1
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Lefèbre J, Falk T, Ning Y, Rademacher C. Secondary Sites of the C-type Lectin-Like Fold. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400660. [PMID: 38527187 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectins are a large superfamily of proteins involved in a multitude of biological processes. In particular, their involvement in immunity and homeostasis has rendered them attractive targets for diverse therapeutic interventions. They share a characteristic C-type lectin-like domain whose adaptability enables them to bind a broad spectrum of ligands beyond the originally defined canonical Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding. Together with variable domain architecture and high-level conformational plasticity, this enables C-type lectins to meet diverse functional demands. Secondary sites provide another layer of regulation and are often intricately linked to functional diversity. Located remote from the canonical primary binding site, secondary sites can accommodate ligands with other physicochemical properties and alter protein dynamics, thus enhancing selectivity and enabling fine-tuning of the biological response. In this review, we outline the structural determinants allowing C-type lectins to perform a large variety of tasks and to accommodate the ligands associated with it. Using the six well-characterized Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent C-type lectin receptors DC-SIGN, langerin, MGL, dectin-1, CLEC-2 and NKG2D as examples, we focus on the characteristics of non-canonical interactions and secondary sites and their potential use in drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lefèbre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport, Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Labs, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torben Falk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport, Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Labs, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yunzhan Ning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport, Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Labs, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Labs, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Oda T, Yanagisawa H, Shinmori H, Ogawa Y, Kawamura T. Cryo-electron tomography of Birbeck granules reveals the molecular mechanism of langerin lattice formation. eLife 2022; 11:79990. [PMID: 35758632 PMCID: PMC9259017 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells localized within the epidermis and mucosal epithelium. Upon contact with Langerhans cells, pathogens are captured by the C-type lectin langerin and internalized into a structurally unique vesicle known as a Birbeck granule. Although the immunological role of Langerhans cells and Birbeck granules have been extensively studied, the mechanism by which the characteristic zippered membrane structure of Birbeck granules is formed remains elusive. In this study, we observed isolated Birbeck granules using cryo-electron tomography and reconstructed the 3D structure of the repeating unit of the honeycomb lattice of langerin at 6.4 Å resolution. We found that the interaction between the two langerin trimers was mediated by docking the flexible loop at residues 258–263 into the secondary carbohydrate-binding cleft. Mutations within the loop inhibited Birbeck granule formation and the internalization of HIV pseudovirus. These findings suggest a molecular mechanism for membrane zippering during Birbeck granule biogenesis and provide insight into the role of langerin in the defense against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Oda
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Haruaki Yanagisawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shinmori
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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4
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Hendriks A, van Dalen R, Ali S, Gerlach D, van der Marel GA, Fuchsberger FF, Aerts PC, de Haas CJ, Peschel A, Rademacher C, van Strijp JA, Codée JD, van Sorge NM. Impact of Glycan Linkage to Staphylococcus aureus Wall Teichoic Acid on Langerin Recognition and Langerhans Cell Activation. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:624-635. [PMID: 33591717 PMCID: PMC8023653 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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Staphylococcus
aureus is the leading cause of
skin and soft tissue infections. It remains incompletely understood
how skin-resident immune cells respond to invading S. aureus and contribute to an effective immune response. Langerhans cells
(LCs), the only professional antigen-presenting cell type in the epidermis,
sense S. aureus through their pattern-recognition
receptor langerin, triggering a proinflammatory response. Langerin
recognizes the β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine
(β1,4-GlcNAc) but not α-1,4-linked GlcNAc (α1,4-GlcNAc)
modifications, which are added by dedicated glycosyltransferases TarS
and TarM, respectively, on the cell wall glycopolymer wall teichoic
acid (WTA). Recently, an alternative WTA glycosyltransferase, TarP,
was identified, which also modifies WTA with β-GlcNAc but at
the C-3 position (β1,3-GlcNAc) of the WTA ribitol phosphate
(RboP) subunit. Here, we aimed to unravel the impact of β-GlcNAc
linkage position for langerin binding and LC activation. Using genetically
modified S. aureus strains, we observed that langerin
similarly recognized bacteria that produce either TarS- or TarP-modified
WTA, yet tarP-expressing S. aureus induced increased cytokine production and maturation of in vitro-generated LCs compared to tarS-expressing S. aureus. Chemically synthesized WTA
molecules, representative of the different S. aureus WTA glycosylation patterns, were used to identify langerin-WTA binding
requirements. We established that β-GlcNAc is sufficient to
confer langerin binding, thereby presenting synthetic WTA molecules
as a novel glycobiology tool for structure-binding studies and for
elucidating S. aureus molecular pathogenesis. Overall,
our data suggest that LCs are able to sense all β-GlcNAc-WTA
producing S. aureus strains, likely performing an
important role as first responders upon S. aureus skin invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hendriks
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Glaxo-Smith Kline, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rob van Dalen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Ali
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Gerlach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Partner Site Tübingen, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Piet C. Aerts
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J.C. de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Partner Site Tübingen, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jos A.G. van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D.C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M. van Sorge
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Valverde P, Martínez JD, Cañada FJ, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Molecular Recognition in C-Type Lectins: The Cases of DC-SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L-Sectin. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2999-3025. [PMID: 32426893 PMCID: PMC7276794 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a pivotal role in intercellular communication processes. In particular, glycan antigens are key for sustaining homeostasis, helping leukocytes to distinguish damaged tissues and invading pathogens from healthy tissues. From a structural perspective, this cross‐talk is fairly complex, and multiple membrane proteins guide these recognition processes, including lectins and Toll‐like receptors. Since the beginning of this century, lectins have become potential targets for therapeutics for controlling and/or avoiding the progression of pathologies derived from an incorrect immune outcome, including infectious processes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these receptors is mandatory for the development of specific treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about four key C‐type lectins whose importance has been steadily growing in recent years, focusing in particular on how glycan recognition takes place at the molecular level, but also looking at recent progresses in the quest for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Daniel Martínez
