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Yang X, Deng L, Diao X, Yang S, Zou L, Yang Q, Li J, Nie J, Zhao L, Jiao B. Targeting cuproptosis by zinc pyrithione in triple-negative breast cancer. iScience 2023; 26:108218. [PMID: 37953954 PMCID: PMC10637938 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a considerable challenge due to its aggressive nature. Notably, metal ion-induced cell death, such as ferroptosis, has garnered significant attention and demonstrated potential implications for cancer. Recently, cuproptosis, a potent cell death pathway reliant on copper, has been identified. However, whether cuproptosis can be targeted for cancer treatment remains uncertain. Here, we screened the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library and identified zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) as a compound that significantly inhibited TNBC progression. RNA sequencing revealed that ZnPT disrupted copper homeostasis. Furthermore, ZnPT facilitated the oligomerization of dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, a landmark molecule of cuproptosis. Clinically, high expression levels of cuproptosis-related proteins were significantly correlated with poor prognosis in TNBC patients. Collectively, these findings indicate that ZnPT can induce cell death by targeting and disrupting copper homeostasis, providing a potential experimental foundation for exploring cuproptosis as a target in drug discovery for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Breast Cancer, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Xianhong Diao
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Li Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Qin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jianyun Nie
- Department of Breast Cancer, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650203, China
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Johnson ES, Chang DW, Schwartz JR, Blume-Peytavi U, Henry JP, Caterino TL, Talley AL. Enhanced piroctone olamine retention from shampoo for superior anti-dandruff efficacy. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 45:236-245. [PMID: 36573829 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dandruff is a pervasive chronic condition which negatively impacts quality of life. Effective treatment requires efficient delivery of scalp benefit agents that control commensal scalp Malassezia levels. Delivery of benefit agents from shampoos requires balancing many technical parameters to achieve the desired outcome without sacrificing secondary parameters, such as cosmetic attributes. AIM To develop formulation technologies that increase the shampoo delivery efficiency of the scalp benefit agent piroctone olamine (PO). Increased delivery should result in increased anti-dandruff efficacy. METHODS Micellar Stability and Association parameters were quantified via dynamic surface tension and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion parameters, respectively. PO delivery has been assessed in vivo both on the scalp surface and follicular infindibula using extraction procedures and analytical analysis. Clinical anti-dandruff efficacy was assessed for an advanced delivery technology prototype in comparison to standard delivery technology. RESULTS Shampoo prototypes have been developed that increase the delivery efficiency of PO. Both surfactant and polymer coacervate-based approaches have been developed. Decreased micellar stability results in weaker association between PO and micelles, resulting in more efficient PO retention on the scalp surface and delivery to the infundibula. Increased charge density of cationic polymers optimizes coacervation enabling improved PO delivery as well. Increased PO delivery has been shown clinically to result in higher anti-dandruff efficacy as measured by both visible flakes and underlying biomarkers. CONCLUSION Increased efficiency PO delivery shampoos have been developed by optimization of both surfactant and coacervate parameters. The increased deposition efficiency results in significantly more products with significantly greater anti-dandruff efficacy.
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Mangion SE, Sandiford L, Mohammed Y, Roberts MS, Holmes AM. Multi-Modal Imaging to Assess the Follicular Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051076. [PMID: 35631659 PMCID: PMC9145647 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is a widely used antifungal, usually applied as a microparticle suspension to facilitate delivery into the hair follicles. It then dissociates into a soluble monomeric form that is bioactive against yeast and other microorganisms. In this study, we use multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to characterise ZnPT formulations and map the delivery of particles into follicles within human skin. To simulate real-world conditions, it was applied using a massage or no-massage technique, while simultaneously assessing the dissolution using Zinpyr-1, a zinc labile fluorescent probe. ZnPT particles can be detected in a range of shampoo formulations using both MPM and FLIM, though FLIM is optimal for detection as it allows spectral and lifetime discrimination leading to increased selectivity and sensitivity. In aqueous suspensions, the ZnPT 7.2 µm particles could be detected up to 500 µm in the follicle. The ZnPT particles in formulations were finer (1.0–3.3 µm), resulting in rapid dissolution on the skin surface and within follicles, evidenced by a reduced particle signal at 24 h but enhanced Zinpyr-1 intensity in the follicular and surface epithelium. This study shows how MPM-FLIM multimodal imaging can be used as a useful tool to assess ZnPT delivery to skin and its subsequent dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Mangion
- Therapeutics Research Centre, UniSA—Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.E.M.); (L.S.); (M.S.R.)
