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van der Horst HJ, Nijhof IS, Mutis T, Chamuleau MED. Fc-Engineered Antibodies with Enhanced Fc-Effector Function for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3041. [PMID: 33086644 PMCID: PMC7603375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has rapidly changed the field of cancer therapy. In 1997, the CD20-targeting mAb rituximab was the first mAb to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of cancer. Within two decades, dozens of mAbs entered the clinic for treatment of several hematological cancers and solid tumors, and numerous more are under clinical investigation. The success of mAbs as cancer therapeutics lies in their ability to induce various cytotoxic machineries against specific targets. These cytotoxic machineries include antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are all mediated via the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of mAbs. In this review article, we will outline the novel approaches of engineering these Fc domains of mAbs to enhance their Fc-effector function and thereby their anti-tumor potency, with specific focus to summarize their (pre-) clinical status for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilma J. van der Horst
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.S.N.); (T.M.); (M.E.D.C.)
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2
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Li L, Wang L. Multiple Myeloma: What Do We Do About Immunodeficiency? J Cancer 2019; 10:1675-1684. [PMID: 31205523 PMCID: PMC6548011 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy. Immunodeficiency results in the incapability of immunity to eradicate both tumor cells and pathogens. Immunotherapies along with antibiotics and other anti-infectious agents are applied as substitutes for immunity in MM. Immunotherapies including monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoints inhibitors, affinity- enhanced T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells and dendritic cell vaccines are revolutionizing MM treatment. By suppressing the pro-inflammatory milieu and pathogens, prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics represent anti-tumor and anti-infection properties. It is expected that deeper understanding of infection, immunity and tumor physio-pathologies in MM will accelerate the optimization of combined therapies, thus improving prognosis in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linrong Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Funahashi SI, Kawai S, Fujii E, Taniguchi K, Nakano K, Ishikawa S, Aburatani H, Suzuki M. Generation of an anti-desmoglein 3 antibody without pathogenic activity of pemphigus vulgaris for therapeutic application to squamous cell carcinoma. J Biochem 2018; 164:471-481. [PMID: 30239818 PMCID: PMC6267343 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is ideal for the target antigen of a cytotoxic therapeutic antibody against cancer to be cancer-specific, but such antigens are rare. Thus an alternative strategy for target selection is necessary. Desmoglein 3 (DSG3) is highly expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma, while it is well-known that anti-DSG3 antibodies cause pemphigus vulgaris, an autoimmune disease. We evaluated DSG3 as a novel target by selecting an epitope that exerts efficacy against cancer with no pathogenic effects in normal tissues. Pathogenic anti-DSG3 antibodies induce skin blisters by inhibiting the cell–cell interaction in a Ca2+-dependent manner. We screened anti-DSG3 antibodies that bind DGS3 independent of Ca2+ and have high antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against DSG3-expressing cells. These selected antibodies did not inhibit cell–cell interaction and showed ADCC activity against squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, one of the DSG3 antibodies showed anti-tumour activity in tumour mouse models but did not induce adverse effects such as blister formation in the skin. Thus it was possible to generate an antibody against DSG3 by using an appropriate epitope that retained efficacy with no pathogenicity. This approach of epitope selection may expand the variety of druggable target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Funahashi
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeto Kawai
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujii
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Taniguchi
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakano
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Liu L, Jacobsen FW, Everds N, Zhuang Y, Yu YB, Li N, Clark D, Nguyen MP, Fort M, Narayanan P, Kim K, Stevenson R, Narhi L, Gunasekaran K, Bussiere JL. Biological Characterization of a Stable Effector Functionless (SEFL) Monoclonal Antibody Scaffold in Vitro. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1876-1883. [PMID: 27994063 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The stable effector functionLess (SEFL) antibody was designed as an IgG1 antibody with a constant region that lacks the ability to interact with Fcγ receptors. The engineering and stability and pharmacokinetic assessments of the SEFL scaffold is described in the accompanying article (Jacobsen, F. W., Stevenson, R., Li, C., Salimi-Moosavi, H., Liu, L., Wen, J., Luo, Q., Daris, K., Buck, L., Miller, S., Ho, S-Y., Wang, W., Chen, Q., Walker, K., Wypych, J., Narhi, L., and Gunasekaran, K. (2017) J. Biol. Chem 292). The biological properties of these SEFL antibodies were assessed in a variety of human and cynomolgus monkey in vitro assays. Binding of parent molecules and their SEFL variants to human and cynomolgus monkey FcγRs were evaluated using flow cytometry-based binding assays. The SEFL variants tested showed decreased binding affinity to human and cynomolgus FcγRs compared with the wild-type IgG1 antibody. In addition, SEFL variants demonstrated no antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro against Daudi cells with cynomolgus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and had minimal complement-dependent cytotoxicity activity similar to that of the negative control IgG2 in a CD20+ human Raji lymphoma cell line. SEFL mutations eliminated off-target antibody-dependent monocyte phagocytosis of cynomolgus monkey platelets, and cynomolgus platelet activation in vitro These experiments demonstrate that the SEFL modifications successfully eliminated Fc-associated effector binding and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- From the Department of Biologic Optimization, Thousand Oaks, California 91320.
