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Ciuffreda P, Xynomilakis O, Casati S, Ottria R. Fluorescence-Based Enzyme Activity Assay: Ascertaining the Activity and Inhibition of Endocannabinoid Hydrolytic Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7693. [PMID: 39062935 PMCID: PMC11276806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system, known for its regulatory role in various physiological processes, relies on the activities of several hydrolytic enzymes, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and α/β-hydrolase domains 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12), to maintain homeostasis. Accurate measurement of these enzymes' activities is crucial for understanding their function and for the development of potential therapeutic agents. Fluorometric assays, which offer high sensitivity, specificity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, have become essential tools in enzymatic studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles behind these assays, the various substrates and fluorophores used, and advances in assay techniques used not only for the determination of the kinetic mechanisms of enzyme reactions but also for setting up kinetic assays for the high-throughput screening of each critical enzyme involved in endocannabinoid degradation. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to highlight the strengths and limitations of current fluorometric assays and suggest future directions for improving the measurement of enzyme activity in the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (O.X.); (S.C.)
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Xiong X, Yang C, Jin Y, Zhang R, Wang S, Gan L, Hou S, Bao Y, Zeng Z, Ye Y, Gao Z. ABHD6 suppresses colorectal cancer progression via AKT signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:647-662. [PMID: 38197491 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a prevalent malignancy, posing a significant risk to human health. The involvement of alpha/beta hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6), a serine hydrolase family member, in CRC development was suggested by our analysis of clinical data. However, the role of ABHD6 in CRC remains unclear. This study seeks to elucidate the clinical relevance, biological function, and potential molecular mechanisms of ABHD6 in CRC. We investigated the role of ABHD6 in clinical settings, conducting proliferation, migration, and cell cycle assays. To determine the influence of ABHD6 expression levels on Oxaliplatin sensitivity, we also performed apoptosis assays. RNA sequencing and KEGG analysis were utilized to uncover the potential molecular mechanisms of ABHD6. Furthermore, we validated its expression levels using Western blot and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays. Our results demonstrated that ABHD6 expression in CRC tissues was notably lower compared to adjacent normal tissues. This low expression correlated with a poorer prognosis for CRC patients. Moreover, ABHD6 overexpression impeded CRC cell proliferation and migration while inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In vivo experiments revealed that downregulation of ABHD6 resulted in an increase in tumor weight and volume. Mechanistically, ABHD6 overexpression inhibited the activation of the AKT signaling pathway and decreased ROS levels in CRC cells, suggesting the role of ABHD6 in CRC progression via the AKT signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrate that ABHD6 functions as a tumor suppressor, primarily by inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway. This role establishes ABHD6 as a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiteng Jin
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Hou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yudi Bao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zexian Zeng
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Gao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xue Z, Ye L, Ge J, Lan Z, Zou X, Mao C, Bao X, Yu L, Xu Y, Zhu X. Wwl70-induced ABHD6 inhibition attenuates memory deficits and pathological phenotypes in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106864. [PMID: 37480972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) contributes to synaptic dysfunctions, and ABHD6 inhibition has shown potential therapeutic value in neurological disorders. However, the role of ABHD6 in AD has not been fully defined. In this study, we demonstrated that adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated shRNA targeting ABHD6 in hippocampal neurons attenuated synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, while it didn't affect the amyloid-beta (Aβ) levels and neuroinflammation in the brains. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of wwl70, a specific inhibitor of ABHD6, improved synaptic plasticity and memory function in APP/PS1 mice, which might attribute to the activation of endogenous cannabinoid signaling. Furthermore, wwl70 significantly decreased the Aβ levels and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of AD mice, and enhanced Aβ phagocytized by microglia. In conclusion, for the first time our data have shown that ABHD6 inhibition might be a promising strategy for AD treatment, and wwl70 is a potential candidate for AD drug development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xue
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianwei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglu Mao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Wild AR, Hogg PW, Flibotte S, Kochhar S, Hollman RB, Haas K, Bamji SX. CellPalmSeq: A curated RNAseq database of palmitoylating and de-palmitoylating enzyme expression in human cell types and laboratory cell lines. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1110550. [PMID: 36760531 PMCID: PMC9904442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible lipid modification protein S-palmitoylation can dynamically modify the localization, diffusion, function, conformation and physical interactions of substrate proteins. Dysregulated S-palmitoylation is associated with a multitude of human diseases including brain and metabolic disorders, viral infection and cancer. However, the diverse expression patterns of the genes that regulate palmitoylation in the broad range of human cell types are currently unexplored, and their expression in commonly used cell lines that are the workhorse of basic and preclinical research are often overlooked when studying palmitoylation dependent processes. We therefore created CellPalmSeq (https://cellpalmseq.med.ubc.ca), a curated RNAseq database and interactive webtool for visualization of the expression patterns of the genes that regulate palmitoylation across human single cell types, bulk tissue, cancer cell lines and commonly used laboratory non-human cell lines. This resource will allow exploration of these expression patterns, revealing important insights into cellular physiology and disease, and will aid with cell line selection and the interpretation of results when studying important cellular processes that depend on protein S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Wild