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lydia Sandiford
- Therapeutics Research Centre, UniSA—Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.E.M.); (L.S.); (M.S.R.)
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Michael S. Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, UniSA—Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.E.M.); (L.S.); (M.S.R.)
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Amy M. Holmes
- Therapeutics Research Centre, UniSA—Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.E.M.); (L.S.); (M.S.R.)
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-449-020-795
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Mangion SE, Holmes AM, Roberts MS. Targeted Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione to Skin Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9730. [PMID: 34575891 PMCID: PMC8465279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is an anti-fungal drug delivered as a microparticle to skin epithelia. It is one of the most widely used ingredients worldwide in medicated shampoo for treating dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (SD), a disorder with symptoms that include skin flaking, erythema and pruritus. SD is a multi-factorial disease driven by microbiol dysbiosis, primarily involving Malassezia yeast. Anti-fungal activity of ZnPT depends on the cutaneous availability of bioactive monomeric molecular species, occurring upon particle dissolution. The success of ZnPT as a topical therapeutic is underscored by the way it balances treatment efficacy with formulation safety. This review demonstrates how ZnPT achieves this balance, by integrating the current understanding of SD pathogenesis with an up-to-date analysis of ZnPT pharmacology, therapeutics and toxicology. ZnPT has anti-fungal activity with an average in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration of 10-15 ppm against the most abundant scalp skin Malassezia species (Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restrica). Efficacy is dependent on the targeted delivery of ZnPT to the skin sites where these yeasts reside, including the scalp surface and hair follicle infundibulum. Imaging and quantitative analysis tools have been fundamental for critically evaluating the therapeutic performance and safety of topical ZnPT formulations. Toxicologic investigations have focused on understanding the risk of local and systemic adverse effects following exposure from percutaneous penetration. Future research is expected to yield further advances in ZnPT formulations for SD and also include re-purposing towards a range of other dermatologic applications, which is likely to have significant clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Mangion
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (S.E.M.); (A.M.H.)
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Amy M. Holmes
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (S.E.M.); (A.M.H.)
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael S. Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (S.E.M.); (A.M.H.)
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Sandiford L, Holmes AM, Mangion SE, Mohammed YH, Zvyagin AV, Roberts MS. Optical Characterization of Zinc Pyrithione. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1142-1150. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Sandiford
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Amy M. Holmes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Sean E. Mangion
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Yousuf H. Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Centre Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Andrei V. Zvyagin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Sechenov University Moscow Russia
| | - Michael S. Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research Adelaide SA Australia
- Therapeutics Research Centre Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
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Garrett NL, Singh B, Jones A, Moger J. Imaging microscopic distribution of antifungal agents in dandruff treatments with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:66003. [PMID: 28599021 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.066003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of dandruff condition usually involves use of antidandruff shampoos containing antifungal agents. Different antifungal agents show variable clinical efficacy based on their cutaneous distribution and bioavailability. Using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), we mapped the distribution of unlabeled low-molecular weight antifungal compounds zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) and climbazole (CBZ) on the surface of intact porcine skin with cellular precision. SRS has sufficient chemical selectivity and sensitivity to detect the agents on the skin surface based on their unique chemical motifs that do not occur naturally in biological tissues. Moreover, SRS is able to correlate the distribution of the agents with the morphological features of the skin using the CH 2 stretch mode, which is abundant in skin lipids. This is a significant strength of the technique since it allows the microscopic accumulation of the agents to be correlated with physiological features and their chemical environment without the use of counter stains. Our findings show that due to its lower solubility, ZnPT coats the surface of the skin with a sparse layer of crystals in the size range of 1 to 4 ?? ? m . This is consistent with the current understanding of the mode of action of ZnPT. In contrast, CBZ being more soluble and hydrophobic resulted in diffuse homogeneous distribution. It predominantly resided in microscopic lipid-rich crevasses and penetrated up to 60 ?? ? m into the infundibular spaces surrounding the hair shaft. The ability of the SRS to selectively map the distribution of agents on the skin’s surface has the potential to provide insight into the mechanisms underpinning the topical application of antifungal or skin-active agents that could lead to the rational engineering of enhanced formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natlaie L Garrett
- University of Exeter, School of Physics, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Bhumika Singh
- Unilever Research and Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Unilever Research and Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Moger
- University of Exeter, School of Physics, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
