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Ferlini Agne G, Somogyi AA, Sykes B, Knych H, Franklin S. Identification and kinetics of microsomal and recombinant equine liver cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for in vitro metabolism of omeprazole. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115635. [PMID: 37285945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In humans, omeprazole is metabolised by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 with differences in CYP2C19 genotypes leading to variable response to therapy. Despite a wide use of omeprazole in horses with evidence of variable therapeutic efficiency, information regarding enzymatic metabolism is not currently available. This study aims to describe the in vitro kinetics of omeprazole metabolism and determine which enzyme(s) are responsible for omeprazole metabolism in horses. Omeprazole (0-800 uM) was incubated with liver microsomes and a panel of equine recombinant CYP450s (eq-rCYP). Metabolite concentrations were quantified by LC-MS and the kinetics of metabolites' formation were calculated by non-linear regression analysis. The in vitro liver microsomes formed three metabolites (5-hydroxy-omeprazole, 5-O-desmethyl-omeprazole and omeprazole-sulfone). The 5-O-desmesthyl-omeprazole formation was best fitted to a two enzyme Michaelis-Menten (MM) model with the high affinity site Clint double that of the low affinity site. For 5-hydroxy-omeprazole the best fit was to a 1 enzyme MM model with a Clint higher than for 5-O-desmesthyl-omeprazole (0.12 vs 0.09 pmol/min/pmol P450). The formation of omeprazole-sulfone was negligible. Recombinant CYP3A89 and CYP3A97 produced substantial amounts of 5-hydroxy-omeprazole (1551.72 ng/mL and 1665.33 ng/mL, respectively), while 5-O-desmethyl-omeprazole and omeprazole-sulfone were formed to a much lesser extent by multiple eq-rCYP from the CYP2C and CYP3A family. In vitro metabolism of omeprazole in horses is different to that in humans, with major metabolites produced by the CYP3A family. The current study provides the basis for further investigations of CYP450 single nucleotide polymorphisms that could affect omeprazole metabolism and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferlini Agne
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Andrew A Somogyi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben Sykes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Massey University, Palmerston North, NZ
| | - Heather Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Franklin
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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Castro-Cuellar G, Cremer J, Queiroz-Williams P, Knych HK, Leise BS. Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular buprenorphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023. [PMID: 36815620 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of intra-articular (IA) administered buprenorphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synovitis. Radiocarpal synovitis was induced in six healthy adult horses with the IA injection of LPS (0.5 ng/joint) on two occasions in a randomized cross-over design. Treatments (IA buprenorphine (IAB) at 5 μg/kg plus intravenous saline; and intravenous buprenorphine (IVB) at 5 μg/kg plus IA saline) were administered 4 h following LPS injection. Concentrations of buprenorphine were assessed in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) at 0.5, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters after IVB and IAB in plasma and synovial fluid were calculated using a nonlinear mixed effects model. IAB was detectable in SF of all horses at 24 h [median concentration of 6.2 (3.46-22.6) ng/mL]. IAB resulted in a median plasma concentration of 0.59 (0.42-1.68) ng/mL at 0.5 h and was detectable in all subjects for up to 6 h and in two horses for up to 12 h. IVB resulted in SF concentrations detected up to 6 h in all horses [median concentration of 0.12 (0.07-0.82) ng/mL]. Results suggest that IA buprenorphine remains present in the inflamed joint for at least 24 h and systemic absorption occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Castro-Cuellar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeannette Cremer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patricia Queiroz-Williams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Heather K Knych
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Britta S Leise
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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3
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Kim KH, Park JW, Yang YM, Song KD, Cho BW. Effect of methylsulfonylmethane on oxidative stress and CYP3A93 expression in fetal horse liver cells. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:312-319. [PMID: 32898949 PMCID: PMC7876717 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stress-induced cytotoxicity caused by xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites induces the production of reactive oxygen species and often results in damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes are most abundant in hepatocytes, where they play key roles in regulating cellular stress responses. We aimed to determine the effects of the antioxidant compound, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), on oxidative stress response, and study the cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A (CYP3A) gene expression in fetal horse hepatocytes. Methods The expression of hepatocyte markers and CYP3A family genes (CYP3A89, CYP3A93, CYP3A94, CYP3A95, CYP3A96, and CYP3A97) were assessed in different organ tissues of the horse and fetal horse liver-derived cells (FHLCs) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To elucidate the antioxidant effects of MSM on FHLCs, cell viability, levels of oxidative markers, and gene expression of CYP3A were investigated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the presence and absence of MSM. Results FHLCs exhibited features of liver cells and simultaneously maintained the typical genetic characteristics of normal liver tissue; however, the expression profiles of some liver markers and CYP3A genes, except that of CYP3A93, were different. The expression of CYP3A93 specifically increased after the addition of H2O2 to the culture medium. MSM treatment reduced oxidative stress as well as the expression of CYP3A93 and heme oxygenase 1, an oxidative marker in FHLCs. Conclusion MSM could reduce oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in FHLCs by altering CYP3A93 expression and related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.,Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Agriculture Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.,Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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Zhang W, Xie HQ, Li Y, Jin T, Li J, Xu L, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Ma