient facility ward unit in regional Australia. BACKGROUND It is well established that the consumer will use and understand unit space differently than the health professional, because of their unique positioning and depth of experience. The participation of young people in the design of ward environments and programs is essential. METHODS A combination of focus groups and interviews was undertaken with eight participants. RESULTS This study found that, in its current form, the unit revolves around routines, tasks, and patient safety, which in turn are driven by secure spaces and surveillance of the patients. Due to these routines and tasks, the aspects of individualized patient care and personal impetus and comfort are lost. Adolescent patients are able to identify solutions to enhance their hospital stay in the mental health context without being excessive and unrealistic in their suggestions. CONCLUSIONS When designing an adolescent unit, there needs to be some consideration as to how the group using the unit understands space. Through their role and depth of hospital experience, the adolescent patient will use and understand unit space differently from that of the health professional whose role is a worker. Therefore, it is necessary to gain the perspectives of adolescent patients for efficient and effective functioning of such an environment and to suit the needs of those it is "built for," the adolescent patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhonda Wilson
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Maralyn Foureur
- Hunter New England Local Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Carney R, Imran S, Law H, Folstad S, Parker S. Evaluation of the physical health of adolescent in-patients in generic and secure services: retrospective case-note review. BJPsych Bull 2020; 44:95-102. [PMID: 31679539 PMCID: PMC8058882 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2019.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND METHOD To assess physical health needs of adolescent in-patients by routine monitoring. A retrospective analysis of case notes was conducted on a 6-month intake to generic and secure adolescent mental health units in Greater Manchester, UK. RESULTS Fifty individuals were admitted (52% female, average age 15.84 years). Diagnoses varied and 66% were prescribed medications before admission. All had a physical health assessment, which identified various physical health risk factors. Average body mass index was 25.99 (range 15.8-44), and increased during in-patient treatment for 84% of individuals who had their body mass recorded more than once. A total of 28% of individuals smoked. Lipids and prolactin levels were elevated across the sample. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This evaluation strengthens the argument to optimise physical healthcare for adolescent in-patients and develop physical health interventions, particularly given that we observed elevated lipids and prolactin. Physical health and well-being may not be prioritised when assessing and managing young peoples' mental health, despite their increased vulnerability for comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Carney
- Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Shermin Imran
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Heather Law
- Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Siri Folstad
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie Parker
- Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, UK
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Hayes C, Simmons M, Palmer VJ, Hamilton B, Simons C, Hopwood M. Experiences of an adolescent inpatient model of care: Adolescent and caregiver perspectives. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2020; 33:109-124. [PMID: 32068327 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Adolescent inpatient units have been studied regarding their effectiveness, yet little is known about the experiences of young people who are admitted and their caregivers. It is important to address this gap to understand adolescent inpatient models of care and therapeutic outcomes to maximize the benefit. Our aim was to explore adolescent and caregivers' experiences of an inpatient model of care (MoC) and perceived helpfulness. METHODS A longitudinal prospective qualitative design was utilized. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 adolescents and 12 caregivers at T1 (admission), T2 (discharge), and T3 (6 months postdischarge). Data were analysed first thematically and then using trajectory analysis. Themes from the three time-points are presented from the combined perspectives of adolescents and caregivers. FINDINGS Experiences described followed a recovery narrative consisting of three key phases which included, "waiting for help" (T1), "help arrived" (T2), and having "returned to regular life" (T3). The overarching trajectory theme was a "winding road to recovery." CONCLUSION Findings provide insights into the lived experiences from adolescents who have had an inpatient stay and their caregivers of an adolescent-specific inpatient MoC. These findings can help conceptualize quality adolescent models of care for young people and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, The Albert Road Clinic and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magenta Simmons
- The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria J Palmer
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget Hamilton
- Centre for Psychiatric Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Simons
- Department of Psychiatry, The Albert Road Clinic and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malcolm Hopwood
- Department of Psychiatry, The Albert Road Clinic and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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