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Park JW, Kim KH, Kim S, So JR, Cho BW, Song KD. Comparative metabolomic analysis in horses and functional analysis of
branched chain (alpha) keto acid dehydrogenase complex in equine myoblasts under
exercise stress. J Anim Sci Technol 2022; 64:800-811. [PMID: 35969708 PMCID: PMC9353351 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics may elucidate the correlation
between the genotypic and phenotypic patterns in organisms. In equine
physiology, various metabolite levels vary during exercise, which may be
correlated with a modified gene expression pattern of related genes. Integrated
metabolomic and transcriptomic studies in horses have not been conducted to
date. The objective of this study was to detect the effect of moderate exercise
on the metabolomic and transcriptomic levels in horses. In this study, using
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we analyzed the concentrations of
metabolites in muscle and plasma; we also determined the gene expression
patterns of branched chain (alpha) keto acid dehydrogenase kinase complex
(BCKDK), which encodes the key regulatory enzymes in
branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, in two breeds of horses,
Thoroughbred and Jeju, at different time intervals. The concentrations of
metabolites in muscle and plasma were measured by 1H NMR (nuclear
magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, and the relative metabolite levels before and
after exercise in the two samples were compared. Subsequently, multivariate data
analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial
least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and variable important plots and
t-test were used for basic statistical analysis. The
stress-induced expression patterns of BCKDK genes in horse
muscle-derived cells were examined using quantitative reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to gain insight into the role of transcript in
response to exercise stress. In this study, we found higher concentrations of
aspartate, leucine, isoleucine, and lysine in the skeletal muscle of Jeju horses
than in Thoroughbred horses. In plasma, compared with Jeju horses, Thoroughbred
horses had higher levels of alanine and methionine before exercise; whereas
post-exercise, lysine levels were increased. Gene expression analysis revealed a
decreased expression level of BCKDK in the post-exercise period
in Thoroughbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, SangJu 37224,
Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of
Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National
University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Sujung Kim
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding
Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jae-rung So
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of
Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National
University, Miryang 50463, Korea
- Corresponding author: Byung-Wook Cho,
Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,
Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea. Tel: +82-55-350-5515, E-mail:
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding
Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Ki-Duk Song,
Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University,
Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: +82-63-219-5523, E-mail:
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Cho BW, Choi JH. Gastrointestinal: A rare cause of polyarthritis and subcutaneous nodule. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:848. [PMID: 33300199 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B W Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - J-H Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
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Park JW, Kim KH, Choi JK, Park TS, Song KD, Cho BW. Regulation of Toll-like receptors Expression in Muscle cells by Exercise-induced Stress. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park JW, Kim KH, Choi JK, Park TS, Song KD, Cho BW. Regulation of Toll-like receptors Expression in Muscle cells by Exercise-induced Stress. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 34:1590-1599. [PMID: 33332945 PMCID: PMC8495349 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the expression patterns of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular mediators in horse muscle cells after exercise, and the relationship between TLRS expression in stressed horse muscle cells and immune cell migration toward them. Methods The expression patterns of the TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR8) and downstream signaling pathway-related genes (myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MYD88]; activating transcription factor 3 [ATF3]) are examined in horse tissues, and horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and muscles in response to exercise, using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of chemokine receptor genes, i.e., C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), are studied in PBMCs and PMNs. A horse muscle cell line is developed by transfecting SV-T antigen into fetal muscle cells, followed by examination of muscle-specific genes. Horse muscle cells are treated with stressors, i.e., cortisol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and heat, to mimic stress conditions in vitro, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR8 are examined in stressed muscle cells, in addition to migration activity of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Results The qPCR revealed that TLR4 message was expressed in cerebrum, cerebellum, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, and muscle, whereas TLR8 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney, while TLR2 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney. Expressions of TLRs, i.e., TLR4 and TLR8, and mediators, i.e., MYD88 and ATF3, were upregulated in muscle, PBMCs and PMNs in response to exercise. Expressions of CXCR2 and CCR5 were also upregulated in PBMCs and PMNs after exercise. In the muscle cell line, TLR4 and TLR8 expressions were upregulated when cells were treated with stressors such as cortisol, H2O2, and heat. Migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells was increased by exercise and oxidative stresses, and combinations of these. Treatment with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), an antioxidant on stressed muscle cells, reduced migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Conclusion In this study, we have successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells, isolated horse PBMCs, and established an in vitro system for studying stress-related gene expressions and function. Expression of TLR4, TLR8, CXCR2, and CCR5 in horse muscle cells was higher in response to stressors such as cortisol, H2O2, and heat, or combinations of these. In addition, migration of PBMCs toward muscle cells was increased when muscle cells were under stress, but inhibition of reactive oxygen species by MSM modulated migratory activity of PBMCs to stressed muscle cells. Further study is necessary to investigate the biological function(s) of the TLR gene family in horse muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Kook Choi
- Division of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National Univ., City of Cheong-Ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
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Kim KH, Park TS, Cho BW, Kim TM. Nanoparticles from Equine Fetal Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Enhance the Survival of Injured Chondrocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101723. [PMID: 32977476 PMCID: PMC7598183 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reports on the potential of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating equine degenerative joint diseases have been increasing over the past few years, in spite of limitations such as uncontrolled differentiation, immunogenicity, and tumorigenicity. We elucidated an allogenic alternative, where equine bone marrow-derived cells (BMC)-derived nanoparticles (BMC-NPs) can be used to promote the growth of chondrocytes, and simultaneously reduce their cytokine-induced apoptosis. The role of BMC-NPs in activation of signaling pathway molecules was also established. Abstract Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can play a restorative role against degenerative joint diseases in horses. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fetal bone marrow-derived cells (BMC)-derived nanoparticles (BMC-NPs) can stimulate the survival of equine chondrocytes. Equine fetal BMCs were isolated and characterized, and the role of BMC-NPs s in equine chondrocytes undergoing inflammatory cell death was examined. BMCs have several characteristics, such as the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes and osteocytes. Additionally, BMCs expressed immunoregulatory genes in response to treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). We found that BMC-NPs were taken up by equine chondrocytes. Functionally, BMC-NPs promoted the growth of chondrocytes, and reduced apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we observed that BMC-NPs upregulated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) in the presence of IL-1β, and reduced the phosphorylation of TNF-α-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the chondrocytes. Cumulatively, our study demonstrated that equine fetal BMC-NPs have the potential to stimulate the survival of chondrocytes damaged by inflammatory cytokines. Thus, BMC-NPs may become an alternative cell-free allogenic therapeutic for degenerative joint diseases in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea; (K.H.K.); (T.S.P.)
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea; (K.H.K.); (T.S.P.)
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Samnangin-ro 1268-50, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Korea;
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea; (K.H.K.); (T.S.P.)