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter W. Hogg
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- Life Sciences Institute Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shruti Kochhar
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocio B. Hollman
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kurt Haas
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shernaz X. Bamji
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Shernaz X. Bamji,
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Pusch LM, Riegler-Berket L, Oberer M, Zimmermann R, Taschler U. α/β-Hydrolase Domain-Containing 6 (ABHD6)- A Multifunctional Lipid Hydrolase. Metabolites 2022; 12:761. [PMID: 36005632 PMCID: PMC9412472 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) belongs to the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily and was originally discovered in a functional proteomic approach designed to discover monoacylglycerol (MAG) hydrolases in the mouse brain degrading the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Subsequent studies confirmed that ABHD6 acts as an MAG hydrolase regulating cannabinoid receptor-dependent and -independent signaling processes. The enzyme was identified as a negative modulator of insulin secretion and regulator of energy metabolism affecting the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic syndrome. It has been implicated in the metabolism of the lysosomal co-factor bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate and in the surface delivery of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptors. Finally, ABHD6 was shown to affect cancer cell lipid metabolism and tumor malignancy. Here, we provide new insights into the experimentally derived crystal structure of ABHD6 and its possible orientation in biological membranes, and discuss ABHD6's functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Pusch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lina Riegler-Berket
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Drabarek W, van Riet J, Nguyen JQN, Smit KN, van Poppelen NM, Jansen R, Medico-Salsench E, Vaarwater J, Magielsen FJ, Brands T, Eussen B, van den Bosch TPP, Verdijk RM, Naus NC, Paridaens D, de Klein A, Brosens E, van de Werken HJG, Kilic E. Identification of Early-Onset Metastasis in SF3B1 Mutated Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030846. [PMID: 35159112 PMCID: PMC8834136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study describes clinical and genetic characteristics of the largest aggregated cohort of Splicing Factor 3 Subunit B1 (SF3B1)-mutated Uveal Melanoma (UM) in the literature (n = 146). Missense mutations in the spliceosome gene SF3B1 result in an altered splice site recognition and aberrant mRNA transcripts. The SF3B1-mutated UM show early- and late-onset of metastatic disease for which, currently, no distinguishing biomarkers exist. Using a cutoff of 60 months for stratification, we found that a largest basal tumor diameter was more prevalent in the early-onset metastatic disease group. Furthermore, using differential gene expression and the detection of aberrant transcripts, we found that the expression of alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) is associated with early-onset metastatic SF3B1 and aberrant transcripts that are associated with early-onset SF3B1-mutated UM. Our results provide more accurate prognostication and targets for future functional studies in an effort to elucidate pathogenesis of SF3B1-mutated UM. Abstract Approximately 25% of all uveal melanoma (UM) contain driver mutations in the gene encoding the spliceosome factor SF3B1, and whilst patients with such SF3B1 mutations generally have an intermediate risk on developing metastatic disease, a third of these patients develop early metastasis within 5 years after diagnosis. We therefore investigated whether clinical and/or genetic variables could be indicative of short progression-free survival (PFS < 60 months) or long PFS (PFS ≥ 60 months) for SF3B1-mutated (SF3B1mut) UM patients. We collected 146 SF3B1mut UM from our Rotterdam Ocular Melanoma Studygroup (ROMS) database and external published datasets. After stratification of all SF3B1mut UM using short PFS vs. long PFS, only largest tumor diameter (LTD) was significantly larger (mean: 17.7 mm (±2.8 SD) in the short PFS SF3B1mut group vs. the long PFS group (mean: 14.7 (±3.7 SD, p = 0.001). Combined ROMS and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptomic data were evaluated, and we identified SF3B1mut-specific canonical transcripts (e.g., a low expression of ABHD6 indicative for early-onset metastatic disease) or distinct expression of SF3B1mut UM aberrant transcripts, indicative of early- or late-onset or no metastatic SF3B1mut UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojtek Drabarek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Job van Riet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine Q. N. Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Kyra N. Smit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Natasha M. van Poppelen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Rick Jansen
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Medico-Salsench
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Jolanda Vaarwater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
| | - Frank J. Magielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Tom Brands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Bert Eussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Thierry. P. P. van den Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.P.P.v.d.B.); (R.M.V.)