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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6
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van Dalen R, Fuchsberger FF, Rademacher C, van Strijp JAG, van Sorge NM. A Common Genetic Variation in Langerin (CD207) Compromises Cellular Uptake of Staphylococcus aureus. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:191-200. [PMID: 31141812 DOI: 10.1159/000500547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells are key sentinel cells of the skin and mucosal lining. They sense microorganisms through their repertoire of pattern-recognition receptors to mount and direct appropriate immune responses. We recently demonstrated that human Langerhans cells interact with the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus through the Langerhans cell-specific receptor langerin (CD207). It was previously hypothesized that two linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; N288D and K313I) in the carbohydrate recognition domain of langerin would affect interaction with microorganisms. We show that recognition of S. aureus by recombinant langerin molecules is abrogated in the co-inheriting SNP variant, which is mainly explained by the N288D SNP and further enhanced by K313I. Moreover, introduction of SNP N288D in ectopically-expressed langerin affected cellular distribution of the receptor such that langerin displayed enhanced plasma membraneexpression. Despite this increased binding of S. aureus by the langerin double SNP variant, uptake of bacteria by this langerin variant was compromised. Our findings indicate that in a proportion of the human population, the recognition and uptake of S. aureus by Langerhans cells may be affected, which could have important consequences for proper immune activation and S. aureus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob van Dalen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix F Fuchsberger
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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7
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Schulze J, Rentzsch M, Kim D, Bellmann L, Stoitzner P, Rademacher C. A Liposomal Platform for Delivery of a Protein Antigen to Langerin-Expressing Cells. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2576-2580. [PMID: 31062587 PMCID: PMC6541893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
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The skin is an attractive
site for vaccination and harbors a dense
network of Langerhans cells that are the prime target for antigen
delivery approaches in the epidermis. While specific targeting of
Langerhans cells has been shown to elicit the necessary T-cell response
using antibody-based delivery approaches, the targeted administration
of particulate antigens in the form of nanoparticle-based vaccine
formulations has been challenging. We previously reported on a specific
targeting ligand for human Langerin, a C-type lectin expressed on
Langerhans cells. This ligand is presented on liposomes and renders
them highly specific for the uptake by Langerhans cells. Here we show
a detailed study of the uptake and intracellular routing of the particles
in model cell lines by confocal and live cell imaging as well as flow
cytometric assays. Liposomes are internalized into early endosomal
compartments and accumulate in late endosomes and lysosomes, shortly
followed by a release of the cargo. Furthermore, we show the encapsulation
of protein antigens and their delivery to cell lines and primary human
Langerhans cells. These data further support the applicability of
the targeted liposomal particles for protein vaccine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schulze
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Department of Biomolecular Systems , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin , Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mareike Rentzsch
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Department of Biomolecular Systems , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Department of Biomolecular Systems , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Lydia Bellmann
- Medical University of Innsbruck , Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Medical University of Innsbruck , Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Department of Biomolecular Systems , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin , Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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8
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Pena-Cruz V, Agosto LM, Akiyama H, Olson A, Moreau Y, Larrieux JR, Henderson A, Gummuluru S, Sagar M. HIV-1 replicates and persists in vaginal epithelial dendritic cells. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3439-3444. [PMID: 29723162 PMCID: PMC6063466 DOI: 10.1172/jci98943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 acquisition occurs most commonly after sexual contact. To establish infection, HIV-1 must infect cells that support high-level replication, namely CD4+ T cells, which are absent from the outermost genital epithelium. Dendritic cells (DCs), present in mucosal epithelia, potentially facilitate HIV-1 acquisition. We show that vaginal epithelial DCs, termed CD1a+ VEDCs, are unlike other blood- and tissue-derived DCs because they express langerin but not DC-SIGN, and unlike skin-based langerin+ DC subset Langerhans cells (LCs), they do not harbor Birbeck granules. Individuals primarily acquire HIV-1 that utilizes the CCR5 receptor (termed either R5 or R5X4) during heterosexual transmission, and the mechanism for the block against variants that only use the CXCR4 receptor (classified as X4) remains unclear. We show that X4 as compared with R5 HIV-1 shows limited to no replication in CD1a+ VEDCs. This differential replication occurs after fusion, suggesting that receptor usage influences postentry steps in the virus life cycle. Furthermore, CD1a+ VEDCs isolated from HIV-1–infected virologically suppressed women harbor HIV-1 DNA. Thus, CD1a+ VEDCs are potentially infected early during heterosexual transmission and also retain virus during treatment. Understanding the interplay between HIV-1 and CD1a+ VEDCs is important for future prevention and cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Jean-Robert Larrieux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Basset A, Bouthemy P, Boulanger J, Waharte F, Salamero J, Kervrann C. An extended model of vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane to estimate protein lateral diffusion from TIRF microscopy images. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:352. [PMID: 28738814 PMCID: PMC5525284 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing membrane dynamics is a key issue to understand cell exchanges with the extra-cellular medium. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) is well suited to focus on the late steps of exocytosis at the plasma membrane. However, it is still a challenging task to quantify (lateral) diffusion and estimate local dynamics of proteins. RESULTS A new model was introduced to represent the behavior of cargo transmembrane proteins during the vesicle fusion to the plasma membrane at the end of the exocytosis process. Two biophysical parameters, the diffusion coefficient and the release rate parameter, are automatically estimated from TIRFM image sequences, to account for both the lateral diffusion of molecules at the membrane and the continuous release of the proteins from the vesicle to the plasma membrane. Quantitative evaluation on 300 realistic computer-generated image sequences demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of the method. The application of our method on 16 real TIRFM image sequences additionally revealed differences in the dynamic behavior of Transferrin Receptor (TfR) and Langerin proteins. CONCLUSION An automated method has been designed to simultaneously estimate the diffusion coefficient and the release rate for each individual vesicle fusion event at the plasma membrane in TIRFM image sequences. It can be exploited for further deciphering cell membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Basset