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-339-5896
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Kim KH, Park JW, Yang YM, Song KD, Cho BW. Effect of methylsulfonylmethane on oxidative stress and CYP3A93 expression in fetal horse liver cells. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:312-319. [PMID: 32898949 PMCID: PMC7876717 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stress-induced cytotoxicity caused by xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites induces the production of reactive oxygen species and often results in damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes are most abundant in hepatocytes, where they play key roles in regulating cellular stress responses. We aimed to determine the effects of the antioxidant compound, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), on oxidative stress response, and study the cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A (CYP3A) gene expression in fetal horse hepatocytes. Methods The expression of hepatocyte markers and CYP3A family genes (CYP3A89, CYP3A93, CYP3A94, CYP3A95, CYP3A96, and CYP3A97) were assessed in different organ tissues of the horse and fetal horse liver-derived cells (FHLCs) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To elucidate the antioxidant effects of MSM on FHLCs, cell viability, levels of oxidative markers, and gene expression of CYP3A were investigated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the presence and absence of MSM. Results FHLCs exhibited features of liver cells and simultaneously maintained the typical genetic characteristics of normal liver tissue; however, the expression profiles of some liver markers and CYP3A genes, except that of CYP3A93, were different. The expression of CYP3A93 specifically increased after the addition of H2O2 to the culture medium. MSM treatment reduced oxidative stress as well as the expression of CYP3A93 and heme oxygenase 1, an oxidative marker in FHLCs. Conclusion MSM could reduce oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in FHLCs by altering CYP3A93 expression and related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.,Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Agriculture Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.,Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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Kim DH, Lee HG, Sp N, Kang DY, Jang KJ, Lee HK, Cho BW, Yang YM. Validation of exercise-response genes in skeletal muscle cells of Thoroughbred racing horses. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 34:134-142. [PMID: 31011008 PMCID: PMC7888507 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To understand the athletic characteristics of Thoroughbreds, high-throughput analysis has been conducted using horse muscle tissue. However, an in vitro system has been lacking for studying and validating genes from in silico data. The aim of this study is to validate genes from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of our previous RNA-sequencing data in vitro. Also, we investigated the effects of exercise-induced stress including heat, oxidative, hypoxic and cortisol stress on horse skeletal muscle derived cells with the top six upregulated genes of DEGs. Methods Enriched pathway analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tool with upregulated genes in horse skeletal muscle tissue after exercise. Among the candidates, the top six genes were analysed through geneMANIA to investigate gene networks. Muscle cells derived from neonatal horse skeletal tissue were maintained and subjected to exercise-related stressors. Transcriptional changes in the top six genes followed by stressors were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The inflammation response pathway was the most commonly upregulated pathway after horse exercise. Under non-cytotoxic conditions of exercise-related stressors, the transcriptional response of the top six genes was different among types of stress. Oxidative stress yielded the most similar expression pattern to DEGs. Conclusion Our results indicate that transcriptional change after horse exercise in skeletal muscle tissue strongly relates to stress response. The qRT-PCR results showed that stressors contribute differently to the transcriptional regulation. These results would be valuable information to understand horse exercise in the stress aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doh Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Hak Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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Sp N, Kang DY, Kim DH, Lee HG, Park YM, Kim IH, Lee HK, Cho BW, Jang KJ, Yang YM. Methylsulfonylmethane inhibits cortisol-induced stress through p53-mediated SDHA/HPRT1 expression in racehorse skeletal muscle cells: A primary step against exercise stress. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:214-222. [PMID: 31853292 PMCID: PMC6909739 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is a hormone involved in stress during exercise. The application of natural compounds is a new potential approach for controlling cortisol-induced stress. Tumour suppressor protein p53 is activated during cellular stress. Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1) are considered to be two of the most stable reference genes when measuring stress during exercise in horses. In the present study cells were considered to be in a 'stressed state' if the levels of these stable genes and the highly stress responsive gene p53 were altered. It was hypothesized that a natural organic sulphur-containing compound, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), could inhibit cortisol-induced stress in racing horse skeletal muscle cells by regulating SDHA, HPRT1 and p53 expression. After assessing cell viability using MTT assays, 20 µg/ml cortisol and 50 mM MSM were applied to horse skeletal muscle cell cultures. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated increases in SDHA, HPRT1 and p53 expression in cells in response to cortisol treatment, which was inhibited or normalized by MSM treatment. To determine the relationship between p53 and SDHA/HPRT1 expression at a transcriptional level, horse gene sequences of SDHA and HPRT1 were probed to identify novel binding sites for p53 in the gene promoters, which were confirmed using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The relationship between p53 and SDHA/HPRT1 expression was confirmed using western blot analysis following the application of pifithrin-α, a p53 inhibitor. These results suggested that MSM is a potential candidate drug for the inhibition of cortisol-induced stress in racehorse skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Kim
- Nara Biotech Co., Ltd., Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54852, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
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Khummuang S, Lee HG, Joo SS, Park JW, Choi JY, Oh JH, Kim KH, Youn HH, Kim M, Cho BW. Comparison for immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses after exercise. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019; 33:424-435. [PMID: 31480163 PMCID: PMC7054627 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to investigate variations in the immunophysiological responses to exercise-induced stress in Jeju and Thoroughbred horses. METHODS Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of adult Jeju (n = 5) and Thoroughbred (n = 5) horses before and after 30 min of exercise. The hematological, biochemical, and immunological profiles of the blood samples were analyzed. Blood smears were stained and observed under a microscope. The concentration of cell-free (cf) DNA in the plasma was determined using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells were separated using Polymorphprep, and the expression of various stress-related and chemokine receptor genes was measured using reverse transcriptase (RT) and real-time PCR. RESULTS After exercise, Jeju and Thoroughbred horses displayed stress responses with significantly increased rectal temperatures, cortisol levels, and muscle catabolism-associated metabolites. Red blood cell indices were significantly higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. In addition, exercise-induced stress triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reduced platelet counts in Jeju horses but not in Thoroughbred horses. Heat shock protein 72 and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 6 expression is rapidly modulated in response to exercise-induced stress in the PBMCs of Jeju horses. The expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 in PBMCs was higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. CONCLUSION In summary, the different immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses explain the differences in the physiological and anatomical properties of the two breeds. The physiology of Thoroughbred horses makes them suitable for racing as they are less sensitive to exercise-induced stress compared to that of Jeju horses. This study provides a basis for investigating the link between exercise-induced stresses and the physiological alteration of horses. Hence, our findings show that some of assessed parameters could be used to determine the endurance performance of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saichit Khummuang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jin Hyeog Oh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Youn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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Lee HG, Khummuang S, Youn HH, Park JW, Choi JY, Shin TS, Cho SK, Kim BW, Seo J, Kim M, Park TS, Cho BW. The effect of heat stress on frame switch splicing of X-box binding protein 1 gene in horse. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019; 32:1095-1103. [PMID: 30744354 PMCID: PMC6599951 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Among stress responses, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is a well-known mechanism related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress is induced by a variety of external and environmental factors such as starvation, ischemia, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and heat stress. Inositol requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)-X-box protein 1 (XBP1) is the most conserved pathway involved in the UPR and is the main component that mediates IRE1α signalling to downstream ER-associated degradation (ERAD)- or UPR-related genes. XBP1 is a transcription factor synthesised via a novel mechanism called ‘frame switch splicing’, and this process has not yet been studied in the horse XBP1 gene. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm the frame switch splicing of horse XBP1 and characterise its dynamics using Thoroughbred muscle cells exposed to heat stress. Methods Primary horse muscle cells were used to investigate heat stress-induced frame switch splicing of horse XBP1. Frame switch splicing was confirmed by sequencing analysis. XBP1 amino acid sequences and promoter sequences of various species were aligned to confirm the sequence homology and to find conserved cis-acting elements, respectively. The expression of the potential XBP1 downstream genes were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results We confirmed that splicing of horse XBP1 mRNA was affected by the duration of thermal stress. Twenty-six nucleotides in the mRNA of XBP1 were deleted after heat stress. The protein sequence and the cis-regulatory elements on the promoter of horse XBP1 are highly conserved among the mammals. Induction of putative downstream genes of horse XBP1 was dependent on the duration of heat stress. We confirmed that both the mechanisms of XBP1 frame switch splicing and various binding elements found in downstream gene promoters are highly evolutionarily conserved. Conclusion The frame switch splicing of horse XBP1 and its dynamics were highly conserved among species. These results facilitate studies of ER-stress in horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Saichit Khummuang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Youn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Teak-Soon Shin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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11