| | - Robert M. Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.P.P.v.d.B.); (R.M.V.)
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. Naus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
| | - Dion Paridaens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.-S.); (F.J.M.); (B.E.); (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Harmen J. G. van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (H.J.G.v.d.W.); (E.K.); Tel.: +31-107044467 (H.J.G.v.d.W.); +31-107044272 (E.K.)
| | - Emine Kilic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.D.); (J.Q.N.N.); (K.N.S.); (N.M.v.P.); (J.V.); (T.B.); (N.C.N.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.G.v.d.W.); (E.K.); Tel.: +31-107044467 (H.J.G.v.d.W.); +31-107044272 (E.K.)
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Zhang H, Li X, Liao D, Luo P, Jiang X. Alpha/Beta-Hydrolase Domain-Containing 6: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:784202. [PMID: 34925039 PMCID: PMC8675881 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.784202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) is a transmembrane serine hydrolase that hydrolyzes monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipids such as endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). ABHD6 participates in neurotransmission, inflammation, brain energy metabolism, tumorigenesis and other biological processes and is a potential therapeutic target for various neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy, mental illness, and pain. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of action and biological functions of ABHD6, particularly its mechanism of action in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, and provides a theoretical basis for new pharmacological interventions via targeting of ABHD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofuzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Bononi G, Tuccinardi T, Rizzolio F, Granchi C. α/β-Hydrolase Domain (ABHD) Inhibitors as New Potential Therapeutic Options against Lipid-Related Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9759-9785. [PMID: 34213320 PMCID: PMC8389839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Much of the experimental evidence in the literature has linked altered lipid metabolism to severe diseases such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular pathologies, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting key effectors of the dysregulated lipid metabolism may represent an effective strategy to counteract these pathological conditions. In this context, α/β-hydrolase domain (ABHD) enzymes represent an important and diversified family of proteins, which are involved in the complex environment of lipid signaling, metabolism, and regulation. Moreover, some members of the ABHD family play an important role in the endocannabinoid system, being designated to terminate the signaling of the key endocannabinoid regulator 2-arachidonoylglycerol. This Perspective summarizes the research progress in the development of ABHD inhibitors and modulators: design strategies, structure-activity relationships, action mechanisms, and biological studies of the main ABHD ligands will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Deng H, Li W. Therapeutic potential of targeting α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112353. [PMID: 32371333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
α/β-Hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) is a transmembrane serine hydrolase that hydrolyzes monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipids, particularly the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in both central and peripheral tissues. ABHD6 and its substrates have been shown to be involved in the modulation of various (patho)physiological processes, including neurotransmission, inflammation, insulin secretion, adipose browning, food intake, autoimmune disorders, as well as neurological and metabolic diseases, making this enzyme a promising therapeutic target to treat several diseases. This review will focus on the molecular mechanism, biological functions and pathological roles of ABHD6, as well as recent efforts to develop ABHD6 inhibitors, providing a strong basis for the development of small molecules by targeting ABHD6 to treat diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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10
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Tang Z, Xie H, Heier C, Huang J, Zheng Q, Eichmann TO, Schoiswohl G, Ni J, Zechner R, Ni S, Hao H. Enhanced monoacylglycerol lipolysis by ABHD6 promotes NSCLC pathogenesis. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102696. [PMID: 32143183 PMCID: PMC7057193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells display metabolic changes that correlate with malignancy, including an elevated hydrolysis of monoacylglycerol (MAG) in various cancer types. However, evidence is absent for the relationship between MAG lipolysis and NSCLC. METHODS MAG hydrolase activity assay, migration, invasion, proliferation, lipids quantification, and transactivation assays were performed in vitro. Tumor xenograft studies and lung metastasis assays were examined in vivo. The correlations of MAGL/ABHD6 expression in cancerous tissues with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of NSCLC patients were validated. FINDINGS ABHD6 functions as the primary MAG lipase and an oncogene in NSCLC. MAG hydrolase activities were more than 11-fold higher in cancerous lung tissues than in paired non-cancerous tissues derived from NSCLC patients. ABHD6, instead of MAGL, was significantly associated with advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (HR, 