- Inria, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042 France
- CNES, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31401 France
| | | | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 and PICT-Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, 12 rue Lhomond, Paris, 75005 France
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Francis Crick Avenue, CBC Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH UK
| | - François Waharte
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 and PICT-Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, 12 rue Lhomond, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Jean Salamero
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 and PICT-Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, 12 rue Lhomond, Paris, 75005 France
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10
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Ng WC, Londrigan SL, Nasr N, Cunningham AL, Turville S, Brooks AG, Reading PC. The C-type Lectin Langerin Functions as a Receptor for Attachment and Infectious Entry of Influenza A Virus. J Virol 2016; 90:206-21. [PMID: 26468543 PMCID: PMC4702526 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01447-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is well established that influenza A virus (IAV) attachment to and infection of epithelial cells is dependent on sialic acid (SIA) at the cell surface, although the specific receptors that mediate IAV entry have not been defined and multiple receptors may exist. Lec2 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are SIA deficient and resistant to IAV infection. Here we demonstrate that the expression of the C-type lectin receptor langerin in Lec2 cells (Lec2-Lg) rendered them permissive to IAV infection, as measured by replication of the viral genome, transcription of viral mRNA, and synthesis of viral proteins. Unlike SIA-dependent infection of parental CHO cells, IAV attachment and infection of Lec2-Lg cells was mediated via lectin-mediated recognition of mannose-rich glycans expressed by the viral hemagglutinin glycoprotein. Lec2 cells expressing endocytosis-defective langerin bound IAV efficiently but remained resistant to IAV infection, confirming that internalization via langerin was essential for infectious entry. Langerin-mediated infection of Lec2-Lg cells was pH and dynamin dependent, occurred via clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytic pathways, and utilized early (Rab5(+)) but not late (Rab7(+)) endosomes. This study is the first to demonstrate that langerin represents an authentic receptor that binds and internalizes IAV to facilitate infection. Moreover, it describes a unique experimental system to probe specific pathways and compartments involved in infectious entry following recognition of IAV by a single cell surface receptor. IMPORTANCE On the surface of host cells, sialic acid (SIA) functions as the major attachment factor for influenza A viruses (IAV). However, few studies have identified specific transmembrane receptors that bind and internalize IAV to facilitate infection. Here we identify human langerin as a transmembrane glycoprotein that can act as an attachment factor and a bone fide endocytic receptor for IAV infection. Expression of langerin by an SIA-deficient cell line resistant to IAV rendered cells permissive to infection. As langerin represented the sole receptor for IAV infection in this system, we have defined the pathways and compartments involved in infectious entry of IAV into cells following recognition by langerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wy Ching Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Najla Nasr
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Turville
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Chabrol E, Thépaut M, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Vivès C, Marcoux J, Kahn R, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Vachette P, Durand D, Fieschi F. Alteration of the langerin oligomerization state affects Birbeck granule formation. Biophys J 2015; 108:666-77. [PMID: 25650933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin, a trimeric C-type lectin specifically expressed in Langerhans cells, has been reported to be a pathogen receptor through the recognition of glycan motifs by its three carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). In the context of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-1) transmission, Langerhans cells of genital mucosa play a protective role by internalizing virions in Birbeck Granules (BG) for elimination. Langerin (Lg) is directly involved in virion binding and BG formation through its CRDs. However, nothing is known regarding the mechanism of langerin assembly underlying BG formation. We investigated at the molecular level the impact of two CRD mutations, W264R and F241L, on langerin structure, function, and BG assembly using a combination of biochemical and biophysical approaches. Although the W264R mutation causes CRD global unfolding, the F241L mutation does not affect the overall structure and gp120 (surface HIV-1 glycoprotein of 120 kDa) binding capacities of isolated Lg-CRD. In contrast, this mutation induces major functional and structural alterations of the whole trimeric langerin extracellular domain (Lg-ECD). As demonstrated by small-angle x-ray scattering comparative analysis of wild-type and mutant forms, the F241L mutation perturbs the oligomerization state and the global architecture of Lg-ECD. Correlatively, despite conserved intrinsic lectin activity of the CRD, avidity property of Lg-ECD is affected as shown by a marked decrease of gp120 binding. Beyond the change of residue itself, the F241L mutation induces relocation of the K200 side chain also located within the interface between protomers of trimeric Lg-ECD, thereby explaining the defective oligomerization of mutant Lg. We conclude that not only functional CRDs but also their correct spatial presentation are critical for BG formation as well as gp120 binding.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/ultrastructure
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/metabolism
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mannans/metabolism
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/chemistry
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Mutant Proteins/chemistry
- Mutant Proteins/metabolism
- Mutation/genetics
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Multimerization/drug effects
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Scattering, Small Angle
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chabrol
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble France; CEA, UMR 5075, Grenoble France
| | - Michel Thépaut
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble France; CEA, UMR 5075, Grenoble France
| | | | - Corinne Vivès
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble France; CEA, UMR 5075, Grenoble France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble France; CEA, UMR 5075, Grenoble France
| | - Richard Kahn
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble France; CEA, UMR 5075, Grenoble France
| | - Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond
- Centre Léon Bérard-UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Vachette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Franck Fieschi