| | | | - Nancy Everds
- Departments of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Yao Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Yan Bin Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Nianyu Li
- Departments of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Darcey Clark
- Departments of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Mai Phuong Nguyen
- Departments of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Madeline Fort
- Departments of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Padma Narayanan
- Departments of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Kei Kim
- Departments of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Riki Stevenson
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Linda Narhi
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Kannan Gunasekaran
- From the Department of Biologic Optimization, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Jeanine L Bussiere
- Departments of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
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Mahauad-Fernandez WD, Okeoma CM. BST-2: at the crossroads of viral pathogenesis and oncogenesis. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BST-2 is a moonlight protein with several protective and deleterious functions. Regulation of virus restriction and tumor aggressiveness are the most studied aspects of BST-2 function and thus, the main focus of this perspective. Virus inhibition roles of BST-2 have therapeutic potential that, if properly harnessed, could result in near broad spectrum antiviral. However, the involvement of BST-2 in cancer calls for additional studies on BST-2 biology and re-evaluation of the overall role of BST-2 in host protection, as it appears that BST-2 has pleiotropic effects in the host. Here, we analyze the antiviral and protumor roles of BST-2. We also discuss potential therapeutic options for BST-2 against viral infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadie D Mahauad-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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6
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Wang L, Jin N, Schmitt A, Greiner J, Malcherek G, Hundemer M, Mani J, Hose D, Raab MS, Ho AD, Chen BA, Goldschmidt H, Schmitt M. T cell-based targeted immunotherapies for patients with multiple myeloma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1751-68. [PMID: 25195787 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologs stem-cell transplantation as well as novel therapeutic agents, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable. Following the general trend towards personalized therapy, targeted immunotherapy as a new approach in the therapy of MM has emerged. Better progression-free survival and overall survival after tandem autologs/allogeneic stem cell transplantation suggest a graft versus myeloma effect strongly supporting the usefulness of immunological therapies for MM patients. How to induce a powerful antimyeloma effect is the key issue in this field. Pivotal is the definition of appropriate tumor antigen targets and effective methods for expansion of T cells with clinical activity. Besides a comprehensive list of tumor antigens for T cell-based approaches, eight promising antigens, CS1, Dickkopf-1, HM1.24, Human telomerase reverse transcriptase, MAGE-A3, New York Esophageal-1, Receptor of hyaluronic acid mediated motility and Wilms' tumor gene 1, are described in detail to provide a background for potential clinical use. Results from both closed and on-going clinical trials are summarized in this review. On the basis of the preclinical and clinical data, we elaborate on three encouraging therapeutic options, vaccine-enhanced donor lymphocyte infusion, chimeric antigen receptors-transfected T cells as well as vaccines with multiple antigen peptides, to pave the way towards clinically significant immune responses against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Targeted therapy for HM1.24 (CD317) on multiple myeloma cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:965384. [PMID: 25143955 PMCID: PMC4124849 DOI: 10.1155/2014/965384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) still remains an incurable disease, at least because of the existence of cell-adhesion mediated drug-resistant MM cells and/or continuous recruitment of presumed MM cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs). As a new alternative treatment modality, immunological approaches using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and/or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are now attracting much attention as a novel strategy attacking MM cells. We have identified that HM1.24 [also known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) or CD317] is overexpressed on not only mature MM cells but also MM CSCs. We then have developed a humanized mAb to HM1.24 and defucosylated version of the mAb to adapt to clinical practice. Moreover, we have successfully induced HM1.24-specific CTLs against MM cells. The combination of these innovative therapeutic modalities may likely exert an anti-MM activity by evading the drug resistance mechanism and eliminating presumed CSCs in MM.