D, Hahn ME, Zhao B. Transcriptomic analysis of Anabas testudineus and its defensive mechanisms in response to persistent organic pollutants exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:621-630. [PMID: 30893621 PMCID: PMC6581032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) can tolerate water environments contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The mechanisms underlying this tolerance are unknown. We used de novo transcriptomic analysis to investigate the defensive mechanisms of A. testudineus against POPs based on its genetic features and biological responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure. Our results revealed a specific expansion of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily, which may be involved in the elimination of certain POPs. In xenobiotic responses, the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway represents a critical signaling mechanism, and we characterized four AhR and two AhR nuclear translocator homologs and one AhR repressor (AhRR) gene in A. testudineus. TCDD-induced AhRR and CYP1A mRNA upregulation suggests that negative-feedback regulation of AhR signaling through AhRR helps avoid excessive xenobiotic responses. Furthermore, liver and gill transcriptomic profiles were markedly altered after TCDD exposure, with some of the altered genes being related to common defensive responses reported in other species. Based on the newly identified TCDD-altered genes, several A. testudineus-specific responses are proposed, such as enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation. The genetic features of CYP3A subfamily and AhR pathway and the TCDD-induced defensive biological processes elucidated here enhance our understanding of A. testudineus defensive responses against POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Jin
- China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266510, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Vimercati S, Elli S, Jagannathan V, Pandey AV, Peduto N, Leeb T, Mevissen M. In silico and in vitro analysis of genetic variants of the equine CYP3A94, CYP3A95 and CYP3A97 isoenzymes. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:116-124. [PMID: 31108125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) of the equine CYP3A subfamily are predominantly involved in drug metabolism. In this study, genetic variants of the equine CYP3A94, CYP3A95, and CYP3A97 were identified and characterized using in silico modeling and in vitro enzyme kinetics. The genomes of 81 horses were sequenced to obtain the genetic variants. Structural CYP modifications of the most frequent variants were analyzed in silico using the 3D-structures predicted by homology modeling. Enzyme kinetic analyses were performed using testosterone as substrate. Twenty genetic variants were found including five missense variants (CYP3A94:p.Asp217Asn, CYP3A95:p.Asp214His, CYP3A95:p.Ser392Thr, CYP3A97:p.Ile119Thr, CYP3A97:p.Met500Val) with a higher percentage of minor allele frequency (MAF) (range 0.2-0.4). A splice-site variant (c.798 + 1G > A) in CYP3A94, likely to generate a truncated protein, was found in 50% of the horses. CYP3A94:p.Asp217Asn and CYP3A95:p.Asp214His were localized on the CYP F-α-helix, an important region for the substrate interactions in the human CYP3A4. Testosterone 2β-hydroxylation was diminished in CYP3A94217Asn and CYP3A95392Thr. Ketoconazole inhibited 2β-hydroxylation differently in the five variants with the most pronounced inhibition obtained for CYP3A95392Thr. In vitro and in silico analyses of genetic variants allow unraveling structural features in equine CYPs that correlate with changes in the CYP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vimercati
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - S Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - V Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - A V Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - N Peduto
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - T Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M Mevissen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Leiberich M, Marais HJ, Naidoo V. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) nucleotide sequences of the horse and predicted CYP450s of the white rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum) and other mammalian species. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5718. [PMID: 30324017 PMCID: PMC6183514 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The plight of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and the increasing need of treatment options for injured poaching victims led to the necessity to expand the knowledge on applicable drugs in this endangered species. With very little information available on drug pharmacokinetics in rhino, veterinarians have to rely on information generated from other species. The horse being a closely related species, has served as the model for dose extrapolations. However, from recent research on enrofloxacin and carprofen, the white rhino showed considerable differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of these drugs in comparison to the horse. While the reason for the differences is unknown, a likely cause may be a difference in present cytochrome P450 (CYP450), which may result in the rhino being genetically deficient in certain enzyme families. Methods For this paper we assess the degree of similarity of the CYP genome sequences across the different species, using BLAT (BLAST-like alignment tool) for the alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the equine CYP450 with potential homologous nucleotide sequences of the published database from white rhinos and other mammalian species (cow, pig, dog, sheep, elephant, mouse and human). Results The white rhino nucleotide sequences were 90.74% identical to the equine sequences. This was higher than the degree of similarity between any of the other evaluated species sequences. While no specific CYP family were found to be deficient in the published rhino genome, the horse genome contained additional genetic sequence for a larger number of iso-enzymes that were not present in the rhino. Discussion In pharmacokinetic study, it is well known that absence of a metabolic enzyme will result in constraints in drug metabolism and drug elimination. While this was our speculation, comparison to the horse and other mammalian species indicate that all the described CYP genes required for metabolism are present within the rhino genome. These results leave functional differences in enzyme activity and a lack of isoenzymes as the likely reason for the constraint in drug metabolism. Despite a more than 90% similarity of the equine and rhino gene sequences, seemingly small differences can have major effects on drug metabolism. Thus, in spite of the close anatomical relationship, the rhino should not simply be treated like a big horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Leiberich