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France; CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble France; CEA, UMR 5075, Grenoble France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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12
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Djaafri I, Khayati F, Menashi S, Tost J, Podgorniak MP, Sadoux A, Daunay A, Teixeira L, Soulier J, Idbaih A, Setterblad N, Fauvel F, Calvo F, Janin A, Lebbé C, Mourah S. A novel tumor suppressor function of Kindlin-3 in solid cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8970-85. [PMID: 25344860 PMCID: PMC4253411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-3 (FERMT-3) is known to be central in hemostasis and thrombosis control and its deficiency disrupts platelet aggregation and causes Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency disease. Here we report that Kindlin-3 has a tumor suppressive role in solid cancer. Our present genetic and functional data show that Kindlin-3 is downregulated in several solid tumors by a mechanism involving gene hypermethylation and deletions. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Kindlin-3 knockdown in 2 tumor cell models (breast cancer and melanoma) markedly increases metastasis formation, in accord with the in vitro increase of tumor cell malignant properties. The metastatic phenotype was supported by a mechanism involving alteration in β3-integrin activation including decreased phosphorylation, interaction with talin and the internalization of its active form leading to less cell attachment and more migration/invasion. These data uncover a novel and unexpected tumor suppressor role of Kindin-3 which can influence integrins targeted therapies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissem Djaafri
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Farah Khayati
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Génétique, Paris, France
| | | | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics, Centre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France. Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurelie Sadoux
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Luis Teixeira
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service d'oncologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Hematology Laboratory APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France. Inserm U 975, Paris, 75013 France, CNRS, UMR, Paris, France
| | - Niclas Setterblad
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Fauvel
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Calvo
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Janin
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Inserm, U728, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Celeste Lebbé
- Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Département de Dermatologie, Paris, France. Inserm U976, Paris, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- Inserm UMR-S 940 Paris, France. Institute of Hematology (IUH), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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13
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van den Berg LM, Ribeiro CMS, Zijlstra-Willems EM, de Witte L, Fluitsma D, Tigchelaar W, Everts V, Geijtenbeek TBH. Caveolin-1 mediated uptake via langerin restricts HIV-1 infection in human Langerhans cells. Retrovirology 2014; 11:123. [PMID: 25551286 PMCID: PMC4301922 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-014-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Langerhans cells (LCs) reside in foreskin and vaginal mucosa and are the first immune cells to interact with HIV-1 during sexual transmission. LCs capture HIV-1 through the C-type lectin receptor langerin, which routes the virus into Birbeck granules (BGs), thereby preventing HIV-1 infection. BGs are langerin-positive organelles exclusively present in LCs, however, their origin and function are unknown. Results Here, we not only show that langerin and caveolin-1 co-localize at the cell membrane and in vesicles but also that BGs are langerin/caveolin-1-positive vesicles are linked to the lysosomal degradation pathway in LCs. Moreover, inhibition of caveolar endocytosis in primary LCs abrogated HIV-1 sequestering into langerin+ caveolar structures. Notably, both inhibition of caveolar uptake and silencing of caveolar structure protein caveolin-1 resulted in increased HIV-1 integration and subsequent infection. In contrast, inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis did not affect HIV-1 integration, even though HIV-1 uptake was decreased, suggesting that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is not involved in HIV-1 restriction in LCs. Conclusions Thus, our data strongly indicate that BGs belong to the caveolar endocytosis pathway and that caveolin-1 mediated HIV-1 uptake is an intrinsic restriction mechanism present in human LCs that prevents HIV-1 infection. Harnessing this particular internalization pathway has the potential to facilitate strategies to combat HIV-1 transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0123-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M van den Berg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther M Zijlstra-Willems
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lot de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Donna Fluitsma
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Boulanger J, Gueudry C, Münch D, Cinquin B, Paul-Gilloteaux P, Bardin S, Guérin C, Senger F, Blanchoin L, Salamero J. Fast high-resolution 3D total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy by incidence angle scanning and azimuthal averaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17164-9. [PMID: 25404337 PMCID: PMC4260613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) is the method of choice to visualize a variety of cellular processes in particular events localized near the plasma membrane of live adherent cells. This imaging technique not relying on particular fluorescent probes provides a high sectioning capability. It is, however, restricted to a single plane. We present here a method based on a versatile design enabling fast multiwavelength azimuthal averaging and incidence angles scanning to computationally reconstruct 3D images sequences. We achieve unprecedented 50-nm axial resolution over a range of 800 nm above the coverslip. We apply this imaging modality to obtain structural and dynamical information about 3D actin architectures. We also temporally decipher distinct Rab11a-dependent exocytosis events in 3D at a rate of seven stacks per second.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Gueudry
- Plateforme Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire-Infrastructure en Biologie Santé et Agronomie Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Roper Scientific SAS, 91017 Evry, France; and
| | - Daniel Münch
- Plateforme Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire-Infrastructure en Biologie Santé et Agronomie Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Roper Scientific SAS, 91017 Evry, France; and
| | | | - Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux
- UMR144 CNRS/Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Plateforme Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire-Infrastructure en Biologie Santé et Agronomie Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Guérin
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Fabrice Senger
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Jean Salamero
- UMR144 CNRS/Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Plateforme Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire-Infrastructure en Biologie Santé et Agronomie Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
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15