1.382; P = 0.004) and had a negative impact on the overall survival of NSCLC patients (P = 0.001). ABHD6 silencing reduced migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro as well as metastatic seeding and tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of ABHD6 provoked the pathogenic potential. ABHD6 blockade significantly induced intracellular MAG accumulation which activated PPARα/γ signaling and inhibited cancer pathophysiology. INTERPRETATION The present study provide evidence for a previously uncovered pro-oncogenic function of ABHD6 in NSCLC, with the outlined metabolic mechanisms shedding light on new potential strategies for anticancer therapy. FUND: This work was supported by the Project for Major New Drug Innovation and Development (2015ZX09501010 and 2018ZX09711001-002-003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiuling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | | | - Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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11
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Cao JK, Kaplan J, Stella N. ABHD6: Its Place in Endocannabinoid Signaling and Beyond. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:267-277. [PMID: 30853109 PMCID: PMC6445269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system modulates neurotransmission and inflammation, among other physiological functions. Its newest member, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6), has emerged as a promising therapeutic target to treat several devastating diseases, including epilepsy. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that mediate and control eCB signaling and, within it, the specific role of ABHD6. We also discuss how ABHD6 controls the abundance of additional lipids and the trafficking of ionotropic receptors to plasma membranes. We finish with several unexplored questions regarding this novel enzyme. Our current understanding of the molecular mechanism and biological function of ABHD6 provides a strong foundation for the development of small-molecule therapeutics to treat devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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12
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Bleffert F, Granzin J, Gohlke H, Batra-Safferling R, Jaeger KE, Kovacic F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa esterase PA2949, a bacterial homolog of the human membrane esterase ABHD6: expression, purification and crystallization. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:270-277. [PMID: 30950828 PMCID: PMC6450514 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The human membrane-bound α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) protein modulates endocannabinoid signaling, which controls appetite, pain and learning, as well as being linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, through the degradation of the key lipid messenger 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG). This makes ABHD6 an attractive therapeutic target that lacks structural information. In order to better understand the molecular mechanism of 2-AG-hydrolyzing enzymes, the PA2949 protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has 49% sequence similarity to the ABHD6 protein, was cloned, overexpressed, purified and crystallized. Overexpression of PA2949 in the homologous host yielded the membrane-bound enzyme, which was purified in milligram amounts. Besides their sequence similarity, the enzymes both show specificity for the hydrolysis of 2-AG and esters of medium-length fatty acids. PA2949 in the presence of n-octyl β-D-glucoside showed a higher activity and stability at room temperature than those previously reported for PA2949 overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. A suitable expression host and stabilizing detergent were crucial for obtaining crystals, which belonged to the tetragonal space group I4122 and diffracted to a resolution of 2.54 Å. This study provides hints on the functional similarity of ABHD6-like proteins in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and might guide the structural study of these difficult-to-crystallize proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bleffert
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Joachim Granzin
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) and Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Renu Batra-Safferling
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Filip Kovacic
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
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13
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Xu J, Gu W, Ji K, Xu Z, Zhu H, Zheng W. Sequence analysis and structure prediction of ABHD16A and the roles of the ABHD family members in human disease. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180017. [PMID: 29794032 PMCID: PMC5990648 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abhydrolase domain containing 16A (ABHD16A) is a member of the α/β hydrolase domain-containing (ABHD) protein family and is expressed in a variety of animal cells. Studies have shown that ABHD16A has acylglycerol lipase and phosphatidylserine lipase activities. Its gene location in the main histocompatibility complex (MHC) III gene cluster suggests that this protein may participate in the immunomodulation of the body. The results of studies investigating nearly 20 species of ABHDs reveal that the ABHD proteins are key factors in metabolic regulation and disease occurrence and development. In this paper, we summarize the related progress regarding the function of ABHD16A and other ABHD proteins. A prediction of the active sites and structural domains of ABHD16A