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Gao Y, Feng T, Qiu H, Gu Y, Chen Q, Zuo C, Ma H. 4D spectral-spatial computational photoacoustic dermoscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 34:100572. [PMID: 38058749 PMCID: PMC10696115 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic dermoscopy (PAD) is an emerging non-invasive imaging technology aids in the diagnosis of dermatological conditions by obtaining optical absorption information of skin tissues. Despite advances in PAD, it remains unclear how to obtain quantitative accuracy of the reconstructed PAD images according to the optical and acoustic properties of multilayered skin, the wavelength and distribution of excitation light, and the detection performance of ultrasound transducers. In this work, a computing method of four-dimensional (4D) spectral-spatial imaging for PAD is developed to enable quantitative analysis and optimization of structural and functional imaging of skin. This method takes the optical and acoustic properties of heterogeneous skin tissues into account, which can be used to correct the optical field of excitation light, detectable ultrasonic field, and provide accurate single-spectrum analysis or multi-spectral imaging solutions of PAD for multilayered skin tissues. A series of experiments were performed, and simulation datasets obtained from the computational model were used to train neural networks to further improve the imaging quality of the PAD system. All the results demonstrated the method could contribute to the development and optimization of clinical PADs by datasets with multiple variable parameters, and provide clinical predictability of photoacoustic (PA) data for human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory (SCILab), Nanjing 210094, China
- Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute (SCIRI) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Fudan University, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Gu
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory (SCILab), Nanjing 210094, China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory (SCILab), Nanjing 210094, China
- Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute (SCIRI) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haigang Ma
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory (SCILab), Nanjing 210094, China
- Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute (SCIRI) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing 210094, China
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Finlayson L, Barnard IRM, McMillan L, Ibbotson SH, Brown CTA, Eadie E, Wood K. Depth Penetration of Light into Skin as a Function of Wavelength from 200 to 1000 nm. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:974-981. [PMID: 34699624 DOI: 10.1111/php.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the use of light-based technology and medical devices has created a demand for informative and accessible data showing the depth that light penetrates into skin and how this varies with wavelength. These data would be particularly beneficial in many areas of medical research and would support the use and development of disease-targeted light-based therapies for specific skin diseases, based on increased understanding of wavelength-dependency of cutaneous penetration effects. We have used Monte Carlo radiative transport (MCRT) to simulate light propagation through a multi-layered skin model for the wavelength range of 200-1000 nm. We further adapted the simulation to compare the effect of direct and diffuse light sources, varying incident angles and stratum corneum thickness. The lateral spread of light in skin was also investigated. As anticipated, we found that the penetration depth of light into skin varies with wavelength in accordance with the optical properties of skin. Penetration depth of ultraviolet radiation was also increased when the stratum corneum was thinner. These observations enhance understanding of the wavelength-dependency and characteristics of light penetration of skin, which has potential for clinical impact regarding optimizing light-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Finlayson
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Isla R M Barnard
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Lewis McMillan
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Sally H Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - C Tom A Brown
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Ewan Eadie
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Kenneth Wood
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Champmartin C, Chedik L, Marquet F, Cosnier F. Occupational exposure assessment with solid substances: choosing a vehicle for in vitro percutaneous absorption experiments. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:294-316. [PMID: 36125048 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2097052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous occupational exposure to industrial toxicants can be assessed in vitro on excised human or animal skins. Numerous factors can significantly influence skin permeation of chemicals and the flux determination. Among them, the vehicle used to solubilize the solid substances is a tricky key step. A "realistic surrogate" that closely matches the exposure scenario is recommended in first intention. When direct transposition of occupational exposure conditions to in vitro experiments is impossible, it is recommended that the vehicle used does not affect the skin barrier (in particular in terms of structural integrity, composition, or enzymatic activity). Indeed, any such effect could alter the percutaneous absorption of substances in a number of ways, as we will see. Potential effects are described for five monophasic vehicles, including the three most frequently used: water, ethanol, acetone; and two that are more rarely used, but are realistic: artificial sebum and artificial sweat. Finally, we discuss a number of criteria to be verified and the associated tests that should be performed when choosing the most appropriate vehicle, keeping in mind that, in the context of occupational exposure, the scientific quality of the percutaneous absorption data provided, and how they are interpreted, may have long-range consequences. From the narrative review presented, we also identify and discuss important factors to consider in future updates of the OECD guidelines for in vitro skin absorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Champmartin
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Lisa Chedik
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Marquet
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
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A Novel Quality Control Method for the Determination of the Refractive Index of Oil-in-Water Creams and Its Correlation with Skin Hydration. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory properties of cosmetic products can influence consumers’ choice. The accurate correlation of sensory properties, such as skin hydration, with the material properties of the formulation could be desirable. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a new method for the in vitro measurement of the refractive indices (RIs) of turbid creams. The critical wavelength of each cream was obtained through direct measurement using a sun protection factor (SPF) meter; the wavelength value was then applied in the Sellmeier equation to determine the RI. The results obtained from the in vitro skin hydration measurement for each cream correlated with their RI values. This suggests that RI measurements could be a useful predictive tool for the ranking of creams in terms of their skin hydration effects.