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Lee HG, Choi JY, Park JW, Park TS, Song KD, Shin D, Cho BW. Effects of exercise on myokine gene expression in horse skeletal muscles. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:350-356. [PMID: 30208686 PMCID: PMC6409466 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the regulatory effects of exercise on myokine expression in horse skeletal muscle cells, we compared the expression of several myokine genes (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 2 [CXCL2], and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4 [CCL4]) after a single bout of exercise in horses. Furthermore, to establish in vitro systems for the validation of exercise effects, we cultured horse skeletal muscle cells and confirmed the expression of these genes after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Methods The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, CXCL2, and CCL4 after exercise in skeletal muscle tissue was confirmed using quantitative-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). We then extracted horse muscle cells from the skeletal muscle tissue of a neonatal Thoroughbred. Myokine expression after hydrogen peroxide treatments was confirmed using qRT-PCR in horse skeletal muscle cells. Results IL-6, IL-8, CXCL2, and CCL4 expression in Thoroughbred and Jeju horse skeletal muscles significantly increased after exercise. We stably maintained horse skeletal muscle cells in culture and confirmed the expression of the myogenic marker, myoblast determination protein (MyoD). Moreover, myokine expression was validated using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated horse skeletal muscle cells. The patterns of myokine expression in muscle cells were found to be similar to those observed in skeletal muscle tissue. Conclusion We confirmed that several myokines involved in inflammation were induced by exercise in horse skeletal muscle tissue. In addition, we successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells and established an in vitro system to validate associated gene expression and function. This study will provide a valuable system for studying the function of exercise-related genes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National, University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National, University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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12
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Park T, Seo S, Shin T, Cho BW, Cho S, Kim B, Lee S, Ha JK, Seo J. Molecular cloning, purification, expression, and characterization of β-1, 4-endoglucanase gene ( Cel5A) from Eubacterium cellulosolvens sp. isolated from Holstein steers' rumen. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 31:607-615. [PMID: 28920412 PMCID: PMC5838334 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to isolate the cellulolytic microorganism from the rumen of Holstein steers and characterize endoglucanase gene (Cel5A) from the isolated microorganism. Methods To isolate anaerobic microbes having endoglucanase, rumen fluid was obtained from Holstein steers fed roughage diet. The isolated anaerobic bacteria had 98% similarity with Eubacterium cellulosolvens (E. cellulosolvens) Ce2 (Accession number: AB163733). The Cel5A from isolated E. cellulolsovens sp. was cloned using the published genome sequence and expressed through the Escherichia coli BL21. Results The maximum activity of recombinant Cel5A (rCel5A) was observed at 50°C and pH 4.0. The enzyme was constant at the temperature range of 20°C to 40°C but also, at the pH range of 3 to 9. The metal ions including Ca2+, K+, Ni2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ increased the endoglucanase activity but the addition of Mn2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ decreased. The Km and Vmax value of rCel5A were 14.05 mg/mL and 45.66 μmol/min/mg. Turnover number, Kcat and catalytic efficiency, Kcat/Km values of rCel5A was 96.69 (s−1) and 6.88 (mL/mg/s), respectively. Conclusion Our results indicated that rCel5A of E. cellulosolvens isolated from Holstein steers had a broad pH range with high stability under various conditions, which might be one of the beneficial characteristics of this enzyme for possible industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansol Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Seongwon Seo
- Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Teaksoon Shin
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Seongkeun Cho
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Kim
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Seyoung Lee
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Yonam College, Cheonan, 31005, Korea
| | - Jong K Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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13
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Choi JY, Jang HJ, Park JW, Oh JD, Shin D, Kim NY, Oh JH, Song KD, Cho BW. Characterization of gene expression and genetic variation of horse ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 in Thoroughbreds. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 31:309-315. [PMID: 28920408 PMCID: PMC5838335 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to test the expression patterns of ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1) before and after exercise and the association of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of horse ERRFI1 with racing traits in Thoroughbreds. Methods We performed bioinformatics and gene expression analyses for horse ERRFI1. Transcription factor (TF) binding sites in the 5′-regulatory region of this gene were identified through a tool for prediction of TF-binding site (PROMO). A general linear model was used to detect the association between the nsSNP (LOC42830758 A to G) and race performance. Results Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that expression level of ERRFI1 after exercise was 1.6 times higher than that before exercise. Ten transcription factors were predicted from the ERRFI1 regulatory region. A novel nsSNP (LOC42830758 A to G) was found in ERRFI1, which was associated with three racing traits including average prize money, average racing index, and 3-year-old starts percentile ranking. Conclusion Our analysis will be helpful as a basis for studying genes and SNPs that affect race performance in racehorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jae-Don Oh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Nam Young Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63242, Korea
| | - Jin Hyeog Oh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.,The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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14
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Park JW, Song KD, Kim NY, Choi JY, Hong SA, Oh JH, Kim SW, Lee JH, Park TS, Kim JK, Kim JG, Cho BW. Molecular analysis of alternative transcripts of equine AXL receptor tyrosine kinase gene. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 30:1471-1477. [PMID: 28854781 PMCID: PMC5582333 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since athletic performance is a most importance trait in horses, most research focused on physiological and physical studies of horse athletic abilities. In contrast, the molecular analysis as well as the regulatory pathway studies remain insufficient for evaluation and prediction of horse athletic abilities. In our previous study, we identified AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) gene which was expressed as alternative spliced isoforms in skeletal muscle during exercise. In the present study, we validated two AXL alternative splicing transcripts (named as AXLa for long form and AXLb for short form) in equine skeletal muscle to gain insight(s) into the role of each alternative transcript during exercise. METHODS We validated two isoforms of AXL transcripts in horse tissues by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and then cloned the transcripts to confirm the alternative locus and its sequences. Additionally, we examined the expression patterns of AXLa and AXLb transcripts in horse tissues by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Both of AXLa and AXLb transcripts were expressed in horse skeletal muscle and the expression levels were significantly increased after exercise. The sequencing analysis showed that there was an alternative splicing event at exon 11 between AXLa and AXLb transcripts. 3-dimentional (3D) prediction of the alternative protein structures revealed that the structural distance of the connective region between fibronectin type 3 (FN3) and immunoglobin (Ig) domain was different between two alternative isoforms. CONCLUSION It is assumed that the expression patterns of AXLa and AXLb transcripts would be involved in regulation of exercise-induced stress in horse muscle possibly through an NF-κB signaling pathway. Further study is necessary to uncover biological function(s) and significance of the alternative splicing isoforms in race horse skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National, University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Nam Young Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63242, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Seul A Hong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jin Hyeog Oh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Jong Geun Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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15