and an analysis of the amino acid sites are included. Moreover, we analysed the amino acid sequences of the ABHD16A molecules in different species and provide an overview of the related functions and diseases associated with these proteins. The functions and diseases related to ABHD are systematically summarized and highlighted. Future research directions for studies investigating the functions and mechanisms of these proteins are also suggested. Further studies investigating the function of ABHD proteins may further confirm their positions as important determinants of lipid metabolism and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Henan Business Research Institute Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou, He'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kind L, Kursula P. Structural properties and role of the endocannabinoid lipases ABHD6 and ABHD12 in lipid signalling and disease. Amino Acids 2018; 51:151-174. [PMID: 30564946 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is an important part of both the human central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. It is involved in the regulation of various physiological and neuronal processes and has been associated with various diseases. The eCB system is a complex network composed of receptor molecules, their cannabinoid ligands, and enzymes regulating the synthesis, release, uptake, and degradation of the signalling molecules. Although the eCB system and the molecular processes of eCB signalling have been studied extensively over the past decades, the involved molecules and underlying signalling mechanisms have not been described in full detail. An example pose the two poorly characterised eCB-degrading enzymes α/β-hydrolase domain protein six (ABHD6) and ABHD12, which have been shown to hydrolyse 2-arachidonoyl glycerol-the main eCB in the CNS. We review the current knowledge about the eCB system and the role of ABHD6 and ABHD12 within this important signalling system and associated diseases. Homology modelling and multiple sequence alignments highlight the structural features of the studied enzymes and their similarities, as well as the structural basis of disease-related ABHD12 mutations. However, homologies within the ABHD family are very low, and even the closest homologues have widely varying substrate preferences. Detailed experimental analyses at the molecular level will be necessary to understand these important enzymes in full detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kind
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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15
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Lauria S, Perrotta C, Casati S, Di Renzo I, Ottria R, Eberini I, Palazzolo L, Parravicini C, Ciuffreda P. Design, synthesis, molecular modelling and in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of novel carbamate derivatives as inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol lipase. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2561-2572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Poursharifi P, Madiraju SRM, Prentki M. Monoacylglycerol signalling and ABHD6 in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:76-89. [PMID: 28880480 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism dysregulation underlies chronic pathologies such as obesity, diabetes and cancer. Besides their role in structure and energy storage, lipids are also important signalling molecules regulating multiple biological functions. Thus, understanding the precise lipid metabolism enzymatic steps that are altered in some pathological conditions is helpful for designing better treatment strategies. Several monoacylglycerol (MAG) species are only recently being recognized as signalling lipid molecules in different tissues. Recent studies indicated the importance of the ubiquitously expressed serine hydrolase α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6), which is a MAG hydrolase, in regulating signalling competent MAG in both central and peripheral tissues. The central and peripheral function of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which is a 2-MAG, and its breakdown by both ABHD6 and classical MAG lipase has been well documented. ABHD6 and its substrate MAG appear to be involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes including insulin secretion, adipose browning, food intake, neurotransmission, autoimmune disorders, neurological and metabolic diseases as well as cancer. Diverse cellular targets such as mammalian unc13-1 (Munc13-1), PPARs, GPR119 and CB1/2 receptors, for MAG-mediated signalling processes have been proposed in different cell types. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding ABHD6/MAG signalling and its possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Poursharifi
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sri Ramachandra Murthy Madiraju
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
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17
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Grüner BM, Schulze CJ, Yang D, Ogasawara D, Dix MM, Rogers ZN, Chuang CH, McFarland CD, Chiou SH, Brown JM, Cravatt BF, Bogyo M, Winslow MM. An in vivo multiplexed small-molecule screening platform. Nat Methods 2016; 13:883-889. [PMID: 27617390 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenotype-based small-molecule screening is a powerful method to identify molecules that regulate cellular functions. However, such screens are generally performed in vitro under conditions that do not necessarily model complex physiological conditions or disease states. Here, we use molecular cell barcoding to enable direct in vivo phenotypic screening of small-molecule libraries. The multiplexed nature of this approach allows rapid in vivo analysis of hundreds to thousands of compounds. Using this platform, we screened >700 covalent inhibitors directed toward hydrolases for their effect on pancreatic cancer metastatic seeding. We identified multiple hits and confirmed the relevant target of one compound as the lipase ABHD6. Pharmacological and genetic studies confirmed the role of this enzyme as a regulator of metastatic fitness. Our results highlight the applicability of this multiplexed screening platform for investigating complex processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dian Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa M Dix