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Feinberg H, Rowntree TJW, Tan SLW, Drickamer K, Weis WI, Taylor ME. Common polymorphisms in human langerin change specificity for glycan ligands. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36762-71. [PMID: 24217250 PMCID: PMC3873535 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.528000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin, a C-type lectin on Langerhans cells, mediates carbohydrate-dependent uptake of pathogens in the first step of antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system. Langerin binds a diverse range of carbohydrates including high mannose structures, fucosylated blood group antigens, and glycans with terminal 6-sulfated galactose. Mutagenesis and quantitative binding assays indicate that salt bridges between the sulfate group and two lysine residues compensate for the nonoptimal binding of galactose at the primary Ca2+ site. A commonly occurring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in human langerin results in change of one of these lysine residues, Lys-313, to isoleucine. Glycan array screening reveals that this amino acid change abolishes binding to oligosaccharides with terminal 6SO4-Gal and enhances binding to oligosaccharides with terminal GlcNAc residues. Structural analysis shows that enhanced binding to GlcNAc may result from Ile-313 packing against the N-acetyl group. The K313I polymorphism is tightly linked to another SNP that results in the change N288D, which reduces affinity for glycan ligands by destabilizing the Ca2+-binding site. Langerin with Asp-288 and Ile-313 shows no binding to 6SO4-Gal-terminated glycans and increased binding to GlcNAc-terminated structures, but overall decreased binding to glycans. Altered langerin function in individuals with the linked N288D and K313I polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to infection by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Feinberg
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom and
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16
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Lenormand C, Spiegelhalter C, Cinquin B, Bardin S, Bausinger H, Angénieux C, Eckly A, Proamer F, Wall D, Lich B, Tourne S, Hanau D, Schwab Y, Salamero J, de la Salle H. Birbeck granule-like "organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum" resulting from the expression of a cytoplasmic YFP-tagged langerin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60813. [PMID: 23577166 PMCID: PMC3618057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin is required for the biogenesis of Birbeck granules (BGs), the characteristic organelles of Langerhans cells. We previously used a Langerin-YFP fusion protein having a C-terminal luminal YFP tag to dynamically decipher the molecular and cellular processes which accompany the traffic of Langerin. In order to elucidate the interactions of Langerin with its trafficking effectors and their structural impact on the biogenesis of BGs, we generated a YFP-Langerin chimera with an N-terminal, cytosolic YFP tag. This latter fusion protein induced the formation of YFP-positive large puncta. Live cell imaging coupled to a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching approach showed that this coalescence of proteins in newly formed compartments was static. In contrast, the YFP-positive structures present in the pericentriolar region of cells expressing Langerin-YFP chimera, displayed fluorescent recovery characteristics compatible with active membrane exchanges. Using correlative light-electron microscopy we showed that the coalescent structures represented highly organized stacks of membranes with a pentalaminar architecture typical of BGs. Continuities between these organelles and the rough endoplasmic reticulum allowed us to identify the stacks of membranes as a form of “Organized Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum” (OSER), with distinct molecular and physiological properties. The involvement of homotypic interactions between cytoplasmic YFP molecules was demonstrated using an A206K variant of YFP, which restored most of the Langerin traffic and BG characteristics observed in Langerhans cells. Mutation of the carbohydrate recognition domain also blocked the formation of OSER. Hence, a “double-lock” mechanism governs the behavior of YFP-Langerin, where asymmetric homodimerization of the YFP tag and homotypic interactions between the lectin domains of Langerin molecules participate in its retention and the subsequent formation of BG-like OSER. These observations confirm that BG-like structures appear wherever Langerin accumulates and confirm that membrane trafficking effectors dictate their physiology and, illustrate the importance of molecular interactions in the architecture of intracellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Lenormand
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé 725, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Coralie Spiegelhalter
- Imaging Centre, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Bertrand Cinquin
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, BioImaging Cell-Institut Curie and Tissue Core Facility & Nikon Imaging Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Soleil Synchrotron, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sabine Bardin
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Huguette Bausinger
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé 725, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Angénieux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé 725, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé 725, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé 949, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Proamer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé 725, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Ben Lich
- FEI Company, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvie Tourne
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Hanau
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé 725, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Imaging Centre, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean Salamero
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, BioImaging Cell-Institut Curie and Tissue Core Facility & Nikon Imaging Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Henri de la Salle
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé 725, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Gidon A, Bardin S, Cinquin B, Boulanger J, Waharte F, Heliot L, Salle H, Hanau D, Kervrann C, Goud B, Salamero J. A Rab11A/Myosin Vb/Rab11-FIP2 Complex Frames Two Late Recycling Steps of Langerin from the ERC to the Plasma Membrane. Traffic 2012; 13:815-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2012.01354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gidon
- UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Laboratory; CNRS-Institut Curie; 26 rue d'Ulm; 75248; Paris cedex 05; France
| | - Sabine Bardin
- UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Laboratory; CNRS-Institut Curie; 26 rue d'Ulm; 75248; Paris cedex 05; France
| | | | - Jerome Boulanger
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, PICT-IBiSA & Nikon Imaging Center; UMR 144 CNRS-Institut Curie; 26 rue d'Ulm; 75248; Paris cedex 05; France
| | - François Waharte
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, PICT-IBiSA & Nikon Imaging Center; UMR 144 CNRS-Institut Curie; 26 rue d'Ulm; 75248; Paris cedex 05; France
| | - Laurent Heliot
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Molecular Dynamics and Interaction in Living Cell; 59658; Villeneuve d'Ascq; France
| | - Henri Salle
- INSERM U 725, Biology of Human Dendritic Cells; Strasbourg; France
| | - Daniel Hanau
- INSERM U 725, Biology of Human Dendritic Cells; Strasbourg; France
| | - Charles Kervrann
- INRIA Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique. Team SERPICO; Campus de Beaulieu; 35042; Rennes cedex; France
| | - Bruno Goud
- UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Laboratory; CNRS-Institut Curie; 26 rue d'Ulm; 75248; Paris cedex 05; France