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Jang HJ, Kim DM, Kim KB, Park JW, Choi JY, Oh JH, Song KD, Kim S, Cho BW. Analysis of metabolomic patterns in thoroughbreds before and after exercise. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 30:1633-1642. [PMID: 28728374 PMCID: PMC5666199 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluation of exercise effects in racehorses is important in horseracing industry and animal health care. In this study, we compared metabolic patterns between before and after exercise to screen metabolic biomarkers for exercise effects in thoroughbreds. Methods The concentration of metabolites in muscle, plasma, and urine was measured by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and the relative metabolite levels in the three samples were compared between before and after exercise. Subsequently, multivariate data analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable important plots and t-test was used for basic statistical analysis. Results From 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis, 35, 25, and 34 metabolites were detected in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Aspartate, betaine, choline, cysteine, ethanol, and threonine were increased over 2-fold in the muscle; propionate and trimethylamine were increased over 2-fold in the plasma; and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were increased over 2-fold whereas acetoacetate, arginine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, glutarate, hippurate, lysine, methionine, phenylacetylglycine, taurine, trigonelline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide were decreased below 0.5-fold in the urine. The OPLS-DA showed clear separation of the metabolic patterns before and after exercise in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Statistical analysis showed that after exercise, acetoacetate, arginine, glutamine, hippurate, phenylacetylglycine trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and trigonelline were significantly decreased and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were significantly increased in the urine (p<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, we analyzed integrated metabolic patterns in the muscle, plasma, and urine before and after exercise in racehorses. We found changed patterns of metabolites in the muscle, plasma, and urine of racehorses before and after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Duk-Moon Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jin Hyeog Oh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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16
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Park JW, Choi JY, Hong SA, Kim NY, Do KT, Song KD, Cho BW. Exercise induced upregulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene expression in Thoroughbred horses. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 30:728-735. [PMID: 28111441 PMCID: PMC5411833 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to reveal the molecular structure and expression patterns of horse glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) genes whose products form glutamate cysteine ligase, which were identified as differentially expressed genes in the previous study. METHODS We performed bioinformatics analyses, and gene expression assay with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for horse GCLC and GCLM genes in muscle and blood leukocytes of Thoroughbred horses. RESULTS Expression of GCLC showed the same pattern in both blood and muscle tissues after exercise. Expression of GCLC increased in the muscle and blood of Thoroughbreds, suggesting a tissue-specific regulatory mechanism for the expression of GCLC. In addition, expression of the GCLM gene increased after exercise in both the blood and muscle of Thoroughbreds. CONCLUSION We established the expression patterns of GCLC and GCLM in the skeletal muscle and blood of Thoroughbred horses in response to exercise. Further study is now warranted to uncover the functional importance of these genes in exercise and recovery in racehorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Seul A Hong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Nam Young Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63242, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tag Do
- Department of Animal Biotehnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National, University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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17
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Yoo JG, Kim BW, Park MR, Kwon DN, Choi YJ, Shin TS, Cho BW, Seo J, Kim JH, Cho SK. Influences of somatic donor cell sex on in vitro and in vivo embryo development following somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:585-592. [PMID: 27764913 PMCID: PMC5394846 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study investigates pre- and post-implantation developmental competence of nuclear-transferred porcine embryos derived from male and female fetal fibroblasts. Methods Male and female fetal fibroblasts were transferred to in vitro-matured enucleated oocytes and in vitro and in vivo developmental competence of reconstructed embryos was investigated. And, a total of 6,789 female fibroblast nuclear-transferred embryos were surgically transferred into 41 surrogate gilts and 4,746 male fibroblast nuclear-transferred embryos were surgically transferred into 25 surrogate gilts. Results The competence to develop into blastocysts was not significantly different between the sexes. The mean cell number of female and male cloned blastocysts obtained by in vivo culture (143.8±10.5 to 159.2±14.8) was higher than that of in vitro culture of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) groups (31.4±8.3 to 33.4±11.1). After embryo transfer, 5 pregnant gilts from each treatment delivered 15 female and 22 male piglets. The average birth weight of the cloned piglets, gestation length, and the postnatal survival rates were not significantly different (p<0.05) between sexes. Conclusion The present study found that the sex difference of the nuclear donor does not affect the developmental rate of porcine SCNT embryos. Furthermore, postnatal survivability of the cloned piglets was not affected by the sex of the donor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Yoo
- Animal Diseases and Biosecurity Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Mi-Rung Park
- Animal Diseases and Biosecurity Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, KonKuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, KonKuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Teak-Soon Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, KonKuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
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18
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Do KT, Cho HW, Badrinath N, Park JW, Choi JY, Chung YH, Lee HK, Song KD, Cho BW. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Creatine Kinase Muscle (CK-M) Gene in Horse. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1680-5. [PMID: 26580434 PMCID: PMC4647075 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient days, domestic horses have been closely associated with human civilization. Today, horse racing is an important industry. Various genes involved in energy production and muscle contraction are differentially regulated during a race. Among them, creatine kinase (CK) is well known for its regulation of energy preservation in animal cells. CK is an iso-enzyme, encoded by different genes and expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and leucocytes. We confirmed that the expression of CK-M significantly increased in the blood after a 30 minute exercise period, while no considerable change was observed in skeletal muscle. Analysis of various tissues showed an ubiquitous expression of the CK-M gene in the horse; CK-M mRNA expression was predominant in the skeletal muscle and the cardiac muscle compared to other tissues. An evolutionary study by synonymous and non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism ratio of CK-M gene revealed a positive selection that was conserved in the horse. More studies are warranted in order to develop the expression of CK-M gene as a biomarker in blood of thoroughbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Tak Do
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea ; Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
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Cho HW, Shin S, Park JW, Choi JY, Kim NY, Lee WK, Lee HK, Song KD, Cho BW. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ) Gene before and after Exercise in Horse. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:697-702. [PMID: 25924962 PMCID: PMC4413001 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While athletic abilities such as speed, endurance and recovery are important in the horse, genes related to these abilities have not been extensively investigated. Here, we characterized the horse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) gene and analyzed the expression of PPARδ during exercise. PPARδ is a known regulator of β-oxidation, muscle fiber transformation, and running endurance. Through evolutionary analysis using the synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratio, it was revealed that positive selection occurred in the horse PPARδ gene. Two important domains related to nuclear hormone receptors, C4 zinc finger and ligand binding domain, were also found to be conserved well in horse PPARδ. Horse PPARδ was expressed ubiquitously in many tissues, but the expression level was various depending on the tissues. In the skeletal muscle, PPARδ increased about 2.5 folds after 30 min of exercise. Unlike in muscle, the increase of PPARδ expression was observed at 60 min but not 30 min of exercise in leukocytes. This finding might be useful for testing the endurance of horse using blood samples. Conclusively, the horse PPARδ gene is evolutionarily conserved well and can be used as a biomarker of endurance in horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Sangsu Shin
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeju 690-150, Korea
| | - Woon-Kyu Lee
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, HanKyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Genomic Informatics Center, HanKyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