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zoë N Rogers
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) negatively regulates the surface delivery and synaptic function of AMPA receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2695-704. [PMID: 27114538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524589113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, AMPA-type glutamate receptors are major postsynaptic receptors at excitatory synapses that mediate fast neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6), a monoacylglycerol lipase, was previously found to be a component of AMPA receptor macromolecular complexes, but its physiological significance in the function of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) has remained unclear. The present study shows that overexpression of ABHD6 in neurons drastically reduced excitatory neurotransmission mediated by AMPA but not by NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses. Inactivation of ABHD6 expression in neurons by either CRISPR/Cas9 or shRNA knockdown methods significantly increased excitatory neurotransmission at excitatory synapses. Interestingly, overexpression of ABHD6 reduced glutamate-induced currents and the surface expression of GluA1 in HEK293T cells expressing GluA1 and stargazin, suggesting a direct functional interaction between these two proteins. The C-terminal tail of GluA1 was required for the binding between of ABHD6 and GluA1. Mutagenesis analysis revealed a GFCLIPQ sequence in the GluA1 C terminus that was essential for the inhibitory effect of ABHD6. The hydrolase activity of ABHD6 was not required for the effects of ABHD6 on AMPAR function in either neurons or transfected HEK293T cells. Thus, these findings reveal a novel and unexpected mechanism governing AMPAR trafficking at synapses through ABHD6.
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19
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Reuter D, Staege MS, Kühnöl CD, Föll J. Immunostimulation by OX40 Ligand Transgenic Ewing Sarcoma Cells. Front Oncol 2015; 5:242. [PMID: 26579494 PMCID: PMC4621427 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) transgenic Ewing sarcoma cells can induce tumor specific T and NK cell responses and reduce tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, the efficiency of this stimulation is not high enough to inhibit tumor growth completely. In addition to recognition of the cognate antigen, optimal T-cell stimulation requires signals from so-called co-stimulatory molecules. Several members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily have been identified as co-stimulatory molecules that can augment antitumor immune responses. OX40 (CD134) and OX40 ligand (OX40L = CD252; also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand family member 4) is one example of such receptor/ligand pair with co-stimulatory function. In the present investigation, we generated OX40L transgenic Ewing sarcoma cells and tested their immunostimulatory activity in vitro. OX40L transgenic Ewing sarcoma cells showed preserved expression of Ewing sarcoma-associated (anti)gens including lipase member I, cyclin D1 (CCND1), cytochrome P450 family member 26B1 (CYP26B1), and the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-friend leukemia virus integration 1 (EWSR1-FLI1) oncogene. OX40L-expressing tumor cells showed a trend for enhanced immune stimulation against Ewing sarcoma cells in combination with IL-2 and stimulation of CD137. Our data suggest that inclusion of the OX40/OX40L pathway of co-stimulation might improve immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Reuter
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Martin S Staege
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Caspar D Kühnöl
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Jürgen Föll
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany ; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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20
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Pribasnig MA, Mrak I, Grabner GF, Taschler U, Knittelfelder O, Scherz B, Eichmann TO, Heier C, Grumet L, Kowaliuk J, Romauch M, Holler S, Anderl F, Wolinski H, Lass A, Breinbauer R, Marsche G, Brown JM, Zimmermann R. α/β Hydrolase Domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) Degrades the Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Lipid Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29869-81. [PMID: 26491015 PMCID: PMC4705992 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α/β Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) can act as monoacylglycerol hydrolase and is believed to play a role in endocannabinoid signaling as well as in the pathogenesis of obesity and liver steatosis. However, the mechanistic link between gene function and disease is incompletely understood. Here we aimed to further characterize the role of ABHD6 in lipid metabolism. We show that mouse and human ABHD6 degrade bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) with