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Harada T, Ozaki S, Oda A, Tsuji D, Ikegame A, Iwasa M, Udaka K, Fujii S, Nakamura S, Miki H, Kagawa K, Kuroda Y, Kawai S, Itoh K, Yamada-Okabe H, Matsumoto T, Abe M. Combination with a defucosylated anti-HM1.24 monoclonal antibody plus lenalidomide induces marked ADCC against myeloma cells and their progenitors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83905. [PMID: 24386306 PMCID: PMC3873421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide (Len) has drawn attention to potentiate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediated immunotherapies. We developed the defucosylated version (YB-AHM) of humanized monoclonal antibody against HM1.24 (CD317) overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. In this study, we evaluated ADCC by YB-AHM and Len in combination against MM cells and their progenitors. YB-AHM was able to selectively kill via ADCC MM cells in bone marrow samples from patients with MM with low effector/target ratios, which was further enhanced by treatment with Len. Interestingly, Len also up-regulated HM1.24 expression on MM cells in an effector-dependent manner. HM1.24 was found to be highly expressed in a drug-resistant clonogenic “side population” in MM cells; and this combinatory treatment successfully reduced SP fractions in RPMI 8226 and KMS-11 cells in the presence of effector cells, and suppressed a clonogenic potential of MM cells in colony-forming assays. Collectively, the present study suggests that YB-AHM and Len in combination may become an effective therapeutic strategy in MM, warranting further study to target drug-resistant MM clonogenic cells.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Lenalidomide
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Side-Population Cells/drug effects
- Side-Population Cells/pathology
- Thalidomide/analogs & derivatives
- Thalidomide/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harada
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akishige Ikegame
- Division of Medical Technology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masami Iwasa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kengo Udaka
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kuroda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, RIRBM, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeto Kawai
- Research Division, Forerunner Pharma Research Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Allegra A, Penna G, Alonci A, Russo S, Greve B, Innao V, Minardi V, Musolino C. Monoclonal antibodies: potential new therapeutic treatment against multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2013; 90:441-68. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppa Penna
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Andrea Alonci
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Sabina Russo
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Bruna Greve
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Viviana Minardi
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
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11
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Immunogenic targets for specific immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:820394. [PMID: 22611422 PMCID: PMC3352660 DOI: 10.1155/2012/820394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease although the prognosis has been improved by novel therapeutics and agents recently. Relapse occurs in the majority of patients and becomes fatal finally. Immunotherapy might be a powerful intervention to maintain a long-lasting control of minimal residual disease or to even eradicate disseminated tumor cells. Several tumor-associated antigens have been identified in patients with multiple myeloma. These antigens are expressed in a tumor-specific or tumor-restricted pattern, are able to elicit immune response, and thus could serve as targets for immunotherapy. This review discusses immunogenic antigens with therapeutic potential for multiple myeloma.
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12
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Zhang P, Haryadi R, Chan KF, Teo G, Goh J, Pereira NA, Feng H, Song Z. Identification of functional elements of the GDP-fucose transporter SLC35C1 using a novel Chinese hamster ovary mutant. Glycobiology 2012; 22:897-911. [PMID: 22492235 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The GDP-fucose transporter SLC35C1 critically regulates the fucosylation of glycans. Elucidation of its structure-function relationships remains a challenge due to the lack of an appropriate mutant cell line. Here we report a novel Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mutant, CHO-gmt5, generated by the zinc-finger nuclease technology, in which the Slc35c1 gene was knocked out from a previously reported CHO mutant that has a dysfunctional CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) gene (Slc35a1). Consequently, CHO-gmt5 harbors double genetic defects in Slc35a1 and Slc35c1 and produces N-glycans deficient in both sialic acid and fucose. The structure-function relationships of SLC35C1 were studied using CHO-gmt5 cells. In contrast to the CST and UDP-galactose transporter, the C-terminal tail of SLC35C1 is not required for its Golgi localization but is essential for generating glycans that are recognized by a fucose-binding lectin, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), suggesting an important role in the transport activity of SLC35C1. Furthermore, we found that this impact can be independently contributed by a cluster of three lysine residues and a Glu-Met (EM) sequence within the C terminus. We also showed that the conserved glycine residues at positions 180 and 277 of SLC35C1 have significant impacts on AAL binding to CHO-gmt5 cells, suggesting that these conserved glycine residues are required for the transport activity of Slc35 proteins. The absence of sialic acid and fucose on Fc N-glycan has been independently shown to enhance the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) effect. By combining these features into one cell line, we postulate that CHO-gmt5 may represent a more advantageous cell line for the production of recombinant antibodies with enhanced ADCC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Zhang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore
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13
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Potent in vitro and in vivo activity of an Fc-engineered humanized anti-HM1.24 antibody against multiple myeloma via augmented effector function. Blood 2012; 119:2074-82. [PMID: 22246035 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-364521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HM1.24, an immunologic target for multiple myeloma (MM) cells, has not been effectively targeted with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, we investigated in vitro and in vivo anti-MM activities of XmAb5592, a humanized anti-HM1.24 mAb with Fc-domain engineered to significantly enhance FcγR binding and associated immune effector functions. XmAb5592 increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) several fold relative to the anti-HM1.24 IgG1 analog against both MM cell lines and primary patient myeloma cells. XmAb5592 also augmented antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells became more activated by XmAb5592 than the IgG1 analog, evidenced by increased cell surface expression of granzyme B-dependent CD107a and MM cell lysis, even in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. XmAb5592 potently inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing human MM xenografts via FcγR-dependent mechanisms, and was significantly more effective than the IgG1 analog. Lenalidomide synergistically enhanced in vitro ADCC against MM cells and in vivo tumor inhibition induced by XmAb5592. A single dose of 20 mg/kg XmAb5592 effectively depleted both blood and bone marrow plasma cells in cynomolgus monkeys. These results support clinical development of XmAb5592, both as a monotherapy and in combination with lenalidomide, to improve patient outcome of MM.