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Sandbaumhüter FA, Vimercati S, Thormann W, Mevissen M. Role of the equine CYP3A94, CYP3A95 and CYP3A97 in ketamine metabolism in presence of medetomidine, diazepam and methadone studied by enantioselective capillary electrophoresis. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:242-248. [PMID: 29614330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anesthetic ketamine is often combined with analgesics and benzodiazepines in equine medicine. Therefore, drug-drug interactions are possible. Enzyme kinetics for ketamine N-demethylation were determined using equine CYP3A94, CYP3A95 and CYP3A97, and the effect of medetomidine, diazepam and methadone on the ketamine metabolism was studied in vitro. Ketamine was incubated with the CYPs or equine liver microsomes (ELM) alone or in presence of medetomidine, diazepam and/or methadone for different times. Norketamine levels were determined using enantioselective capillary electrophoresis (CE) with highly sulfated γ-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. The three equine CYPs were demonstrated to be involved in ketamine N-demethylation and the kinetics can be described with the Michaelis-Menten model. Vmax values calculated for CYP3A94 and CYP3A97 were higher than for CYP3A95. The lowest Km value was found for CYP3A94. In contrast to diazepam and methadone, the α2-recepor agonist medetomidine diminished the norketamine formation significantly in CYP3A94 and CYP3A97. In ELM, increasing concentrations of diazepam inhibited the norketamine formation. Despite the differences in ketamine N-demethylation in combination with diazepam and methadone, the effect is unlikely to be of clinical relevance because ketamine and the other drugs do not have a small therapeutic margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike A Sandbaumhüter
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Sara Vimercati
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
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Vimercati S, Büchi M, Zielinski J, Peduto N, Mevissen M. Testosterone metabolism of equine single CYPs of the 3A subfamily compared to the human CYP3A4. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 41:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Hayami A, Mizukawa H, Darwish WS, Watanabe KP, Kawai YK, Ishizuka M. Characterization of equine cytochrome P450: role of CYP3A in the metabolism of diazepam. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:478-87. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. M. Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
| | - Y. Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
- Water Research Group; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management; North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - A. Hayami
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
| | - H. Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
| | - W. S. Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
- Food Control Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - K. P. Watanabe
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
| | - Y. K. Kawai
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
| | - M. Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
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Berlin S, Spieckermann L, Oswald S, Keiser M, Lumpe S, Ullrich A, Grube M, Hasan M, Venner M, Siegmund W. Pharmacokinetics and Pulmonary Distribution of Clarithromycin and Rifampicin after Concomitant and Consecutive Administration in Foals. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1089-99. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Berlin
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport
(C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Oswald
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport
(C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Keiser
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport
(C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Anett Ullrich
- PRIMACYT Cell Culture Technology GmbH, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Markus Grube
- Department
of General Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Hasan
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport
(C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Zielinski J, Mevissen M. Inhibition of in vitro metabolism of testosterone in human, dog and horse liver microsomes to investigate species differences. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:468-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Heterologous expression of equine CYP3A94 and investigation of a tunable system to regulate co-expressed NADPH P450 oxidoreductase levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113540. [PMID: 25415624 PMCID: PMC4240602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes depends on the enzyme NADPH P450 oxidoreductase (POR). The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the equine CYP3A94 using a system that allows to regulate the POR protein levels in mammalian cells. CYP3A94 and the equine POR were heterologously expressed in V79 cells. In the system used, the POR protein regulation is based on a destabilizing domain (DD) that transfers its instability to a fused protein. The resulting fusion protein is therefore degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Addition of “Shield-1” prevents the DD fusion protein from degradation. The change of POR levels at different Shield-1 concentrations was demonstrated by cytochrome c reduction, Western immunoblot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. The alteration of CYP3A94 activity was investigated using a substrate (BFC) known to detect CYP3A4 activity. Equine CYP3A94 was demonstrated to be metabolically active and its activity could be significantly elevated by co-expression of POR. Cytochrome c reduction was significantly increased in V79-CYP3A94/DD-POR cells compared to V79-CYP3A94 cells. Surprisingly, incubation with different Shield-1 concentrations resulted in a decrease in POR protein shown by Western immunoblot analysis. Cytochrome c reduction did not change significantly, but the CYP3A94 activity decreased more than 4-fold after incubation with 500 nM and 1 µM Shield-1 for 24 hours. No differences were obtained when V79-CYP3A94 POR cells with and without Shield-1 were compared. The basal activity levels of V79-CYP3A94/DD-POR cells were unexpectedly high, indicating that DD/POR is not degraded without Shield-1. Shield-1 decreased POR protein levels and CYP3A94 activity suggesting that Shield-1 might impair POR activity by an unknown mechanism. Although regulation of POR with the pPTuner system could not be obtained, the cell line V79-CYP3A94/DD-POR system can be used for further experiments to characterize the equine CYP3A94 since the CYP activity was significantly enhanced with co-expressed POR.