high specific activity. BMP, also known as lysobisphosphatidic acid, is enriched in late endosomes/lysosomes, where it plays a key role in the formation of intraluminal vesicles and in lipid sorting. Up to now, little has been known about the catabolism of this lipid. Our data demonstrate that ABHD6 is responsible for ∼90% of the BMP hydrolase activity detected in the liver and that knockdown of ABHD6 increases hepatic BMP levels. Tissue fractionation and live-cell imaging experiments revealed that ABHD6 co-localizes with late endosomes/lysosomes. The enzyme is active at cytosolic pH and lacks acid hydrolase activity, implying that it degrades BMP exported from acidic organelles or de novo-formed BMP. In conclusion, our data suggest that ABHD6 controls BMP catabolism and is therefore part of the late endosomal/lysosomal lipid-sorting machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Pribasnig
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irina Mrak
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot F Grabner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Scherz
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Grumet
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jakob Kowaliuk
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Romauch
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Felix Anderl
- the University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gunther Marsche
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - J Mark Brown
- the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
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21
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Oparina NY, Delgado-Vega AM, Martinez-Bueno M, Magro-Checa C, Fernández C, Castro RO, Pons-Estel BA, D'Alfonso S, Sebastiani GD, Witte T, Lauwerys BR, Endreffy E, Kovács L, Escudero A, López-Pedrera C, Vasconcelos C, da Silva BM, Frostegård J, Truedsson L, Martin J, Raya E, Ortego-Centeno N, de los Angeles Aguirre M, de Ramón Garrido E, Palma MJC, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Kozyrev SV. PXKlocus in systemic lupus erythematosus: fine mapping and functional analysis reveals novel susceptibility geneABHD6. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:e14. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Lord CC, Thomas G, Brown JM. Mammalian alpha beta hydrolase domain (ABHD) proteins: Lipid metabolizing enzymes at the interface of cell signaling and energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:792-802. [PMID: 23328280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism underlies many chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, understanding enzymatic mechanisms controlling lipid synthesis and degradation is imperative for successful drug discovery for these human diseases. Genes encoding α/β hydrolase fold domain (ABHD) proteins are present in virtually all reported genomes, and conserved structural motifs shared by these proteins predict common roles in lipid synthesis and degradation. However, the physiological substrates and products for these lipid metabolizing enzymes and their broader role in metabolic pathways remain largely uncharacterized. Recently, mutations in several members of the ABHD protein family have been implicated in inherited inborn errors of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, studies in cell and animal models have revealed important roles for ABHD proteins in lipid metabolism, lipid signal transduction, and metabolic disease. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary surrounding the current state of knowledge regarding mammalian ABHD protein family members. In particular, we will discuss how ABHD proteins are ideally suited to act at the interface of lipid metabolism and signal transduction. Although, the current state of knowledge regarding mammalian ABHD proteins is still in its infancy, this review highlights the potential for the ABHD enzymes as being attractive targets for novel therapies targeting metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb C Lord
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gwynneth Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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23
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Bowman AL, Makriyannis A. Highly predictive ligand-based pharmacophore and homology models of ABHD6. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 81:382-8. [PMID: 23110439 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) represents a potentially attractive therapeutic target for indirectly potentiating 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling; however, the enzyme is currently largely uncharacterized. Here, we describe a five element, ligand-based pharmacophore model along with a refined homology model of ABHD6. Following a virtual screen of a modest database, both the pharmacophore and homology models were found to be highly predictive, preferentially identifying ABHD6 inhibitors over drug-like non-inhibitors. The models yield insight into the features required for optimal ligand binding to ABHD6 and the atomic structure of the binding site. In combination, the two models should be very helpful not only in high-throughput virtual screening, but also in lead optimization, and will facilitate the development of novel, selective ABHD6 inhibitors as potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Bowman