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Schwartz JR, Henry JP, Kerr KM, Flagler MJ, Page SH, Redman-Furey N. Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre-emergent hair to affect post-emergent hair cuticle integrity. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 17:105-111. [PMID: 28504468 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the oxidative stress transmitted to newly grown hair from an unhealthy scalp has physical consequences to the cuticular condition and function. METHODS A uniquely designed 24-week clinical study included 8 weeks of pretreatment with a cosmetic shampoo and 16 weeks of treatment with either a potentiated zinc pyrithione (ZPT) antidandruff shampoo or a placebo cosmetic shampoo. This clinical design allowed the growth and acquisition of hair samples under conditions of varying but known scalp health as a result of treating a dandruff/seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD) population. Two complementary methods were used to characterize the integrity of the cuticular surface. Hair surface hydrophobicity was assessed by quantifying water wetting force using a Wilhelmy balance method. Surface structure and porosity were assessed using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) to gravimetrically quantify water sorption. RESULTS Chemical oxidative stress to pre-emergent hair has been shown to have negative consequences to hair surface structure. Compared to a placebo shampoo control, use of a potentiated ZPT shampoo improved scalp health and significantly improved the following attributes associated with healthy hair: hair surface hydrophobicity (surface energy) and cuticular moisture barrier effectiveness (dynamic vapor sorption). CONCLUSIONS Pre-emergent hair can be negatively impacted by the oxidative stress that occurs with an unhealthy scalp, possibly due to metabolic activity of resident microbes. Manifestations of the oxidative stress include altered cuticle surface properties that are responsible for its protective function; these effects are similar in type to those observed by bleaching post-emergent hair. These alterations have the potential to make the hair, once emerged from the scalp, more susceptible to the cumulative physical and chemical insults responsible for hair feel and look, fiber integrity, and overall retention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathy M Kerr
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Steve H Page
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Schwartz JR, Henry JP, Kerr KM, Mizoguchi H, Li L. The role of oxidative damage in poor scalp health: ramifications to causality and associated hair growth. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 37 Suppl 2:9-15. [PMID: 26574300 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative stress element of unhealthy scalp leads to compromised pre-emergent hair formation and poorly formed hair as it grows. Only cosmetic solutions can minimize the impact of unhealthy hair and to achieve healthy looking and feeling hair, the scalp health must be normalized first. The objectives of this research were to both investigate whether oxidative stress was a relevant aetiological element in scalp dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis and whether scalp condition affects the quality of hair that grows from it. Further, this research was designed to determine whether an effective anti-dandruff shampoo would repair and protect the scalp and pre-emergent hair from oxidative stress. This study demonstrated that oxidative stress is an aetiological element relevant to the dandruff condition and that a potentiated ZPT shampoo effectively improves scalp condition, including a reduction in oxidative stress. The compromised hair condition associated with dandruff is concomitantly improved when the scalp condition is improved. It appears that there is a direct link between hair quality and scalp health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Schwartz
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J P Henry
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K M Kerr
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Mizoguchi
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - L Li
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Rush AK, Miller MA, Smith ED, Kasting GB. A quantitative radioluminographic imaging method for evaluating lateral diffusion rates in skin. J Control Release 2015; 216:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schwartz JR, Bacon RA, Shah R, Mizoguchi H, Tosti A. Therapeutic efficacy of anti-dandruff shampoos: A randomized clinical trial comparing products based on potentiated zinc pyrithione and zinc pyrithione/climbazole. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:381-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Schwartz
- The Procter & Gamble Company, 11511 Reed Hartman Hwy.; Cincinnati OH 45241 U.S.A
| | - R. A. Bacon
- The Procter & Gamble Company, 11511 Reed Hartman Hwy.; Cincinnati OH 45241 U.S.A
| | - R. Shah
- The Procter & Gamble Company, 11511 Reed Hartman Hwy.; Cincinnati OH 45241 U.S.A
| | - H. Mizoguchi
- The Procter & Gamble Company, 11511 Reed Hartman Hwy.; Cincinnati OH 45241 U.S.A
| | - A. Tosti
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; 1295 NW 14th St; South Bldg, Sites K, L & M Miami FL 33136 U.S.A
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Bacon RA, Mizoguchi H, Schwartz JR. Assessing therapeutic effectiveness of scalp treatments for dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, part 2: the impact of gender and ethnicity on efficacy. J DERMATOL TREAT 2012; 25:237-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2012.719077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Schwartz J, Shah R, Krigbaum H, Sacha J, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U. New insights on dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis: the role of the scalp follicular infundibulum in effective treatment strategies. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165 Suppl 2:18-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schmidt-Rose T, Braren S, Fölster H, Hillemann T, Oltrogge B, Philipp P, Weets G, Fey S. Efficacy of a piroctone olamine/climbazol shampoo in comparison with a zinc pyrithione shampoo in subjects with moderate to severe dandruff. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:276-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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