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Refractive index of biological tissues: Review, measurement techniques, and applications. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102192. [PMID: 33508501 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) is a characteristic optical variable that controls the propagation of light in the medium (e.g., biological tissues). Basic research with the aim to investigate the RI of biological tissues is of paramount importance for biomedical optics and associated applications. Herein, we reviewed and summarized the RI data of biological tissues and the associated insights. Different techniques for the measurement of RI of biological tissues are also discussed. Moreover, several examples of the RI applications from basic research, clinics and optics industry are outlined. This study may provide a comprehensive reference for RI data of biological tissues for the biomedical research and beyond.
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Tzabari Kelman Y, Asraf S, Ozana N, Shabairou N, Zalevsky Z. Optical tissue probing: human skin hydration detection by speckle patterns analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4874-4883. [PMID: 31565531 PMCID: PMC6757448 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An optical approach to determine the hydration level in human skin is presented. The approach is based on temporal tracking of back-reflected secondary speckle patterns generated while illuminating the tested area with a laser and applying periodic vibrations to the surface via a controlled vibration source (CVS). This approach has already been tested successfully for other biomedical parameters such as sensing vital signs, hematology and hemodynamic processes in the body. In this paper we examine and adjust this optical technique with the aim of measuring human skin moisture. We compare the suitability and accuracy of our optical method to the commercially available device for skin moisture measurements, the Corneometer CM 825 (by Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). Preliminary experiments showing the method's suitability for hydration measurements are presented, may lead to more accurate results that may upgrade the control of the cosmetic industry as well as identifying symptoms of moisture-related skin diseases.
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Andleeb F, Ullah H. Optical coherence tomography in early detection of malignancies. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.18.02466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tsugita T, Iwai T. Optical coherence tomography using images of hair structure and dyes penetrating into the hair. Skin Res Technol 2014; 20:389-98. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tsugita
- Skin Beauty Research Laboratories; Kao Corporation; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Bio-Applications and System Engineering (BASE); Graduate School of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiaki Iwai
- Division of Bio-Applications and System Engineering (BASE); Graduate School of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Tokyo Japan
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Mlosek RK, Malinowska S, Sikora M, Dębowska R, Stępień A, Czekaj K, Dąbrowska A. The use of high frequency ultrasound imaging in skin moisturization measurement. Skin Res Technol 2013; 19:169-75. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Mlosek
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the II Medical Faculty of the Medical; University of Warsaw; Warszawa Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Sikora
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences; Technical University of Lodz; Łódź Poland
| | | | - Anna Stępień
- Student Learning Circle of Ultrasound- Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the II Medical Faculty of the Medical; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Karolina Czekaj
- Student Learning Circle of Ultrasound- Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the II Medical Faculty of the Medical; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Dąbrowska
- Student Learning Circle of Ultrasound- Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the II Medical Faculty of the Medical; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
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Boone M, Jemec GBE, Del Marmol V. High-definition optical coherence tomography enables visualization of individual cells in healthy skin: comparison to reflectance confocal microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:740-4. [PMID: 22913427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
High-definition OCT (HD-OCT) is an innovative technique based on the principle of conventional OCT. Our objective was to test the resolution and image quality of HD-OCT in comparison with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of healthy skin. Firstly, images have been made of a ultra-high-resolution line-pair phantome with both systems. Secondly, we investigated 21 healthy volunteers of different phototypes with HD-OCT and RCM on volar forearm and compared the generated images. HD-OCT displays also differences depending on the skin phototype and anatomical site. The 3-μm lateral resolution of the HD-OCT could be confirmed by the phantom analysis. The identification of cells in the epidermis can be made by both techniques. RCM offers the best lateral resolution, and HD-OCT has the best penetration depth, providing images of individual cells deeper within the dermis. Eccrine ducts and hair shafts with pilosebaceous units can be observed depending on skin site. HD-OCT provides morphological imaging with sufficient resolution and penetration depth to permit visualization of individual cells at up to 570 μm in depth offering the possibility of additional structural information complementary to that of RCM. HD-OCT further has the possibility for rapid three-dimensional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Boone
- Department of Dermatology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Lennik, Belgium.