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18
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Holla A, Skerra A. Comparative analysis reveals selective recognition of glycans by the dendritic cell receptors DC-SIGN and Langerin. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:659-69. [PMID: 21540232 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin) and Langerin are homologous C-type lectins expressed as cell-surface receptors on different populations of dendritic cells (DCs). DC-SIGN interacts with glycan structures on HIV-1, facilitating virus survival, transmission and infection, whereas Langerin, which is characteristic of Langerhans cells (LCs), promotes HIV-1 uptake and degradation. Here we describe a comprehensive comparison of the glycan specificities of both proteins by probing a synthetic carbohydrate microarray comprising 275 sugar compounds using the bacterially produced and fluorescence-labeled, monomeric carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of DC-SIGN and Langerin. In this side-by-side study DC-SIGN was found to preferentially bind internal mannose residues of high-mannose-type saccharides and the fucose-containing blood-type antigens H, A, B, Le(a), Le(b) Le(x), Le(y), sialyl-Le(a) as well as sulfatated derivatives of Le(a) and Le(x). In contrast, Langerin appeared to recognize a different spectrum of compounds, especially those containing terminal mannose, terminal N-acetylglucosamine and 6-sulfogalactose residues, but also the blood-type antigens H, A and B. Of the Lewis antigens, only Le(b), Le(y), sialyl-Le(a) and the sialyl-Le(x) derivative with 6'-sulfatation at the galactose (sialyl-6SGal Le(x)) were weakly bound by Langerin. Notably, Ca(2+)-independent glycan-binding activity of Langerin could not be detected either by probing the glycan array or by isothermal titration calorimetry of the CRD with mannose and mannobiose. The precise knowledge of carbohydrate specificity of DC-SIGN and Langerin receptors resulting from our study may aid the future design of microbicides that specifically affect the DC-SIGN/HIV-1 interaction while not compromising the protective function of Langerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Holla
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, CIPS-M, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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de Jong MAWP, Geijtenbeek TBH. Langerhans cells in innate defense against pathogens. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:452-9. [PMID: 21030306 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are at the frontline in defense against mucosal infections because they line the mucosal tissues and are ideally situated to intercept pathogens. Recent data suggest that LCs have an innate anti-HIV-1 function. LCs express the LC-specific C-type lectin Langerin that efficiently captures HIV-1, which prevents HIV-1 transmission. However, immune activation of LCs changes these protective cells into HIV-1-transmitting cells, which indicates that the antiviral function of LCs depends on several factors including co-infections. In this review, we discuss the dual role of LCs in innate defense against pathogens, with a focus on HIV-1 dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marein A W P de Jong
- Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Boulanger J, Gidon A, Kervran C, Salamero J. A patch-based method for repetitive and transient event detection in fluorescence imaging. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13190. [PMID: 20976222 PMCID: PMC2955530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic detection and characterization of molecular behavior in large data sets obtained by fast imaging in advanced light microscopy become key issues to decipher the dynamic architectures and their coordination in the living cell. Automatic quantification of the number of sudden and transient events observed in fluorescence microscopy is discussed in this paper. We propose a calibrated method based on the comparison of image patches expected to distinguish sudden appearing/vanishing fluorescent spots from other motion behaviors such as lateral movements. We analyze the performances of two statistical control procedures and compare the proposed approach to a frame difference approach using the same controls on a benchmark of synthetic image sequences. We have then selected a molecular model related to membrane trafficking and considered real image sequences obtained in cells stably expressing an endocytic-recycling trans-membrane protein, the Langerin-YFP, for validation. With this model, we targeted the efficient detection of fast and transient local fluorescence concentration arising in image sequences from a data base provided by two different microscopy modalities, wide field (WF) video microscopy using maximum intensity projection along the axial direction and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Finally, the proposed detection method is briefly used to statistically explore the effect of several perturbations on the rate of transient events detected on the pilot biological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Boulanger
- Mathematical Imaging, Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics, Linz, Austria.
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21
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Bougatef F, Menashi S, Khayati F, Naïmi B, Porcher R, Podgorniak MP, Millot G, Janin A, Calvo F, Lebbé C, Mourah S. EMMPRIN promotes melanoma cells malignant properties through a HIF-2alpha mediated up-regulation of VEGF-receptor-2. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12265. [PMID: 20824203 PMCID: PMC2930842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
EMMPRIN's expression in melanoma tissue was reported to be predictive of poor prognosis. Here we demonstrate that EMMPRIN up-regulated VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in two different primary melanoma cell lines and consequently increased migration and proliferation of these cells while inhibiting their apoptosis. SiRNA inhibition of VEGFR-2 expression abrogated these EMMPRIN effects. EMMPRIN regulation of VEGFR-2 was mediated through the over-expression of HIF-2α and its translocation to the nucleus where it forms heterodimers with HIF-1β. These results were supported by an in vivo correlation between the expression of EMMPRIN with that of VEGFR-2 in human melanoma tissues as well as with the extent of HIF-2α localization in the nucleus. They demonstrate a novel mechanism by which EMMPRIN promotes tumor progression through HIF-2α/VEGFR-2 mediated mechanism, with an autocrine role in melanoma cell malignancy. The inhibition of EMMPRIN in cancer may thus simultaneously target both the VEGFR-2/VEGF system and the matrix degrading proteases to block tumor cell growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Bougatef
- Inserm, UMR-S 940 Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Menashi
- CNRS-UMR 7149, Laboratoire CRRET, Créteil, France
- Université Paris12–94000, Créteil, France
| | - Farah Khayati
- Inserm, UMR-S 940 Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Raphaël Porcher
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Inserm, U717, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Data Processing, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Podgorniak
- Inserm, UMR-S 940 Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Guy Millot
- Inserm, UMR-S 940 Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Anne Janin
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Inserm, U728, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Calvo
- Inserm, UMR-S 940 Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbé
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- Inserm, UMR-S 940 Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7- Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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22