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Park JW, Jang HJ, Shin S, Cho HW, Choi JY, Kim NY, Lee HK, Do KT, Song KD, Cho BW. Molecular Analysis of Alternative Transcripts of the Equine Cordon-Bleu WH2 Repeat Protein-Like 1 (COBLL1) Gene. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:870-5. [PMID: 25925064 PMCID: PMC4412984 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the alternative splicing in equine cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein-like 1 (COBLL1) gene that was identified in horse muscle and blood leukocytes, and to predict functional consequences of alternative splicing by bioinformatics analysis. In a previous study, RNA-seq analysis predicted the presence of alternative spliced isoforms of equine COBLL1, namely COBLL1a as a long form and COBLL1b as a short form. In this study, we validated two isoforms of COBLL1 transcripts in horse tissues by the real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cloned them for Sanger sequencing. The sequencing results showed that the alternative splicing occurs at exon 9. Prediction of protein structure of these isoforms revealed three putative phosphorylation sites at the amino acid sequences encoded in exon 9, which is deleted in COBLL1b. In expression analysis, it was found that COBLL1b was expressed ubiquitously and equivalently in all the analyzed tissues, whereas COBLL1a showed strong expression in kidney, spinal cord and lung, moderate expression in heart and skeletal muscle, and low expression in thyroid and colon. In muscle, both COBLL1a and COBLL1b expression decreased after exercise. It is assumed that the regulation of COBLL1 expression may be important for regulating glucose level or switching of energy source, possibly through an insulin signaling pathway, in muscle after exercise. Further study is warranted to reveal the functional importance of COBLL1 on athletic performance in race horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Sangsu Shin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea ; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 690-150, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Kyong-Tak Do
- Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea ; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
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Cho HW, Shin S, Song KD, Park JW, Choi JY, Lee HK, Cho BW. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2 (ADRB2) Gene before and after Exercise in the Horse. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:686-90. [PMID: 25924960 PMCID: PMC4412999 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The adrenergic receptor beta 2 (ADRB2) plays a role in various physiological responses of the muscle to exercise, such as contraction and relaxation. Given its important role in muscle function, we investigated the structure of the horse ADRB2 gene and its expression pattern after exercise to determine if it can serve as a putative biomarker for recovery. Evolutionary analyses using synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios, were compared with other species (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, pig, chicken, dog, and cat), and revealed the occurrence of positive selection in the horse ADRB2 gene. In addition, expression analyses by quantitative polymerase chain reaction exhibited ubiquitous distribution of horse ADRB2 in various tissues including lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, thyroid, appendix, colon, spinal cord and heart, with the highest expression observed in the lung. The expression of ADRB2 in skeletal muscle was significantly up-regulated about four folds 30 minutes post-exercise compared to pre-exercise. The expression level of ADRB2 in leukocytes, which could be collected with convenience compared with other tissues in horse, increased until 60 min after exercise but decreased afterward until 120 min, suggesting the ADRB2 expression levels in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker to check the early recovery status of horse after exercise. In conclusion, we identified horse ADRB2 gene and analyzed expression profiles in various tissues. Additionally, analysis of ADBR2 gene expression in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker useful for evaluation of early recovery status after exercise in racing horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Sangsu Shin
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Genomic informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
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Gim JA, Lee S, Kim DS, Jeong KS, Hong CP, Bae JH, Moon JW, Choi YS, Cho BW, Cho HG, Bhak J, Kim HS. HEpD: a database describing epigenetic differences between Thoroughbred and Jeju horses. Gene 2015; 560:83-8. [PMID: 25637569 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, genome-wide maps of DNA methylation are now available. The Thoroughbred horse is bred for racing, while the Jeju horse is a traditional Korean horse bred for racing or food. The methylation profiles of equine organs may provide genomic clues underlying their athletic traits. We have developed a database to elucidate genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of the cerebrum, lung, heart, and skeletal muscle from Thoroughbred and Jeju horses. Using MeDIP-Seq, our database provides information regarding significantly enriched methylated regions beyond a threshold, methylation density of a specific region, and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) for tissues from two equine breeds. It provided methylation patterns at 784 gene regions in the equine genome. This database can potentially help researchers identify DMRs in the tissues of these horse species and investigate the differences between the Thoroughbred and Jeju horse breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-An Gim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugi Lee
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seuk Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Technology & Industry, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Moon
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Choi
- Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Gue Cho
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea; BioMedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Gim JA, Lee S, Kim DS, Jeong KS, Hong CP, Bae JH, Moon JW, Choi YS, Cho BW, Cho HG, Bhak J, Kim HS. HExDB: a database for epigenetic changes occurring after horse exercise. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gim JA, Hong CP, Kim DS, Moon JW, Choi Y, Eo J, Kwon YJ, Lee JR, Jung YD, Bae JH, Choi BH, Ko J, Song S, Ahn K, Ha HS, Yang YM, Lee HK, Park KD, Do KT, Han K, Yi JM, Cha HJ, Ayarpadikannan S, Cho BW, Bhak J, Kim HS. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation before-and after exercise in the thoroughbred horse with MeDIP-Seq. Mol Cells 2015; 38:210-20. [PMID: 25666347 PMCID: PMC4363720 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletic performance is an important criteria used for the selection of superior horses. However, little is known about exercise-related epigenetic processes in the horse. DNA methylation is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in response to environmental changes. We carried out comparative genomic analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the blood samples of two different thoroughbred horses before and after exercise by methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the pre-and post-exercise blood samples of superior and inferior horses were identified. Exercise altered the methylation patterns. After 30 min of exercise, 596 genes were hypomethylated and 715 genes were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas in the inferior horse, 868 genes were hypomethylated and 794 genes were hypermethylated. These genes were analyzed based on gene ontology (GO) annotations and the exercise-related pathway patterns in the two horses were compared. After exercise, gene regions related to cell division and adhesion were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas regions related to cell signaling and transport were hypermethylated in the inferior horse. Analysis of the distribution of methylated CpG islands confirmed the hypomethylation in the gene-body methylation regions after exercise. The methylation patterns of transposable elements also changed after exercise. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) showed abundance of DMRs. Collectively, our results serve as a basis to study exercise-based reprogramming of epigenetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-An Gim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Moon
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Jungwoo Eo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Ja-Rang Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Yi-Deun Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Jin-Han Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706,
Korea
| | - Junsu Ko
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Sanghoon Song
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Kung Ahn
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Ha
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749,
Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tag Do
- Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711,
Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714,
Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953,
Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Departments of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-702,
Korea
| | - Selvam Ayarpadikannan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702,
Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
- BioMedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 689-798,
Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
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Amaresh S, Karthikeyan K, Kim KJ, An JY, Cho SJ, Chung KY, Cho BW, Nam KW, Lee YS. Metal oxide coated lithium cobalt fluorophosphate cathode materials for lithium secondary batteries--effect of aging and temperature. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:7545-7552. [PMID: 25942823 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lithium cobalt fluorophosphate (Li2CoPO4F) is a promising 5 V class cathode material for lithium secondary batteries. In this study, surface coating with ZrO2 improved the electrochemical activity of Li2CoPO4F with a maximum discharge capacity of 144 mA h g(-1). The effectiveness of ZrO2 coating was evaluated using aging analysis with a commercial electrolyte, i.e., 1 M LiPF6 in EC:DMC (1:1, v/v). The metal ion dissolution was reduced to 1/8th of that observed in the non-coated Li2CoPO4F. It was found that the thin coating layer had less or no contribution to the additional resistance for the cell, both at an open circuit potential and at a fully charged state; hence, the capacity of the cell was retained over cycling. Elevated temperature aging did not affect the intrinsic property of the coated Li2CoPO4F, as observed from the complete anodic and cathodic peaks from cyclic voltammetry studies after 30 days of storage at 50 degrees C. An increase in impedance was observed for aged cells, which could be due to the thick SEI layer formed during storage. The ZrO2 coating over Li2CoPO4F was crucial for the improved performance of electrode active material at higher operating potentials of up to 5.2 V.