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13
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Schmitz A, Zielinski J, Dick B, Mevissen M. In vitro
metabolism of testosterone in the horse liver and involvement of equine CYPs 3A89, 3A94 and 3A95. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:338-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schmitz
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - J. Zielinski
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - B. Dick
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology; Inselspital; Bern Switzerland
| | - M. Mevissen
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Hendrickson SL. A genome wide study of genetic adaptation to high altitude in feral Andean Horses of the páramo. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:273. [PMID: 24344830 PMCID: PMC3878729 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Life at high altitude results in physiological and metabolic challenges that put strong evolutionary pressure on performance due to oxidative stress, UV radiation and other factors dependent on the natural history of the species. To look for genes involved in altitude adaptation in a large herbivore, this study explored genome differentiation between a feral population of Andean horses introduced by the Spanish in the 1500s to the high Andes and their Iberian breed relatives. Results Using allelic genetic models and Fst analyses of ~50 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the horse genome, 131 candidate genes for altitude adaptation were revealed (Bonferoni of p ≤ 2 × 10–7). Significant signals included the EPAS1 in the hypoxia-induction-pathway (HIF) that was previously discovered in human studies (p = 9.27 × 10-8); validating the approach and emphasizing the importance of this gene to hypoxia adaptation. Strong signals in the cytochrome P450 3A gene family (p = 1.5 ×10-8) indicate that other factors, such as highly endemic vegetation in altitude environments are also important in adaptation. Signals in tenuerin 2 (TENM2, p = 7.9 × 10-14) along with several other genes in the nervous system (gene categories representation p = 5.1 × 10-5) indicate the nervous system is important in altitude adaptation. Conclusions In this study of a large introduced herbivore, it becomes apparent that some gene pathways, such as the HIF pathway are universally important for high altitude adaptation in mammals, but several others may be selected upon based on the natural history of a species and the unique ecology of the altitude environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher L Hendrickson
- Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown WV 25443, USA.
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Peters L, Demmel S, Pusch G, Buters J, Thormann W, Zielinski J, Leeb T, Mevissen M, Schmitz A. Equine cytochrome P450 2B6 — Genomic identification, expression and functional characterization with ketamine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tydén E, Löfgren M, Hakhverdyan M, Tjälve H, Larsson P. The genes of all seven CYP3A isoenzymes identified in the equine genome are expressed in the airways of horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:370-5. [PMID: 22966936 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the gene expression of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoenzymes in the tracheal and bronchial mucosa and in the lung of equines using TaqMan probes. The results show that all seven CYP3A isoforms identified in the equine genome, that is, CYP3A89, CYP3A93, CYP3A94, CYP3A95, CYP3A96, CYP3A97 and CYP3A129, are expressed in the airways of the investigated horses. Though in previous studies, CYP3A129 was found to be absent in equine intestinal mucosa and liver, this CYP3A isoform is expressed in the airways of horses. The gene expression of the CYP3A isoenzymes varied considerably between the individual horses studied. However, in most of the horses CYP3A89, CYP3A93, CYP3A96, CYP3A97 and CYP3A129 were expressed to a high extent, while CYP3A94 and CYP3A95 were expressed to a low extent in the different parts of the airways. The CYP3A isoenzymes present in the airways may play a role in the metabolic degradation of inhaled xenobiotics. In some instances, the metabolism may, however, result in bioactivation of the xenobiotics and subsequent tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tydén
- Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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TYDÉN E, LÖFGREN M, PEGOLO S, CAPOLONGO F, TJÄLVE H, LARSSON P. Differential gene expression of CYP3A isoforms in equine liver and intestines. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:588-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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