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Uttam S, Bista RK, Hartman DJ, Brand RE, Liu Y. Correction of stain variations in nuclear refractive index of clinical histology specimens. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:116013. [PMID: 22112118 PMCID: PMC3221715 DOI: 10.1117/1.3650306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For any technique to be adopted into a clinical setting, it is imperative that it seamlessly integrates with well-established clinical diagnostic workflow. We recently developed an optical microscopy technique-spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy (SL-QPM) that can extract the refractive index of the cell nucleus from the standard histology specimens on glass slides prepared via standard clinical protocols. This technique has shown great potential in detecting cancer with a better sensitivity than conventional pathology. A major hurdle in the clinical translation of this technique is the intrinsic variation among staining agents used in histology specimens, which limits the accuracy of refractive index measurements of clinical samples. In this paper, we present a simple and easily generalizable method to remove the effect of variations in staining levels on nuclear refractive index obtained with SL-QPM. We illustrate the efficacy of our correction method by applying it to variously stained histology samples from animal model and clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Uttam
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Optical Imaging Laboratory (BOIL), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA.
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Gambichler T, Jaedicke V, Terras S. Optical coherence tomography in dermatology: technical and clinical aspects. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 303:457-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ting CK, Chang Y. Technique of fiber optics used to localize epidural space in piglets. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:11138-11147. [PMID: 20588973 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.011138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Technique of loss-of-resistance in epidural block is commonly used for epidural anesthesia in humans with approximately 90% successful rate. However, it may be one of the most difficult procedures to learn for anesthesia residents in hospital. A two-wavelength (650 nm and 532 nm) fiber-optical method has been developed according to the characteristic reflectance spectra of ex-vivo porcine tissues, which are associated with the needle insertion to localize the epidural space (ES). In an in-vivo study in piglets showed that the reflected lights from ES and its surrounding tissue ligamentum flavum (LF) are highly distinguishable. This indicates that this technique has potential to localize the ES on the spot without the help of additional guiding assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Kun Ting
- 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, and Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 155 Sec. 2 Li-Nong St., Bei-Tou Dist., Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Abstract
Water is absolutely essential for the normal functioning of the skin and especially its outer layer, the stratum corneum (SC). Loss of water from the skin must be carefully regulated, a function dependent on the complex nature of the SC. The retention of water in the SC is dependent on two major components: (1) the presence of natural hygroscopic agents within the corneocytes (collectively referred to as natural moisturizing factor) and (2) the SC intercellular lipids orderly arranged to form a barrier to transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The water content of the SC is necessary for proper SC maturation and skin desquamation. Increased TEWL impairs enzymatic functions required for normal desquamation resulting in the visible appearance of dry, flaky skin. There have been recent discoveries regarding the complex mechanisms of skin hydration. In particular, it has been discovered that glycerol, a well-known cosmetic ingredient, exists in the SC as a natural endogenous humectant. Hyaluronan, which has been regarded mainly as dermal component, is found in the epidermis and is important for maintaining normal SC structure and epidermal barrier function. More importantly, the discovery of the existence of the water-transporting protein aquaporin-3 in the viable epidermis and the presence of tight junction structures at the junction between the stratum granulosum and SC have brought new insights into the mechanisms of skin water distribution and barrier function.
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