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14
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Ogorek C, Jordan I, Sandig V, von Horsten HH. Fucose-targeted glycoengineering of pharmaceutical cell lines. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 907:507-517. [PMID: 22907371 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-974-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is known to have an impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutic proteins. While the production of pharmaceutically desirable glycosylation forms of a therapeutic protein can in certain cases be influenced by the upstream process parameters, certain specialized glycan structures can only be produced in large quantities from cell lines that have been genetically engineered.One particular case where a specialized glycostructure has a major impact on pharmacodynamic mode of action is the enhanced ADCC-effector function of afucosylated IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies. Here we describe the methodological details of a powerful yet simple glycoengineering approach targeted at the fucosylation machinery within eukaryotic cells. As an example we demonstrate the modification of the permanent avian cell line AGE1.CR.pIX which is characterized by a unique glycosylation machinery.
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15
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Zhang P, Chan KF, Haryadi R, Bardor M, Song Z. CHO glycosylation mutants as potential host cells to produce therapeutic proteins with enhanced efficacy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 131:63-87. [PMID: 23142953 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CHO glycosylation mutants, pioneered by Stanley and co-workers, have proven to be valuable tools in glycobiology and biopharmaceutical research. Here we aim to provide a summary of our efforts to isolate industrially applicable CHO glycosylation mutants, termed CHO-gmt cells, using cytotoxic lectins and zinc-finger nuclease technology. The genetic defects in the glycosylation machinery in these cells lead to the production of recombinant glycoproteins with consistent and unique glycan structures. In addition, these mutant cells can be easily adapted to serum-free medium in suspension cultures, the condition used by the biotech industry for large-scale production of recombinant therapeutics. In light of the critical impact of glycosylation on biopharmaceutical performances, namely, safety and efficacy, the CHO-gmt lines have enormous potential in producing glycoprotein therapeutics with optimal glycosylation profiles, thus, representing a panel of ideal host cell lines for producing recombinant biopharmaceuticals with improved safety profiles and enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore,
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Zhang N, Liu L, Dumitru CD, Cummings NRH, Cukan M, Jiang Y, Li Y, Li F, Mitchell T, Mallem MR, Ou Y, Patel RN, Vo K, Wang H, Burnina I, Choi BK, Huber H, Stadheim TA, Zha D. Glycoengineered Pichia produced anti-HER2 is comparable to trastuzumab in preclinical study. MAbs 2011; 3:289-98. [PMID: 21487242 PMCID: PMC3149709 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.3.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell culture systems are used predominantly for the production of therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) products. A number of alternative platforms, such as Pichia engineered with a humanized N-linked glycosylation pathway, have recently been developed for the production of mAbs. The glycosylation profiles of mAbs produced in glycoengineered Pichia are similar to those of mAbs produced in mammalian systems. This report presents for the first time the comprehensive characterization of an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mAb produced in a glycoengineered Pichia, and a study comparing the anti-HER2 from Pichia, which had an amino acid sequence identical to trastuzumab, with trastuzumab. The comparative study covered a full spectrum of preclinical evaluation, including bioanalytical characterization, in vitro biological functions, in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and pharmacokinetics in both mice and non-human primates. Cell signaling and proliferation assays showed that anti-HER2 from Pichia had antagonist activities comparable to trastuzumab. However, Pichia-produced material showed a 5-fold increase in binding affinity to FcγIIIA and significantly enhanced antibody dependant cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, presumably due to the lack of fucose on N-glycans. In a breast cancer xenograft mouse model, anti-HER2 was comparable to trastuzumab in tumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, comparable pharmacokinetic profiles were observed for anti-HER2 and trastuzumab in both mice and cynomolgus monkeys. We conclude that glycoengineered Pichia provides an alternative production platform for therapeutic mAbs and may be of particular interest for production of antibodies for which ADCC is part of the clinical mechanism of action.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibody Affinity/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Area Under Curve
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Fucose/metabolism
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pichia/genetics
- Pichia/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacokinetics
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Trastuzumab
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyan Zhang
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | - Liming Liu
- Drug Metabolism; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | - Calin Dan Dumitru
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | - Fang Li
- GlycoFi Inc.; Lebanon, NH USA
| | | | | | - Yangsi Ou
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | | | - Kim Vo
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | | | | | - Hans Huber
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | | | - Dongxing Zha
- Drug Metabolism; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
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