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Feinberg H, Powlesland AS, Taylor ME, Weis WI. Trimeric structure of langerin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:13285-93. [PMID: 20181944 PMCID: PMC2857130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.086058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerin, an endocytic receptor of Langerhans cells, binds pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus by recognition of surface glycoconjugates and mediates their internalization into Birbeck granules. Langerin has an extracellular region consisting of a C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) and a neck region that stabilizes formation of trimers. As in many other C-type lectins, oligomerization is required for high affinity binding to glycan ligands and is also likely to be important for determining specificity. To facilitate structural analysis of the human langerin trimer, a truncated form of the extracellular region, consisting of part of the neck and the CRD, has been characterized. Like the full-length protein, truncated langerin exists as a stable trimer in solution. Glycan array screening with the trimeric fragment shows that high mannose oligosaccharides are the best ligands for langerin. Structural analysis of the trimeric fragment of langerin confirms that the neck region forms a coiled-coil of alpha-helices. Multiple interactions between the neck region and the CRDs make the trimer a rigid unit with the three CRDs in fixed positions and the primary sugar-binding sites separated by a distance of 42 A. The fixed orientation of the sugar-binding sites in the trimer is likely to place constraints on the ligands that can be bound by langerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Feinberg
- From the
Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94306 and
| | - Alex S. Powlesland
- the
Division of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maureen E. Taylor
- the
Division of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - William I. Weis
- From the
Departments of Structural Biology and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94306 and
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23
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Tateno H, Ohnishi K, Yabe R, Hayatsu N, Sato T, Takeya M, Narimatsu H, Hirabayashi J. Dual specificity of Langerin to sulfated and mannosylated glycans via a single C-type carbohydrate recognition domain. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:6390-400. [PMID: 20026605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin is categorized as a C-type lectin selectively expressed in Langerhans cells, playing roles in the first line of defense against pathogens and in Birbeck granule formation. Although these functions are thought to be exerted through glycan-binding activity of the C-type carbohydrate recognition domain, sugar-binding properties of Langerin have not been fully elucidated in relation to its biological functions. Here, we investigated the glycan-binding specificity of Langerin using comprehensive glycoconjugate microarray, quantitative frontal affinity chromatography, and conventional cell biological analyses. Langerin showed outstanding affinity to galactose-6-sulfated oligosaccharides, including keratan sulfate, while it preserved binding activity to mannose, as a common feature of the C-type lectins with an EPN motif. By a mutagenesis study, Lys-299 and Lys-313 were found to form extended binding sites for sulfated glycans. Consistent with the former observation, the sulfated Langerin ligands were found to be expressed in brain and spleen, where the transcript of keratan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase is expressed. Moreover, such sulfated ligands were up-regulated in glioblastoma relative to normal brain tissues, and Langerin-expressing cells were localized in malignant brain tissues. Langerin also recognized pathogenic fungi, such as Candida and Malassezia, expressing heavily mannosylated glycans. These observations provide strong evidence that Langerin mediates diverse functions on Langerhans cells through dual recognition of sulfated as well as mannosylated glycans by its uniquely evolved C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tateno
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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24
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Thépaut M, Valladeau J, Nurisso A, Kahn R, Arnou B, Vivès C, Saeland S, Ebel C, Monnier C, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Imberty A, Fieschi F. Structural studies of langerin and Birbeck granule: a macromolecular organization model. Biochemistry 2009; 48:2684-98. [PMID: 19175323 DOI: 10.1021/bi802151w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells, a sentinel immunity cell lineage, include different cell subsets that express various C-type lectins. For example, epidermal Langerhans cells express langerin, and some dermal dendritic cells express DC-SIGN. Langerin is a crucial component of Birbeck granules, the Langerhans cell hallmark organelle, and may have a preventive role toward HIV, by its internalization into Birbeck granules. Since langerin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) is crucial for HIV interaction and Birbeck granule formation, we produced the CRD of human langerin and solved its structure at 1.5 A resolution. On this basis gp120 high-mannose oligosaccharide binding has been evaluated by molecular modeling. Hydrodynamic studies reveal a very elongated shape of recombinant langerin extracellular domain (ECD). A molecular model of the langerin ECD, integrating the CRD structure, has been generated and validated by comparison with hydrodynamic parameters. In parallel, Langerhans cells were isolated from human skin. From their analysis by electron microscopy and the langerin ECD model, an ultrastructural organization is proposed for Birbeck granules. To delineate the role of the different langerin domains in Birbeck granule formation, we generated truncated and mutated langerin constructs. After transfection into a fibroblastic cell line, we highlighted, in accordance with our model, the role of the CRD in the membrane zipping occurring in BG formation as well as some contribution of the cytoplasmic domain. Finally, we have shown that langerin ECD triggering with a specific mAb promotes global rearrangements of LC morphology. Our results open the way to the definition of a new membrane deformation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Thépaut
- Laboratoire des Proteines Membranaires, CEA, DSV, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Rab11 and Rab14 are two related Rab GTPases that are believed to function in endosomal recycling and Golgi/endosome transport processes. We, and others, have identified a group of proteins that interact with Rab11 and function as Rab11 effectors, known as the Rab11-FIPs (family interacting proteins). This protein family has been sub-classified into two groups - class I FIPs [FIP2, RCP (Rab coupling protein) and Rip11 (Rab11-interacting protein)] and class II FIPs (FIP3 and FIP4). RESULTS In the present study we identify the class I FIPs as dual Rab-binding proteins by demonstrating that they also interact with Rab14 in a GTP-dependent manner. We show that these interactions are specific for the class I FIPs and that they occur via their C-terminal regions, which encompass the previously described RBD (Rab11-binding domain). Furthermore, we show that Rab14 significantly co-localizes with the TfnR (transferrin receptor) and that Rab14 Q70L co-localizes with Rab11a and with the class I FIPs on the ERC (endosomal recycling compartment) during interphase. Additionally, we show that during cytokinesis Rab14 localizes to the cleavage furrow/midbody. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in the present study, which identifies the class I FIPs as the first putative effector proteins for the Rab14 GTPase, indicates greater complexity in the Rab-binding specificity of the class I FIP proteins.