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Lee JH, Lee T, Lee HK, Cho BW, Shin DH, Do KT, Sung S, Kwak W, Kim HJ, Kim H, Cho S, Park KD. Thoroughbred Horse Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Expression Database: HSDB. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1236-43. [PMID: 25178365 PMCID: PMC4150188 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetics is important for breeding and selection of horses but there is a lack of well-established horse-related browsers or databases. In order to better understand horses, more variants and other integrated information are needed. Thus, we construct a horse genomic variants database including expression and other information. Horse Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Expression Database (HSDB) (http://snugenome2.snu.ac.kr/HSDB) provides the number of unexplored genomic variants still remaining to be identified in the horse genome including rare variants by using population genome sequences of eighteen horses and RNA-seq of four horses. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were confirmed by comparing them with SNP chip data and variants of RNA-seq, which showed a concordance level of 99.02% and 96.6%, respectively. Moreover, the database provides the genomic variants with their corresponding transcriptional profiles from the same individuals to help understand the functional aspects of these variants. The database will contribute to genetic improvement and breeding strategies of Thoroughbreds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Ho Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tag Do
- Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711, Korea
| | - Samsun Sung
- C&K Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Korea
| | - Woori Kwak
- C&K Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Korea . ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- C&K Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea . ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Park
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
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Park KD, Kim H, Hwang JY, Lee CK, Do KT, Kim HS, Yang YM, Kwon YJ, Kim J, Kim HJ, Song KD, Oh JD, Kim H, Cho BW, Cho S, Lee HK. Copy number deletion has little impact on gene expression levels in racehorses. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1345-54. [PMID: 25178379 PMCID: PMC4150202 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs), important genetic factors for study of human diseases, may have as large of an effect on phenotype as do single nucleotide polymorphisms. Indeed, it is widely accepted that CNVs are associated with differential disease susceptibility. However, the relationships between CNVs and gene expression have not been characterized in the horse. In this study, we investigated the effects of copy number deletion in the blood and muscle transcriptomes of Thoroughbred racing horses. We identified a total of 1,246 CNVs of deletion polymorphisms using DNA re-sequencing data from 18 Thoroughbred racing horses. To discover the tendencies between CNV status and gene expression levels, we extracted CNVs of four Thoroughbred racing horses of which RNA sequencing was available. We found that 252 pairs of CNVs and genes were associated in the four horse samples. We did not observe a clear and consistent relationship between the deletion status of CNVs and gene expression levels before and after exercise in blood and muscle. However, we found some pairs of CNVs and associated genes that indicated relationships with gene expression levels: a positive relationship with genes responsible for membrane structure or cytoskeleton and a negative relationship with genes involved in disease. This study will lead to conceptual advances in understanding the relationship between CNVs and global gene expression in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Do Park
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Hyeongmin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tag Do
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Young-Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | - Ki-Duk Song
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Jae-Don Oh
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea . ; CHO & KIM genomics, Seoul 151-919, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- CHO & KIM genomics, Seoul 151-919, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
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Choi BH, Lee KT, Lee HJ, Jang GW, Lee HY, Cho BW, Han JY, Kim TH. Detection of quantitative trait Loci affecting fat deposition traits in pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:1507-10. [PMID: 25049509 PMCID: PMC4093036 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with fat deposition traits in pigs are important gene positions in a chromosome that influence meat quality of pork. For QTL study, a three generation resource population was constructed from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows. A total of 240 F2 animals from intercross of F1 were produced. 80 microsatellite markers covering chromosomes 1 to 10 were selected to genotype the resource population. Intervals between adjacent markers were approximately 19 cM. Linkage analysis was performed using CRIMAP software version 2.4 with a FIXED option to obtain the map distances. For QTL analysis, the public web-based software, QTL express (http://www.qtl.cap.ed.ac.uk) was used. Two significant and two suggestive QTL were identified on SSC 6, 7, and 8 as affecting body fat and IMF traits. For QTL affecting IMF, the most significant association was detected between marker sw71 and sw1881 on SSC 6, and a suggestive QTL was identified between sw268 and sw205 on SSC8. These QTL accounted for 26.58% and 12.31% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. A significant QTL affecting IMF was detected at position 105 cM between markers sw71 and sw1881 on SSC 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Choi
- Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - K T Lee
- Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - G W Jang
- Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - B W Cho
- Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - J Y Han
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Gyeongnam, Korea
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Lee JR, Hong CP, Moon JW, Jung YD, Kim DS, Kim TH, Gim JA, Bae JH, Choi Y, Eo J, Kwon YJ, Song S, Ko J, Yang YM, Lee HK, Park KD, Ahn K, Do KT, Ha HS, Han K, Yi JM, Cha HJ, Cho BW, Bhak J, Kim HS. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation patterns in horse. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:598. [PMID: 25027854 PMCID: PMC4117963 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an epigenetic regulatory mechanism that plays an essential role in mediating biological processes and determining phenotypic plasticity in organisms. Although the horse reference genome and whole transcriptome data are publically available the global DNA methylation data are yet to be known. Results We report the first genome-wide DNA methylation characteristics data from skeletal muscle, heart, lung, and cerebrum tissues of thoroughbred (TH) and Jeju (JH) horses, an indigenous Korea breed, respectively by methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. The analysis of the DNA methylation patterns indicated that the average methylation density was the lowest in the promoter region, while the density in the coding DNA sequence region was the highest. Among repeat elements, a relatively high density of methylation was observed in long interspersed nuclear elements compared to short interspersed nuclear elements or long terminal repeat elements. We also successfully identified differential methylated regions through a comparative analysis of corresponding tissues from TH and JH, indicating that the gene body regions showed a high methylation density. Conclusions We provide report the first DNA methylation landscape and differentially methylated genomic regions (DMRs) of thoroughbred and Jeju horses, providing comprehensive DMRs maps of the DNA methylome. These data are invaluable resource to better understanding of epigenetics in the horse providing information for the further biological function analyses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-598) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jong Bhak
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn K, Bae JH, Gim JA, Lee JR, Jung YD, Park KD, Han K, Cho BW, Kim HS. Identification and characterization of transposable elements inserted into the coding sequences of horse genes. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Karthikeyan K, Amaresh S, Kim KJ, Kim SH, Chung KY, Cho BW, Lee YS. A high performance hybrid capacitor with Li2CoPO4F cathode and activated carbon anode. Nanoscale 2013; 5:5958-5964. [PMID: 23708774 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we report the possibility of utilizing Li2CoPO4F as a novel cathode material for hybrid capacitor applications. Li2CoPO4F powders were prepared by a conventional two-step solid state method. A hybrid cell was fabricated using Li2CoPO4F as the cathode along with activated carbon (AC) as the anode in 1 M LiPF6 dissolved in 1 : 1 EC/DMC electrolyte and its electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant current charge-discharge (C-D) techniques. The Li2CoPO4F/AC cell is capable of delivering a discharge capacitance of 42 F g(-1) at 150 mA g(-1) current density within 0-3 V region having excellent coulombic efficiency of over 99% even after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the Li2CoPO4F/AC cell exhibited excellent rate performance with an energy density of ~24 W h kg(-1) at 1100 mA g(-1) current and maintained about 92% of its initial value even after 30,000 C-D cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to corroborate the results that were obtained and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karthikeyan