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Navia-Paldanius D, Savinainen JR, Laitinen JT. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12). J Lipid Res 2012; 53:2413-24. [PMID: 22969151 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, three enzymes belonging to the serine hydrolase family are thought to regulate the life time of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (C20:4) (2-AG). From these, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is well characterized and, on a quantitative basis, is the main 2-AG hydrolase. The postgenomic proteins α/β-hydrolase domain containing (ABHD)6 and ABHD12 remain poorly characterized. By applying a sensitive fluorescent glycerol assay, we delineate the substrate preferences of human ABHD6 and ABHD12 in comparison with MAGL. We show that the three hydrolases are genuine MAG lipases; medium-chain saturated MAGs were the best substrates for hABHD6 and hMAGL, whereas hABHD12 preferred the 1 (3)- and 2-isomers of arachidonoylglycerol. Site-directed mutagenesis of the amino acid residues forming the postulated catalytic triad (ABHD6: S148-D278-H306, ABHD12: S246-D333-H372) abolished enzymatic activity as well as labeling with the active site serine-directed fluorophosphonate probe TAMRA-FP. However, the role of D278 and H306 as residues of the catalytic core of ABHD6 could not be verified because none of the mutants showed detectable expression. Inhibitor profiling revealed striking potency differences between hABHD6 and hABHD12, a finding that, when combined with the substrate profiling data, should facilitate further efforts toward the design of potent and selective inhibitors, especially those targeting hABHD12, which currently lacks such inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Navia-Paldanius
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
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25
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Savinainen JR, Saario SM, Laitinen JT. The serine hydrolases MAGL, ABHD6 and ABHD12 as guardians of 2-arachidonoylglycerol signalling through cannabinoid receptors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 204:267-76. [PMID: 21418147 PMCID: PMC3320662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a lipid mediator involved in various physiological processes. In response to neural activity, 2-AG is synthesized post-synaptically, then activates pre-synaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) in a retrograde manner, resulting in transient and long-lasting reduction of neurotransmitter release. The signalling competence of 2-AG is tightly regulated by the balanced action between ‘on demand’ biosynthesis and degradation. We review recent research on monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), ABHD6 and ABHD12, three serine hydrolases that together account for approx. 99% of brain 2-AG hydrolase activity. MAGL is responsible for approx. 85% of 2-AG hydrolysis and colocalizes with CB1R in axon terminals. It is therefore ideally positioned to terminate 2-AG-CB1R signalling regardless of the source of this endocannabinoid. Its acute pharmacological inhibition leads to 2-AG accumulation and CB1R-mediated behavioural responses. Chronic MAGL inactivation results in 2-AG overload, desensitization of CB1R signalling and behavioural tolerance. ABHD6 accounts for approx. 4% of brain 2-AG hydrolase activity but in neurones it rivals MAGL in efficacy. Neuronal ABHD6 resides post-synaptically, often juxtaposed with CB1Rs, and its acute inhibition leads to activity-dependent accumulation of 2-AG. In cortical slices, selective ABHD6 blockade facilitates CB1R-dependent long-term synaptic depression. ABHD6 is therefore positioned to guard intracellular pools of 2-AG at the site of generation. ABHD12 is highly expressed in microglia and accounts for approx. 9% of total brain 2-AG hydrolysis. Mutations in ABHD12 gene are causally linked to a neurodegenerative disease called PHARC. Whether ABHD12 qualifies as a bona fide member to the endocannabinoid system remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Savinainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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26
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Schmiedel BJ, Hutter C, Hesse M, Staege MS. Expression of multiple membrane-associated phospholipase A1 beta transcript variants and lysophosphatidic acid receptors in Ewing tumor cells. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4619-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Staege MS, Hesse M, Max D. Lipases and Related Molecules in Cancer. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2010. [DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of lipids. Based on protein structures and sequences, lipases can be classified into different protein families. The majority of conventional mammalian lipases are members of the protein super-families of serine esterases and alpha-beta hydrolases. Differential expression of lipases and related alpha-beta hydrolases in tumor cells has been observed. The physiological or patho-physiological functions of these tumor related enzymes are largely unknown. However, lipases are not only involved in energy metabolism but also in the metabolism of bioactive molecules, e.g. phosphatidic acid or arachidonic acid, suggesting that tumor-specifically expressed lipases might be interesting targets for the development of future treatment strategies. Moreover, independent of the patho-physiological function, tumor associated lipases can serve as targets for immunological treatment strategies. In addition, lipases with exclusive expression in single tumor entities can serve as potential diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Staege
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Manuela Hesse
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Daniela Max
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, D-06097 Halle, Germany
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