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26
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de Witte L, Nabatov A, Geijtenbeek TBH. Distinct roles for DC-SIGN+-dendritic cells and Langerhans cells in HIV-1 transmission. Trends Mol Med 2008; 14:12-9. [PMID: 18055263 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lot de Witte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Uzan-Gafsou S, Bausinger H, Proamer F, Monier S, Lipsker D, Cazenave JP, Goud B, de la Salle H, Hanau D, Salamero J. Rab11A controls the biogenesis of Birbeck granules by regulating Langerin recycling and stability. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:3169-79. [PMID: 17538027 PMCID: PMC1949377 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which Rab GTPases, Rab-interacting proteins, and cargo molecules cooperate in the dynamic organization of membrane architecture remains to be clarified. Langerin, a recycling protein accumulating in the Rab11-positive compartments of Langerhans cells, induces the formation of Birbeck granules (BGs), which are membrane subdomains of the endosomal recycling network. We investigated the role of Rab11A and two members of the Rab11 family of interacting proteins, Rip11 and RCP, in Langerin traffic and the biogenesis of BGs. The overexpression of a dominant-negative Rab11A mutant or Rab11A depletion strongly influenced Langerin traffic and stability and the formation of BGs, whereas modulation of other Rab proteins involved in dynamic regulation of the endocytic-recycling pathway had no effect. Impairment of Rab11A function led to a missorting of Langerin to lysosomal compartments, but inhibition of Langerin degradation by chloroquine did not restore the formation of BGs. Loss of RCP, but not of Rip11, also had a modest, but reproducible effect on Langerin stability and BG biogenesis, pointing to a role for Rab11A-RCP complexes in these events. Our results show that Rab11A and Langerin are required for BG biogenesis, and they illustrate the role played by a Rab GTPase in the formation of a specialized subcompartment within the endocytic-recycling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Uzan-Gafsou
- *Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Laboratoire “Mécanismes Moléculaires du Transport Intracellulaire,” Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Huguette Bausinger
- U 725 “Biologie des Cellules Dendritiques Humaines” and
- Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; and
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Proamer
- U 725 “Biologie des Cellules Dendritiques Humaines” and
- Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; and
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Solange Monier
- *Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Laboratoire “Mécanismes Moléculaires du Transport Intracellulaire,” Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dan Lipsker
- U 725 “Biologie des Cellules Dendritiques Humaines” and
- Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; and
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Cazenave
- U 311, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
- Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; and
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- *Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Laboratoire “Mécanismes Moléculaires du Transport Intracellulaire,” Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Henri de la Salle
- U 725 “Biologie des Cellules Dendritiques Humaines” and
- Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; and
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Hanau
- U 725 “Biologie des Cellules Dendritiques Humaines” and
- Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; and
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Salamero
- *Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Laboratoire “Mécanismes Moléculaires du Transport Intracellulaire,” Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Pöhlmann S, Tremblay MJ. Attachment of human immunodeficiency virus to cells and its inhibition. ENTRY INHIBITORS IN HIV THERAPY 2007. [PMCID: PMC7123856 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-7783-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The entry of enveloped viruses involves virus adsorption followed by close apposition of the viral and plasma membranes. This multistep process is initiated by specific binding interactions between glycoproteins in the viral envelope and appropriate receptors on the cell surface. In the case of HIV-1, attachment of virions to the cell surface is attributed to a high affinity interaction between envelope spike glycoproteins (Env, composed of the surface protein gp120 and the transmembrane protein gp41) and a complex made of the primary CD4 receptor and a seven-transmembrane co-receptor (e.g., CXCR4 or CCR5) (reviewed in [1]). Then a chain of dynamic events take place that enable the viral nucleocapsid to penetrate within the target cell following the destabilization of membrane microenvironment and the formation of a fusion pore.
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29
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Tirlapur UK, Mulholland WJ, Bellhouse BJ, Kendall M, Cornhill JF, Cui Z. Femtosecond two-photon high-resolution 3D imaging, spatial-volume rendering and microspectral characterization of immunolocalized MHC-II and mLangerin/CD207 antigens in the mouse epidermis. Microsc Res Tech 2006; 69:767-75. [PMID: 16941665 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) play a sentinel role by initiating both adaptive and innate immune responses to antigens pertinent to the skin. With the discovery of various LCs markers including antibodies to major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules and CD1a, intracellular presence of racket-shaped "Birbeck granules," and very recently Langerin/CD207, LCs can be readily distinguished from other subsets of dendritic cells. Femtosecond two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) in recent years has emerged as an alternative to the single photon-excitation based confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), particularly for minimally-invasive deep-tissue 3D and 4D vital as well as nonvital biomedical imaging. We have recently combined high resolution two-photon immunofluorescence (using anti MHC-II and Langerin/CD207 antibodies) imaging with microspectroscopy and advanced image-processing/volume-rendering modalities. In this work, we demonstrate the use of this novel state-of-the-art combinational approach to characterize the steady state 3D organization and spectral features of the mouse epidermis, particularly to identify the spatial distribution of LCs. Our findings provide unequivocal direct evidence that, in the mouse epidermis, the MHC-II and mLangerin/CD207 antigens do indeed manifest a high degree of colocalization around the nucleus of the LCs, while in the distal dendritic processes, mLangerin/CD207 antigens are rather sparsely distributed as punctuate structures. This unique possibility to simultaneously visualize high resolution 3D-resolved spatial distributions of two different immuno-reactive antigens, namely MHC-II and mLangerin/CD207, along with the nuclei of LCs and the adjacent epidermal cells can find interesting applications. These could involve aspects associated with pragmatic analysis of the kinetics of LCs migration as a function of immuno-dermatological responses during (1) human Immunodeficiency virus disease progression, (2) vaccination and targeted gene therapy, (3) skin transplantation/plastic surgery, (4) ultraviolet and other radiation exposure, (5) tissue-engineering of 3D skin constructs, as well as in (6) cosmetic industry, to unravel the influence of cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday K Tirlapur
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
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30
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Abstract
Proliferations of Langerhans cells can be histologically divided into cytologically benign Langerhans cell proliferations, which include the clinical syndromes of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and cytologically malignant Langerhans cell sarcoma. We report a Langerhans cell sarcoma in a 33-year-old male that arose on the posterior thigh with subsequent regional lymph node involvement. Conventional microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis confirmed Langerhans cell differentiation. Aberrant CD31 expression, similar to that described previously in Langerhans cell histiocytosis, was prominent in this tumor, possibly enhancing its migratory capabilities.
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