- Faculty of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
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32
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Kim H, Lee T, Park W, Lee JW, Kim J, Lee BY, Ahn H, Moon S, Cho S, Do KT, Kim HS, Lee HK, Lee CK, Kong HS, Yang YM, Park J, Kim HM, Kim BC, Hwang S, Bhak J, Burt D, Park KD, Cho BW, Kim H. Peeling back the evolutionary layers of molecular mechanisms responsive to exercise-stress in the skeletal muscle of the racing horse. DNA Res 2013; 20:287-98. [PMID: 23580538 PMCID: PMC3686434 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern horse (Equus caballus) is the product of over 50 million yrs of evolution. The athletic abilities of the horse have been enhanced during the past 6000 yrs under domestication. Therefore, the horse serves as a valuable model to understand the physiology and molecular mechanisms of adaptive responses to exercise. The structure and function of skeletal muscle show remarkable plasticity to the physical and metabolic challenges following exercise. Here, we reveal an evolutionary layer of responsiveness to exercise-stress in the skeletal muscle of the racing horse. We analysed differentially expressed genes and their co-expression networks in a large-scale RNA-sequence dataset comparing expression before and after exercise. By estimating genome-wide dN/dS ratios using six mammalian genomes, and FST and iHS using re-sequencing data derived from 20 horses, we were able to peel back the evolutionary layers of adaptations to exercise-stress in the horse. We found that the oldest and thickest layer (dN/dS) consists of system-wide tissue and organ adaptations. We further find that, during the period of horse domestication, the older layer (FST) is mainly responsible for adaptations to inflammation and energy metabolism, and the most recent layer (iHS) for neurological system process, cell adhesion, and proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongmin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Bang JI, Yoo JG, Park MR, Shin TS, Cho BW, Lee HG, Kim BW, Kang TY, Kong IK, Kim JH, Cho SK. The effects of artificial activation timing on the development of SCNT-derived embryos and newborn piglets. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:127-32. [PMID: 23719117 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of two different activation regimens on the developmental potential of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos and postnatal survivability of the cloned piglets. In vitro matured oocytes were enucleated and reconstructed with porcine fetal fibroblasts. On the basis of the activation regimen used, the reconstructed porcine embryos were allocated into two groups: Group 1-simultaneous electrical pulses and activation group (SFA group); and Group 2-electrical fusion without calcium followed by electrical pulses with calcium after colcemid and cytochalasin B treatment for 5h (DA group). Embryonic development in both SFA and DA groups was determined at day 6 of culture in NSCU-23 medium. To investigate the post-implantation development after the two activation methods, embryos were cultured for 1 day and then transferred into the oviducts of estrus-synchronized recipients. DA group had significantly (p<0.05) higher cleavage rates than SFA group. However, the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage and the mean cell number of blastocysts did not differ (p>0.05) between SFA and DA groups. Moreover, the pregnancy rate of SFA group was not significantly different compared to DA group. A total of 20 cloned piglets (SFA group-8 live piglets, DA group-11 live piglets and one stillborn) were obtained in the present study. The birth weight of the cloned piglets (live births) did not differ (p>0.05) between the two groups. Furthermore, no difference was observed in the postnatal survival rates of the cloned piglets obtained using two different activation regimens. These results suggest that the timing of artificial activation and additional chemical treatments do not affect the developmental rate of porcine SCNT embryos. Remarkably, the pregnancy rate and postnatal survivability of the cloned piglets did not vary between SFA and DA groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Il Bang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Lee SB, Choi YH, Cho SK, Shin TS, Cho BW, Kang HS, Kim KK, Kim SK, Lee HG. Effects of Dietary Flammulina velutipes Mycelium on Broiler Chick Performance, Pathogenic Bacterial Counts in Caecal Contents and Amount of NH3in Excreta. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2012. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2012.54.5.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park KD, Park J, Ko J, Kim BC, Kim HS, Ahn K, Do KT, Choi H, Kim HM, Song S, Lee S, Jho S, Kong HS, Yang YM, Jhun BH, Kim C, Kim TH, Hwang S, Bhak J, Lee HK, Cho BW. Whole transcriptome analyses of six thoroughbred horses before and after exercise using RNA-Seq. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:473. [PMID: 22971240 PMCID: PMC3472166 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoroughbred horses are the most expensive domestic animals, and their running ability and knowledge about their muscle-related diseases are important in animal genetics. While the horse reference genome is available, there has been no large-scale functional annotation of the genome using expressed genes derived from transcriptomes. RESULTS We present a large-scale analysis of whole transcriptome data. We sequenced the whole mRNA from the blood and muscle tissues of six thoroughbred horses before and after exercise. By comparing current genome annotations, we identified 32,361 unigene clusters spanning 51.83 Mb that contained 11,933 (36.87%) annotated genes. More than 60% (20,428) of the unigene clusters did not match any current equine gene model. We also identified 189,973 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) from the sequences aligned against the horse reference genome. Most SNVs (171,558 SNVs; 90.31%) were novel when compared with over 1.1 million equine SNPs from two SNP databases. Using differential expression analysis, we further identified a number of exercise-regulated genes: 62 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated genes in the blood, and 878 up-regulated and 285 down-regulated genes in the muscle. Six of 28 previously-known exercise-related genes were over-expressed in the muscle after exercise. Among the differentially expressed genes, there were 91 transcription factor-encoding genes, which included 56 functionally unknown transcription factor candidates that are probably associated with an early regulatory exercise mechanism. In addition, we found interesting RNA expression patterns where different alternative splicing forms of the same gene showed reversed expressions before and after exercising. CONCLUSION The first sequencing-based horse transcriptome data, extensive analyses results, deferentially expressed genes before and after exercise, and candidate genes that are related to the exercise are provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Do Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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Nam GH, Ahn K, Bae JH, Cho BW, Park KD, Lee HK, Yang YM, Kim TH, Seong HH, Han K, Kim HS. Corrigendum to “Identification of ORF sequences and exercise-induced expression change in thoroughbred horse OXCT1 gene” [Gene 496 (2012) 45–48]. Gene X 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Do CH, Cho BW, Lee DH. Study on the Prolactin Receptor 3 (PRLR3) Gene and the Retinol-binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Gene as Candidate Genes for Production Traits in Berkshire Pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:183-8. [PMID: 25049549 PMCID: PMC4093128 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene on the production traits of swine, genotyping was performed on 156 and 141 Berkshire pigs, respectively, that were carefully selected for economic traits. The frequencies of allele A in the PRLR3 locus and allele B in the RBP4 locus were 0.50 and 0.42, respectively. Neither locus was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. After a genotype was assigned to the individuals whose parents had the homozygous genotype, a statistical analysis was conducted for 291 pigs. The animals with the PRLR3 and RBP4 genotypes included 182 and 227 head, respectively. Even though the genotypic effects of PRLR3 (p<0.05) and RBP4 (p<0.01) had a significant influence on the pigs’ back fat thickness, the interaction of both genes was not highly significant in terms of the back fat thickness (p = 0.1235). While the estimated epistasis effects of aaBB and aaBb decreased the back fat thickness and reduced the growth rate, the effects of AAbb and aabb increased the growth rate. Despite the insignificant difference in the PRLR genotypes in terms of the days to 90 kg and the average daily gain, the back fat thickness showed a significant difference (p<0.05), and the additive effect of allele A and the dominant effect of the hetero-genotype were −0.377 and 1.206 mm, respectively. The RBP4 genotypes had a very significant effect (p<0.01) on the back fat thickness, the days to 90 kg, and the average daily gain. The additive effects of allele B of the RBP4 locus on the back fat thickness, the days to 90 kg, and the average daily gain were 0.70 mm, −1.3 days and 6.2 g, respectively. Moreover, the dominant effects of the heterozygote for those traits were 0.63 mm, 9.9 days and −45.0 g, respectively. Allele A of the PRLR3 locus favorably influenced the back fat thickness, the days to 90 kg of the body weight, and the average daily gain and its dominant effect unfavorably influenced those traits. Allele B of RBP4 showed an incremental growth rate and back fat thickness, which could lower the lean meat percentage in the carcass. The RBP4 hetero-genotype negatively affected the pork production. These results strongly imply that the selection of allele A of PRLR3 and allele B of RBP4 would produce highly productive pigs in the Berkshire breed. Careful selection of allele B of RBP4 is required because of the increase in the back fat thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Do
- College of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - B W Cho
- College of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - D H Lee
- College of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Dashmaa D, Cho BW, Odkhuu G, Park KM, Do KT, Lee KH, Seo KS, Choi JG, Lee MJ, Cho IK, Ryu KS, Jeong DW, Hwang IH. Meat Quality and Volatile Flavor Traits of Duroc, Berkshire and Yorksire Breeds. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2011. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.6.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Bae JH, Ahn K, Nam GH, Lee CE, Park KD, Lee HK, Cho BW, Kim HS. Molecular characterization of alternative transcripts of the horse BMAL1 gene. Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:671-5. [PMID: 21882956 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The horse BMAL1 gene encodes the brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1, which is a key regulator of circadian rhythmic systems in most organs and cells. The first exon of the horse-specific BMAL1 gene is produced by an exonization event of LINE3 (CR1) and SINE (MIR) was detected by bioinformatic analysis. Alternative variants generated by cassette exon event in various horse tissues were also detected by RT-PCR amplification and sequencing. The cDNA sequences of the horse transcripts (BMAL1a, BMAL1b) contain additional 21 bp and 71 bp fragments relative to horse BMAL1. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to compare the expression patterns between transcript variants in various horse tissues. The results of these experiments showed splice variants that were widely expressed in most tissues. Furthermore, they were highly expressed in cerebellum, heart, and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Han Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Lee DH, Kong HS, Lee HK, Park KD, Cho BW, Choy YH, Jeon BS, Cho KH, Sin YS. Analysis of the Annual Earnings used as the Sire Evaluation Criteria in Home-produced Thoroughbred Racehorses. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2011. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2011.53.4.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Do CH, Lee DH, Cho BW. Characterization of the Prolactin Receptor 3 (PRLR3) and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Genes in the Birth Weight and Early Growth of Berkshire Pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2011. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2011.53.3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nam GH, Ahn K, Bae JH, Han K, Lee CE, Park KD, Lee SH, Cho BW, Kim HS. Genomic structure and expression analyses of the PYGM gene in the thoroughbred horse. Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:276-80. [PMID: 21466345 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscle glycogen Phosphorylase (PYGM) has been shown to catalyze the degradation of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate. The PYGM gene can contribute to providing energy to the body by disassembling the glycogen in muscle. Here, we analyzed the genomic structure and expression of the PYGM gene in the thoroughbred horse. The PYGM gene, containing several transposable elements (MIRs, LINEs, and MERs), was highly conserved in mammalian genomes. In order to understand the expression of the horse PYGM gene, we performed quantitative RT-PCR using 11 thoroughbred horse tissue samples. The horse PYGM gene was broadly expressed in all tissues tested. In particular, the highest expression of the horse PYGM gene was observed in skeletal muscle tissue relative to the other tissues. Interestingly, the horse PYGM gene contains fewer mobile elements than its human ortholog, resulting in an increase in the structural stability of the PYGM gene sequence. This study provides insights into the genomic structure of the horse PYGM gene that may be useful in future studies of its association with exercise capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Hwi Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Kong HS, Lee HK, Park KD, Cho BW. A Breed Comparison on the Finishing Times of Racehorses. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2011. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2011.53.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cho KH, Son SK, Cho BW, Kim JG, Kong HS, Lee HK, Park KD. Genetic Evaluation of Thoroughbred Racehorses Using the Integrated Racing Records Collected from Different Racetracks. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2010. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2010.52.2.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jin YC, Lee HG, Xu CX, Han JA, Choi SH, Song MK, Kim YJ, Lee KB, Kim SK, Kang HS, Cho BW, Shin TS, Choi YJ. Proteomic analysis of endogenous conjugated linoleic acid biosynthesis in lactating rats and mouse mammary gland epithelia cells (HC11). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 2010; 1804:745-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cho BW, Oliveros MC, Park KM, Do KT, Lee KH, Seo KS, Choi JG, Lee MJ, Cho IK, Choi BC, Ryu KS, Hwang IH. Objective and Subjective Quality Characteristics of Pork Longissimus Muscle as a Function of the Ultimate pH. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2009. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2009.29.6.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cho BW, Ha TY, Cho KH, Kim SD, Lee HK, Kong HS, Park KD. Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Finished and Furlong Times in Thoroughbred Racehorses. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2009.90198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park JS, Cho BW, Sohn SH. Karyotype of Jeju Horse; G-, C- and NOR-banding. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2009. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2009.51.5.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shim S, Lee S, Kim C, Kim B, Jee S, Lee S, Sin J, Bae C, Woo JM, Cho J, Lee E, Choi H, Kim H, Lee J, Jung Y, Cho B, Chae K, Hwang D. Effects of air transportation cause physiological and biochemical changes indicative of stress leading to regulation of chaperone expression levels and corticosterone concentration. Exp Anim 2009; 58:11-7. [PMID: 19151507 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.58.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animals generally experience numerous unfamiliar environmental and psychological influences such as noises, temperatures, handling, shaking, and smells during the process of air transportation. To investigate whether stress induced by air transportation affects stress-related factors in animals, the levels of hormone and chaperone protein were measured in several tissues of F344 rats transported for 13 h and not transported. Herein, we conclude that the levels of corticosterone, HSP70, and GRP78 were significantly increased in the transported group compare to not transported group, but they were rapidly restored to the not transported group level after a recovery period of one week. However, the magnitude of induction and restoration levels of these factors varied depending on the tissue type. Thus, these results suggest that air transportation should be considered for the improvement of laboratory animal health and to reduce the incidence of laboratory animal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunBo Shim
- Laboratory Animal Resources Team, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korean FDA
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Li SL, Li X, Choi BH, Lee CK, Cho BW, Kim JJ, Kim KS. Linkage Disequilibrium and Gene Expression Analyses of IGF2 Gene in Korean Native Pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2009. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2009.51.1.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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